JPH0752466B2 - Raster operation device and method - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a raster operation device and a method thereof, and more particularly to a novel raster operation device for performing a raster operation targeting a region of arbitrary shape. And its method.

<Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention> Conventionally, a bitmap type graphic display device has generally been provided with a raster operation function.

Due to the characteristics of the bitmap type graphic display device, this raster operation function is intended only for a rectangular area, and while reading a certain number of bits of source data from the rectangular source area, it is possible to read from the rectangular destination area. Also, a predetermined number of bits of destination data are read, raster operation is performed based on both read data to obtain desired data, and the obtained desired data is written again in the destination area.

By the way, the access to the sort area and the destination area is not performed pixel by pixel, but in order to achieve high-speed processing as a whole,
Since the preset number of pixels is used as a unit, it is rare that the boundary of each area and the boundary of the access data match, and normally both boundaries are different from each other. . In this situation, if you try to perform a raster operation, perform the tip alignment of the source data and the destination data, then perform the raster operation, and then perform the tip alignment to match the boundary of the destination area. After that, the writing process to the destination area is performed.

Therefore, the raster operation cannot be performed as it is with respect to an arbitrary polygonal area having a shape different from the rectangle.

However, when displaying a character font in an arbitrary position on an arbitrary image, if only the raster operation for the rectangular area can be performed as described above, the mismatch between the rectangular area and the character font area (character font storage area) There is an inconvenience that the original image data is not displayed for the background portion).

Further, in order to eliminate such an inconvenience, if a raster operation is performed on a polygonal area having an arbitrary shape, first, a predetermined rectangular area is secured in the work area, and the rectangular area is reserved. Raster operation is performed by writing data of an arbitrary shape to the raster area, the raster operation result data is read from the rectangular area in the work area, and masking is applied to the surplus area such as a polygon of an arbitrary shape. Write the raster operation result data only to the nation area.

As a result, it is possible to display a character font or the like on an arbitrary portion of an arbitrary image, and it is possible to reliably prevent the original image from being damaged by unnecessary data.

However, if a raster operation is performed on a polygonal area having an arbitrary shape in this way, not only a work area is required, but also many types of masks are required, which complicates the overall structure. In addition, there is a problem that the processing time becomes extremely long.

<Object of Invention> The present invention has been made in view of the above problems,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel raster operation device capable of performing a raster operation on a polygonal area having an arbitrary shape without using a work area.

<Means for Solving the Problem> A raster operation device of the present invention for achieving the above object has an area defining means, a sorting means, an edge data generating means, and a raster operation control means. There is.

The area defining means outputs the vertex data of the raster operation area, and the sorting means sorts the plurality of vertex data based on the coordinate values in the direction perpendicular to the scan line to determine the raster operation area. The edge data generating means detects the start point and the end point of the defined side, and the side data generating means generates coordinate data of a large number of points forming the side based on the detected start point and end point. The control means causes the raster operation only between the two points on the basis of the coordinate data of the points forming the sides facing each other in the scan line direction.

However, the area defining means outputs the vertex data in the order of clockwise direction or counterclockwise direction, and the sorting means uses the vertex data located at the end portion in the direction perpendicular to the scan line as the starting point data. It is preferable that the other vertex data is divided into two groups, and the vertex data of one group is rearranged in the reverse order of the output order. In this case, it is preferable that the side data generating means performs linear interpolation calculation on each sorted side with the end point on the side closer to the start point data as the start point and the end point on the other side as the end point.

Further, as the raster operation control means,
It is preferable that the raster operation is performed on a region between two points facing each other for each scan line.

Further, it is preferable to have a memory for holding coordinate data of a large number of points generated by the side data generating means and also for holding size data in a direction perpendicular to the scan line for each side.

To achieve the above object, a raster operation method of the present invention sorts a plurality of vertex data defining a raster operation area on the basis of coordinate values in a direction perpendicular to a scan line to thereby make a large number of edges mutually. In addition to dividing into side groups facing each other, the start point and the end point are detected for each side, coordinate data of many points existing between the detected start point and end point are generated, and they are opposed to each other in the scan line direction. This is a method in which the raster operation is performed only between the two points based on the coordinate data of the points forming the side.

<Operation> In the case of the raster operation device having the above configuration, the vertex data of the raster operation area is output from the area defining means, and this vertex data is supplied to the sorting means so that a plurality of vertex data are orthogonal to the scan line. Sorting is performed based on coordinate values in different directions, and the start and end points of the sides that define the raster operation area are detected.

Then, since the side data generating means generates coordinate data of a large number of points forming a side based on the detected start point and end point, the generated coordinate data is supplied to the raster operation control means, thereby performing scanning. The raster operation can be performed only between the two points based on the coordinate data of the points forming the sides facing each other in the line direction.

That is, if a polygonal area having an arbitrary shape is defined by a plurality of vertex data, the vertex data is sorted to be divided into a set of mutually facing edges, and the edges are configured for each of the partitioned edges. Since it is possible to generate coordinate data of a large number of points, the raster operation can be performed only in the necessary area without requiring a work area and mask pattern, etc., and the overall configuration can be simplified. In addition, the raster operation time can be significantly shortened.

The area defining means outputs the vertex data in the clockwise direction or the counterclockwise direction in order, and the sorting means uses the vertex data located at the end portion in the direction perpendicular to the scan line as the starting point data. When the other vertex data is divided into two groups, and the vertex data of one group is rearranged in the reverse order of the output order, the sorting means detects the vertex data to be the starting point. Then, the vertex data can be easily divided into two groups. In this case, in the case where the side data generating means performs the linear interpolation calculation with the end point on the side closer to the start point data as the start point and the end point on the other side as the end point for each sorted side, the raster operation is performed. Since the coordinate data of each point can be generated in the order of performing, the raster operation can be performed in the order of generation, and the efficiency of the raster operation can be improved as a whole. Then, when enlarging the raster operation area of an arbitrary shape, since the linear interpolation calculation is performed based on the vertex data corresponding to the enlarged state,
Smooth contour data can be obtained as compared with the case of enlarging the contour data generated in advance, and a raster operation can be performed based on the smooth contour data.

Further, when the raster operation control means performs the raster operation on the area between two points facing each other for each scan line, the raster operation is performed on the extra portion of any scan line. Therefore, the masking process can be eliminated altogether, and the raster operation can be simplified as a whole.

Further, in the case where the memory for holding the coordinate data of a large number of points generated by the side data generating means and the size data in the direction perpendicular to the scan line for each side is also provided, The data can be sequentially read from the memory to perform the raster operation, and it can be determined based on the size data whether or not the raster operation corresponding to any of the sides is completed. Therefore, if the raster operation corresponding to one of the sides is not completed, continue the raster operation corresponding to the corresponding side,
On the contrary, if the raster operation corresponding to any one of the sides is completed, the raster operation corresponding to the next side can be started.

According to the above raster operation method, a plurality of vertex data defining the raster operation area are sorted based on coordinate values in a direction perpendicular to the scan line to divide a large number of sides into mutually opposing side groups. At the same time, the start point and the end point are detected for each side, the coordinate data of many points existing between the detected start point and the end point are generated, and the coordinate data of the points forming the sides facing each other in the scan line direction. Since the raster operation is performed only between the two points based on the above, the work area and the mask pattern etc. are required only by defining the polygonal area of arbitrary shape with multiple vertex data. Raster operation can be performed only for the required area, and the configuration can be simplified as a whole. Moni, can be significantly reduced raster operations required time.

<Examples> Hereinafter, detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating examples.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a graphic display device incorporating the raster operation device of the present invention. Sorting with a plurality of vertex data output from a host processor (1) as input. A processor (2), a linear interpolation calculation processor (hereinafter abbreviated as DDA processor) (3) that generates straight line data based on the sorting result data obtained by the sorting processor (2), and a random line holding the straight line data. An access memory file (hereinafter abbreviated as RAM file) (4), a raster operation control unit (5) that performs a raster operation only on a required range based on a pair of straight line data, and a frame that holds raster operation result data. Based on the contents of the memory (6) and the frame memory (6) Te cathode ray tube display device for performing a visual display is configured from (hereinafter, a CRT display device abbreviated) and (7).

More specifically, the upper processor (1)
Is to sequentially output all vertex coordinate data of a polygon of arbitrary shape which is a target of the raster operation in the clockwise direction from the vertex coordinate data in the lower left corner. And
The sorting processor (2) divides all of the vertices into a side group having a lower left point as a start point and an upper right point as an end point, and sets an end point on the start point side for each side forming each side group. With the start point as the end point and the end point on the end point side as the end point,
The starting point coordinate data and the ending point coordinate data are supplied to the DDA processor (3). Further, the DDA processor (3) performs linear interpolation calculation based on the start point coordinate data and the end point coordinate data to generate point sequence data forming each side, and stores the point sequence data in the RAM file (4).
RAM file (4) as size data by obtaining the difference between the end point coordinate data in the direction perpendicular to the scan line for each side
To be stored in. Further, the raster operation control unit (5) has the same y coordinate value of each other.
The raster operation is performed along the scan line only within the range determined based on the x coordinate value of the point.

The operation in the case of performing the raster operation in the polygonal area (8) shown in FIG. 3 by the graphic display device having the above structure will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

In the upper processor (1), coordinate data (x
₁ , y ₁ ) (x ₂ , y ₂ ) (x ₃ , y ₃ ) (x ₄ , y ₄ ) are sequentially output in the clockwise direction with the lower left vertex in FIG. 3 as a reference, and the sorting processor (2 ) To.

Therefore, the sorting processor (2) creates the left and right apex tables based on the ascending order of the y coordinate values with the apex as the starting point of the polygonal area (8). Specifically, for example, the transfer order of vertices other than the starting point, and whether or not the sign of the slope of the side determined based on the adjacent vertices changes, the vertices forming the left side and the right side The left and right vertex tables are created by dividing the group into vertex groups. Then, in order from the one closest to the vertex, the coordinate data of a pair of vertices adjacent to each other is set as the start point and the end point of the DD.
Supply to A processor (3). At the timing of supplying the coordinate data of the pair of vertices to the DDA processor (3), the DDA processor (3) performs all necessary linear interpolation calculations and stores the obtained data in the RAM file (4). It is set to be the time when And DDA
Raster operation start command data (hereinafter abbreviated as "lass operation start command data") is output only when a predetermined state signal is supplied from the processor (3).

The DDA processor (3) performs linear interpolation calculation based on the pair of coordinate data supplied from the sorting processor (2) to generate coordinate data of a large number of points defined by two vertices and forming an edge. The RAM file (4) is stored in the RAM file (4) and the difference between the y coordinate values between the two vertices is stored as size data. Then, by repeating the above-mentioned series of operations once again, the coordinate data of a large number of points forming the sides in correspondence with the left side and the right side are RA
The size data of each side is also stored in the RAM file (4) while being stored in the M file (4). Thereafter, the coordinate data of a pair of points having the same y-coordinate value on the most starting point side are read from the RAM file (4) and linear interpolation calculation is performed, and the obtained coordinate data are sequentially processed by the raster operation control unit. (5), the size data stored in the RAM file (4) is reduced by one.

More specifically, it is determined whether or not the start point coordinate data and the left side end point coordinate data are supplied in the step, and if they are supplied, the linear interpolation calculation is performed in the step based on both the coordinate data. Generate coordinate data for many points that make up the corresponding side
The data is stored in the left side area of the RAM file (4), the difference between y coordinate values of both coordinate data is calculated as size data in step, and the size data is supplied to the left counter of the RAM file (4) as an initial value.

Then, in step, it is judged whether or not the content of the right counter of the RAM file (4) is 0, and if it is 0,
After waiting until the end point coordinate data of the right side is supplied in step, in step, the linear interpolation calculation is performed based on the start point coordinate data and the end point coordinate data supplied this time, and a large number of the corresponding side is formed. The coordinate data of the point is generated and stored in the right side area of the RAM file (4), and in step, the difference between the y coordinate values of the above coordinate data is calculated as size data, and RA
It is supplied as an initial value to the right counter of M file (4). If it is determined in the above step that the content of the right counter is not 0, the processing from step to step is omitted.

After performing the above processing, wait until the lath operation start command data is supplied in the step, and then in the step, a pair of coordinate data having the smallest y coordinate value from the left side area and the right side area of the RAM file (4) is acquired. In the reading step, the DDA processor (3) supplies the x-coordinate value and the y-coordinate value of the starting point and the size data in the x-direction to the raster operation control section (5), and the lath operation start command data is supplied to the raster operation control section ( 5). When the linear interpolation calculation for one scan line is completed, the contents of the left counter and the right counter of the RAM file (4) are both decreased by 1 in the step, and the contents of the left counter and the right counter are decreased by 0 in the step. It is determined whether or not When it is determined in the above step that the content of the left counter has become 0, the previous end point coordinate data is set as the start point coordinate data in the step, and the process waits until the next end point coordinate data is received. Then, in the step, it is determined whether the end point coordinate data is supplied or the end command data is supplied. If the end point coordinate data is supplied, the series of processes from the above step is repeated, and conversely, the end command is supplied. When the data is supplied, the series of processing is ended as it is.

When it is determined in the above step that the content of the right counter has become 0, the previous end point coordinate data is set as the start point coordinate data in the step, and the process waits until the next end point coordinate data is received. Then, in the step, it is determined whether the end point coordinate data is supplied or the end command data is supplied. If the end point coordinate data is supplied, the series of processes from the above step is repeated, and conversely, the end command data is supplied. If is supplied, the series of processing is ended as it is.

Furthermore, when it is determined that the content of the counter is not 0 in any of the above steps, in a step, a pair of y-coordinate values having the second smallest y-coordinate values from the left-side area and the right-side area of the RAM file (4). The coordinate data is read out, and then the series of processes following the above steps is repeated.

That is, when the polygonal area (8) shown in FIG. 3 is set as the raster operation area, the vertex coordinate data (x ₁ , y ₁ ) (x ₂ , y from the processor (1) in the order of the vertices. ₂ ) (x ₃ , y ₃ ) (x ₄ , y ₄ ) is transferred.

Then, in the sorting processor (2), the vertices are classified as defining the left side edge group, and the vertices are defined as defining the right side edge group. First, the vertex is the start point, and the vertex is the end point. Supply to the processor (3). After that, each time the processing in the DDA processor (3) is completed, the vertices are supplied in this order as end points to the DDA processor (3) and necessary command data is supplied.

In the DDA processor (3), first, linear interpolation calculation is performed based on the coordinate data of a pair of vertices supplied from the sorting processor (2) to sequentially generate coordinate data of a large number of points forming the side A. The RAM file (4) is stored in the left side area, and the difference y ₂ -y ₁ between the y coordinate values of the end points of the side A is calculated and supplied as the initial value of the left counter of the RAM file (4). Then
A linear interpolation operation is performed based on the vertex coordinate data and the vertex coordinate data supplied from the sorting processor (2) to sequentially generate coordinate data of a large number of points forming the side B to generate a RAM file (4 ) And the difference y of the y coordinate values of the end points of the side B described above.
_4- y ₁ is calculated and supplied as the initial value of the right counter of the RAM file (4).

After that, when the lath operation start command data is supplied from the sorting processor (2), the coordinate data of the point having the smallest y coordinate value is read from the left side area and the right side area of the RAM file number, and the x coordinate value and the y coordinate of the start point are read. By supplying the value, the size data in the x direction, and the lath operation start command data to the raster operation control section (5), raster operation can be performed in units of one scan line. And when the raster operation of one scan line is performed,
The contents of the left counter and the right counter of the RAM file (4) are decremented by one. Then, the coordinate data of the point corresponding to the y coordinate value increased by 1 is read from the left side area and the right side area of the RAM file (4), and the coordinate data of the point on the scan line defined by both points is read. By sequentially generating and supplying to the raster operation control unit (5), raster operation is performed in a unit of one scan line, and by repeating the above series of operations, the y coordinate values are changed from y ₁ to y ₂ . Raster operation can be sequentially performed for each scan line within the range.

If the raster operation is performed up to the scan line with the y coordinate value of y ₂ as described above, the content of the left counter of the RAM file (4) becomes 0. Therefore, by notifying this state to the sorting processor (2). ,
The next end point coordinate data (x ₃ , y ₃ ) is the DDA processor (3)
Is supplied to. Therefore, the DDA processor (3) generates the coordinate data of many points forming the side C, and the RAM is generated.
Stored in the left side area of the file (4) and y ₃ -y
₂ is supplied to the left counter as an initial value.

After that, on condition that the lath operation start command data is supplied from the sorting processor (2), RA
Based on the coordinate data stored in the left side area and the right side area of the M file (4), the raster operation is performed for each scan line in the same manner as described above, and the contents of both counters are decremented by one. As a result, the raster operation can be sequentially performed for each scan line within the y coordinate value range of y ₂ to y ₄ .

If the raster operation is performed up to the scan line with the y coordinate value of y ₄ as described above, the content of the right counter of the RAM file (4) becomes 0. Therefore, by notifying this state to the sorting processor (2). ,
The next end point coordinate data (x ₃ , y ₃ ) is the DDA processor (3)
Is supplied to. Therefore, the DDA processor (3) generates the coordinate data of a large number of points forming the side D to generate the RAM.
It is stored in the right side area of file (4) and at the same time y ₃ -y
Supply ₄ to the right counter as an initial value.

After that, on condition that the lath operation start command data is supplied from the sorting processor (2), RA
Based on the coordinate data stored in the left side area and the right side area of the M file (4), the raster operation is performed for each scan line in the same manner as described above, and the contents of both counters are decremented by one. As a result, it is possible to sequentially perform the raster operation for each scan line within the y coordinate value range of y ₄ to y ₃ .

If the raster operation is performed up to the scan line with the y coordinate value of y ₃ as described above, the contents of both counters of the RAM file (4) become 0. Therefore, by notifying this state to the sorting processor (2). ,
End command data is sent from the sorting processor (2). Therefore, a series of processing in the DDA processor (3) and the raster operation control unit (5) is completed.

In summary, when an arbitrary polygonal area to be subjected to lath operation is set, the vertex coordinate data forming the left side edge group is sorted by sorting a plurality of vertex coordinate data defining the polygonal area. And a vertex coordinate data group forming the right side edge group. Then, linear interpolation calculation is performed on each of the divided vertex coordinate data groups to obtain coordinate data of a large number of points forming each side, and a lath operation can be performed between two points on the same scan line.

By performing the lath operation for all necessary scan lines, the lath operation based on an arbitrary polygonal area can be performed without using any work area and without performing any mask processing.

Also, when it is necessary to enlarge an arbitrary polygonal area to be subjected to the lath operation, the vertex coordinate data is subjected to enlargement processing in advance, and then the coordinate data of many points forming the side is calculated. Therefore, the boundary line can be expressed by a number of smoothly continuous points, and as a result, a lath operation with a smooth boundary line can be performed.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and for example, by using a processor which can also perform curve interpolation calculation in place of the DDA processor (3), at least a part of the sides is In addition to being able to perform a lath operation targeting an arbitrary area that is a curve, it is also possible to pre-calculate the coordinate data of the points that make up all the sides and perform a lath operation for each scan line. Further, it is possible to calculate the coordinate data of a large number of points forming the remaining side while performing the lath operation based on the side on which the coordinate data of a large number of points are calculated. It is possible to make various design changes within the scope of not changing the gist of.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the first invention, by sorting a plurality of vertex data defining a polygonal area or the like having an arbitrary shape,
Since it is possible to generate coordinate data of a large number of points forming a side for each side that is divided into a set of opposite sides, without needing a work area and a mask pattern, The raster operation can be performed only in the necessary area, the configuration can be simplified as a whole, and the time required for the raster operation can be significantly reduced.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the sorting means detects the vertex data to be the starting point, and thereafter the vertex data can be easily divided into two groups.

In the third aspect, since the coordinate data of each point can be generated in the order of performing the raster operation, the raster operation can be performed in the order of generation, and the efficiency of the raster operation can be improved as a whole. When enlarging the raster operation area of an arbitrary shape, linear interpolation calculation is performed based on the vertex data corresponding to the enlarging state, so compare with the case of enlarging the contour data generated in advance. Smooth contour data can be obtained, and raster operation can be performed based on the smooth contour data.

In the fourth aspect of the invention, since the raster operation is not performed on the extra portion of any scan line, masking processing can be completely eliminated, and the raster operation can be simplified as a whole.

In the fifth invention, if the raster operation corresponding to any side is not completed, the raster operation corresponding to the corresponding side is continued as it is, and conversely, the raster operation corresponding to any side is completed. If so, the raster operation corresponding to the next edge can be started.

A sixth aspect of the present invention defines a polygonal area or the like of an arbitrary shape by a plurality of vertex data, and can perform raster operation only on a necessary area without requiring a work area and a mask pattern. You can
The configuration can be simplified as a whole and the time required for raster operation can be significantly shortened.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a graphic display device incorporating the raster operation device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining the raster operation, and FIG. 3 is a raster operation target area and raster operation. FIG. (1) ... High-level processor, (2) ... Sorting processor, (3) ... DDA processor, (4) ... RAM file, (5) ... Raster operation control unit

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Yoshimitsu Takada Inventor, Yoshimitsu, Okamoto Town, Kusatsu City, Shiga No. 2 at 1000 Otani Daikin Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenji Omura 1000, Otani, Okamoto Town, Kusatsu City, Shiga Prefecture 2 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Shiga Works

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An area defining means for outputting vertex data of a raster operation area, and a plurality of vertex data defining an edge defining the raster operation area by sorting based on coordinate values in a direction perpendicular to a scan line. The sorting means for detecting the start point and the end point, the side data generating means for generating coordinate data of a large number of points forming the side based on the detected start point and the end point, and the side facing each other in the scan line direction are formed. A raster operation control means for performing a raster operation only between two points based on the coordinate data of the points. 2. The area defining means outputs the vertex data in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction in order, and the sorting means starts the vertex data located at the end portion in the direction perpendicular to the scan line. The raster operation device according to claim 1, wherein the other vertex data is divided into two groups as data, and the vertex data of one group is rearranged in the reverse order of the output order. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the side data generating means performs linear interpolation calculation on each of the sorted sides with the end point on the side closer to the start point data as a start point and the end point on the other side as an end point. The raster operation device according to item 2. 4. The raster operation control means performs the raster operation on a region between two points facing each other for each scan line, according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Raster operation device. 5. A memory which holds coordinate data of a large number of points generated by the side data generating means and also stores size data in a direction perpendicular to the scan line for each side. The raster operation device according to any one of the first to fourth items. 6. A plurality of vertex data defining a raster operation area are sorted based on coordinate values in a direction perpendicular to the scan line to divide a large number of edges into groups of edges facing each other, and Detects the start point and end point for each side, generates coordinate data of many points existing between the detected start point and end point, and based on the coordinate data of the points forming the sides facing each other in the scan line direction. A raster operation method characterized in that a raster operation is performed only between both points.