JPH0743427B2 - Precipitation intensity measuring instrument - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a precipitation intensity measuring instrument used for, for example, weather observation and automatic control of a snow melting device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a precipitation intensity measuring instrument of this type, in a weather station or the like, a nozzle cylinder is arranged in the center of a water receiver,
Open the nozzle mouth at the top of the nozzle cylinder, put water in the receiver to form an oil film layer on the water surface, receive precipitation on the water surface,
The precipitation overflowing from the water surface is introduced from the nozzle mouth into the nozzle cylinder, and the receiving basin is placed below the outlet of the nozzle cylinder so that it can be reversed.When the inside of the receiving basin is full, the receiving basin is reversed and drained,
It is known that the intensity of precipitation is calculated and measured by counting the number of inversions of the water receiving basin.

Further, in automatic control of a snow melting device, an optical switch composed of a light emitting element and a light receiving element is arranged and the number of particles of snow or rain falling by the optical switch is counted to calculate and measure precipitation intensity. Are known.

[0004]

However, in the case of the above-mentioned conventional structure, the one used in a meteorological observatory or the like usually has a volume of the above water receiving basin of 0.5 mm in terms of precipitation, which is a relatively high resolution. However, the accuracy of measurement is coarse, and the accuracy of precipitation cannot be expected to be accurate because the capture rate of precipitation varies greatly depending on the wind direction and wind speed. What is used is a structure that counts the number of particles by blocking the thin beam of light emitted from the light emitting element by falling snow and rain particles, so the particle capture rate is low, Since snow and rainwater fall with wind and rain, in such a case, the particle capturing efficiency is further lowered, and the measurement accuracy is reduced accordingly.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve such an inconvenience, and its gist is to provide a light emitting element which emits laser light and a plane fan-shaped laser light emitted from the light emitting element. To disperse the thin-film laser light having a certain thickness into a thin film, a parallel lens for converting the laser light passing through the dispersive lens into parallel rays, and a thin-film laser light passing through the parallel lens for a certain width and A slit formed on the optical thin film having a thickness, a condenser lens for condensing the laser light passing through the slit, and a light receiving element for receiving the condensed laser light,
And a signal processing circuit for calculating and measuring precipitation intensity from a change in the amount of light attenuated by particles of rain or snow passing through the thin optical film having a certain thickness and a certain width detected by the light receiving element. And the signal processing circuit outputs a signal having a voltage waveform corresponding to an area whose amplitude is blocked by the particle with the transit time of the particle passing through the optical thin film as the horizontal axis, and this output signal. An amplification circuit that amplifies
A 3/2 calculation circuit that outputs a signal converted into a sphere volume from this amplified signal, a peak hold circuit that holds the peak value of this signal, and a pulse signal with a constant pulse width from this peak value A precipitation intensity measuring instrument characterized by comprising a gate circuit for a certain period of time and a integrating circuit having a clock circuit for calculating and measuring the amount of precipitation per unit time by integrating the pulse signal at a constant cycle.

[0006]

[Function] A thin optical film having a certain thickness and a certain width made of laser light is formed, and rain or snow particles pass through the optical thin film, and the light amount is reduced by this passage to cause a change in the light amount. ,
The dimming amount detection circuit outputs a signal having a voltage waveform corresponding to an area whose amplitude is blocked by the particle with the transit time of the particle passing through the optical thin film as the abscissa, and the amplifier circuit amplifies this output signal and outputs 3 / The square calculation circuit outputs a signal converted from this amplified signal into a sphere volume, the peak hold circuit holds the peak value of this signal, and the gate circuit holds the pulse with a constant pulse width from this peak value for a certain period of time. A signal is output, and an integrating circuit having a clock circuit integrates the pulse signals at a constant cycle to calculate and measure the amount of precipitation per unit time, and these signal processing circuits measure the precipitation intensity.

[0007]

1 to 12 show an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a body, and a light emitting element 2 such as a laser diode that emits a thin beam laser light L as shown in FIG. 3 and a laser light L emitted from the light emitting element 2 are shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, the dispersion lens 3 is a rod lens that disperses the light into a thin film having a flat fan shape and a cylindrical lens that makes the laser light L passing through the dispersion lens 3 into parallel rays. As shown in FIG. 6, the parallel lens 4, the slit 5 for partitioning the thin-film laser light passing through the parallel lens 4 into the optical thin film F having a certain width B, in this case, 3 cm and a thickness N = 1 mm, and the laser passing through the slit 5. A condenser lens 6 that is a cylindrical lens that condenses the light L, and a condenser lens 6 that receives the condensed laser light, for example, P
Each of the light receiving elements 7 is an IN photodiode, and a window 1a having a width of 8 cm and a length of M = 15 cm is opened on the upper surface and the lower surface of the body 1 in this case.

Reference numeral 8 is a signal processing circuit, as shown in FIG.
Light reduction amount detection circuit 9 including light receiving element 7, and amplification circuit 10
, 3/2 arithmetic circuit 11, and peak hold circuit 1
2. It is composed of a gate circuit 13 for a fixed time and an integrating circuit 15 having a clock circuit 14. In this case, a long-time integrating circuit 16 and a recorder 17 are further connected.

Since this embodiment is constructed as described above, the particle trapping region R is in a plane having a width B = 3 cm and a length M = 15 cm, and a horizontal optical thin film F having a thickness N = 1 mm is set in this plane. In this case, the output voltage is not generated when the total amount of light of the cross-section integral of the width B of the trapping region R and the thickness N is received. When particles W of rain or snow fall and pass through, a voltage corresponding to the area in which the width is the passage time T of the particles and the amplitude H is blocked by the particles W is detected by the dimming amount detection circuit 9 including the light receiving element 7 as shown in FIG. The output signals P1 and P2 ... Are output, the output signal is amplified by the amplifier circuit 10, and the amplified signal is converted into 3 /
As shown in FIG. 9, the square calculation circuit 11 outputs a signal converted into a spherical volume in this case, and the peak value of this signal is held by the peak hold circuit 12, and the gate circuit 13 is held for a certain period of time.
10 outputs a pulse signal having a width of a constant time T as shown in FIG. 10, and the pulse signal is integrated by a integrating circuit 15 having a clock circuit 14 during a period T ′ as shown in FIG.
This value is corrected with a conversion factor to the weight of rain or snow, and thereby the precipitation amount / time = precipitation intensity at a certain time is calculated and measured, and the precipitation amount is calculated by the long time integration circuit 16,
It will be recorded by the recorder 17.

As described above, rain or snow particles W are made to pass through the horizontal thin optical film F having a certain width and thickness made of laser light, and the intensity of precipitation or precipitation is changed by the change in the amount of light reduced by this passage. Since the amount is measured, the particle capture rate can be remarkably increased, the measurement accuracy can be improved accordingly, and the thin film having a certain thickness can be obtained by making the laser light L emitted from the light emitting element by the dispersion lens into a plane fan shape. Since the laser light having a certain thickness is dispersed by the slit 5 to form the optical thin film F having a certain width and thickness,
By forming it in the optical thin film, the transit time of the particles can be shortened as much as possible, and the width of the optical thin film can be widened to increase the particle capture rate, so that there is an opportunity to have multiple particles in the optical thin film within the same time. Even if the number of particles increases, it is possible to easily detect a change in the amount of light by the light receiving element 7 and prevent erroneous measurement, and the time and wind required for the particles W to pass vertically through the horizontal optical thin film F as shown in FIG. Since the time for vertically passing through the optical thin film F when passing diagonally is the same, the measurement can be performed without being affected by the wind, and the measurement accuracy can be further improved, and the signal processing can be performed. The circuit 8 includes a dimming amount detection circuit 9 that outputs a signal having a voltage waveform corresponding to an area whose amplitude is blocked by the particle, with the transit time of the particle passing through the optical thin film as the horizontal axis, and an amplifier circuit that amplifies this output signal. 10 and
A 3/2 calculation circuit 11 that outputs a signal converted into a sphere volume from this amplified signal, a peak hold circuit 12 that holds the peak value of this signal, and a pulse signal whose pulse width is constant from this peak value. It is composed of a gate circuit 13 for outputting a constant time, a clock circuit 14 for accumulating the pulse signal in a constant cycle to calculate and measure the amount of precipitation per unit time, and an accumulating circuit 15, so that the structure is extremely simple. And a circuit having a voltage waveform corresponding to an area blocked by particles passing through the optical thin film, and a 3/2 arithmetic circuit 1
Since the signal converted into the spherical volume by 1 is output and the precipitation intensity is measured from this, the measurement accuracy of the precipitation intensity can be improved.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but can be designed by appropriately modifying it.

[0012]

As described above, the precipitation intensity measuring instrument of the present invention has the following features.
Rain and snow particles are passed through an optical thin film with a certain spread made of laser light, and the rainfall intensity and precipitation are measured by the change in the amount of light reduced by this passage, so the particle capture rate can be significantly increased, The measurement accuracy can be improved by that much, and the laser beam L emitted from the light emitting element is dispersed into a thin film having a certain thickness by the dispersion lens into a flat fan shape, and the laser beam having the certain thickness is slit. Since it is formed on the optical thin film having a certain width and thickness, the passage time of particles can be shortened as much as possible by forming on the optical thin film, and the width of the optical thin film can be widened to increase the particle capture rate. Even if the number of particles that exist in the optical thin film increases within the same time, it is easy to detect changes in the amount of light by the light-receiving element, which can prevent erroneous measurement and be affected by wind. Measure without In addition, the signal processing circuit can improve the measurement accuracy, and the signal processing circuit has a voltage waveform corresponding to the area whose amplitude is blocked by the particle with the transit time of the particle passing through the optical thin film as the horizontal axis. A dimming amount detection circuit, an amplifier circuit that amplifies this output signal, a 3/2 calculation circuit that outputs a signal converted from this amplified signal into a sphere volume, and a peak value of this signal is held A peak hold circuit, a gate circuit for outputting a pulse signal having a constant pulse width from the peak value, and a clock circuit for computing and measuring the amount of precipitation per unit time by integrating the pulse signal at a constant cycle, Since it is composed of an integrating circuit, it can be constructed with an extremely simple structure and circuit, can be made inexpensive, and the area blocked by particles passing through the optical thin film. Improving the measurement accuracy of precipitation intensity by converting a signal with a corresponding voltage waveform into a signal converted into a sphere volume by a 3/2 calculation circuit and outputting the converted signal. In addition, it is possible to measure without being affected by the wind, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy, it can be configured with an extremely simple structure and circuit, it can be made inexpensive, and it can be used in a wide range. Can be used, and the effect is great.

As described above, the intended purpose can be sufficiently achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory plan view showing the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the laser light shown in FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view of the laser light shown in FIG.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the laser light shown in FIG.

6 is a cross-sectional view of the laser light shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a signal processing circuit of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of an output signal.

FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of an output signal.

FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram of an output signal.

FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram of an output signal.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of rain and snow particles passing through the optical thin film.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Light emitting element 3 Dispersion lens 4 Parallel lens 5 Slit 6 Condensing lens 7 Light receiving element 8 Signal processing circuit 9 Light reduction amount detection circuit 10 Amplification circuit 11 3/2 square calculation circuit 12 Peak hold circuit 13 Constant time gate circuit 14 Clock circuit 15 Integration circuit L Laser light F Light thin film W Rain and snow particles

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A light-emitting element that emits laser light, a dispersion lens that disperses the laser light emitted from the light-emitting element into a thin film having a certain thickness, and a laser light that has passed through the dispersion lens. A parallel lens that forms parallel rays, a slit that forms thin-film laser light that passes through the parallel lens into an optical thin film having a certain width and thickness, and a condenser lens that collects the laser light that passes through the slit. A light receiving element that receives the condensed laser beam, and a light amount change that is reduced by rain or snow particles passing through a thin optical film having a certain thickness and a certain width detected by the light receiving element And a signal processing circuit for calculating and measuring the precipitation intensity from the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit having a voltage waveform corresponding to an area whose amplitude is blocked by the particle, with the transit time of the particle passing through the optical thin film as the horizontal axis. Dimming to output signal A quantity detection circuit, an amplification circuit for amplifying the output signal, a 3/2 square calculation circuit for outputting a signal converted into a sphere volume from the amplified signal, and a peak hold circuit for holding a peak value of this signal And a gate circuit that outputs a pulse signal with a constant pulse width from this peak value for a certain period of time, and an integrating circuit that has a clock circuit that integrates this pulse signal at a constant period to calculate and measure the amount of precipitation per unit time. A precipitation intensity measuring instrument characterized by comprising.