JPH0698692A - Small grain pellet or granule for livestock - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain pellets for livestock capable of preventing reproductive disorder, excellent in handling properties, palatability and appearance and useful in prevention and treatment for mastitis, diarrhea, etc., by including beta-carotene and a green plant in a pellet. CONSTITUTION:The pellets or granules contain beta-carotene and a green plant such as alfalfa in a weight ratio of 1:(8-35) and further contain preferably vitamin E and/or vitamin A. The pellets or granules have 1-10mm dimensions of maximum part and 1-10mm dimensions of minimum part.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

This invention relates to small pellets or granules for feeding livestock containing β-carotene. In particular, the palatability of livestock is extremely good, and β-
Small pellets or granules that have high commercial value with no spots that are easily mistaken for the generation of mold derived from carotene and that are effective for treating and preventing reproductive disorders and mastitis in animals, and for treating and preventing diseases such as diarrhea. Regarding

Reproductive disorders, diarrhea and other diseases and mastitis in dairy cows often occur in the livestock industry and there has been a strong demand for early resolution of these problems. Reproductive disorders include premature abortion, decreased conception rate, delayed ovulation,
It is caused by embryonic death, weakened estrous signs, decreased production of luteinizing hormone, etc., and when mastitis occurs, the number of somatic cells in milk expressed increases and the commercial value of milk (milk) is increased. Markedly reduced. It has been reported that β-carotene is effective for the prevention and treatment of such reproductive disorders and mastitis in livestock, but due to poor palatability by livestock, it is often the case that feeding is not smooth. . Moreover,
Solid nutritional supplements and feeds containing β-carotene have mold-like spots derived from β-carotene on the surface thereof, and are not preferred by users and have low commercial value.

[0003]

Under the circumstances as described above, the present inventors have a good palatability and have no β-carotene-derived mold-like spots, and a β-carotene-containing nutritional supplement for livestock. Or they have continued their research with the aim of obtaining feed. As a result, in producing pellets or granules containing β-carotene, if a green plant is blended and the pellets or granules are made into small granules, the palatability by livestock is further improved, and the above-mentioned various disorders and diseases. The present invention was found to be extremely effective in the treatment and prevention of pesticides, and in addition, it is possible to make the spots that are easily mistaken for the occurrence of mold derived from β-carotene in the granules inconspicuous and improve the commercial value thereof. Was completed.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention is a small pellet or granule for livestock characterized by containing β-carotene and a green plant.

The small pellets or granules for livestock of the present invention contain a green plant together with β-carotene, whereby the palatability by livestock can be further improved. Moreover, by containing the green plant, the spots on the rough surface, which are apt to be mistaken for the generation of mold derived from β-carotene, become inconspicuous, and the commercial value thereof is greatly improved.

The green plants in this case include a lot of chlorophyll such as alfalfa, ginem, black locust, green vegetables (beetroot, komatsuna, spinach, etc.), among which alfalfa and timothy are palatable for livestock. Is higher and preferred. These green plants may be added as they are raw during the production of small pellets or granules, but it is easy to mix them when used in the form of a dry powder, the ease of producing small pellets or granules, etc. From the point of, it is preferable. Green plant is 8 to 35 per 1 part by weight of β-carotene (hereinafter simply referred to as “part”) in terms of dry matter.
It is preferable to use it in a ratio of parts from the viewpoint of improving palatability and suppressing spots derived from β-carotene.

The small pellets or granules of the present invention are easy to handle, easy to feed to domestic animals, have a preference for livestock,
-From the viewpoint of suppressing mold-like spots derived from carotene,
Generally, it is preferred that the largest part has a size in the range of 1-10 mm and the smallest part has a size in the range of 1-10 mm. Especially in the case of pellets, the diameter is 2-8m
m, preferably 2 to 4 mm, and 3 to 9 mm in length, preferably 4 to 7 mm, in the form of a pellet such as a column or prism. Further, in the case of granular bodies other than pellets, they can be spherical, elliptical, cubic, rectangular parallelepiped, pyramidal or any other shape, and the shape thereof is not particularly limited. If the size of the pellets or granules is larger than the above, when fed to livestock in addition to feed etc., it will not mix well in the feed and the livestock will prefer and prefer to be taken, and in addition to β-carotene Spots, which are likely to be mistaken for the mold to be used, become noticeable on the rough surface of the pellet or granular material. On the other hand, when the size is smaller than the above size, for example, when it is in the form of powder, the fluidity becomes poor and the handling becomes poor, and it becomes difficult to feed a predetermined amount to livestock.

When the small pellets or granules for livestock of the present invention further contain β-carotene and a green plant together with vitamin E and / or vitamin A, the effect of improving palatability by livestock and β-carotene are improved. In addition to the effect of suppressing the spots derived from it, it is possible to more effectively prevent and treat diseases such as reproductive disorders, mastitis, and diarrhea in livestock. Therefore, the present invention, together with β-carotene and green plants, provides vitamin E and As a preferred embodiment, a small-sized animal pellet or a granular material further containing Vitamin A is included.

When vitamin E is contained in the small pellets or granules of the present invention, it is preferable to contain vitamin E in an amount of 5 to 15 parts per 1 part of β-carotene, and particularly 1 β-carotene. Vitamin E to 7 ~
More preferably, it is contained in a ratio of 12 parts. By using vitamin E in combination with the above-mentioned ratio, the effect of promoting reproduction by β-carotene is more effectively exerted, and the uterus is restored after calving in cows, the recovery of ovarian function, the shortening of the return of estrus, etc. It is possible to reduce the occurrence of stasis of the placenta, prevent miscarriage, prevent or reduce the occurrence of mastitis, etc. By shortening the breeding period, livestock can be promoted. If the amount of vitamin E used relative to β-carotene is less than the above-mentioned ratio, it becomes difficult to exert the reproduction promoting function.

The β-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin A used in the present invention may be natural or synthetic, but β-carotene is particularly stable to heat and light, It is desirable to use a synthetic product because it is easily available.

Further, it is more preferable that the pellets and granules of the present invention further contain vitamin A together with β-carotene, vitamin E and green plants. When vitamin A is further contained, when the small pellets or granules of the present invention are fed to livestock, β-carotene in the pellets or granules is converted into vitamin A and consumed in the body of livestock. As a result, β-carotene supplied as pellets or granules remains in the body in the form of β-carotene, and therefore β-carotene
The above-mentioned function of promoting reproduction, function of reducing mastitis, etc. by carotene can be exhibited more favorably. When vitamin A is used in combination, 1 part of β-carotene is used for vitamin A.
Is 0.3 part or less, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 part.

The small pellets and granules of the present invention have β
-Compound 8 to 35 parts of green plant to 1 part of carotene,
Vitamin E and / or Vitamin A as required
In addition to the ingredients, a binder such as cereal flour (wheat flour, starch, etc.), soybean flour and sugar and water together with other ingredients such as thickeners, minerals, seasonings, spices, etc., if desired, are added according to a conventional method. It can be manufactured by a pelletizing method by extrusion / cutting, a granulating method by rolling or other methods, or any other method. In that case, the binding material such as flour is
It is recommended to use at a rate of about 10 to 200 parts per part of β-carotene. If the amount of binder is less than 10 parts, it becomes difficult to form small pellets or granules. Also, the water content in small pellets and granules is usually 10%.
The following is preferable from the viewpoints of storability, shape retention, handleability, and preference for livestock.

When feeding the small pellets or granules of the present invention to livestock, β-carotene that is fed to livestock as a normal feed (that is, contained in normal feed) is not taken into consideration. 1 per kg of livestock weight
If the amount of β-carotene supplied in the form of the pellets or granules of the present invention per day is 0.2 to 0.8 mg, preferably 0.4 to 0.6 mg, the above-mentioned reproductive disorders can be prevented. Recovery, promotion of reproduction, mastitis recovery and prevention function, and treatment and prevention of diseases such as diarrhea can be performed more effectively. At that time, as small pellets or granules of the present invention, vitamin E is 2 to 10 mg, preferably 3 to 5 mg, and vitamin A is 0 to 300 IU (0 to 0.09 mg) per 1 kg of livestock body weight per day. Preferably, simultaneous feeding at a rate of 160 to 200 IU can further enhance the preventive and / or therapeutic effects described above. In that case, the feeding of small pellets or granules to livestock should be continued daily or every other day.
It is preferable to carry out the treatment continuously for about 30 days to 3 months.

The small pellets and granules of the present invention may be directly fed to livestock, or may be fed by mixing with feed or drinking water, and particularly preferably by being mixed with feed. The small pellets and granules of the present invention include cattle, horses,
It can be fed to livestock such as pigs, goats, and sheep, which can improve reproductive disorders of these livestock and promote breeding, prevent mastitis and recovery, and prevent diseases such as diarrhea. In particular, when fed to a cow, the fertilization can be achieved in a short period of time due to its reproduction promoting (restoring) action. Furthermore, as a result of the rapid recovery of mastitis, the amount of somatic cells due to mastitis in the milk that has been expressed is reduced, and high-quality milk with a small number of somatic cells can be obtained.

[0015]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 (1) "Lucarotene 10%" (manufactured by BASF; β-carotene content 10%) 60 g, a mixture of alfalfa dry powder 200 g and wheat flour 740 g, and 0.1 liter of water with an extruder. To 3.2 mm in diameter and 7 m in length after kneading and extruding into a rod shape, cutting and drying.
m pellets (water content 9.2%) were produced. Β-carotene-containing pellets containing this alfalfa powder,
The state of the rough surface is uniform and smooth, and β-
The red spots derived from carotene were buried in the pellets and were hardly noticeable, and had a good appearance of almost reddish brown as a whole.

(2) A mixture of 60 g of "Lucarotin 10%" and 940 g of wheat flour was supplied to an extruder, and 0.1 liter of water was supplied to the extruder. The mixture was kneaded and extruded into a rod shape, cut and dried, and the diameter was adjusted to 3. 2 mm, 7 mm long pellets (water content 9.2%) were produced. The β-carotene-containing pellets that do not contain this alfalfa powder have a rough surface with irregularities, and the red spots derived from β-carotene are mottled and largely conspicuous, and moldy as a whole. It had such a bad appearance.

(3) 300 g of β-carotene-containing pellets containing the alfalfa powder obtained in (1) above was mixed with 5 kg of feed (Feed A; 5.3 kg in total), and obtained in (2) above. 300 g of β-carotene-containing pellets containing no alfalfa powder was fed with the same kind of feed 5
What was mixed with g (Feed B; 5.3 kg in total) was put in separate containers and fed freely to 5 cows (Holstein breed) (average weight 600 kg / head) for one day,
The intake of feed A was 5.3 kg (100%), while the intake of feed B was 3.7 kg (70%), and feed A containing alfalfa powder was added to feed B. In comparison, the preference of dairy cows was significantly better.

<Example 2> (1) 60 g of "lucarotene 10%", "Ravbit E"
50 "(manufactured by Nisshin Badisher; vitamin E content 50)
%) 120 g, 200 g of alfalfa dry powder and 620 g of wheat flour, and 0.1 liter of water are supplied to an extruder, and the mixture is kneaded and extruded into a rod shape, cut and dried to have a diameter of 3.2 mm and a length of 3.2 mm. 7 mm pellets (water content 9.2%) were produced. This pellet is β-
Moldy spots derived from carotene were hardly noticeable and had a good appearance.

(2) Increase the amount of "Rabbit E50" to 40
Pellets having the same diameter, length and water content as in (1) above were produced in the same manner as in (1) above except that the amount was changed to g. This pellet also had a good appearance with no spots due to β-carotene.

(3) Pellets having the same diameter, length and water content as in (1) above, except that 60 g of "rucarotene 10%" was added without adding "Rutabit E50". Was manufactured. Also in this pellet, spots derived from β-carotene were hardly noticeable.

(4) (i) The number of somatic cells in milk is 4 × 10
Nine cows (Holstein breed) considered to have latent mastitis of ⁵ or more / ml (average body weight 570 kg / head) were prepared, and these were divided into 3 groups of 3 cows each. (Ii) For group 1 dairy cows, the amount of β-carotene supplied is 300 mg / day, the head and the amount of vitamin E supplied are 3
The pellet of the above (1) was added to the feed every other day so as to be 000 mg / day / head, and the feed was continued for 1 month. When the number of somatic cells in the milk expressed after one month was measured, the results shown in Table 1 below were obtained. (iii) For the second group of dairy cows, the amount of β-carotene fed is 300 mg / day, the head and the amount of vitamin E fed are 1
The pellet of the above (2) was added to the feed every other day so as to be 000 mg / day / head, and the feed was continued for 1 month. When the number of somatic cells in the milk expressed after one month was measured, the results shown in Table 1 below were obtained. (Iv) For the dairy cows in Group 3, the pellets of (3) above are added to the feed every other day so that the amount of β-carotene to be fed is 300 mg / day / head, which is then fed. Continued for 1 month. When the number of somatic cells in the milk expressed after one month was measured, the results shown in Table 1 below were obtained.

[0023]

[Table 1]

Example 3 (1) Similar to (1) of Example 2 except that 4 g of "Rutabit A500" (manufactured by Nisshin Berdish; vitamin A content of 500,000 IU / g) was used. Pellets with a diameter of 3.2 mm and a length of 7 mm (water content 9.4
%) Was produced. In this pellet, mold-like spots derived from β-carotene were hardly noticeable and had a good appearance.

(2) Same as above (1) except that alfalfa is not added, diameter 3.2 mm, length 7 m
m pellets (water content 9.4%) were produced. This pellet had many spots such as molds derived from β-carotene.

(3) A mixture of 300 g of the pellet of (1) above and 15 kg of feed (Feed A; 15.3k in total)
g) and 300 g of the pellet of (2) above mixed with 15 kg of the same type of feed (Feed B; total 15.3 kg)
Put each in a separate container, 3 cows (average weight 540k
g / head) was allowed to eat freely for 1 day, the intake of feed A was 15.3 kg (100%), while the intake of feed B was 12.0 kg (78.4%), The preference of the feed A containing was excellent.

Reference Example 1 [Feeding test for pellets to cows] (1) 7 cows (average weight of about 600 kg /
Heads were prepared (the normal gestation period of healthy cows without reproductive disorders is about 60 to 90 days). (2) For 5 cows among them, the amount of β-carotene was 300 mg / day / head, the amount of vitamin E was 3000 mg / day / head, and the amount of vitamin A was 30.
When the pellets of (1) of Example 3 were added to the feed every other day so as to reach mg / day / head, fertilization was possible after the number of days shown in Table 2 below, counting from the pellet feeding day. It became a state. (3) For the 6th cow, the amount of β-carotene was 300 mg / day, the amount of head and vitamin E was 10
When the pellet of (2) of Example 2 was added to the feed every other day so as to be 00 mg / day / head, the results were as shown in Table 2. (4) For the 7th cow, the amount of β-carotene to be supplied should be 300 mg / day / head so that (3) in Example 2 was used.
When pellets were added to the feed every other day and fed,
The results are shown in Table 2.

[0028]

[Table 2]

[0029]

The small pellets or granules of the present invention are
It is extremely effective in treating and preventing reproductive disorders and mastitis in livestock, especially cows, and in treating and preventing diseases such as diarrhea in young livestock. Since the small-sized pellet or granular material of the present invention contains a green plant, it is highly preferred by livestock. In addition, since the green plant is contained, the mold-like spots derived from β-carotene are not conspicuous on the surface and have a good appearance, which has high commercial value. Further, the small pellets or granules of the present invention have good handleability and are easy to feed to livestock, so in combination with their good palatability, a predetermined amount of β-carotene, and if necessary, Vitamin E and / or vitamin A can be easily and surely ingested by livestock.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Small pellets or granules for livestock containing β-carotene and a green plant. 2. The pellet or granule for livestock according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of β-carotene: green plant is 1: 8 to 35 by weight. 3. The small-sized livestock pellets or granules according to claim 1, further comprising vitamin E and / or vitamin A. 4. The small-sized livestock pellets or granules according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the maximum part has a size in the range of 1 to 10 mm and the minimum part has a size in the range of 1 to 10 mm.