JPH05188506A - Formation of panoramic photograph - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the method for formation of the photograph suitable for panoramic photography and the camera by joining plural photographs, determining the tentative connecting lines perpendicular to the center lines of the same adjacent images and correcting the position in accordance with specific equation to determine the true connecting line. CONSTITUTION:The photographs 1, 2 of the same images are positioned on the same straight line and the tentative connecting lines are set respectively perpendicularly to the straight line connecting the centers of these two photographs. Reference points are set in the characteristic micropictures above and below the respective tentative connecting lines and both inter-reference point distances are measured. The ratio of the measured inter-reference point distances is then so determined as to attain <=1 and a square value K is obtd. The sum of the distances from the respective centers to the respective tentative connecting lines, i.e., an inter-center distance 2a, of the two photographs is determined. The corresponding focal length(f)obtd. by multiplying the focal length of the lens by an enlargement magnification is then calculated and the corrected moving quantity(d)of the tentative connecting lines is determined. The moving quantity of the tentative connecting line d=[(1-K)/(1+K)]X[(a<2>+f<2>)/2a] of the photographs 1, 2 is slight and a deviation is hardly admitted in such a case.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for creating a panoramic photograph in which a plurality of photographs are stitched together. More specifically, it relates to a method of creating a panoramic photograph in which the position of a connecting line at the time of joining is easily obtained.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when making a photograph of a vast landscape, an ordinary camera is used to take pictures on a plurality of films while successively superimposing the scenery little by little. The method is adopted. The pictures obtained in this way connect the pictures taken from different directions with a certain angle, so the scenery itself is discontinuous in a polygonal line, but it is easy to prepare without preparing a special base material. Since it is possible to obtain photographs that convey the entire perspective, this method is often used in photography for academic research.

The transverse linear discontinuity in the photograph obtained by this method is fatal, and there is no way to eliminate it. However, the vertical displacement of the scenery above the joining line (connection line) that is often seen is unsightly as a single photo,
Disappoint.

In order to solve this problem, the inventor of the present invention uses a spherical trigonometric method to draw the intersection line of two intersecting screens (films) in which the photograph is the central projection and the viewpoint (optical center of the lens) is shared. We have already proposed a method of finding the intersection line (junction line) on the photograph by finding it (Fig.
Issue, pages 3-8, August 1989).

However, in the method according to the above-mentioned proposal by the present inventor, although the joining line (connection line) is accurately obtained, the spherical trigonometry is used, but the calculation becomes complicated. Therefore, it has a drawback that a high-level computer such as a personal computer is required.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. In the panoramic photography in which a connecting line is easily required without using a high-level computer such as a personal computer. It is intended to provide a preparation method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a camera suitable for taking panoramic photographs.

[0007]

The first aspect of the method of creating a panoramic picture of the present invention is a method of creating a panoramic picture in which a plurality of pictures are spliced together, and the same image of adjacent pictures is the same. A step of positioning so as to come on a straight line, a step of tentatively setting a connecting line in each of the adjacent photographs perpendicular to a straight line connecting the centers of the adjacent photographs, and each of the tentatively set connecting lines A procedure for selecting one reference point above and one below the reference point, a procedure for measuring the reference point-to-reference point distance set above and below each of the provisionally set connecting lines, A step of calculating the square value of the ratio value such that the square value is less than 1, and a step of measuring the center-to-center distance between the adjacent photographs,
Using the procedure of calculating the equivalent focal length, the squared value of the ratio of the distances between the reference points, the measured distance between the centers of the adjacent photographs and the equivalent focal length, the provisional value is set by the following formula. It is characterized by including a procedure for calculating a corrected movement amount of the connecting line and a procedure for determining a true connecting line based on the correction movement amount.

D = [(1-k) / (1 + k)]. [(A
² + f ² ) / 2a]

Here, d: corrected movement amount k: squared value of ratio value of reference point distances (<1) 2a: measured value of center distance between adjacent photographs f: equivalent focal length

In the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the reference point is provided in a minute pixel having a characteristic.

The second aspect of the method for creating a panoramic picture of the present invention is a method for creating a panoramic picture in which a plurality of pictures are joined, and the method is one above and below one end of adjacent pictures. The procedure for selecting the reference point for each of the above, and the procedure for selecting the reference point for the end opposite to the end for which the reference point is selected in the other adjacent photograph as well. The procedure of measuring the distance between the reference points, the procedure of specifying the selected reference points in the photograph in which the reference points are not selected, and the procedure of specifying the specified 2 in each of the adjacent photographs. The procedure for measuring the distance between the points and the square value of the ratio of the measured distance between the two points and the corresponding reference point distance are determined so that the square value is less than 1. In each of the procedure and the adjacent picture, each of the above Horizontal distance between the reference point and the neighborhood of each of the upper specific points, and a procedure for measuring the horizontal distance between each of the lower reference points and each of the lower specific points and the neighborhood, and each of the measured horizontal distances. By the following formulas (1) to (4),
It is characterized in that it comprises a step of calculating a horizontal distance from the position where the reference point of each end is selected to the connecting line, and a step of creating a connecting line based on the calculated horizontal distance. .

Q = M [(1 + V) / (1-V)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (1) R = N [(1 + U) / (1-U)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (2) S ＝ O [(1+ V) / (1-V)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (3) T = P [(1 + U) / (1 -U)) / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (4)

Where Q: horizontal distance from the vicinity of the reference point above one photograph to the connecting line R: horizontal distance from the vicinity of the reference point above the other photograph to the connecting line S: below the one photograph Horizontal distance from the reference point to the connection line T: Horizontal distance from the reference point below the other photo to the connection line M: Reference point above one photo and above the other photo in the one photo Horizontal distance from the reference point near the specified point N: Horizontal distance between the reference point above the other photo and the specified point near the reference point above the other photo in the other photo O: From the one photo Horizontal distance between the lower reference point and the specific point of the lower reference point of the other photo in the one photo P: The lower reference point of the other photo and the lower part of the one photo in the other photo Horizontal distance between the reference point and a specific point U: Distance between specific points in the other photo and one photo Square value of the ratio of the values of the inter-reference point distance (<1) V: square value of the ratio of the values of the reference point distance pictures distance and other inter-specific point of one of the pictures (<1)

In the second aspect of the method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention, it is preferable that the reference point is provided in a minute pixel having a feature.

Furthermore, the camera for panoramic photography of the present invention is characterized in that a rotating jig having a rotation center is disposed at the first principal point position of the lens.

In the camera for panoramic photography of the present invention, it is preferable that the position of the rotating jig can be moved according to the position of the first principal point of the lens.

[0017]

In the method of creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention, since a connecting line of a plurality of photographs is obtained without using spherical trigonometry, a high-level computer such as a personal computer becomes unnecessary.

Further, in the panoramic picture taking camera of the present invention, since the rotating jig having the rotation center is arranged at the first principal point position of the lens, the panoramic picture can be taken easily. .

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described based on embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 4 are explanatory views of an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, FIGS. 5 to 10 are illustrations of an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is the present invention. 2 is a schematic view of a camera for panoramic photography of FIG.

Example 1 A panoramic photography camera having a rotation jig having a rotation center at the first principal point position of a lens is set on a tripod, and a plurality of objects are rotated while being rotated at an angle within which a part of an object overlaps. I took a number of photos. A plurality of photographed photographs were sequentially processed according to the following procedure to create a panoramic photograph.

Procedure 1 for creating a panoramic photograph

Step 1: The first photograph (hereinafter, photograph 1
Positioning is performed so that the same image of the second photo (hereinafter, referred to as Photo 2) is on the same straight line. (Fig. 1
reference)

Step 2: Temporarily set a connecting line in Photo 1 and Photo 2 perpendicular to a straight line connecting the centers of Photo 1 and Photo 2. Hereinafter, this connection line is referred to as a temporary connection line. (Fig. 2
reference)

Step 3: Set reference points above and below the temporary connection lines of each of the photographs 1 and 2. This reference point is preferably selected in a characteristic minute pixel. The reference point is preferably set by forming a pinhole at the selected position. By forming this pinhole, the subsequent work can be performed on the back surface of the photograph. (See Figure 3)

Step 4: The distance between the reference points set in the photographs 1 and 2 is measured.

Step 5: The ratio of the measured distances between the reference points is calculated so that the ratio value is less than 1, and the value is 2
Get on. Let this squared value be k.

Step 6: Measure the center-to-center distance between Photo 1 and Photo 2. Here, this center distance means Photo 1.
From the center O ₁ of the photo to the temporary connection line on the photo 1 (line segment O ₁ W _{1 in} Fig. 3) and the vertical distance from the center O ₂ of the photo 2 to the temporary connection line on the photo 2 (Fig. The sum of the line segment O ₂ W _{2 in 3} ). Then, this value is set to 2a. The centers of the photograph 1 and the photograph 2 are obtained, for example, by imprinting the frame of the film and determining the intersection of the diagonal lines. Also in this case, if a pinhole is formed in each corner, the work can be performed on the back surface of the photograph.

Step 7: Calculate the equivalent focal length f.
Here, the equivalent focal length is the focal length of the lens multiplied by the enlargement magnification.

Step 8: Using k, 2a and f obtained in the previous step, the corrected movement amount d of the temporary connection line is obtained by the following equation. Although the correction movement amounts of the tentative connection lines in Photo 1 and Photo 2 do not strictly match, the difference is very small, and therefore the same value does not cause any practical problem. (See Figure 4)

D = [(1-k) / (1 + k)]. [(A
² + f ² ) / 2a]

In the following, the connection line was obtained up to the final photograph in the same manner as above, and a panoramic photograph was prepared. The obtained panoramic photograph did not show any vertical shift on the connecting line.

Example 2 A plurality of photographs were taken in the same manner as in Example 1. A plurality of photographed photographs were sequentially processed according to the following procedure to create a panoramic photograph.

Step 2 of creating a panoramic photograph

Step 1: The first photograph (hereinafter, photograph 2)
Reference points are set above and below the connection-side end of each of the first photograph and the second photograph (hereinafter, photograph 22). This reference point is preferably selected in a characteristic minute pixel. The reference point is preferably set by forming a pinhole as in the first embodiment. (See Figure 5)

Step 2: The distance J between the reference points of the photograph 21 and the distance L between the reference points of the photograph 22 are measured. (See Figure 6)

Step 3: Set the reference point of Photo 21 to Photo 22
Specify in. This identification is also preferably performed by forming a pinhole. Similarly, the reference point of the photograph 22 is also specified in the photograph 21. (See Figure 7)

Step 4: The distance I between the reference points of the photograph 21 specified in the photograph 22 is measured. Similarly, the reference point distance K of the photograph 22 specified in the photograph 21 is also measured.
(See Figure 8)

Step 5: Obtain the ratio of the distance I between the reference points and the distance J between the reference points such that the value of the ratio is less than 1.
The value is squared and the value is set as U. Similarly, the ratio between the reference point distance K and the reference point distance L is calculated so that the ratio value is less than 1, and the value is squared and the value is set as V.

Step 6: The horizontal distance M between the reference point and the vicinity of the specific point is measured above the photograph 21, and the horizontal distance O between the reference point and the vicinity of the specific point is measured below. Similarly, the horizontal distance N between the reference point and the vicinity of the specific point is measured above the photograph 22, and the horizontal distance P between the reference point and the vicinity of the specific point is measured below. (See Figure 9)

Step 7: Using M, N, O, P, U and V obtained in the previous step, the following equations (1) to
According to (4), the horizontal distance Q from the vicinity of the upper reference point in Photo 21 to the connecting line, the horizontal distance R from the vicinity of the upper reference point in Photo 22 to the connecting line, and the connection line from the vicinity of the lower reference point in Photo 21 And the horizontal distance T from the vicinity of the reference point below the photograph 22 to the connecting line. (Fig. 1
0)

Q = M [(1 + V) / (1-V)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (1) R = N [(1 + U) / (1-U)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (2) S ＝ O [(1+ V) / (1-V)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (3) T = P [(1 + U) / (1 -U)) / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (4)

Step 8: Create connection lines based on the obtained horizontal distances. (See Figure 10)

In the following, a panoramic photograph was formed by obtaining connection lines up to the final photograph in the same manner as described above. The obtained panoramic photograph did not show any vertical shift on the connecting line.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the panoramic photography camera of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 11, the panoramic photography camera of the present invention comprises a camera body 1 and a rotating jig 2. The camera body 1 is the same as a conventional single-lens reflex camera, and therefore a detailed description of its configuration is omitted.

The rotating jig 2 is composed of a rotating body holding member 21 fixed to the camera body 1 by appropriate means and a rotating body 22 held by the rotating body holding member 21. Rotating body holding member 2
1, a rotation protrusion 23 having a rotation center at the first principal point position of the lens is formed in the direction opposite to the camera body 1. The rotation projection 23 is rotatably fitted into a hole 24 formed so as to have a rotation center at the first principal point position of the lens, which is similar to the rotation body 22. Rotating body 22
Although not shown in the drawing, the center of rotation of the bottom surface of the is formed with an internal thread that is screwed into the external thread of the tripod. With such a configuration, the camera body 1 can be rotated about the first principal point of the lens. Further, a plurality of locking members 25 are embedded in the rotation protrusion 23. By locking these locking members 25 in the locking grooves 26 formed in the holes 24, it is possible to prevent the rotating body 22 from falling off the rotating body holding member 21. In addition, the rotation jig 2 may be provided with a camera rotation angle detector, a stopper for preventing the rotation of the camera from a set rotation angle, and the like.

In the example shown in FIG. 11, the position of the rotation projection 23 is fixed, but the position of the rotation projection 23 is movable according to the position of the first principal point of the lens used. Preferably. This can be achieved, for example, by forming a guide hole in the rotary member holding member 21 and sliding the rotation projection 23 on the guide hole.

The rotating mechanism for rotating the camera body 1 and / or the moving mechanism for the rotating portion are not limited to those described above, and a conventionally known rotating mechanism and / or moving mechanism may be employed. obtain.

[0050]

As described above, according to the method of creating a panoramic picture of the present invention, the position of the connecting line which is practically no problem can be easily obtained without using a high-level computer, so that the panoramic picture can be obtained. Can be created easily.

Further, by using the panoramic picture producing camera of the present invention, it is possible to take a picture for a panoramic picture using an ordinary tripod.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a part of an explanatory view of a first aspect of a method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a part of an explanatory view of a first aspect of the method of creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a part of an explanatory view of a first aspect of the method of creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a part of an explanatory view of a first aspect of the method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a part of an explanatory view of a second aspect of the method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a part of an explanatory view of a second aspect of the method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a part of an explanatory view of a second aspect of the method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a part of an explanatory view of a second aspect of the method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a part of an explanatory view of a second aspect of the method for creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a part of an explanatory view of a second aspect of the method of creating a panoramic photograph of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a panoramic photography camera of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Camera body 2 Rotating jig

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method of creating a panoramic photograph in which a plurality of photographs are spliced together, wherein a procedure of positioning so that the same images of adjacent photographs are on the same straight line and a center of the adjacent photographs are arranged. A procedure for temporarily setting a connecting line on each of the adjacent photographs perpendicular to the connecting straight line, a procedure for selecting one reference point above and below each of the temporarily set connecting lines, and the temporarily setting The procedure of measuring the distance between the reference points set above and below each of the connected connecting lines and the square value of the ratio value of the distance between the reference points are set so that the square value is less than 1. , A procedure for measuring the distance between the centers of the adjacent photographs, a procedure for calculating the equivalent focal length, a square value of the ratio of the distances between the reference points, the center of the adjacent photographs Using the measured distance and the equivalent focal length A method of creating a panoramic photograph, comprising: a step of calculating a correction movement amount of the provisionally set connection line by the following formula; and a step of determining a true connection line based on the correction movement amount. d = [(1-k) / (1 + k)] · [(a ² + f ² ) / 2
a] where: d: corrected movement amount k: squared value of the ratio of the distances between reference points (<1) 2a: measured value of the distance between the centers of adjacent photographs f: the equivalent focal length 2. The method of creating a panoramic photograph according to claim 1, wherein the reference point is provided in a minute pixel having a characteristic. 3. A method of creating a panoramic photograph in which a plurality of photographs are spliced together, the procedure including selecting reference points above and below one end of adjacent photographs, and the other adjacent photograph. Also in the photograph, the procedure for selecting a reference point also at the end opposite to the end where the reference point is selected,
In the procedure of measuring the distance between each of the selected reference points, each of the selected reference points in the photograph in which the reference points are not selected, and in each of the adjacent photographs, The procedure for measuring the distance between the specified two points, and the square value of the ratio value of the measured distance between the two points and the corresponding reference point distance, the square value is less than 1. Thus, in each of the adjacent photographs, the horizontal distance between each upper reference point and the vicinity of each upper specific point, and each lower reference point and each lower specific point. The horizontal distance from the position where the reference point of each end is selected to the connection line is calculated by the following equations (1) to (4) by measuring the horizontal distance between A procedure for calculating the distance and a connecting line based on the calculated horizontal distance Preparation method Panoramas characterized by comprising a step of creating. Q = M [(1 + V) / (1-V)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (1) R = N [( (1 + U) / (1-U)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (2) S ＝ O 〔(1 + V) / (1-V)] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (3) T = P [(1 + U) / (1-U) ] / [(1 + V) / (1-V) + (1 + U) / (1-U)] (4) where: Q: Horizontal from near the reference point above one photo to the connecting line Distance R: Horizontal distance from the upper reference point on the other photo to the connection line S: Horizontal distance from the lower reference point on the one photo to the connection line T: Connection from the lower reference point on the other photo Horizontal distance to line M: Horizontal distance between a reference point above one photo and the reference point near the reference point above the other photo in one photo N: Reference point above the other photo and the reference point Horizontal distance between the upper reference point of one photo and the vicinity of the specific point in the other photo O: The lower reference point of one photo and the specific point of the lower reference point of the other photo in the one photo Horizontal with Separation P: Horizontal distance between the lower reference point of the other photograph and the vicinity of the specific point of the lower reference point of the one photograph in the other photograph U: Distance between specific points of the other photograph and the reference of one photograph Squared value (<1) of the ratio value to the point distance V: Squared value (<1) of the ratio value between the specific point distance on one photo and the reference point distance on the other photo 4. The method of creating a panoramic photograph according to claim 3, wherein the reference point is provided in a minute pixel having a characteristic. 5. A camera for panoramic photography, wherein a rotation jig having a rotation center is disposed at the first principal point position of the lens. 6. The position of the rotating jig is the first of the lens.
The panoramic photography camera according to claim 5, wherein the camera is movable according to the position of the principal point.