JPH08312351A - Fuel injection type internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To aim at the secureness of a long injectable area in lowering any heat load to an injector by installing this injector in a cylinder side wall, and constituting a first distance ranging from this injector to a cylinder upper end, a second distance between a piston top circumferential part and this cylinder upper end and a third distance between the cylinder upper end and up to a ring groove with a specified relational expression en bloc. CONSTITUTION: The setting position of an injector 61 is constituted by means of a first I expression on the basis of a distance A ranging from a cylinder upper end 22b to the setting position, a distance L from the cylinder upper end 22b of up to a piston top circumferential part whenever a piston 26 is situated in a top dead center, and a distance RS, where a ring groove fitting at least one piston ring on the piston circumference is installed, and up to a lower end position of the ring groove from the cylinder upper end 22b whenever the piston 26 exists in a top dead center. Likewise, it is constituted by a second II expression on the basis of the distance RS of up to an exhaust port 44 from the cylinder upper end 22b. With this constitution, at the initial stage of an explosion stroke, any heat load to the injector 61 is reducible by the piston 26.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a fuel injection type internal combustion engine, for example, a combustion chamber is formed by a cylinder head, a cylinder body and a piston, a scavenging port and an exhaust port are formed in the cylinder body, and an injector is provided on a side wall of the cylinder. There is one that injects fuel into the combustion chamber.

As described above, there is a fuel injection type internal combustion engine in which an injector is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder. When the piston is located at the bottom dead center, the distance from the upper end of the cylinder to the outer periphery of the piston top is L. The nozzle position is above the exhaust port and 0.30L from the end surface of the cylinder.
The position is 0.70L.

This has the advantage that the durability of the injector is not deteriorated because the piston is covered with the piston in the early stage of the explosion process where the pressure is high and the heat load is large.

[0005]

By the way, the scavenging stroke,
Fuel is injected from the injector during the compression stroke, but in the above-mentioned conventional technique, the injector is covered by the piston at an early timing during the movement from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. This limits the injection period. For this reason,
Since a large amount of fuel is supplied during high-speed operation, an extra injector is required and injection with high pressure is required.

The present invention has been made in view of the above point, and the heat load to the injector is reduced by the piston in the early stage of the explosion stroke, and the fuel injection amount is sufficient regardless of the fuel injection period, that is, high pressure. An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection type internal combustion engine having a secure injector arrangement structure.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems and to achieve the object, the invention according to claim 1 forms a combustion chamber by a cylinder head, a cylinder body and a piston, In a fuel injection type internal combustion engine in which a scavenging port and an exhaust port are formed, an injector is provided on a side wall of a cylinder, and fuel is injected from the injector into the combustion chamber, a distance from the upper end of the cylinder to a mounting position is A, and a bottom dead center is set. When the distance from the cylinder upper end to the piston top outer circumference when the piston is positioned is L, a ring groove for fitting at least one piston ring is provided on the piston outer circumference, and when the piston is at the top dead center When the distance from the cylinder upper end to the lower end position of the ring groove is RS, RS <A <0.3L is specified. It is set to.

Further, in the fuel injection type internal combustion engine of the present invention as defined in claim 2, when the distance from the upper end of the cylinder to the exhaust port is ES, 0.35ES <A <0.65ES. There is.

[0009]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, by mounting the injector at a predetermined position, the heat load on the injector is reduced by the piston at the beginning of the explosion stroke.
In addition, it is possible to secure a longer jettable range than the conventional one.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the injector is attached at a predetermined position based on the distance from the upper end of the cylinder to the exhaust port, so that the heat load to the injector is reduced by the piston at the initial stage of the explosion stroke. In addition, it is possible to secure a longer injection possible range than the conventional one.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A fuel injection type internal combustion engine of the present invention will be described below. 1 to 6 show an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on an outboard motor, and FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration mainly for one cylinder of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on an outboard motor. FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a flow chart of fuel and air for cylinder side wall injection, FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upper part of one cylinder of a fuel injection internal combustion engine, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the exhaust system, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 indicates a ship which is a vehicle, and an arrow Fr indicates the forward direction of the ship 1. In addition, the left and right described below means the direction toward the front. The ship 1 has a hull 2, and an outboard motor 3 is detachably attached to the stern of the hull 2. The outboard motor 3 is composed of a bracket 4 attached to the stern and an outboard motor body 6 pivotally supported by a pivot shaft 5 (arranged horizontally at right angles to the Fr direction) with respect to the bracket 4. There is. The outboard motor body 6 includes a power transmission device 8, and the power transmission device 8 includes a transmission case 9 that forms an outer shell of the power transmission device 8 and a transmission mechanism that is housed in the transmission case 9.
With respect to a swivel bracket 6a that constitutes an outboard motor body 6 that is pivotally supported by a pivot shaft 5 with respect to the bracket 4, a transmission that is swingable in the left-right direction by a pivot shaft (not shown) that is arranged in a substantially vertical direction. Case 9 is pivotally supported. Further, the outboard motor main body 6 has a two-cycle engine 10 which is a fuel injection type internal combustion engine. The engine 10 is detachably attached to the upper end of the transmission case 9, and the lower portion is covered with a cover 11a.
The upper part is covered with a cover 11b so as to be openable and closable. The transmission case 9 extends downward into the water, and a shaft (not shown) extending rearward is supported at the lower end of the transmission case 9, and a propeller 14 is attached to the shaft. The propeller 14 is connected to the output portion of the engine 10 via the transmission mechanism of the power transmission device 8 so as to interlock with each other. In addition, 13 is an exhaust passage for guiding the exhaust to the propeller.

The engine 10 is provided with a plurality of (three) cylinders including a first cylinder 16, a second cylinder 17, and a third cylinder 18,
These are stacked one above the other. The engine 10
A common crankcase 19 and a cylinder body 22 are provided for each of the cylinders 16 to 18, and a vertically oriented crankshaft 20 having a substantially vertical axis is accommodated in a joint portion between the crankcase 19 and the cylinder body 22. The shaft 20 is supported by the crankcase 19 and the cylinder body 22 so as to be rotatable around their axes. Crankcase 1
The cylinder body 22 of each of the cylinders 16 to 18 is integrally attached to the rear portion of the cylinder 9. Further, the cylinder head 23 is attached to the protruding end of each of the cylinder bodies 22.
Is detachably attached. Cylinder body 22
They are integrated with each other to form a cylinder block 24, and the cylinder heads 23 are also integrated with each other.

Each cylinder body 22 has a cylinder hole 25 in which the axial center extends parallel to each other in the front-rear direction, and a piston 26 is slidably fitted in the front-rear direction in the cylinder hole 25. Each of these pistons 26
Each of them is connected to the crankshaft 20 by a connecting rod 27. The space surrounded by the cylinder head 23 and the piston 26 in the cylinder hole 25 corresponds to the “in-cylinder”, and the “in-cylinder” in which the piston 26 is close to the cylinder head 23 to some extent serves as the combustion chamber 29. Cylinder head 2
3 includes one spark plug 3 corresponding to each combustion chamber 29.
0 is attached, and the discharge unit 3 of each of these spark plugs 30 is attached.
1 faces the combustion chamber 29. The cylinder block 24 and the crankcase 19 are provided for each cylinder in the crank chamber 19a.
Is formed.

Three intake ports 33 are formed on the front surface of the crankcase 19 so as to communicate with the respective crank chambers 19a, and the reed valves 34 are provided in the intake ports 33, respectively.
Is attached. Further, on the front surface of these reed valves 34, an intake manifold 35, a throttle body 36 accommodating a throttle valve 36a, and an intake silencer 3 are provided.
7 are arranged in sequence. Further, an inlet pipe 38 opening rearward is attached to the upper end of the intake silencer 37, and the outside air is sucked from the cowling opening 510. Inlet pipe 38, intake silencer 37, throttle body 3
6, the intake manifold 35 and the reed valve 34 are communicated with each other by the intake passages 39 provided inside thereof, and the intake passages 39 are communicated with the intake port 33. Each throttle body 36
The throttle levers 36b provided in the above are connected to each other by the interlocking means 40, and when the operator operates the operation part, the throttle levers 36b and the throttle valve 36a are synchronized with each other through the interlocking means 40 to perform the same opening / closing operation. It is like this.

In the cylinder body 22 around each cylinder hole 25, a scavenging passage 41 is formed for each cylinder hole 25. The scavenging passage 41 has the cylinder hole 2
The two main scavenging passages 41a having the scavenging port 41a1 opening to 5 and one auxiliary scavenging passage 41b having the scavenging port 41b1 are formed, and the scavenging ports 41a1 of the main scavenging passage 41a are formed at opposite positions, Sub-scavenging passage 4
The scavenging port 41b1 of 1b is formed at a position facing the exhaust port 44. Each of these scavenging passages 41 communicates the inside of the crankcase 19 with the combustion chamber 29.

An exhaust manifold 42 is attached to the left side of the cylinder block 24.
One end side of the first exhaust passage 43 in 2 is branched into a plurality (three), and the exhaust port 44 formed in each cylinder body 22.
It opens to each combustion chamber 29 through. On the other hand, the exhaust guide 46 is provided between the cylinder block 24 and the transmission case 9.
And a second exhaust passage 47 in the exhaust guide 46.
And the other end side of the first exhaust passage 43 are communicated with each other. A third exhaust passage 48 is formed in the transmission case 9, one end of the third exhaust passage 48 communicates with the second exhaust passage 47, and the other end is a cylindrical exhaust passage 13, which is an exhaust passage in the propeller 14. And an end portion of this exhaust passage is opened in the water as a discharge port 506.

The engine 10 includes a water-cooling type cooling device 50.
Is provided. The cooling device 50 includes a first cooling water jacket 51 formed in the cylinder head 23 and the cylinder block 24, a second cooling water jacket 52 formed in the exhaust manifold 42, and an exhaust gas so as to surround the second exhaust passage 47. The transmission case 9 surrounds the third cooling water jacket 53 formed in the guide 46 and the third exhaust passage 48.
And a fourth cooling water jacket 54 formed in the above. The cooling water jackets 51 to 54 are in communication with each other directly or through a plurality of cooling water communication passages 55.
The lower end of the fourth cooling water jacket 54 communicates with the downstream side of the third exhaust passage 48.

A water pump for supplying cooling water 56 such as seawater to the first cooling water jacket 51 is provided, and the cooling water 5
Reference numeral 6 denotes an exhaust manifold outer peripheral portion 51a in the first cooling water jacket 51, a second cooling water jacket 52, a cylinder upper outer peripheral portion 51b in the first cooling water jacket 51, the cylinder head portion 51c, and 53, 54. Each cooling water jacket is sequentially passed through, and the water is drained into the water through the downstream end of the third exhaust passage 48.
-The 3rd cylinder 16-18 is cooled.

The engine 10 is provided with a fuel supply device 60 for supplying the fuel 59. The fuel supply device 60 has a plurality of (three) injectors 61 corresponding to the first to third cylinders 16 to 18, and each injector 61 is detachably attached to the cylinder side wall 22 a of the cylinder body 22. The injectors 61 are arranged so that the fuel 59 is appropriately introduced from the cylinder side wall 22a into the combustion chamber 29.
Inject. Each injector 61 sucks the fuel 59 stored in the fuel tank 63 arranged in the hull 2 and supplies it to the vapor separator 67, which is a fuel pool (small tank) in the outboard motor 3, inside the crank chamber 19a. The first fuel pump 64 that operates due to fluctuations, and the second fuel pump 6 that pressurizes and supplies the fuel 59 of the vapor separator 67.
And 5 are provided in series.

A primary pump 600 is arranged between the fuel tank 63 and the first fuel pump 64, and the primary pump 600 and the first fuel pump 64 are connected to the hose side connector 6.
01 and the cowling side connector 602.
The primary pump 600 is for manually feeding fuel before starting.

A fuel filter 66 and a vapor separator 67 are provided in series between the first fuel pump 64 and the second fuel pump 65. Vapor separator 6
7 is provided with a needle valve 603 and a float 604, and when the fuel 59 in the vapor separator 67 is low and the float 604 is below a predetermined level, the needle valve 6
03 is opened, and the fuel 59 is supplied from the fuel tank 63 side. The fuel 59 is supplied to each injector 61 via the fuel delivery pipe 605 by the second fuel pump 65. The fuel delivery pipe 605 has a fuel 59 supplied to the injector 61.
A pressure regulator 69 that adjusts the pressure of the second fuel pump 65 to a predetermined pressure is provided.
It is returned to the upstream vapor separator 67. The vapor separator 67 separates fine bubble-like fuel vapor or mixed air in the fuel.

Each injector 61 is of an electromagnetic type, and when it is electrically turned on (or off), the fuel 59 is injected into the combustion chamber 29 only during that period.
Of this fuel supply device 60, only the hose side connector 601 from the fuel tank 63 is arranged inside the hull 2, and the other components constitute the outboard motor 3.

In FIG. 1, an engine control device 73 for controlling the engine 10 is provided. The engine control device 73 includes an electronic control device body 74, and each spark plug 30, which functions as an actuator, the injector 61, and the second fuel pump 65 are electrically connected to the control device body 74. A flywheel magnet 75 is attached to the upper end of the crankshaft 20. The flywheel magneto 75 supplies power to the control device body 74 directly or via a battery.

Various sensors for detecting the driving state of the engine 10 are provided, and all of these are electrically connected to the controller main body 74. That is, as a sensor, a crank angle sensor 76 for detecting a reference crank angle and a rotation angle of the crank shaft 20, a crank case internal pressure sensor 77 for detecting a pressure in the crank case 19, and a pressure of any one of the cylinders 16-18. In-cylinder pressure sensor 78, a knock sensor 79 that detects the state of the cylinders 16 to 18, an intake temperature sensor 80 that detects the temperature in the intake passage 39, and a throttle opening sensor 81 that detects the opening of the throttle body 36. Is provided. An intake pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the intake passage 39 may be provided.

A cylinder temperature sensor 82 for detecting the temperature of one cylinder body 22, a back pressure sensor 83 for detecting the upstream pressure in the third exhaust passage 48, an atmospheric pressure sensor 84 for detecting the atmospheric pressure, and a cooling. Cooling water temperature sensor 85 for detecting the temperature of water 56, forward movement of power transmission device 8, neutral,
A shift sensor 86 for detecting a shift operation or a gear shift state during reverse movement, and a trim angle sensor 87 for detecting a vertical rotation position of the outboard motor 3 around the pivot 5 are provided.

Further, each cylinder 16-18, O ₂ sensor 90 is provided, the O ₂ sensor 90 is a sensor Osamu Room 9
1, the piston 26 descends and the cylinder side wall 22
When passing through the relief valve hole 92 of a, the relief valve 93 is opened by the combustion gas pressure, and the combustion gas enters the sensor collection room 91. The O ₂ sensor 90 detects the O ₂ concentration in the exhaust gas and calculates the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 29 based on this. The exhaust gas in the sensor housing chamber 91 passes through the check valve 94 and exits into the first exhaust passage 43. The engine 10 also includes a starter 9
5 and an oil tank 96 are provided.

When the piston 26 moves from the bottom dead center position on the crankshaft 20 side to the combustion chamber 29 side in sequence in each of the first to third cylinders 16 to 18 when the engine 10 is driven, the scavenging passage 41 is formed by the piston 26. Scavenging ports 41a1, 41b1 and the exhaust port 4 of the first exhaust passage 43
4 and 6 are sequentially closed. Also, like this, the piston 2
When 6 moves to the combustion chamber 29 side, the crank chamber 19a in the crankcase 19 becomes negative pressure. Then, the reed valve 3
4, intake passage 39 in intake port 33, intake manifold 35, throttle body 36, and intake silencer 37
Gradually becomes negative pressure, and the outside air 97 as air is sucked into the intake passage 39 from the intake port 33, and the crankcase 19
It is sucked into the internal crank chamber 19a. This is the "inhalation process".

On the other hand, the scavenging port 41a of the scavenging passage 41
If the piston 26 further moves to the combustion chamber 29 side after the 1, 41b1 and the exhaust port 44 of the first exhaust passage 43 are closed, the air-fuel mixture that has already been sucked into the combustion chamber 29 is compressed. . This is the "compression process".

Immediately before the piston 26 reaches the top dead center, the discharge of the discharge part 31 of the spark plug 30 controlled by the engine control device 73 ignites and burns the air-fuel mixture to expand the gas. After the piston 26 exceeds the top dead center, it is pushed back to the crankshaft 20 side. This is the "explosion process".

The movement of the piston 26 toward the crankshaft 20 pre-compresses the air sucked into the crank chamber 19a in the crankcase 19. The reed valve 34 is closed by the pressure at this time. Piston 26
The exhaust port 44 is first opened while the vehicle moves toward the crankshaft 20. Then, the exhaust 100, which is the burned gas of the air-fuel mixture, is discharged through the exhaust port 44 through the exhaust port 44. This is the "exhaust process".

Then, the exhaust 100 has a first exhaust passage 43,
It is discharged into the water through the second exhaust passage 47, the third exhaust passage 48, and the exhaust passage 13 sequentially. In this case, the cooling water 56 after cooling the cylinders 16 to 18 passes through the fourth cooling water jacket 54 and the cooling water communication passage 55, and is discharged into the water together with the exhaust 100.

When the piston 26 moves toward the crankshaft 20 and the exhaust port 44 is opened, the scavenging passage 41 is subsequently opened. Then, as described above, the intake air that has been pre-compressed in the crankcase 19 is caused to flow into the combustion chamber 29 through the scavenging passage 41, and this intake air partially removes the burned gas remaining in the combustion chamber 29. The combustion chamber 29 is filled with air while being pushed out into the first exhaust passage 43. This is the "scavenging process". Since the scavenging process starts in the middle of the exhaust process and the exhaust process ends in the middle of the scavenging process,
The two processes are collectively called a scavenging process. Then, after this, the piston 26 returns to the bottom dead center position. Then, fuel is injected from the injector 61 during the period from the middle of the scavenging process to the beginning of the compression process.

In this case, the combustion chamber 2 passes through the scavenging passage 41.
Some of the air that has flowed into 9 is blown to the side of the first exhaust passage 43, which is mixed with the burnt gas and is exhausted as the exhaust 100. On the other hand, the burnt gas remaining without being discharged is mixed with the fresh air, and in this state, the piston 26 again moves to the combustion chamber 29.
After that, the crankshaft 20 is rotated by repeating the above steps. Note that the fuel injection is performed after the timing when the blow-through has stopped. The engine 10 outputs power through the crankshaft 20, and the power is transmitted via the power transmission device 8 to the propeller 14
To rotate the ship 1, which is a driven body, so that the ship 1 can travel.
The first cylinder 16, the second cylinder 17, and the third cylinder 18 are driven in this order with a phase difference of 120 ° in crank angle.

In FIG. 3, the piston 26 is the sleeve 5
20 is slidably provided on the piston 26, and the piston 26 has a first
Ring groove 26a and second ring groove 26b are formed vertically, and the first piston ring 521 is engaged with the first ring groove 26a and the second piston ring 522 is engaged with the second ring groove 26b. There is. An injector 61 is provided on the cylinder side wall 22a via a cap 523, and the front side and the rear side of the cap 523 are respectively seal bodies 524 and
It is sealed at 525. A tip portion 61a of the injector 61 is formed on the sleeve 520 and arranged so as to face the opening 520a, and the mounting position of the injector 61 is set as follows.

When the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the mounting position is A and the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the piston top outer circumference when the piston 26 is located at the bottom dead center is L, at least 1 is set on the piston outer circumference. When a ring groove for fitting two piston rings is provided and the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the lower end position of the ring groove when the piston 26 is at the top dead center is RS, in this embodiment, the piston 26 is top dead. The first ring groove 2 into which the first piston ring 521 is fitted from the cylinder upper end 22b when the point is at the point
When the distance to the lower end position of 6a is RS, RS <A <0.3L.

When ES is the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the exhaust port 44, 0.35ES <A <0.65ES.

In this way, the injector 6 is placed at the predetermined position.
By attaching 1, while reducing the heat load on the injector by the piston 26 at the beginning of the explosion stroke,
In addition, it is possible to secure a longer jettable range than the conventional one.

Further, upper and lower two fuel injections are performed from the injector 61, and the downward injection flow X is injected mainly toward the piston top portion 26c which is rising from the bottom dead center of the piston 26 to the top dead center. The upward injection flow Y is directed to the spark plug 30 and fuel injection is performed. The downward injection flow X cools the piston top portion 26c, and the fuel itself is promoted to be vaporized. However, when only the downward injection flow X is provided, the vicinity of the ascending piston top portion 26c becomes a rich mixture, and the upper portion of the combustion chamber 29 becomes a rare mixture. The upward jet Y is in the combustion chamber 2
9 has the effect of making the entire air-fuel mixture as uniform as possible, and enables smooth combustion.

Particularly, at the time of starting and in the low load region, the piston temperature is low, the throttle valve is throttled, and the in-cylinder flow is small, so that only one of the X and Y injection flows makes the entire combustion chamber 29 uniform. Mixtures are possible. However, since a uniform air-fuel mixture is formed by both injection flows X and Y, smoother combustion is possible.

Further, the upward injection flow Y surely forms a combustible mixture around the ignition plug 30 at the time of starting, so that the startability is improved.

The flow rates of the jet flows X and Y are 10 to 30.
m / s.

The injector 61 is a sub-scavenging port 41b1.
Located closer to the cylinder head 23, the downward jet X
Is directed toward the exhaust port 44 and the piston top portion 26c, and after the exhaust port 44 is closed by the piston 26, the piston top portion 26c is reliably contacted with the piston top portion 26c.
Heat is exchanged at c.

The injection start timing is set so that the exhaust port 44 is closed before the tip of the downward injection flow X reaches the exhaust port 44. The tip end surface of the jet line of the downward jet flow X is indicated by X1. In the case where all of the downward jet flow X hits the piston top portion 26c before the piston 26 closes the exhaust port 44, the tip of the jet flow after rebounding is the exhaust port 4
The exhaust port 44 is closed before reaching 4, and the injection start timing is set in this way.

Thus, the injector 61 is arranged as follows.
The injection position is closer to the cylinder head 23 than in the prior art, and the injection flies a longer distance. During this time, the fuel exchanges heat with the thermal atmosphere in the combustion chamber 29 and the piston top 2
Heat can be exchanged even before it collides with 6c or the like.

Further, in FIG. 4, the fuel distribution pipe 530 to the injector 61 is parallel to the plane connecting the central axes of the plurality of cylinders, and the injector 61 is arranged at the same position in all the three cylinders 16-18. ing.

Alternatively, the lower cylinder may have the injector 61 arranged lower (closer to the crank chamber). The lower the position where the injector 61 is arranged, the larger the thermal load becomes, so that the piston 26 is covered for a long time in the combustion stroke. On the other hand, in at least the uppermost cylinder 16, the position of the injector 61 is RS <A <0.3L, and 0.
35ES <A <0.65ES.

Further, the direction in which the sub scavenging port 41b1 and the exhaust port 44 are connected is inclined, and the injector 61 is also inclined, so that the cylinder pitch P can be narrowed while avoiding the interference of the main scavenging ports 41a1 of the adjacent cylinders.

7 to 10 show an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle, FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle, and FIG. 8 is a fuel. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the injection type internal combustion engine, FIG. 9 is a view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine seen from the rear, and FIG. 10 is a flow chart of fuel and air for cylinder side wall injection.

Reference numeral 201 in the drawing denotes a motorcycle which is an example of a vehicle and is a saddle-ride type vehicle, and an arrow Fr indicates the front in the traveling direction. Further, the left and right, which will be described later, refer to the direction toward the front. Reference numeral 202 denotes a road surface on which the motorcycle 1 can travel. The motorcycle 20l has a vehicle body 203 which is a vehicle body. In addition, the vehicle body 203 is a vehicle body frame 204, which is the stationary side of the vehicle body.
have. The body frame 204 has a head pipe 205 at a front end thereof, and a pair of left and right main frames 206 extends rearward and downward from the head pipe 205, and further extends rearward and downward from respective extended ends of the respective main frames 206. The sheet pillar tubes 207 extend toward the respective sides. On the other hand, the down tubes 208 extend rearward and downward from the front lower surfaces of the main frames 206, and the extending ends of the down tubes 208 and the sheet pillar tubes 207 are coupled to each other. .

A seat rail 210 extends rearward and upward from the rear portion of each main frame 206, and the seat rail 210 is supported by a seat pillar tube 207 by a pair of left and right back stays 211. The portion where the back stays 211 and the seat pillar tubes 207 are joined together is a rear arm bracket 212.
A front fork 214 is rotatably supported on the head pipe 205. A front wheel 215 is supported on the lower end of the front fork 214, and a front fender 216 that covers the front wheel 215 from above is provided. The front fender 216 is fixed to a middle portion of the front fork 214 in the vertical direction. On the other hand, a handle 217 is attached to the upper end of the front fork 214.

A rear arm 219 is pivotally supported on the rear arm bracket 212 by a pivot shaft 218 so as to be vertically swingable. A rear wheel 220 is supported on the swinging end of the rear arm 219, and a shock absorber 221 is installed between the seat rail 210 and the rear arm 219. Main frame 206,
Seat pillar tube 207 and down tube 20
An engine 223, which is a fuel injection type internal combustion engine, is provided in a space surrounded by 8, that is, in the frame of the vehicle body frame 204. The engine 223 is a two-cycle engine and includes a crankcase 224 and the crankcase 22.
4 has a cylinder 225 projecting forward and upward, and is detachably supported by the vehicle body frame 204 by a fastener. A power transmission device 226 is provided on the rear surface of the crankcase 224.
The rear wheels 220 are connected to the output side of the power transmission device 226 by a chain transmission mechanism 227.

The reed valve 22 is provided on the rear surface of the cylinder 225.
8, intake manifold 229 and intake silencer 23
1 are serially provided in this order. Intake manifold 22
A throttle valve 271 for controlling the intake air amount is arranged at 9. A throttle pulley 272 provided on a shaft 271a of the throttle valve 271 is connected to a throttle grip 274 via a throttle wire 273, and the throttle grip 274 is operated to open and close the throttle valve 271. The throttle grip 274 is provided on the handle 217, and an accelerator position sensor 275 that detects the operation amount of the throttle grip 274 is provided.

One end of an exhaust pipe 233 is connected to the front surface of the cylinder 225, the other end of the exhaust pipe 233 extends rearward through the lower side of the down tube 208, and an exhaust muffler 234 is connected to the rear end thereof. Is exhausted from the discharge port 234a.

A fuel tank 235 is supported on the main frame 206. On the other hand, a seat 236 is supported by the seat rail 210. A side cover 237 is provided to cover the rear portion of the vehicle body 203 from each side thereof. When the engine 223 is driven, its power is transmitted through the power transmission device 226, the chain transmission mechanism 227, etc.
When transmitted to 20, the motorcycle 201 is allowed to travel forward on the road surface 202.

The engine 223 has the first to third cylinders 261.
~ 263, and the crankcase 22 of the engine 223
A crankshaft 241 is housed in a crank chamber 240 inside the crankshaft 240, and the crankshaft 241 is rotatably supported by a crankcase 224 about its axis. Engine 22
The third cylinder 225 has a cylinder body 243 having a cylinder hole 242 whose axial center is substantially vertical, and a cylinder head 244 attached to the projecting end of the cylinder body 243. Piston 2 in cylinder hole 242
45 is slidably fitted in the axial direction, and the piston 24
Reference numeral 5 is connected to the crankshaft 241 by a connecting rod 246.

When the piston 245 approaches the cylinder head 244 to some extent, the space surrounded by the cylinder head 244 and the piston 245 in the cylinder hole 242 becomes the combustion chamber 248. A spark plug 249 is attached to the cylinder head 244, and a discharge portion of the spark plug 249 faces the combustion chamber 248. An intake port 251 is formed in the upper rear portion of the crankcase 224, and a reed valve 228 communicates with the intake port 251. The crank chamber 24 is provided in the cylinder body 243 around the cylinder hole 242.
A scavenging passage 252 that communicates 0 with the combustion chamber 248 is formed, and a portion of the scavenging passage 252 that opens toward the combustion chamber 248 is a scavenging port 252a. Also,
An exhaust port 254 that connects the combustion chamber 248 to the exhaust passage 253 in the upstream end that is the front end of the exhaust pipe 233 is formed in the front portion of the cylinder body 243.

The engine 223 has first to third cylinders 261 to 261.
263 has a plurality of (three) injectors 264, and each of these injectors 264 has a cylinder body 2
It is detachably attached to the cylinder side wall 243a of 43. These injectors 264 are attached to the cylinder side wall 2
43a toward the inside of the combustion chamber 248, the fuel tank 235
Inject the fuel supplied from. The structure, the mounting position, the injection direction, and the injection timing of the injector 264 are the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

The fuel cock 2 is provided below the fuel tank 235.
90 is provided, and the fuel filter 29 is attached to the fuel cock 290.
1, the fuel supply pump 292, and the fuel delivery pipe 293 are sequentially connected, and fuel is supplied from the fuel delivery pipe 293 to each injector 264 via the fuel distribution pipe 296. The fuel delivery pipe 293 is provided with a pressure regulator 294 that adjusts the pressure of the fuel supplied to the injector 264 to a predetermined pressure, and excess fuel returns to the fuel tank 235 by the pressure regulator 294 and the return fuel passage 295. At the rear of the cylinder body 243, in the space Z between the upper part of the intake manifold 229 and the lower part of the fuel tank 235, the space Z is used to utilize the fuel distribution pipe 29.
6 and the injector 264 are arranged, and can be miniaturized,
Moreover, interference with other members is prevented, and the injector 264 and the fuel distribution pipe 296 can be protected.

The spark plug 249 is an electronic ignition circuit 25.
6 is electrically connected, and this ignition circuit 256 is connected to an electronic engine control device 257. A crank angle detection sensor 258 for detecting the crank angle of the crank shaft 241 is provided.
8 is also connected to the engine control device 257.

When the engine 223 is driven, the piston 24
5 moves from the bottom dead center position on the crankshaft 241 side (shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 8) to the combustion chamber 248 side, the piston 24
5, the scavenging port 252a and the exhaust port 254 are closed in this order. Further, when the piston 245 moves to the combustion chamber 248 side, the inside of the crank chamber 240 becomes negative pressure. Then, the outside air 259, which is air, is sucked through the intake silencer 231 and becomes the intake air 260.

Next, the intake 260 is replaced by the intake manifold 22.
9 and the reed valve 228, and is sucked into the crank chamber 240. This is the "inhalation process".

On the other hand, the scavenging port 252a and the exhaust port 2
If the piston 245 further moves to the combustion chamber 248 side after 54 and 54 are closed, the fuel already injected by the injector 264 into the combustion chamber 248 or the fuel injected during this process is vaporized and becomes air. The air-fuel mixture formed by mixing is compressed. This is the "compression process".

Immediately before the piston 245 reaches the top dead center,
At the desired crank angle detected by the crank angle detection sensor 258, that is, at the desired ignition timing, the discharge portion of the ignition plug 249 is discharged by the output signal from the ignition circuit 256 controlled by the engine control device 257. To do.
Then, the air-fuel mixture is ignited and burned to expand the gas,
As a result, after the piston 245 crosses the top dead center,
It is pushed back to the crank chamber 240 side. This is the "explosion process".

The movement of the piston 245 toward the crank chamber 240 pre-compresses the air sucked into the crank chamber 240. The reed valve 228 is closed by the pressure in the crank chamber 240 at this time.

While the piston 245 is moving to the crank chamber 240 side, first, the exhaust port 254 is opened. Then, the burnt gas of the air-fuel mixture is discharged as exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 248 through the exhaust port 254 and the exhaust port 254. This is the "exhaust process". Then, the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside through the exhaust passage 253 in the exhaust pipe 233.

When the piston 245 moves to the crank chamber 240 side and the exhaust port 254 is opened, the scavenging port 252a is subsequently opened. Then, the crank chamber 24
The air that has been pre-compressed in 0 is introduced into the combustion chamber 248 through the scavenging passage 252, and this air is transferred to the combustion chamber 248.
A part of the burnt gas remaining in the exhaust gas is pushed out to the exhaust port 254, and the combustion chamber 248 is filled with air. This is the "scavenging process". This "scavenging process" is the piston 2
After 45 returns to the bottom dead center position, it again moves to the top dead center position and continues until just before closing the exhaust port 252a. Fuel is injected from the injector 264 from the middle of the "scavenging process" to the beginning of the "compression process" until the piston 245 closes the injector 264.

From the above state, the piston 245 again moves to the combustion chamber 248 side, and thereafter, each process is repeated and the crankshaft 241 is rotated. This crankshaft 24
The engine 223 outputs power through 1 and this power is
The power is transmitted to the rear wheel 220 via the power transmission device 226, the chain transmission mechanism 227, and the like.

An exhaust timing adjusting device 279 is provided which adjusts the exhaust timing when exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber 248 to the exhaust port 254 and improves engine performance. The exhaust timing adjusting device 279 has an exhaust timing adjusting valve 390 provided on the upper side of the exhaust port 254. This exhaust timing adjustment valve 39
At 0, the upper opening of the exhaust port 254 is opened and closed, and the position of the upper opening edge of the exhaust port 254 is variable in the vertical direction. It is an actuator 265 such as a servomotor that operates the exhaust timing adjusting valve 390, and this actuator 265 is connected to the engine control device 257.

The engine speed sensor 2 for detecting the speed of the engine 223, that is, the speed of the crankshaft 241.
67 is provided, and the engine speed sensor 267 is connected to the engine control device 257.

When it is determined by the detection signal of the engine speed sensor 267 that the engine 223 is in the high speed range, the exhaust timing adjusting valve 39 is operated by the operation of the actuator 265 controlled by the engine controller 257.
0 is opened so that the upper opening edge of the exhaust port 254 is located above. Then, the exhaust timing becomes earlier, which improves the engine performance in the high speed range.

On the other hand, when it is determined that the engine 223 is in the middle or low speed range, the actuator 265 is closed, and the upper opening edge of the exhaust port 254 is positioned below. Then, the exhaust timing is delayed, which improves the engine performance in the middle and low speed ranges. At this low speed, the exhaust timing is delayed, but the injection start timing can be advanced by that amount, and in this case, premixed combustion can be performed more reliably. That is, when the injection start timing is delayed at low speed, the spread of the jet flow is narrow when the jet flow collides with the top of the piston. Therefore, by advancing the injection start timing, the injected fuel can collide with a wide range of the piston top, and the piston 245
The heat exchange property with can be improved.

The engine 223 has an exhaust valve opening adjustment device 2
80 is provided with an exhaust valve 281 that adjusts the opening degree of the exhaust passage 253 and suppresses the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 253 at low load or low speed. An actuator 282 such as a servo motor operates the exhaust valve 281, and the actuator 282 is connected to the control device 391.

Further, the engine 223 is equipped with a combustion chamber pressure sensor 300 and a knock sensor 301, and when the combustion chamber pressure sensor 300 raises the combustion chamber pressure above a predetermined level, the ignition timing is delayed. Also, the knock sensor 3
When knocking occurs at 01, vibration is detected and the ignition timing is delayed to prevent the occurrence of knocking. When knocking does not occur, the original ignition timing is restored.

Further, the engine 223 is provided with a crank chamber pressure sensor 302, an intake pipe pressure sensor 303, an intake pipe temperature sensor 304, an exhaust pipe pressure sensor 306, an exhaust pipe temperature sensor 307, and based on information from these sensors. The engine control device 257 controls the ignition timing, the injection timing, the injection period, the oil supply device 308, and the like.

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment in which the fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on the outboard motor, and is a cross-sectional view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine at the same position as in FIG. In this embodiment, a pair of injectors 61 are detachably attached to the cylinder side wall 22a of the cylinder body 22 of each of the first cylinder 16, the second cylinder 17, and the third cylinder 18 so as to face each other. In this embodiment, the first cylinder 16 and the second cylinder 1
A pair of injectors 61 is attached to each of the 7th cylinder and the third cylinder 18, but more injectors 61 may be attached, and the number of injectors 61 is not particularly limited, and at least one injector 61 is provided. It suffices if it is attached at a predetermined attachment position.

FIG. 12 shows another embodiment in which the fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle, and is a view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine at the same position as in FIG. 9 as seen from the rear. In this embodiment, the first cylinder 261, the second cylinder 262, and the third cylinder 2
A pair of injectors 264 are detachably attached to the cylinder side wall 243a of the cylinder body 243 of each cylinder. In this embodiment as well, a pair of injectors 264 is attached to each of the first cylinder 261, the second cylinder 262, and the third cylinder 263, as in the previous embodiment, but even if more injectors 264 are attached. Well, the injector 26
The number of 4 is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient that at least one injector 264 is mounted at a predetermined mounting position.

Next, the structure of the injector used in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 will be described. FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the injector, and FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the tip of the injector.

Each of the injectors 61 and 264 has an injector housing 350, a lid 351 is fitted to the rear end portion of the injector housing 350, and a core 353 having a coil 352 is arranged in the injector housing 350. ing. The lid 351 is covered with a resin cap 354, and the connector 35 of the cap 354 is covered.
4a is provided with a lead wire 355 connected to the core 353, and the lead wire 355 is connected to the drive power source side by the connector 354a. A pipe 356 is inserted into the lid 351 and the fuel supplied from the fuel inlet 351 a of the lid 351 is injected into the injector housing 35 via the pipe 356.
0 to the fuel chamber 357.

A needle housing 358 is fitted into the tip end portion of the injector housing 350 via a needle stopper 359, and is sealed by a seal body 360.
A nozzle 361 is fitted to the tip of the needle housing 358, an injection passage 361a is formed in the nozzle 361, and an upward ejection hole 361b and a downward ejection hole 361c are formed in communication with the ejection passage 361a.
The downward injection hole 36 is smaller than the diameter D1 of the upward injection hole 361b.
The diameter D2 of 1c is formed large, and the upward injection hole 361
A larger amount of fuel is injected from the downward injection hole 361c than b.

A needle 362 is movably arranged in the needle housing 358, and a movable body 363 is fixed to the needle 362. A fuel passage 362a is formed in the needle 362 by a notch, and the needle stopper 3
A fuel passage 359a is formed in the cutout 59, and a fuel passage 363a is also formed in the movable body 363. A compression spring 364 is arranged between the lid 351 and the movable body 363, and the compression spring 364 urges the needle 362 through the movable body 363 in a direction to always close the valve seat 358a of the needle housing 358, and thus the injection passage 36
1a is closed and fuel cannot be injected. Core 3
When power is applied to the coil 352 arranged at 53, the movable body 363 is attracted by the electromagnetic force of the coil 352 against the compression spring 364 and moves in the direction of opening the valve seat, opening the injection passage 361a and injecting fuel. Is performed. At this time, the stopper flange 362b formed on the needle 362
Comes into contact with the needle stopper 359 and its position is regulated.

The injectors 61 and 264 are pressure-regulated by the pressure regulating valve to 600 to 650 kPa, so that when the needle 362 presses the valve seat 358a, the fuel reservoir 358b in the needle housing 358 is stored. The fuel pressure is also 600 to 650 kilopascals. Needle 362
The further away from the valve seat 358a, the injectors 61, 26
The flow velocity in 4 increases, and the pressure drop causes a fuel pool 3
The pressure at 58b drops. Since the pressure of the fuel reservoir 358b further drops when passing between the needle 362 and the valve seat 358a, the fuel pressure of the injection passage 361a becomes about 1/2 of the pressure of the fuel reservoir 358b.

The pressure of the injection passage 361a and the combustion chamber 2
The fuel flows in the combustion chamber 2 at a flow velocity based on the pressure difference between the inner pressure and the inner pressure.
It is injected to 9, 248. The flow velocity at this time is 10 to 30.
The pressure drop or pressure regulating valve of each part is set so as to be about m / s, preferably about 20 m / s.

Next, the fuel injection timing of the injector will be described. FIG. 15 is a fuel injection timing chart.

In this fuel injection timing chart, the horizontal axis indicates the crank angle, and the open / close position of the exhaust port, the open / close position of the scavenging port and the mounting position of the injector are shown.
The vertical axis represents the engine speed, which indicates a low engine speed range, a medium engine speed range, and a high engine speed range.

The injector drive signal is shown by a solid line, and the upper stage shows a low load and the lower stage shows a high load. Also, the actual fuel injection of the injector is shown by a double line, and when the upper stage is under low load,
The lower row shows high load. Furthermore, the chain double-dashed line shows from the time when the tip of the injected fuel reaches the exhaust port from the injector. There is an injector motion delay between the injector drive signal and the actual fuel injection of the injector.

The fuel injection timing of the injector is different in the engine speed range, the actual injection start limit is indicated by the curve S, the actual injection limit is indicated by the straight line E, and the actual injection start limit curve S and the actual injection limit straight line E are used. The injectable range is set.

The length of the chain double-dashed line in the figure indicates the period (crank angle period) from the moment fuel is injected in each engine speed region to the time when the fuel flies in the combustion chamber and reaches the exhaust port. Shows. If the injection is started at a timing that rises up only for the flight period with reference to the exhaust port closure, blow-through can be prevented. The flight period at this time is indicated by a chain double-dashed line in the figure. The actual injection start limit S is obtained by connecting the injection start timings at which the blow-through can be prevented. When the piston reaches the injector mounting position, the piston covers the injector. This timing is the actual injection limit E
Therefore, the fuel cannot be supplied into the combustion chamber even if the injection is continued after a delay. The flight time becomes longer as the injection speed becomes slower, and becomes shorter as the piston position approaches the vertical exhaust port position. It should be noted that, even if the flight time is the same, in terms of the flight period at the crank angle, the lower the engine speed, the shorter the period becomes. The longer the flight time, the longer the time from the actual injection start limit to the actual injection limit,
Therefore, the fuel that can be injected can be increased during this time. In this embodiment, the injection speed is set to 10 to 30 m / s, and sufficient fuel can be supplied even under a high load.

In this embodiment, the actual injection is started at the actual injection start limit S in both the entire load range and the entire engine rotation range, and the actual injection is ended when the required fuel is completely injected. . By this amount, the fuel is injected prior to the ignition performed near the top dead center TDC, and a uniform air-fuel mixture can be formed. It should be noted that since the required fuel amount increases at the time of high load, the injection continues even after the exhaust port is closed. Further, at the time of low load low speed and / or at the time of starting, the actual injection start timing may be delayed and the actual injection may be ended by the actual injection limit E. As the actual injection start timing is delayed, a rich mixture that cannot be diffused and remains around the ignition plug at the time of ignition. Even in premixed combustion, where there is a premixed mixture in the combustion chamber at the time of ignition due to heat exchange with the top of the piston, combustion that is close to stratified combustion is possible and low-speed stability can be improved. Startability is improved. This is indicated by the double broken line in the figure.

[0090]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the invention, the distance from the cylinder upper end to the mounting position is A, and the distance from the cylinder upper end to the piston top outer periphery when the piston is located at the bottom dead center is set. When the distance is L, a ring groove for fitting at least one piston ring is provided on the outer circumference of the piston, and when the distance from the cylinder upper end to the lower end position of the ring groove when the piston is at the top dead center is RS, Since RS <A <0.3L and the injector was attached at a predetermined position, it is possible to reduce the heat load on the injector by the piston in the early stage of the explosion stroke and to secure a longer injection range than the conventional one. is there.

According to the second aspect of the invention, when ES is the distance from the cylinder upper end to the exhaust port, 0.35ES <A <0.65ES, and the predetermined value is based on the distance from the cylinder upper end to the exhaust port. Since the injector is attached at the position, it is possible to reduce the heat load on the injector by the piston in the early stage of the explosion stroke and to secure a longer injection possible range than the conventional one.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram mainly showing one cylinder of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on an outboard motor.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of fuel and air for cylinder side wall injection.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an upper portion of one cylinder of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an exhaust system.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle.

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 9 is a rear view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of fuel and air for cylinder side wall injection.

11 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine at the same position as FIG. 4, showing another embodiment in which the fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on the outboard motor.

FIG. 12 is a view showing another embodiment in which the fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle, and the fuel injection type internal combustion engine at the same position as in FIG. 9 is seen from the rear side.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of an injector.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the injector.

FIG. 15 is a fuel injection timing chart.

[Explanation of symbols]

22 Cylinder body 22a Cylinder side wall 23 Cylinder head 26 Piston 29 Combustion chamber 61 Injector A Distance from cylinder upper end 22b to mounting position L Distance from cylinder upper end 22b to piston top outer periphery when piston 26 is located at bottom dead center Cylinder top 2 when RS piston 26 is at top dead center
Distance from 2b to the lower end of the ring groove

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] December 19, 1995

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

FIG.

[Figure 3]

[Figure 4]

[Fig. 12]

[Fig. 2]

[Figure 5]

[Figure 6]

[Figure 7]

[Figure 8]

[Figure 9]

FIG. 11

FIG. 14

[Figure 10]

[Fig. 13]

FIG. 15

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A combustion chamber is formed by a cylinder head, a cylinder body and a piston, a scavenging port and an exhaust port are formed in the cylinder body, an injector is provided on a cylinder side wall, and fuel is injected from the injector into the combustion chamber. In the fuel injection type internal combustion engine, when the distance from the cylinder upper end to the mounting position is A, and the distance from the cylinder upper end to the piston top outer circumference when the piston is located at bottom dead center is L, the piston outer circumference When at least one piston ring is fitted with a ring groove, and the distance from the cylinder upper end to the lower end position of the ring groove when the piston is at top dead center is RS, RS <A <0.3L A fuel injection type internal combustion engine characterized in that 2. The fuel injection internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein when the distance from the upper end of the cylinder to the exhaust port is ES, 0.35ES <A <0.65ES.