JPH09150140A - Desalting device served also as hydraulic power generation utilizing sea water and lake water - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To generate electric power and also to desalt sea water by desalting and purifying sea water or lake water by a desalting device and a water purifying device in a waterproof and pressure resistant equipment and falling down the water before and behind thereof 2 to the inside of a vertical shaft provided on the sea bottom or lake bottom to be converted into electric energy. SOLUTION: The waterproof and pressure resistant device 3 is arranged on the sea bottom 2 under the surface of the sea 1 and a sea water desalting device 4 is incorporated thereinto and a sea water intake port 6 is provided at the upper part. The vertical shaft 9 is dug in the sea bottom 2 and an electric generator 11 having a water wheel 10 is provided in the vertical shaft 9. The sea water desalting device 4 removed about 3.5% salts dissolved in the sea water 5 taken in from the sea water intake port 6 to obtain fresh water and be property stored in a water storage tank 8. Also a hydraulic power generation equipment 13 generates electric power by converting mechanical energy of the fresh water fallen down from the storage tank 8 into electric energy by the generator 11. This electric power is passed through a power transmission path 14 and used as electric energy by desalting fresh water by the sea water desalting device 4.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a desalination / purification and hydroelectric power generation system using sea lake water and a hydroelectric power / desalination water purification device used for the same, and in particular to seawater desalination and its water purification. It relates to a technology that attempts to cause hydroelectric power generation by utilizing the technology.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The world population tends to increase year by year.
It is said that in the future, the food supply will not keep up with the population increase. A seawater desalination system is provided to desalinate seawater and secure agricultural water as a food production plan to cope with the world population increase. However, the seawater desalination device, not only for agriculture, also functions to secure appropriate drinking water, industrial water, etc., for example,
It is well known that even in Japan where the four sides of the sea are the Pan Sea, drinking water may not be secured due to the drought of the dam due to variations in rainfall. The sea (ocean) occupies about three-fourths (about 70%) of the earth's surface, and the use of the sea has a great advantage, and the seawater desalination equipment, which is one form of its use, is also important. There is something. However, in order to realize desalination using the seawater desalination device, it is usually difficult to secure the fuel required for desalination, and in countries such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, there is almost no surplus. As good as the natural gas is, in other countries it usually presents a problem of having the fuel needed for desalination. A system that uses waste heat from thermal power generation and nuclear power generation as a heat source for seawater desalination and combines this with desalination has been proposed, but thermal power generation calls for depletion of fossil resources such as oil and coal. Existing fuel sources are used, and these fuel sources have price fluctuations, soaring fuel sources increase the cost of fresh water, while nuclear power generation is There are problems such as. In terms of the problem of power generation, hydropower has been the main force in Japan in the past, but due to lack of water resources, uneven distribution of power sources, and large differences in water shortages depending on the season, there are many differences. It is shifting to main obedience. It is thought that this transition is due to problems such as securing a huge dam construction site in the realization of hydroelectric power generation, and Japan originally had many mountains and rivers and should be suitable for hydroelectric power generation. However, such a transition is taking place.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of solving the drawbacks of the prior art. The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the present specification.

[0004]

The present invention relates to the following inventions. (1) Desalination and / or water purification by taking seawater or lakewater from the seawater or lakewater intake of the waterproof or pressureproof equipment installed on the seabed or the bottom of the sea or lake, and incorporating the seawater or lakewater into the waterproof and pressureproof equipment. Desalination and / or water purification by the deoxidizer, and water before and after desalination and / or water purification is dropped inside the vertical shaft provided at the sea bottom or lake bottom, and electric energy is generated by a generator with a water turbine attached to the vertical shaft. A desalination / purification and hydroelectric power generation system using sea lake water. (2) An artificial island, a floating island, or a platform is constructed in the sea or a lake, and seawater or lake water is supplied to a desalination and / or water purification device built in the artificial island, a floating island, or a platform, and the seawater or lake water is supplied. The desalination and / or
Or desalination and / or water purification by a water purification device, and hydropower generation is caused by the water falling from the water desalination and / or water purification device or the water before the water desalination and / or water purification A desalination / purification and hydroelectric power generation system using sea lake water. (3) A waterproof pressure resistant equipment is installed on the seabed or the lake bottom of the sea or lake, seawater or lake water intake is provided in the waterproof pressure resistant equipment, and a desalination and / or water purification device is built into the waterproof pressure resistant equipment. A vertical shaft is provided at the bottom of the sea or the lake, and a generator having a water turbine is attached to the vertical shaft, and the seawater of the waterproof pressure-resistant facility or the seawater or the lake water taken from the lake water intake is desalinated and / or
Or desalination and / or water purification by a water purification device, and
A hydroelectric power generation and desalination water purification device using sea lake water, characterized by causing hydroelectric power generation with water before and after desalination and / or water purification. (4) Constructing an artificial island, floating island or platform in the sea or lake, incorporating a desalination and / or water purification device inside the artificial island, floating island or platform, and dropping from the desalination and / or water purification device. A hydroelectric power generation and desalination water purification apparatus using sea lake water, which is equipped with a built-in hydroelectric power generation facility capable of causing hydroelectric power generation with the above-mentioned water or the water before desalination and / or water purification.

[0005]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0006]

【Example】

Embodiment 1 FIG. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a waterproof and pressure resistant equipment 3 is installed on the seabed 1 below the sea surface 1. A seawater desalination apparatus 4 is built in the waterproof pressure resistant equipment 3. A seawater intake 6 for taking in seawater 5 is provided above the waterproof and pressure resistant equipment 3. A plurality of the seawater intakes 6 and the seawater desalination apparatus 4 are provided, respectively, and a route 7 of the water taken from the seawater intakes 6 via the seawater desalination apparatus 4 is provided.
It is better to be able to switch appropriately. A fresh water storage tank 8 is provided below the seawater desalination apparatus 4 to appropriately store fresh water. A vertical shaft (vertical hole) 9 is provided on the seabed 2. Pipes (not shown) may be provided inside the vertical shaft 9 along the wall surface thereof, or pipes (hydraulic pressure pipes) may be buried and the pipes may be used as the vertical shaft 9. A generator 11 having a water turbine 10 is attached to the vertical shaft 9. As shown in the figure, a plurality of generators 11 having the water turbine 10 may be attached so as to perform efficient hydroelectric power generation. Rotating the water turbine 10 multiple times, one generator 11
May be summarized in. The vertical shaft 9 may be provided with a plurality of holes.

The seawater desalination apparatus 4 is an apparatus that obtains fresh water by removing about 3.5% of salts dissolved in the seawater 5.
Seawater desalination includes a method of separating water from seawater and a method of removing salts from seawater. Both can be used. To separate water and salt in seawater, a method using thermal energy represented by a distillation method and a freezing method; a reverse osmosis method,
The mechanical energy method represented by the pressure dialysis method; the electric energy method represented by the electrodialysis method; the hydrate method, the solvent extraction method, the chemical energy method represented by the ion exchange method are exemplified. It can be appropriately selected from these methods. The ion exchange method is a method of removing salt by utilizing the ion exchange phenomenon to obtain fresh water, and there are a method using an ion exchange resin and a method using zeolite.The pressure dialysis method uses a salt through a membrane. It is a method of desalting by applying pressure to the aqueous solution. There are various methods for desalination of seawater as described above, but the most advantageous of them is the multi-stage flash method (a type of distillation method, in which seawater is heated and distilled to obtain fresh water). There is. However, as described above, this method has a problem in the fuel source for the distillation heating. According to the present invention, there is an advantage that hydroelectric power can be generated from the water desalinated by the seawater desalination apparatus 4 and the generated energy can be used as energy for heating. Therefore, in the present invention,
Various desalination methods can be adopted without troubles with the fuel source.

[0008] Generally, in hydroelectric power generation, first, water is guided to a high place to make a certain head, and water is dropped from a high place all at once to a low place through a water turbine.
The electric power is generated by rotating a generator connected coaxially. Ordinary hydropower plants are divided into waterway type, dam type, and dam waterway type according to the structure for obtaining the head.
The waterway method is to drop the water drawn by the waterway from the distillation of the river to the power generation point with a penstock, and the dam method is to raise the water level by blocking the running water at the dam, and to drop the water between the water surface above and below the dam. The dam waterway type is a combination of these methods. On the other hand, to explain the method of the present invention, the seawater 5 is taken from the seawater intake 6 of the waterproof and pressure resistant equipment 3 installed on the seabed 2 below the sea surface 1. The seawater 5 is desalinated by the desalination apparatus 4 which is built in the waterproof pressure resistant equipment 3. When the desalinated water is temporarily stored in the fresh water storage tank 8, it becomes possible to adjust the amount of water in response to a sudden change in the load of the generator 11. Then, the water in the fresh water storage tank 8 is dropped inside a vertical shaft (a penstock may be used) 9 provided in the seabed 2. Since it falls directly below in the vertical direction, the water wheel (runner) of the water turbine 10 is vigorously rotated. Water turbine 10
To the generator 11 connected to The water turbine 10 includes, for example, a Belton turbine, a Francis turbine, and a propeller turbine in descending order of head, but if a Kaplan turbine for low head (a type of propeller turbine) is used, the depth of the vertical shaft is reduced. Can be shortened. The Kaplan turbine has a propeller-type impeller and the efficiency is good because the blade angle can be changed according to the load. As the propeller turbine, a mixed flow turbine that can make the flow of the water acting on the impeller oblique to the main shaft 12 may be used. In the figure, the blades of the water wheel 9 are in the form of protrusions into the vertical shaft (water pressure tube) 9, but the impeller is housed in the vertical shaft (water pressure tube) 9 so that the main shaft 12 is exposed to the outside. May be. The water turbine 10 may be provided with support blades, guide blades, and the like. The electric power generated in the hydroelectric power generation facility 13 can be used as electric energy for desalination in the seawater desalination apparatus 4 through the power transmission path 14. As shown in the figure, once stored through the power storage device (storage battery) 15,
Power may be transmitted. In the present invention, as described above, it is possible to generate electric power by utilizing the head of seawater, and at the same time, to make seawater fresh.

Fresh water after hydroelectric power generation remains as it is at the bottom 16
Through the water discharge pipe 17 and the water supply pipe 18 provided above, the water can be pumped to the land and used as industrial water or agricultural water. It can also be temporarily stored in the water storage tank 19. The water can be supplied as drinking water through one of the separated water supply pipes 20, a filtration tank (filter) 21 and a water storage tank 22 and a water distribution pipe 23.

In the present invention, an incinerator 25 having an incinerator supply pipe 24 can be provided inside the waterproof and pressure resistant equipment 3.
If dust or the like is burned in the incinerator 25 and the water in the water distribution pipe 26 is heated by the heat to make hot water, it can be conveniently used, for example, as snow melting water or for heating. in this case,
Since the incinerator 25 is installed on the seabed, the pollution problem can be cleared. In the present invention, as shown in the figure, a vertical shaft facility 27 may be provided to carry out the equipment, to enter and leave people, and the like. In the present invention, the electric power generated by the hydroelectric power generation facility can be used as electric energy for desalination in the seawater desalination apparatus 4, but this can be supplied to a place with low electric power through the power transmission path 28. In addition, salts produced during desalination of seawater can be used as food salts. In the present invention, a waterproof pressure resistant facility is provided on the seabed (continental shelf) at a location of, for example, 20 to 30 m offshore, and a vertical shaft having an appropriate depth is provided below the facility.

Embodiment 2 FIG. Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the present invention applied to an artificial island.
As a construction method for artificial islands, there is a conventional type of reclamation method, but recently, caisson siding method and floating body method have been widely used. The caisson sinking method is a method in which a huge concrete caisson is built on a dock, towed to the destination, set to the bottom, and dug down to a solid support ground to form the building foundation. Further, the floating body construction method is a construction method for forming an island floating on the sea. In the present invention, artificial islands (including floating islands) can be constructed by these construction methods, and in addition, a soft bottom construction method or a so-called “marination concept” construction method can also be used. The soft bottom construction method is an intermediate method between the caisson sunk construction method and the floating construction method, and is a construction method in which a structure that feels a little better than water is softly landed on the seabed to construct an artificial island. The construction method based on the "Marination Concept" can be said to be an improved version of the reclamation construction method. A dam with a large outer circumference is constructed in the ocean, and the inside is dried up to construct a space on the seabed below the surface of the water to create an artificial island. To do. Therefore, the artificial island in the present invention includes a form in which a building is constructed in seawater or lakewater, a part of the building is buried in the seawater or lakewater, and the other part is exposed from the surface of the seawater or lakewater. Used in offshore oilfields,
It may be like a platform based on the sea floor. As shown in FIG. 2, a seawater supply pipe 30 is erected at the center of the artificial island 29 constructed in this way, and seawater 5 is pumped from its upper opening by a seawater pumping device 31 to be desalinated. Desalination of seawater is performed by the device 4. The desalinated water passes through the penstock 9 to rotate the water turbine 10 and transmit the energy to a generator 11 connected to the water turbine 10. In the above-mentioned embodiment, desalinated water is made to fall inside the vertical shaft (a penstock may be used) which is bored on the seabed. In this embodiment, the penstock 9 is erected inside the artificial island 29. Further, using the belton turbine 10, the nozzle 3 is attached to the runner composed of the disc 101 and the bucket 102.
2. Inject water from 2 to cause hydroelectric power generation.
The power of the generator 11 may be sent to the power storage device 15 and temporarily stored, or may be transmitted via the power transmission path 28.
The electric power generated by the hydroelectric power generation can be used for pumping the seawater pumping device 31 and for powering the seawater desalination device 4. Fresh water can be sent to the fresh water storage tank 19 and used as industrial water, agricultural water, drinking water, or the like. Incinerator 2
5, it is possible to burn dust and the like in the incinerator 25, and heat the water in the water distribution pipe 26 by the heat to make hot water. In addition, the above embodiment can be applied to the embodiment as appropriate.

Although the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments, the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say. The present invention can be applied not only to the sea but also to seawater lakes. It can also be applied to the purification of water other than desalination. In the above embodiment of the present invention,
Although an example in which hydroelectric power generation is caused by water after desalination or water purification has been shown, hydroelectric power generation may be performed first, and then desalination or water purification may be performed. As the waterproof and pressure-resistant equipment 3 in the present invention, an oil production apparatus submerged in the seabed, which is used in an offshore oil production system, is used, and a desalination or water purification apparatus is built therein, or a hydroelectric generation equipment is provided inside the equipment. May be incorporated. Since the present invention is installed in the sea, a seawater lake, etc., it is possible to use energy such as waves and seawater, and apply the energy by waves to desalination or water purification, or by an ocean temperature difference power generation system, For example, electricity can be extracted by utilizing the temperature difference between warm water near the surface of the sea and deep cold seawater, and further, solar heat is abundant in the sea and lakes, and solar thermal power generation can be used together.

[0013]

The effects obtained by the representative ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows. That is, according to the present invention, as described above, it is possible to generate electric power by utilizing the head of seawater, and at the same time, to make seawater fresh. According to the present invention, seawater can be desalinated, and hydroelectric power generation using the water after desalination can be used as a heat source in a seawater desalination apparatus, and it is easy to secure a fuel necessary for desalination.
There is no need for nuclear power generation associated with the problem of radioactive waste treatment, and it is not necessary to rely on thermal power generation from fuel sources such as petroleum and coal, which are depleted of resources. Also, compared to conventional hydroelectric power generation, about three quarters of the earth's surface (about 70%)
It is possible to solve the problems such as lack of water resources, uneven distribution of power supply areas, and large difference in water shortage due to season and year, which are the bottleneck for the use of ocean. By utilizing the ocean, which occupies about three-fourths of the earth's surface (about 70%), desalination of seawater and hydroelectric power generation can be realized.
It is possible to get out of the problem that it is difficult to secure the fuel required for desalination, so that the market of seawater desalination equipment can be expanded more and more, and it will be advantageous for the development of undeveloped areas where fuel is scarce. Because we can secure agricultural water, industrial water and drinking water,
It is possible to contribute to the food situation for the population increase of the world, and to promote the development of areas where it is difficult to secure agricultural water, industrial water, and drinking water. Become. Furthermore, in the present invention, by providing an incinerator inside the waterproof pressure-resistant equipment, it is possible to solve the pollution problem, and by the heat of burning dust and the like in the incinerator,
If fresh water is heated to warm water, it can be conveniently used as snow-melting water in snowy countries, and can also be used for heating purposes, which is advantageous even in extremely cold regions such as Siberia. Such incineration heat can turn water into steam and use it for power generation. ,

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Sea surface 2 ... Sea bottom 3 ... Waterproof pressure resistant equipment 4 ... Seawater desalination equipment 5 ... Seawater 6 ... Seawater intake 7 ... Route 8 ... Freshwater storage tank 9 ... Vertical shaft (water pressure pipe) 10 ... Water turbine 11 ... Generator 12 ... Main shaft 13 ... Hydroelectric power generation facility 14 ... Power transmission path 15 ... Power storage device (storage battery) 16 ...・ Underground 17 ... Water discharge pipe 18 ... Water supply pipe 19 ... Water storage tank 20 ... Water supply pipe 21 ... Filtration tank (filter) 22 ... Water storage tank 23 ... Water distribution pipe 24 ...・ Incinerator supply pipe 25 ・ ・ ・ Incinerator 26 ・ ・ ・ Distribution pipe 27 ・ ・ ・ Vertical shaft equipment 28 ・ ・ ・ Power transmission route 29 ・ ・ ・ Artificial island 30 ・ ・ ・ Seawater supply pipe 31 ・ ・ ・ Seawater pumping equipment 32 ... Nozzle 101 ... Disc 102 ... Bucket

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Desalination in which seawater or lake water is taken from the seawater or lakewater intake of a waterproof pressure resistant equipment installed on the seabed or the bottom of the sea or lake, and the seawater or lake water is built into the waterproof pressure resistant equipment. Or by desalination and / or water purification by a water purification device, the water before and after the desalination and / or water purification is dropped inside the vertical shaft provided at the sea bottom or the lake bottom, and by a generator having a water wheel attached to the vertical shaft. A desalination / purification and hydroelectric power generation system using sea lake water, which is characterized by converting into electric energy. 2. An artificial island, floating island or platform is constructed in the sea or lake, and seawater or lake water is supplied to a desalination and / or water purification device built in the artificial island, floating island or platform, and the seawater is supplied. Alternatively, the lake water is desalinated and / or purified by the desalination and / or water purification device, and the hydropower is generated by the water that has fallen from the desalination and / or water purification device or the water before the desalination and / or water purification. A desalination / purification and hydroelectric power generation system using sea lake water, which is characterized by generating electricity. 3. A waterproof and pressure resistant equipment is installed on the seabed or the lake bottom of the sea or lake, seawater or lake water intake is provided in the waterproof and pressure resistant equipment, and a desalination and / or water purification device is built into the waterproof and pressure resistant equipment. , A vertical shaft is provided on the seabed or the bottom of the lake, a generator having a water turbine is attached to the vertical shaft, and the seawater of the waterproof pressure-resistant equipment or the seawater or lake water taken from the lake water intake is desalinated by the desalination and / or water purification device. A hydroelectric power generation and desalination apparatus using sea lake water, which is characterized by liquefying and / or purifying water and causing hydroelectric power generation with water before and after desalination and / or water purification. 4. An artificial island, a floating island or a platform is constructed in the sea or a lake, and a desalination and / or water purification apparatus is built in the artificial island, a floating island or a platform, and the desalination and / or water purification apparatus is provided. A hydroelectric power generation and desalination apparatus using sea lake water, characterized in that it incorporates a hydroelectric power generation facility capable of causing hydroelectric power generation by the water dropped from the water or the water before desalination and / or water purification.