JPH06231221A - Three-dimensional object shape generating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a function for working and generating directly a three- dimensional object shape in a computer, etc., based on the motion and the sense of hand, in the three-dimensional object shape generating method. CONSTITUTION:A pressure sensitive sensor sheet 1 is stuck onto the surface of a fundamental structure, pressure applied to its surface is detected by an operator's hand, etc., and a point affected by its pressure is measured by a measuring data processing part 8. From pressure data in those points of application, a pressure distribution histogram is generated by a plotting processing in a threshold difference arithmetic part 10, and to an object by a graphics expression of its fundamental structure, working and deformation are applied in the same way as clay works are executed. With respect to it, a formative image is expressed on a display 13 in an immediately visible shape through a graphics data generating part 11 and a graphic engine 12. In such a way, a shape generating function being suitable for a sensory and minute work is realized.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for generating a three-dimensional shape by computer graphics or the like, and to a method for generating a three-dimensional object shape used in fields such as creation and mechanical design.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As this type of technology, three-dimensional drawing (3
Angle method) A method in which a straight line or a plane described on each surface is combined as a input condition with a computer and displayed using a perspective method, or the object shape input using a three-dimensional mouse is an afterimage effect on the eyes. There is a method (three-dimensional display, Kameyama et al. (Toshiba)) of projecting on a moving screen using a light emitting diode using.

[0003]

However, among the above-mentioned conventional three-dimensional object shape generation methods, the method of synthesizing a three-dimensional shape from each three-dimensional surface by a computer requires a certain amount of accurate input, but the input is troublesome. However, the method of making the 3D object shape visible on the moving screen by using the afterimage effect of the eye allows intuitive data input, but the solid surface cannot be displayed due to the light and shade. I can't express the surface,
Alternatively, there is a problem that the device becomes large in size because a rotary drive mechanism is required.

In general, computer graphics shape generation is generally performed by reducing the data input work,
Moreover, it is necessary to present it to the operator as if he were making something like clay work and building blocks. There is also a method (a network-enabled virtual reality system (NEC)) in which a collaborative worker who wears a data glove via a network processes the same virtual design object, but detailed work can be performed because there is no clue such as feeling. Not practical.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to detect the movement of a hand and the sense of touch (pressure sensitivity) in a computer or the like, as in the case of clay work. The object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional object shape generation method that realizes a required function of easily inputting, which can directly process the shape of a three-dimensional object.

[0006]

To achieve the above object, in the first method of three-dimensional object shape generation of the present invention, first, the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure is detected,
Next, the three-dimensional coordinate on which the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure acts is measured by the pressure data distribution, and then,
It is characterized in that an object represented by predetermined graphics is deformed by the pressure data in the three-dimensional coordinates.

Also, in the second method of generating a three-dimensional object shape of the present invention, first, the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure is detected, and then the basic structure is calculated from the pressure data distribution. The three-dimensional coordinate on which the pressure applied to the surface of the object acts and the pressure action time are measured, and then the object represented by the predetermined graphics by the pressure action time integration data of the pressure data at the three-dimensional coordinate is displayed. It is characterized by being deformed.

[0008]

In the three-dimensional object shape generation method of the present invention, the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure by the operator's hand and the point and time at which the pressure acts, are detected, and the basic structure is used as a clue. It is suitable for sensuous and detailed work, and easy to input, by transforming the object with the graphic representation of the object as if it were clay crafting, and expressing the image of the modeling immediately Realize a unique shape generation function.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an object shape generation input device for realizing the three-dimensional object shape generation method of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a pressure-sensitive sensor used above. It is a figure which shows the usage example of a sheet.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a pressure-sensitive sensor sheet, which is attached to a basic structure determined by input conditions and the like. 2 is a row-direction multiplexer and 3 is a column-direction multiplexer. Reference numeral 4 is an A / D converter, 5 is a counter, and 6 is a matrix logic circuit. The detection signal of the operation pressure applied to the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 is read from the row-direction multiplexer 2, converted into digital data by the A / D converter, counted by the counter 5, and counted by the row-direction multiplexer 2 and the column-direction multiplexer 3. Are controlled to sequentially scan each scanning point, and are taken into the matrix logic circuit 6. Reference numeral 7 denotes an I / O, which transfers the data of the matrix logic circuit 6 to a control unit composed of the following units. 8
Is a measurement data processing unit that measures the three-dimensional coordinates of the point where pressure is applied to the surface of the basic structure, and 9 is a pressure maximum value management table. Perform the process to update the value. Reference numeral 10 denotes a threshold value difference calculation unit that subtracts the applied pressure from the default threshold value and performs drawing processing for creating a pressure data distribution histogram. Reference numeral 11 denotes a graphics data generation unit, which converts the pressure data distribution histogram calculated by the threshold value difference into a graphics data format. A graphics engine 12 generates 3D graphics and displays them on the display 13. 1
Reference numeral 4 denotes a function unit, which can issue an instruction to rotate graphics while deforming / processing, for example.

As the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1, for example, a special ink exhibiting pressure-sensitive resistance is arranged and sandwiched between two films (manufactured by Nitta Co., Ltd., pressure sensor sheet (I- SCAN)) and the like can be used. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the basic structure is attached to the surface of a cylindrical structure 15 placed on the function portion 14.

Next, the three-dimensional object shape generation method of the present embodiment will be shown by the operation example of the above-mentioned configuration example. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation, and shows a flow in which graphics are deformed by an operating force applied to the basic structure.

First, the graphics data generator 11
At, the model of the object of graphics to be processed is identified from the shape of the basic structure to which the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 is attached. At this time, N rows L of the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1
The matrix of columns and each operation shape surface of the object are matched.
The number of patches (resolution) forming graphics depends on the matrix of N rows and L columns of the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1. Further, the line segment connecting the vertices of each patch for forming graphics can be complemented with a continuous curve by the finite element method. Then, the characteristics (hardness, adhesion, elasticity) of the material can be expressed by changing the parameters of the complementary method.

The operator inputs an unprocessed default shape corresponding to a lump of clay on the assumption of an outline of the shape desired to be expressed by the initial setting. The default shape is input by using a simple method in which the surface on the graphic corresponding to the surface to which the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 is attached expands radially evenly while the button is pressed. A threshold group is initially set with this default shape as a reference pressure distribution of N rows and L columns.

Then, in the matrix logic circuit 6, N
The data scanned in the order of each scanning point in the row L column is transmitted to the measurement data processing unit 8. The transmitted current measured pressure value (actual pressure actual measurement value) is compared with the value in the pressure maximum value management table 9, and the pressure maximum value at each scanning point is constantly detected.
At this time, the maximum pressure value management table 9 is updated.

The detected pressure maximum value at each scanning point is subtracted from the corresponding reference pressure threshold value at each scanning point in the threshold value difference calculating section 10. When scanning the scan matrix of N rows and L columns, graphics generation _{function, F nl (p g) =} {c · f i (p t -p m) │f i = (f i1,
_{f i2, ..., f iL)} , 1 ≦ i ≦ N} p t: the reference pressure threshold p _m: Operation pressure measurement c: a proportional constant. An operation pressure distribution histogram of N rows and L columns is created from the data group subjected to the subtraction processing. The created pressure histogram is converted into a graphics data format by the graphics data generation unit 11, and the graphics engine 12 deforms and generates a 3D graphics object model (object) in real time.

In the present embodiment, the function section 14 has a graphics rotation function, and pushes a button to rotate the object of graphics, and at the same time the object 1 is rotated.
When an operation force is applied to a location, the graphics data generation unit 11 sequentially copies the pressure value acting on one location to the operation point in the rotation (row) direction by the rotation angle. Then, the object model can be processed and deformed by rotating the wheel and reflecting the operating force on the entire circumference.

It should be noted that the graphics data generated by the graphics data generation unit 11 is processed by measuring data in order to correlate to which surface of the target model after deformation the point on which the operating pressure applied thereafter is applied. Part 8
Be fed back to.

Specific examples of use according to the above embodiment will be shown below.

FIG. 4 shows that when the operator actually grips the object shape generation input device using the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 on the cylindrical basic structure 15 and applies an operation pressure, the object of graphics is deformed. FIG.

When the operator applies an operation pressure to a part of the basic structure 15 to which the pressure sensitive sensor sheet 1 is attached, that part is depressed from the default shape. Here, the button 1 of the function unit 14 having the graphics rotation function
When the graphics is rotated by pressing 4a, the object shape is constricted and transformed into a geometrical shape as if the wheel was turned. Further, as described above, if the matrix of the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 is increased to increase the resolution, or if the means for complementing the line segment connecting each scanning point of the matrix is used, the viscosity, hardness, friction, etc., which differ depending on the material, It is also possible to express characteristics.

In FIG. 5, the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 is attached not only to the outer side surface but also to the inner side surface of the cylindrical basic structure 15 of the object shape generation / input device, and is subjected to processing / deformation such that the pressure sensitive sensor sheet 1 extends from the inner side to the outer side. It is the figure which showed the operation example in the case.

At the time of use, the basic structure 15 corresponding to a relatively generated shape is prepared and the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 is attached to the front and back surfaces thereof. Here, when the operator presses the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 from the back surface (inside), a part of the object shape swells in the front surface (outside) direction. Next, the bulge can be suppressed by pressing the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 1 on the surface corresponding to the bulge.

Although not shown, it is also possible to attach a pressure-sensitive sensor sheet to the entire surface of the two-box type box to generate the shape of the automobile. At this time, it is necessary to map the positional relationship between each surface of the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction at the stage of identifying the model of the object of graphics to be processed from the shape of the basic structure.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be shown.

In the above-described first embodiment, the management table 9 for holding the maximum value of the pressure at each point of the pressure sensitive sensor sheet 1 is provided, and the pressure at a certain measurement and the maximum pressure in the maximum pressure management table 9 are measured. The drawing data was generated by comparing the value with a value and creating a pressure distribution histogram for the amount exceeding a predetermined threshold value. However, in the present embodiment, the pressure at each operating point and the pressure action time are An example of generating drawing data by the integrated value will be shown. Specifically, 1 in the first embodiment
It is realized by changing the graphics generation function of the arithmetic unit corresponding to 0 as follows.

When a scanning matrix of N rows and L columns is scanned, the drawing function for generating graphics has the operating action force p _m as a variable of the drawing function: P _m → x _m = c · p _m F _nl ( x _g ) = F _nl (x _t −x _m ) = {f _i (x _i ) −c ·
f _i (p _m ) | f _i = (f _i1 , f _i2 , ..., f _il ), 1 ≦ i
≦ N} p _m : Operating force (actual pressure measurement value) x _m : Drawing variable (deformation amount) x _t : Drawing threshold value t: Operating force action time v _m : Drawing speed c: Represented by proportional constant.

In this case, since the maximum value of the operating force is always the maximum value of the drawing variable that deforms the graphics,
When the acting force is applied once and then deformed by applying the acting force again, the deformation is not performed unless the acting force larger than the previous acting force is applied. In order to give the operator a natural sense of operation when processing the clay of a real object, relative control is required in which the deformation is repeated even with an operation force below the maximum value in the stage of deforming by applying action force again. Is.

Therefore, it is considered that the deformation amount of the drawing function is increased according to the time during which the operating force is applied, and the drawing speed is increased according to the operating force. When the operating force action time t is a variable of the drawing function and the operating force p _m is a variable of the drawing speed v _m , t → x _m = v _m · t = c · p _m · t p _m → v _m = c _{· p m, v m = x} m / t

[0031]

[Equation 1]

As described above, the drawing function is represented by the integral value of the function of the operating force and the operating time of the operating force.

This makes it possible to reflect the deformation amount of the drawing function at any point in the deforming work process in which the operating force acts. Then, the operator can deform the virtual object according to an arbitrary force sensation at any point in the work process. The operating force action time is measured by a time measuring means such as a timer provided in the measurement data processing unit 8 of FIG. 1, for example.

Further, a button is provided separately from the above, and while the button is pressed, the drawing variable (deformation amount) is increased according to the operation acting force to perform deformation, and when the button is returned, the drawing is stopped and the value of the operation acting force is changed. It is also possible to simply control so that the operation action force is reflected again on the drawing at the time of being refreshed and deformed.

As described in each of the above embodiments, by using the three-dimensional object shape generation method by pressure operation of the hand of the present invention, the shape generation in which the object is processed by only the hand operation force is performed. You can

If a pressure-sensitive sensor sheet sandwiching a grid in which special ink is arranged in a matrix on a film as in this embodiment is used, the degree of freedom of the basic structure shape which is the default setting can be increased. Then, it is possible to provide a new creation style of a virtual two-person haori type in which a plurality of workers interact with one object from the same direction in parallel via a network. This means that when both sides are operating objects that have directionality such as back / front and top / bottom, and they want to work from the same viewpoint, their bodies will collide as they would in a real work space. There is a merit that you can operate without.

In addition, the basic structure with the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet attached can be freely moved horizontally, vertically, or diagonally in conjunction with the graphics, or enlarged according to the work application.
It is also possible to provide a reduction function. further,
By connecting the shape generation input device according to the present invention to a machine tool or the like, the created graphics object can be output in the form of a resin material or a woodwork product.

In the above embodiment, the pressure-sensitive sensor sheet in which the special ink is arranged between the two polyester sheets in a matrix is used, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be used as appropriate. Other means can be used depending on the purpose of use, work environment, and accuracy required for work. In addition, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0039]

As described above, according to the present invention, by using the three-dimensional object shape generation method by the pressure operation of the hand, it is possible to easily input and visualize the modeling image in a form that can be immediately seen. it can. This has a practical effect that the image shape described by a complicated mathematical expression can be intuitively expressed in a shape so that anyone can understand it.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an object shape generation input device for realizing a three-dimensional object shape generation method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a usage example of a pressure-sensitive sensor sheet used in the configuration example of the object shape generation / input device.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a three-dimensional object shape generation method of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a specific usage example according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of a specific usage example according to the first embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Pressure-sensitive sensor sheet 2 ... Row direction multiplexer 3 ... Column direction multiplexer 4 ... A / D converter 5 ... Counter 6 ... Matrix theoretical circuit 7 ... I / O 8 ... Measurement data processing unit 9 ... Pressure maximum value management table 10 ... Threshold difference calculation unit 11 ... Graphics data generation unit 12 ... Graphics engine 13 ... Display 14 ... Function unit 15 ... Cylindrical structure (basic structure)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. First, the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure is detected, and then the three-dimensional coordinate on which the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure acts is measured by the pressure data distribution, Next, a method for generating a three-dimensional object shape, characterized by deforming an object represented by a predetermined graphic by the pressure data in the three-dimensional coordinates. 2. First, the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure is detected, and then the three-dimensional coordinates and the pressure action time on which the pressure applied to the surface of the basic structure acts according to the pressure data distribution. Is measured, and then the object represented by the predetermined graphics is deformed by the pressure action time integration data of the pressure data at the three-dimensional coordinates, and the three-dimensional object shape generation method is characterized.