JPH07159727A - Stereoscopic picture display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To propose a stereoscopic picture display device whose structure is simple and whose depth is shortened, and to provide the stereoscopic picture display device which does not require spectacles having action for distributing pictures to right and left eyes, where flickering does not occur because time- division display is not performed, and which enables an observer to move and a burden imposed on the observer to be lightened. CONSTITUTION:The picture for a right eye and the picture for a left eye are respectively displayed on spatial modulation elements 10a and 10b; and the pictures of the right and left halves of an observer's face photographed by photographing devices 14a and 14b are respectively displayed on observer picture display devices 12a and 12b; then lenses 11 a and 11b having directivity make the picture for a right eye and the picture for a left eye which are synthesized to one by a half mirror 15 act to be observed only with the observer's right eye and left eye by setting the pictures of the right and left halves of the observer's face as the illumination. The lens having directivity is integrally provided with the spatial modulation element.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device used for industrial, household or medical purposes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional stereoscopic image display device, an observer wears spectacles having a function of distributing left and right to display stereo images for the right eye and the left eye which are time-divisionally displayed on an image display surface. Those that can be observed only by the right and left eyes of the observer, respectively, or a lenticular plate is attached to the image display surface, the image distribution function of the lenticular plate, a stereo image for the right eye and the left eye It is general that the above can be observed only by the right and left eyes of the observer.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the configuration of the conventional stereoscopic image display device. Reference numeral 60 is spectacles having a left / right distribution function, 61a and 61b are liquid crystal shutters, and 62 is a liquid crystal shutter.
Is a synchronizing circuit, and 63 is a color CRT as an image display device. The operation of the stereoscopic image display device according to the first example of the related art configured as described above will be described. Color CRT 63
, The stereo images for the right eye and the left eye are alternately displayed in a time division manner. The liquid crystal shutter 61a of the eyeglasses 60 is opened and is in a transmissive state only when a right-eye stereo image is displayed, and the liquid crystal shutter 61b is opened and is in a transmissive state only when a left-eye stereo image is displayed. By controlling the open / closed state by the synchronization circuit 62, the observer wearing the eyeglasses 60 observes only the stereo image for the right eye with the right eye and only the stereo image for the left eye with the left eye. This allows stereoscopic viewing.

FIG. 13 shows a structure of a stereoscopic image display device in a second conventional example. Reference numeral 71 is a lenticular plate in which a large number of cylindrical lenses are formed in stripes, and 72 is a color CRT as an image display device. is there. The operation of the conventional second example stereoscopic image display device configured as described above will be described. On the color CRT 72, stereo images for the right eye and the left eye are simultaneously displayed alternately in a slit shape having a width that is approximately half the stripe width of the lenticular plate 71. The right eye of the observer is the lenticular plate 7.
Only the stereo image for the right eye displayed in the slit shape is observed through each of the cylindrical lenses 1 and the left eye similarly observes only the stereo image for the left eye displayed in the slit shape. This allows stereoscopic viewing.

[0005]

However, according to the study by the present inventors, in the stereoscopic image display device in the first conventional example as described above, the stereo image is independent of the right and left eyes of the observer. Since eyeglasses having a left / right distribution function are indispensable for observing images, the observer feels annoyance, and the stereo image to be displayed needs to be switched between the right eye image and the left eye image in time division. Therefore, there is a problem that flicker occurs in an image, which becomes an obstacle in observing a stereoscopic image.

Further, in the stereoscopic image display device of the second conventional example, since the stereoscopic image is observed through the stripe-shaped lens, the spatial tolerance of the stereoscopically visible observer is narrow and the observer moves. In this case, the image is deteriorated, and it is difficult for a large number of people to observe the image at the same time. Further, the image processing is required to display the image in a stripe shape, which makes the apparatus expensive. Had a problem.

Further, in the medical field, when an endoscopic operation is performed, the operation is usually performed by an operator observing a plane image of the patient's abdominal cavity projected by the endoscope on a monitor. However, the monitor image in the abdominal cavity has few features because the entire abdominal cavity has a single color, and it becomes difficult to confirm the perspective of the affected area, which tends to lengthen the operation time and burden the patient and the operator. Was also great. On the other hand, when the first and second stereoscopic image display devices of the related art are used, the left and right spectacles, the flickering of the image, the annoyance due to the limitation of the movement of the observer, and the like prevent the practical use. is the current situation.

The present invention provides a stereoscopic image display device which does not require glasses having a function of sorting left and right, allows a large number of people to stereoscopically view at the same time without depending on the position of an observer, and has a flicker-free screen. The purpose is to Furthermore, the present invention, even when using an optical system such as a lens,
An object of the present invention is to propose a stereoscopic image display device that does not require a lens installation space and a dedicated holder and that does not affect the depth of the entire device.

Furthermore, there is no need to adjust the optical axis of the lens,
It is to propose a stereoscopic image display device with a good yield.

[0010]

An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a spatial light modulator having a light transmissive property for displaying a stereo image, and an observer image display for illuminating the spatial light modulator from the back surface. A device and a directional lens which is located between the spatial modulation element and the observer image display apparatus and is integrally provided on the back surface of the spatial modulation element to enlarge the display portion of the observer image display apparatus. And a photographing device for photographing the observer, wherein the observer image display device is spatially modulated at a position corresponding to a left face and a right face of the observer photographed by the photographing device. This is achieved by a stereoscopic image display device characterized by displaying a graphic for illuminating an element.

A spatial light modulator having a light transmissive property for displaying a stereo image, an observer image display device for illuminating the spatial modulator device from the back surface, and the spatial light modulator and the observer image display device. In order to magnify the display portion of the observer image display device located between them, a directional lens integrally provided on the back surface of the spatial modulation element and a detection device for detecting the position of the observer are provided. The observer image display device displays a figure for illuminating the spatial modulation element at a position corresponding to the left face and a right face of the observer detected by the detection device. And a stereoscopic image display device.

A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pair of light-transmitting spatial light modulators for displaying a stereo image, and a pair of observer image display devices for illuminating the respective spatial light modulators from their back surfaces. And a pair of directional members integrally provided on the back surface of the spatial modulation element in order to enlarge the display portion of the observer image display apparatus located between the spatial modulation element and the observer image display apparatus. A lens, a half mirror for combining the images displayed on the pair of spatial modulation elements into one, and a photographing device for photographing an observer,
Each of the pair of observer image display devices displays a figure for illuminating the spatial modulation element at a position corresponding to the right face and left face of the observer photographed by the photographing device. Is achieved by a stereoscopic image display device.

Here, the lens is a Fresnel lens,
This function is realized by an annular zone formed on the base material on the back side of the spatial modulation element. Still further, an object of the present invention is to provide a light modulating spatial modulation element for displaying a stereo image in a time division manner, an observer image display device for illuminating each of the spatial modulation elements from the back surface, and the spatial modulation element. And a directional lens integrally provided on the back surface of the spatial modulation element in order to magnify the display portion of the observer image display device located between the observer image display device and
An image capturing device for capturing an image of an observer, and the spatial modulation elements are time-divided into a position corresponding to the right face and a left face of the observer captured by the image capturing device on the observer image display device. This is achieved by a stereoscopic image display device characterized by displaying a figure for illuminating the spatial light modulator in synchronization with the left-eye and right-eye stereo images displayed in FIG.

The liquid crystal display and the Fresnel lens are integrated by superimposing a Fresnel lens on the back surface of the liquid crystal display. Further, in the above-mentioned liquid crystal display with a Fresnel lens, the back surface of the liquid crystal display is used as a glass substrate of the liquid crystal display, and a ring-shaped pattern is formed on the glass substrate of the liquid crystal display, so that the glass substrate has a function of a Fresnel lens. It is characterized by making it.

Further, the stereoscopic image display device includes an infrared illuminating device for illuminating the right or left face of an observer, and the photographing device is capable of selectively picking up an image with respect to the infrared wavelength of the illuminating device. Preferably. Further, the stereoscopic image display device includes a pair of illuminating devices for illuminating the right face and the left face of the observer with two different wavelengths, and the image capturing device corresponds to each infrared wavelength of the pair of illuminating devices. It is preferable to use a pair of photographing devices provided with a wavelength filter that can selectively transmit light.

Further, in the stereoscopic image display device, it is preferable to remove the image other than the face of the observer by subtracting two observer images photographed by a pair of photographing devices. The stereoscopic image display device photographs either the right face or the left face of the observer by the photographing device, and one of the pair of observer image display devices displays the half-face image of the face photographed by the photographing device. On the other hand, a negative / positive inversion image of the half face can be displayed on the other side.

In the stereoscopic image display device,
It is preferable that the image output surface of the observer image display device is installed outside the focal length of the lens. Further, in the stereoscopic image display device, it is preferable to use a transmissive liquid crystal display or a light transmissive film as the spatial modulation element. Furthermore, in the three-dimensional image display device, it is preferable to use a lamp unit that emits infrared rays or an LED having an emission wavelength in the infrared region as an illumination device.

[0018]

According to the present invention, with the above-mentioned structure, the Fresnel lens is superposed on the back surface of the liquid crystal display,
The structure of the device can be simplified and the depth can be shortened. Further, the use of the Fresnel lens also simplifies optical axis alignment. Moreover, the function of the Fresnel lens can be achieved, for example, by forming the back surface of the liquid crystal display as a glass substrate and forming an annular pattern on the glass substrate.

In this stereoscopic image display device, the image for the right eye displayed on one of the illumination and the spatial modulation element matches the right facial image of the observer displayed on the observer image display device (right) from the back side. The image on the spatial modulation element is illuminated by using the figure as an illumination and is incident only on the periphery of the right eye of the observer through a lens having directivity formed integrally with this element, so that the right eye of the observer is the observer's right eye. The figure that corresponds to the right facial image of will be seen as a virtual image. At this time, the left eye portion of the observer image displayed on the observer image display device (right) by the lens having the directivity is incident on the left eye of the observer. Device (right)
Since the part corresponding to the left face of No. 1 does not emit light, the image for the right eye cannot be seen by the left eye of the observer.

Similarly, for the image for the left eye, a figure in which the image for the left eye displayed on the other side of the spatial light modulator matches the left face image of the observer displayed on the observer image display device from the back side is used as illumination. Since it is illuminated and enters only around the left eye of the observer by a lens having directivity integrated with the spatial light modulator, the left eye of the observer sees a figure corresponding to the left facial image of the observer as a virtual image. Therefore, the observer's right eye cannot observe the image for the left eye.

Here, the lens having directivity may be any lens that causes a selection action to the left and right, and is preferably a convex lens or a Fresnel lens. The figure displayed on the observer image display device may be the half-face image of the face of the observer as it is, but it is more preferable to process the obtained half-face image of the observer and use a figure in which extra information around the face is deleted. .

These right-eye image and left-eye image are
Although combined into one by a half mirror, only the right-eye image is illuminated to the right eye and the left-eye image is illuminated to the left eye from the back surface due to the selection effect of the lens having the directivity.
Since it is recognized as an image, the observer can observe a flicker-free stereoscopic image. Further, when the observer moves, the observer's own half-plane image displayed on the observer image display device also follows, so that the above-mentioned stereoscopic viewing condition is maintained. For the same reason, even when there are a large number of observers, each observer can perform stereoscopic viewing.

The present invention further comprises an illuminating device for illuminating the right or left face of the observer, wherein the illumination of the illuminating device is infrared light which is not recognized by the observer, and the photographing device is an infrared ray of the illuminating device. By making it possible to pick up an image selectively with respect to the wavelength, it is possible to eliminate the influence of ambient light and easily obtain a half-face image of the observer's face without causing discomfort to the observer.

Further, the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention comprises a pair of illumination devices for illuminating the right and left faces of an observer with infrared rays of two different wavelengths, and the photographing device is the pair of illumination devices. By using a pair of imaging devices that are equipped with wavelength filters that can selectively transmit each of the infrared wavelengths, the influence of light on the other side or ambient light is eliminated, and it is easy to do without causing discomfort to the observer. A right facial image and a left facial image of the observer can be obtained.

Further, the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention displays the observer image by removing the image other than the face of the observer by subtracting the two observer images photographed by the pair of photographing devices. The influence of ambient light when the device illuminates the spatial modulation element can be eliminated. The stereoscopic image display device of the present invention photographs either the right face or the left face of an observer by the photographing device and the lighting device, and one of the pair of observer image display devices is photographed by the photographing device. By displaying the half-face image of the face and the negative / positive inversion image of the half-face image of the face displayed on the other side, it is possible to substitute the functions of two units with one photographing device.

Further, the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention photographs the face of the observer with one photographing device and the illuminating device, and displays the photographed image of the face of the observer on the left and right faces in a time-division manner. By doing so, this display can be used as backlight illumination of the spatial modulation element.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. Prior to this description, some examples included in the prior application of the same applicant will be cited and described as reference examples. Reference Example 1 In the reference example of FIG. 1, 10a and 10b are transmissive liquid crystal displays as spatial modulators.
Reference numerals a and 11b are Fresnel lenses having a focal length of 150 mm as lenses located on the back surfaces of the spatial modulation elements 10a and 10b, respectively. Reference numerals 12a and 12b are black and white CRTs as observer image display devices having a light emitting function, and the lens 11
a and 11b are sandwiched between the spatial modulation elements 10a and 10a, respectively.
It is located on the side opposite to b, is farther than the focal lengths of the lenses 11a and 11b, and is located 160 mm away from the lenses 11a and 11b. 13a and 13b are lighting devices,
LED lights with wavelengths of 850 nm and 950 nm,
14a and 14b are black and white CCD cameras as photographing devices,
Reference numeral 5 denotes a half mirror for synthesizing the images displayed on the spatial modulation elements 10a and 10b into one, and 16 and 17 denote observers for observing stereoscopic images. Figure 2
The situation where the observers 16 and 17 are illuminated from the front by the LEDs 13a and 13b is shown. Reference numerals 20a and 20b indicate areas illuminated by the lights of the LEDs 13a and 13b, respectively.

FIG. 3 shows the emission wavelength characteristics of the LEDs 13a and 13b.
5b shows the wavelength distribution of the LED 13b, and 26a, 2
Reference numeral 6b indicates a region selectively transmitted by the wavelength filters mounted on the black and white CCD cameras 14a and 14b, respectively. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the black and white CCD cameras 14a and 14b, 30 is an image pickup lens, 31a and 31b are interference filters as wavelength filters, 32 is an image pickup device containing a CCD chip, and 33 is a drive circuit for the image pickup device. , 34 denote subjects.

FIG. 5 shows how the observer observes his / her own facial image as a virtual image in the reference example shown in FIG. 1. For the sake of clarity, the observer image display device (black and white C
RT) and a lens are shown one by one, and a half mirror, a liquid crystal display, another lens and an observer image display device are omitted. 11a is a lens, 12a
Is a black and white CRT, 16 and 17 are two observers observing stereoscopic images, and 40, 41, 42 and 43 are black and white CRTs 1.
The area actually observed by the observer in the observer image displayed on the screen 2a is shown.

The operation of the stereoscopic image display device configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. The stereo images observed by the observers 16 and 17 in FIG. 1 are the liquid crystal display 10b in which the right-eye image is displayed on the liquid crystal display 10a and the left-eye image is a left-right inverted mirror image.
, And the two stereo images are combined into one screen by the half mirror 15.
More specifically, in FIG. 1, for example, CR
The image on the right side of T12a (actually the right face) corresponds to the right face of the observer 17, and the liquid crystal display 10a is driven by the image when viewed by the right eye. Similarly, the left face image viewed by the left eye of the observer 17 is also displayed on the CRT 12b as a backlight, and the liquid crystal display 10b is driven by the image when viewed to the left. Since these two images are combined by the half mirror, they appear as a stereoscopic image to the observer.
Further, the image on the left side of the CRT 12a (actually the right face) corresponds to the right face of the observer 16, and the liquid crystal display 10a
Is driven by the image seen by the right eye. Similarly CRT
The image of the left face seen by the left eye of the observer 16 is also displayed on 12b as a backlight.
Is driven by the image viewed by the left eye, and the two images are combined by the half mirror, so that the viewers 16 and 17 can observe a stereoscopic image.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the LEDs 13a and 13b arranged on both sides of the front of the observers 16 and 17 are, as shown in FIG. 2, the LED 13a is the area 20a on the right half of the faces of the observers 16 and 17, and the LED 13b is Observer 16
And 17 so as to illuminate the left half area 20b of the face. The emission wavelengths of the LEDs 13a and 13b are 850 nm and 951 n, respectively, as shown in FIG.
Since it has distributions 25a and 25b centered on m, and the light intensities in the overlapping regions are both half values or less, they can be used as two different wavelength light sources.
On the other hand, in the CCD cameras 14a and 14b, as shown in FIG. 4, interference filters 31a and 31b having transmission characteristics of wavelengths 850 ± 20 nm and 950 ± 20 nm are inserted between the image pickup device 32 and the image pickup lens 30, respectively. Therefore, when the subject 34 forms an image on the image sensor 32, only the portions illuminated by the wavelength regions 26a and 26b in FIG. 3 remain as an image. Therefore, according to the configuration described above, CC
The D camera 14a photographs only the area 20a in FIG. 2 and displays it on the monochrome CRT 12a, and the CCD camera 14b.
Is a black and white CRT by shooting only the area 20b in FIG.
12b can be displayed. Black and white CRT 12a,
The images of the observers 16 and 17 taken by the CCD cameras 14a and 14b are vertically inverted and displayed on the screen 12b. At this time, the face areas 20a and 20b are displayed in white and high brightness so that the black and white CRTs 12a and 12b are displayed. The brightness and contrast, and the lens diaphragms of the CCD cameras 14a and 14b are adjusted.

Next, the operation of the Fresnel lenses 11a and 11b will be described with reference to FIG. Fresnel lens 11
a is installed so that the observer images displayed on the black and white CRT 12a can be observed by the observers 16 and 17 as virtual images.
By setting the distance from the black-and-white CRT 12a outside the focal length of the Fresnel lens 11a, the right and left eyes of the observer 16 are provided with the areas 4 on the screen of the black-and-white CRT 12a.
0 and 41 only, and black and white C for the right and left eyes of the observer 17
Only the regions 42 and 43 on the screen of the RT 12a can be independently observed and can be enlarged and observed with the effective diameter of the Fresnel lens 11a as a limit. Therefore, when the regions 40 and 42 are light emitting surfaces, the observer 16,
It is possible for 17 to act as an illumination having selectivity to the right eye of a size corresponding to the effective diameter of the Fresnel lens 11a. At this time, since the regions 41 and 43 do not emit light,
The light from the monochrome CRT 12a does not enter the left eye. The operation of the Fresnel lens 11a described above is the same for the Fresnel lens 11b, and the light from the monochrome CRT 12b enters only the left eye.

Therefore, the monochrome CRT as described above
The observers 16 and 17 in FIG.
The right half surface region 20a of the face of the
By making it correspond to the region of FIG. 5, the observers 16 and 17 observe a bright virtual image only in the right eye, and make the left half surface region 20b in FIG. 2 displayed on the monochrome CRT 12b correspond to the regions 41 and 43 in FIG. As a result, the observers 16 and 17 will observe a bright virtual image only in the left eye.
However, since the image displayed on the monochrome CRT 12b is observed through the half mirror 15 as shown in FIG.

By the operation of the present apparatus described above, the stereo image for the right eye displayed on the liquid crystal display 10a in FIG. 1 can be observed by being illuminated from the back surface only for the right eyes of the observers 16 and 17, and the liquid crystal can be observed. The stereo image for the left eye displayed on the display 10b is the observer 1
Since only the left eyes of 6 and 17 are illuminated from the back side for observation, the observers 16 and 17 can observe a pair of stereo images at the same time, and stereoscopic vision is possible. Even if the observers 16 and 17 move, the LE shown in FIG.
As long as the illumination condition of D is maintained, stereoscopic viewing is possible.

In the reference example, a transmissive liquid crystal display was used as the spatial modulation element, but the spatial modulation element may be any one that has light transmissivity and can display a stereo image. It may be a recorded film. Further, the LED used as the light may be one that can emit two different wavelengths in the infrared wavelength region, and may be, for example, a halogen lamp equipped with a wavelength filter to limit the emission wavelength band.

(Reference Example 2) FIG. 6 shows the configuration of a stereoscopic image display apparatus in Reference Example 2 of the present invention.
a and 10b are transmissive liquid crystal displays 11a and 11b as spatial modulation elements, and focal lengths of 150 mm are lenses located on the back surface of the spatial modulation elements 10a and 10b, respectively.
It is a Fresnel lens of. Reference numerals 12a and 12b are black and white CRTs as observer image display devices having a light emitting function, and the spatial modulation element 10 is sandwiched between the lenses 11a and 11b.
It is located on the opposite side to a and 10b, and is installed at a distance of 160 mm from the lenses 11a and 11b. 13a and 13b are illuminators having LEs with wavelengths of 850 nm and 950 nm, respectively.
D light, 14a, 14b are black and white CCD as a photographing device
The camera, 15 is a half mirror for combining the images displayed on the spatial modulation elements 10a, 10b into one, 16, 1
Reference numeral 7 denotes an observer who observes a stereoscopic image, and 18 denotes a difference processing device.

Since the operation of the stereoscopic image display device configured as described above is basically the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. Only different points will be described. The video signals of the facial images of the observers 16 and 17 which are separately captured by the cameras 14a and 14b are input to the difference processing device 18 and are subtracted from each other, and then output to the black and white CRTs 12a and 12b, respectively. Since the common part in the two images is canceled by the difference processing described above, it is possible to remove the image necessary for the configuration of the stereoscopic image display device such as the background of the observers 16 and 17.

Reference Example 3 FIG. 7 shows the configuration of a stereoscopic image display device according to Reference Example 3 of the present invention.
a and 10b are transmissive type influence displays as spatial modulation elements, and 11a and 11b are focal lengths of 150 m as lenses located on the back surface of the spatial modulation elements 10a and 10b, respectively.
m Fresnel lens. Reference numerals 12a and 12b are black and white CRTs as observer image display devices having a light emitting function, and the spatial modulation element 10 is sandwiched between the lenses 11a and 11b.
It is located on the opposite side to a and 10b, and is installed at a distance of 160 mm from the lenses 11a and 11b. 13 is an LED light having a wavelength of 850 nm as an illuminating device, 14 is a black and white CCD camera as a photographing device, 15 is a half mirror for combining the images displayed on the spatial modulation elements 10a and 10b into one,
16 and 17 are observers for observing stereoscopic images, and 19
Is an image processing device. A negative image is obtained by reversing the negative / positive image from the right facial image obtained by the CCD camera 14 to obtain a mirror image.
Positive reverse image creation unit 119 and the original right facial image in black and white CRT12
a, negative and positive reversal mirror image to black and white CRT 12b
It consists of the part to send to. 44a and 44b are black and white CRTs
It is a right facial image of the observers 16 and 17 displayed on 12a, which is the light emitting portion of the monochrome CRT 12a.

Since the operation of the stereoscopic image display device configured as described above is basically the same as that of the reference example 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the same portions are designated by the same reference numerals for description. Will be omitted and only different points will be described. The video signals of the right facial images of the observers 16 and 17 picked up by the camera 14 are input to the image processing device 19, and the black and white CRT 12a display the images 44a and 44b as they are.
On the contrary, a mirror image of a figure corresponding to a light emitting portion except the portions 44a and 44b, that is, a mirror image of the right facial image negative-positive inverted by the image processing device 19 is displayed on b. In this case, one light and one camera are enough.

(Embodiment 1) Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the embodiment, 110a and 110b are transmissive liquid crystal displays 10 as spatial modulators.
Fresnel lenses 11c and 1 are provided on the back surfaces of a and 10b, respectively.
1d is superposed and integrated. The focal length of the lens is 150 mm. Reference numerals 12a and 12b are black and white CRTs as observer image display devices having a light emitting function, and the spatial modulation element 10 is sandwiched between the lenses 11c and 11d.
The lens 11 is located on the opposite side of a and 10b.
It is installed at a distance of 160 mm from c and 11d. 13a, 1
3b is a lighting device, which has wavelengths of 850 nm and 95, respectively.
LED lights of 0 nm, 14a and 14b are black and white CCD cameras as photographing devices, 15 is a half mirror for combining the images displayed on the liquid crystal displays 110a and 110b with Fresnel lens into one, and 16 and 17 are stereoscopic images respectively. The observer who observes is shown.

Since the operation of the stereoscopic image display device configured as described above is basically the same as that of the reference example 1 of FIG. 1, the same portions are given the same numbers and their explanations are omitted.
The spatial modulation elements 110a and 110b are replaced by Fresnel lenses integrally laminated on the back surface of the liquid crystal display, and the annular pattern of the Fresnel lens is formed on the glass substrates on the back surfaces of the transmissive liquid crystal displays 10a and 10b.
It is possible to obtain a Fresnel-processed liquid crystal display in which a liquid crystal display is formed. (Embodiment 2) Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIG. As the configuration of the stereoscopic image display device in Embodiment 6 of the present invention, 1
Reference numeral 10 denotes a Fresnel lens having a focal length of 150 mm, which is integrated by superimposing Fresnel lenses on the respective back surfaces of a transmissive liquid crystal display as a spatial modulation element. Reference numeral 12 denotes a black and white CRT as an observer image display device having a light emitting function, which is located on the opposite side of the spatial modulation element 10 with the lens 11 in between, and is installed at a distance of 160 mm from the lens. 13 is an LED light having a wavelength of 850 nm as an illuminating device, 14 is a black and white CCD camera as a photographing device, 16 and 17 are observers for observing stereoscopic images respectively, 19 is an image processing device, and a right facial image obtained from the CCD camera 14. It is composed of a negative / positive reversal unit for obtaining a negative / positive reversal image, and a part for sending the original right facial image and a negative / positive reversal image to the CRT 12 in a time division manner. 44a and 44b in the black and white CRT 12 are backlights corresponding to the right facial image for the observers 16 and 17 displayed on the black and white CRT 12 or backlights corresponding to the left facial image. This is a light emitting portion of the black and white CRT 12 which is divided and is synchronized with the left and right screens of the spatial modulation element 110 by the synchronizing circuit 84 to emit light.

Since the operation of the stereoscopic image display device configured as described above is basically the same as that of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals. If only the difference is described, the video signals of the facial images of the observers 16 and 17 captured by the camera 14 are input to the image processing device 19 ′, and the negative / positive inversion image creation unit 119 uses the negative image.・ Positive inversion image is created. The output of the image processing device 19 'is time-division. First, the right facial image input from the CCD camera 14 is displayed on the black and white CRT 12 by the observer 1.
Image 44 corresponding to the backlight of the right eye of 6 and 17
It is output as a, 44b. The negative / positive inversion image is produced by the image processing device 19 'at the image position of the portion corresponding to the backlight of the left eyes of the viewers 16 and 17 at different times from the time of outputting the time-divisional right facial image. Is output to. That is, the positions of the left face (left eye) and the right face (right eye) are determined by the image processing device 19 'and displayed on the monochrome CRT 12 as its backlight. However, monochrome CRT
The synchronizing circuit 84 synchronizes the display (backlight) of the left eye and the right eye of 12 with the spatial light modulator 110. Therefore, in this embodiment, the number of lights and cameras is 1.
You just need to use one by one. Further, as compared with the first embodiment, the monochrome CR
Each spatial modulation element is a combination of T and Fresnel lens
It does not need to have a half mirror for synthesizing images, since it is possible to use one by one.

Also in this embodiment, the spatial modulation elements 10a and 10b are the transmissive liquid crystal display 10.
It is possible to obtain a Fresnel-processed liquid crystal display in which a ring pattern of a Fresnel lens is formed on each back glass substrate of a and 10b. (Details of liquid crystal display and lens) Liquid crystal display 2
00 is a perspective view showing the whole of a Fresnel lens 201 that looks like a ring, and FIG. 10B is a diagram for explaining a structure in which the Fresnel lens 201 is bonded to the back surface of the liquid crystal display 200. Is.

As shown in FIG. 10B, the liquid crystal display uses the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal, so that the polarizing filters 202 and 209 that polarize the light are the outermost and the liquid crystal is sealed inside. Glass substrate 203,
There is a glass filter 208 inside and an optional glass filter-204. Further, a transparent electrode 20 for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal as necessary so that the liquid crystal 206 is sandwiched inside thereof.
5, 206 are provided. The cross section shown in FIG. 10B is obtained by bonding the Fresnel lens 201 to the liquid crystal display 200 having the above structure.

That is, the Fresnel lens 2 is provided on the back surface of the liquid crystal.
By attaching 01, an installation space and a dedicated holder for the lens are required. Furthermore, the effect that the depth of the entire device can be shortened is provided. FIG. 11 shows an example in which the ring pattern shown in FIG. 10 is integrally formed on the outermost glass substrate as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 11B, the liquid crystal display is provided with polarizing filters 202 and 209 that polarize light in order to use the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal as shown in the figure. The glass substrate 208 is located on the outermost side on the side where the
The second layer. Therefore, the glass substrate for enclosing the liquid crystal inside is also the second layer only on one side. Transparent electrodes 205 and 206 for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal as needed are provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal 206 inside. FIG. 11B shows a structure in which the ring pattern 210 of the Fresnel lens is formed on the glass substrate of the liquid crystal display 200 having the above structure.
Is shown in cross section.

The ring pattern is formed by directly etching the glass or applying a resin coat to the resin on the outer surface of the liquid crystal and then compression-transferring the pattern to the resin layer. (Embodiment 3) FIG. 12 shows the configuration of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The feature of this embodiment is that the position of the observer is detected using ultrasonic waves. The third embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.

27a and 27b are ultrasonic wave irradiation devices,
Ultrasonic waves having frequencies of 100 KHz and 120 KHz are directed toward the observers 16 and 17, respectively. Reference numerals 28a and 28b denote ultrasonic wave detecting devices that detect the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic wave irradiating device.
Only the frequencies irradiated with a and 27b are selectively detected.
Reference numeral 29 denotes an ultrasonic image output device.

In this embodiment, the ultrasonic wave irradiation devices 27a, 2a and 2b are used.
The ultrasonic waves of two wavelengths emitted from 7b are reflected by two observers and are detected by the ultrasonic detecting devices 28a and 28b. The ultrasonic image output device 29 calculates the positions corresponding to the left and right screens of the observer on the black and white CRTs 12a and 12b from the detected signals, and thereby the predetermined right face graphic and left face graphic are obtained.
Output and display on a and 12b. In this case, it is possible to prepare so that the light is emitted only to the part corresponding to the face of the observer, so that the image for the right (left) can be slightly recognized by the left (right) eye due to the influence of ambient light. It is possible to eliminate such crosstalk between left and right images. (Embodiment 4) FIG. 3 shows an application configuration of the stereoscopic image display apparatus to an endoscope in the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8, and 50a and 50b are for photographing a subject. The objective lenses 51a and 51b are lens barrels incorporating an optical system for guiding the photographed image, and are installed at an angle corresponding to the vergence angle of the observer's eyes. 52
Reference numerals a and 52b are CCD cameras, and 53 is the stereoscopic image display device described as the first embodiment of the present invention and described with reference to FIG.

The operation of the endoscope device configured as described above will be described. The images of the two subjects photographed by the objective lenses 50a and 50b are formed on the CCD cameras 52a and 52b as images for the right eye and the left eye by the lens barrels 51a and 51b having a convergence angle for stereoscopic vision, respectively. Functions as a stereoscopic endoscope. The two formed images are the liquid crystal display 10a of the stereoscopic image display device 53,
10b is input and displayed as a pair of stereo images, and by the function of the stereoscopic image display device 53 described in the first embodiment of the present invention, stereoscopic viewing of images captured by the stereoscopic endoscope by a large number of observers. Is possible.

In contrast to the present embodiment, as shown in Reference Example 2, the one for performing the difference processing of the left and right half-face images displayed on the observer image display device, and the CCD camera as shown in Reference Example 3 are used. It is needless to say that it is possible to photograph one half of the face of the observer with one unit and display the half face image of the face on one side and the negative-positive inverted image of the half face on the other side.

[0052]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the lens having directivity and the spatial modulation element are integrated, the structure of the device can be simplified and the depth can be shortened. Moreover, since the Fresnel lens is used, there is no need to adjust the optical axis, which has the effect of improving the ease of assembly and the stop.

Therefore, it is possible to perform stereoscopic viewing under the same conditions for a large number of observers at the same time and even when the observers move, without the need for eyeglasses having a function of sorting left and right. Therefore, an apparatus without flicker can be realized, which greatly contributes to the practical application and expansion of applications of the stereoscopic image display apparatus and the stereoscopic endoscope apparatus.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device according to a first reference example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory diagram of the stereoscopic image display device in Reference Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a light emission wavelength distribution of a light used in the stereoscopic image display device in Reference Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a photographing device used for a stereoscopic image display device in Reference Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an operation explanatory diagram of the stereoscopic image display device in Reference Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device according to a second reference example of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device according to a third reference example of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of an element used in the examples of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of an element used in the examples of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of a conventional first example stereoscopic image display device.

FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of a stereoscopic image display device of a second conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

10a, 10b Transmissive liquid crystal display 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d
Lens 12, 12a, 12b Black and white CR
T 13, 13a, 13b, LED 14, 14a, 14b, black and white CC
D mirror 15 Half mirror 16, 17 Observer 18 Difference processing device 19, 19 'Image processing device 30 Imaging lens 31a, 31b Interference filter 32 Imaging device 33 Drive circuit 36 Light-shielding cover 110, 110a, 110b Liquid crystal display with Fresnel lens 119 Negative / Positive creation boundary image creation unit 84 Synchronous circuit 200 Liquid crystal display 201 Fresnel lens 202,209 Polarization filter 203,208,208 'Glass substrate 204 Color filter 205,207 Transparent electrode 206 Liquid crystal 210 Orbital pattern

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A spatial light modulator having a light transmissive property for displaying a stereo image, an observer image display device for illuminating the spatial modulator from the back surface, the spatial light modulator and the observer image display. A directional lens integrally provided on the back surface of the spatial modulation element in order to magnify the display portion of the observer image display device, which is located between the devices, and a photographing device for photographing the observer. The observer image display device displays a figure for illuminating the spatial modulation element at a position corresponding to the left face and a right face of the observer photographed by the photographing device. 3D image display device. 2. A spatial modulation element having a light-transmitting property for displaying a stereo image, an observer image display device for illuminating the spatial modulation element from the back surface, the spatial modulation element and the observer image display. A directional lens integrally provided on the back surface of the spatial modulation element for enlarging the display portion of the observer image display device located between the devices, and a detection device for detecting the position of the observer. And the observer image display device displays a figure for illuminating the spatial modulation element at a position corresponding to the left face and a right face of the observer detected by the detection device. A stereoscopic image display device.