JPH08262369A - Three-dimensional stereoscopic display and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To embody a beautiful color three-dimensional stereoscopic display in a short production period without using objects to be displayed and without requiring exposure equipment, development equipment and a light source at the time of reproduction. CONSTITUTION: This process for production of the three-dimensional stereoscopic display comprises producing the three-dimensional stereoscopic display by using sheet materials S which have the diffraction effect corresponding to small lens arrays S and condense parallel rays onto the plural points on the rear surfaces of these sheet materials when these parallel rays are made incident thereon. The process described above has a first stage for approximating the surface of the object P desired to be displayed with the sets of plural object points P1 to Pn and respectively calculating the diffraction positions Q11 to Qnm at the rear surfaces of the sheet materials of the time the spot light source light from the respective object points is assumed to be made incident on the sheet materials and a second stage for directly recording the color gradations corresponding to the respective object points in the respective positions of the rear surfaces of the sheet materials calculated in the first stage.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional three-dimensional display object capable of three-dimensionally displaying a three-dimensional three-dimensional object without auxiliary tools such as eyeglasses, and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a technique relating to three-dimensional stereoscopic display, a technique using a hologram is drawing attention.

In the display hologram method, which is one of the methods, an object itself to be displayed is prepared, and a light wave from an object called object light and a light wave from another direction called reference light are caused to interfere with each other, and the interference fringes have high resolution. Record on light-sensitive material. Then, three-dimensional stereoscopic display is performed by irradiating the developed photosensitive material with light from the same direction as the reference light.

In another method, a holographic stereogram method, an object to be displayed is imaged by a camera from a plurality of different directions, and the film is developed to record an object image for a plurality of frames. Get a row of photos. Each frame is irradiated with laser light while shifting the original image photograph row by frame, and the imaged object image is projected on the transmission diffusion screen. A hologram dry plate is arranged on the back surface of the transmissive diffusion screen, and the hologram dry plate is irradiated with reference light. Therefore, the interference fringes of the object light and the reference light transmitted through the transmission diffusion screen are recorded on the hologram dry plate. The interference image for one frame is recorded in a thin vertically long area on the hologram dry plate.
Since the hologram dry plate is slid and moved by the length corresponding to the narrow area for each frame, as a result, an object image corresponding to the image of the original image photograph row is recorded on the hologram dry plate. It will be. Therefore, after the hologram dry plate is developed, the hologram dry plate is irradiated with light in the same direction as the reference light, whereby a three-dimensional stereoscopic image corresponding to the imaged object can be reproduced. it can.

Further, there is an integral photography system as a technique relating to three-dimensional stereoscopic display other than holography. In this integral photography method, a compound eye lens (a group of extremely small lenses such as an insect compound eye lens) is arranged in front of a dry plate to image a subject.
As a result, one subject is imaged as a plurality of inverted images on the dry plate on the back surface thereof through the fine lens. Therefore, when this imaged dry plate is developed and then placed again on the back surface of the compound eye lens and illuminated from the back surface of the dry plate, the stereoscopic image is reproduced as a real image at the original position.

[0006]

However, in any of the above-mentioned methods, there are the following problems (1) It is necessary to prepare an object to be displayed for three-dimensional display. As a result, it becomes difficult to shoot objects with low reflectance (2) Exposure equipment such as laser is required (3) Development processing of photosensitive material is required (4) Positioning of object and optical system, exposure, There is a problem that the working time becomes long due to imaging, etc. (5) A light source is required for reproduction (6) It is difficult to make beautiful colors.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not use an object to be displayed, and does not require an exposure equipment, a development equipment, or a light source at the time of reproduction, and a beautiful three-dimensional color in a short manufacturing time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional stereoscopic display object that realizes stereoscopic display and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0008]

According to the present invention,
3D stereoscopic display is manufactured using a sheet material that has a diffractive action corresponding to the lenslet array and that collects the parallel light rays at a plurality of points on the rear surface of the sheet material when the parallel light rays are incident. In the method for producing a three-dimensional display object, the object surface desired to be displayed is approximated by a set of a plurality of object points, and it is assumed that point source light from each of these object points is incident on the sheet material, A first step for calculating the diffraction position on the rear surface of the material, and a second step for directly recording the color gradation corresponding to each object point at each position on the rear surface of the sheet material calculated in the first step. I am trying to prepare.

According to the invention, a sheet material having a diffractive action corresponding to the small lens array and condensing the parallel light rays at a plurality of points on the rear surface of the sheet material when the parallel light rays are incident is used. A three-dimensional display object is manufactured.

In manufacturing, the surface of the object desired to be displayed is approximated by a set of a plurality of object points, and it is assumed that the point light source light from each of these object points is incident on the sheet material.
The diffraction position on the rear surface of the sheet material is calculated. Next, the color gradation corresponding to each object point is directly recorded at each calculated position on the rear surface of the sheet material.

Further, according to the present invention, the sheet material having a diffractive action corresponding to the small lens array and condensing the parallel rays at a plurality of points on the rear surface of the sheet material when the parallel rays are incident. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display object is constructed by directly printing data for stereoscopically displaying a three-dimensional object on the rear surface.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which P
Is a three-dimensional object desired to be displayed, but in the present embodiment, the three-dimensional object P itself is not used for image pickup processing or the like for three-dimensional display and constitutes the surface of the three-dimensional object P. The three-dimensional coordinate value of the object point group is used for manufacturing the three-dimensional display object.

That is, the surface of a three-dimensional object P desired to be displayed is approximated by a set of a plurality of object points P1 to Pn, and three-dimensional coordinate data of each of these approximated object points in a predetermined XYZ coordinate system. Are prepared in advance. The three-dimensional coordinate data is prepared by actually measuring or calculating based on the design data.

In FIG. 1, S is a sheet-like small lens array (also called a compound eye lens or a fly's eye lens) in which a plurality of small lenses L1 to Lm having the same optical characteristics are densely arranged. As shown in FIG. 2, each of the lenses L1 to Lm has a function of condensing the incident light at a different point when a parallel light beam is incident along the optical axis direction thereof, and these lenses are collected. The small lens array S is designed so that the surface formed by the light spots matches the sheet rear surface F of the small lens array S.
The small lenses may be arranged in a square shape as shown in FIG. 3 (a) or may be arranged in a hexagonal shape as shown in FIG. 3 (b).

When a three-dimensional display object is manufactured using the small lens array S, the procedure shown in FIG. 4 is followed.

That is, the plurality of object points P1 to Pn that are approximate to the object to be displayed are considered as point light sources, and the light emitted from the plurality of point light sources P1 to Pn passes through each small lens of the small lens array S and the sheet. The position when reaching the rear surface F is calculated using the principle of light wave propagation (step 100).

That is, using the principle of geometrical optics, for example, assuming that the principal point of each small lens of the small lens array S is located at the position Z = 0, the three-dimensional coordinate of one object point P1 is (Xp1, Yp1, Zp1), the lens principal point position of one small lens L1 is (Xr1, Yr1, 0), and the focal length of each small lens is f, the focus position Q11 of the object point P1 by the small lens L1 ( Xq11, Yq11, -f) is expressed by the following equation.

Xq11 = Xr1− (f / Zp1) (Xp1−Xr1) (1) Yq11 = Yr1− (f / Zp1) (Yp1−Yr1) (2) Similarly, as shown in FIG. , Other lens L2 ~
The light collection positions Q12 to Q1m of the object point P1 by Lm are calculated. Further, the condensing positions Q21 to Q2m, ..., Qn1 to Qnm by the lenses L1 to Lm of the other object points P2 to Pn are calculated.

Next, the color gradations corresponding to the object points P1 to Pn are directly colored and recorded at the respective focusing positions Q11 to Qnm on the rear surface of the sheet obtained by the above calculation (step 110).
For example, although FIG. 5 shows the respective condensing points Q11 to Q1m of the object point P1, the same color gradation corresponding to the object point P1 is color-recorded for each condensing point Q11 to Q1m. . That is, the same color gradation corresponding to the corresponding object point is colored and recorded on each condensing point regarding the same object point.

Color recording methods include the following methods: (1) a method for applying ink to the back surface of the sheet by bringing an ink jet printer head close to each other; A method of locally melting or degrading the condensing points Q11 to Qnm for coloring, (3) applying heat-sensitive material in advance to the back surface of the sheet, and coloring each condensing point Q11 to Qnm locally. Method (4) Coloring by making a dent on the back surface of the sheet with a very thin pin.

As described above, the three-dimensional image corresponding to the three-dimensional object P can be obtained by observing the small lens array S on the sheet with the colored recording on the rear surface of the sheet from the direction A in FIG. It can be visually recognized at the current position of the three-dimensional object P, that is, as if it is protruding toward the front side.

In the example of FIG. 1, the three-dimensional object P to be displayed is displayed as if it is projected to the front side. However, the Z coordinate of the object P is made negative, and the first (1) above is set.
A three-dimensional object can be displayed on the back side of the sheet by performing the calculation of the equation (2).

Instead of the small lens array S, a hologram, a diffraction grating, or a Fresnel lens having the same optical characteristics as the small lens array S may be used.

When a hologram is used, the hologram is exposed so that the optical diffraction effect equivalent to that of the small lens array S is realized. If a hologram is used, the field of view can be easily controlled in any direction. Also,
If a hologram that uses a pressing technique such as an embossed hologram is used, the same hologram can be easily mass-produced.

When a light diffraction grating is used, a diffraction grating having the same light diffraction action as the small lens array S is formed on the sheet film. Even when the light diffraction grating or the Fresnel lens is used, the press technology enables the mass production of the lens sheet.

Further, in the above embodiment, the three-dimensional stereoscopic image is made visible by observing from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet S, but from the direction having a predetermined angle with respect to the surface of the sheet S. The visual field may be provided with directivity so that a three-dimensional stereoscopic image can be visually recognized when observed.

That is, when focusing on one small lens Li, the light emitted from that lens has a range of an angle 2θi determined by the focal length of the lens and the pupil diameter with the optical axis as the center, as shown in FIG. Since it is limited to (inverted cone),
The position where the displayed stereoscopic image can be observed is the angle range 2θ.
Only when the observer's eyes are inside i. Therefore, FIG.
When the optical axis ki of the small lens Li is tilted by an angle α with respect to the normal direction n of the sheet S as shown in FIG.
The visual field moves within the range of (θi + α) to − (θi−α), so that the visual field can be provided with directivity. In that case, as a matter of course, as shown in FIG. 8, parallel rays incident at an angle α with respect to the normal direction n intersect the line obtained by dropping the lens principal point position Ri perpendicularly to the surface of the sheet S and the sheet rear surface F. It is necessary to collect the light from the lens Li at the position Ti,
Such a lens can be easily manufactured by using a hologram.

Further, by making the sheet S flexible, the sheet S can be formed into a cylindrical shape or a conical shape as shown in FIG. 9, whereby a three-dimensional object can be observed from a 360-degree direction. A three-dimensional display object can be realized.

[0030]

As described above, according to the present invention,
When approximating the surface of the object desired to be displayed with a set of a plurality of object points and assuming that the point source light from each of these object points is incident on the sheet material having the diffraction effect corresponding to the small lens array, By calculating the diffraction position on the rear surface of the sheet material and directly recording the color gradation corresponding to each object point at each calculated position on the rear surface of the sheet material, a three-dimensional stereoscopic display object is produced. Therefore, the following effects are achieved.

(1) Since the coordinate data of the surface of the object is used without using the object itself to be displayed, the manufacturing time is shortened and the computer graphic data and the like can be used. Will be possible.

(2) Since the image corresponding to the three-dimensional three-dimensional image is printed directly on the back surface of the sheet, the exposure equipment, the developing equipment, the light source at the time of reproduction, etc. are not required, and the three-dimensional solid of a more beautiful color is obtained. Can be displayed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an optical action of a small lens array.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an arrangement mode of small lenses of a small lens array.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a manufacturing procedure of a three-dimensional stereoscopic display object.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an optical action of the small lens array.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a field of view of one lenslet array.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the field of view of the small lenses of the small lens array is provided with directivity.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the field of view of the small lenses of the small lens array is provided with directivity.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a cylindrical three-dimensional display object.

[Explanation of symbols]

 P ... 3D stereoscopic display S ... Small lens array

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Mizukami 1200 Manda, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Prefecture Komatsu Seisakusho Laboratory

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display using a sheet material having a diffractive action corresponding to a small lens array and condensing the parallel rays at a plurality of points on the rear surface of the sheet material when the parallel rays are incident. In a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional display object for manufacturing an object, an object surface desired to be displayed is approximated by a set of object points,
A first step of calculating diffraction positions on the rear surface of the sheet material, assuming that point source light from each of these object points is incident on the sheet material, and the sheet calculated in the first step. A second step of directly recording color gradations corresponding to the respective object points at respective positions on the rear surface of the material, and a method for producing a three-dimensional stereoscopic display object. 2. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional display object according to claim 1, wherein the sheet material is a hologram. 3. The sheet material is a diffraction grating.
A method for producing the described three-dimensional stereoscopic display object. 4. A rear surface of the sheet material, which has a diffractive action corresponding to the lenslet array and has a function of condensing the parallel light rays at a plurality of points on the rear surface of the sheet material when the parallel light rays are incident on the rear surface of the sheet material. A three-dimensional display object in which data for three-dimensionally displaying a three-dimensional object is directly printed.