JPH05131183A - Garbage disposal and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate a functional failure which occurs on an oil press and thereby dehydrate garbage by allowing foreign matter to separate from garbage by precipitation process through the blending and stirring of garbage and animal/vegetable oil, then heating the blend of garbage and animal/vegetable oil moved to a cooker so that the moisture of garbage is evaporated, and finally separating the blend into an oily portion and a solid using an oil press. CONSTITUTION:Foreign matter mixed in garbage is allowed to precipitate for separation in a foreign matter separation tank 4 with the simultaneous blending/stirring action of garbage and animal/vegetable oil. After this process, the blend of garbage and animal/vegetable oil is moved from a foreign matter separation tank 4 to a cooker 5 using the suction power of the cooker 5 in a decompression state. Further, the blend is heated under a decompression state so as to evaporate the moisture of garbage, and later is separated into an oily portion and a solid using an oil press. Subsequently, the possible functional failure of the oil press is eliminated so that the efficient dehydration process of garbage is possible.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a treatment device for dehydrating kitchen waste (cooking residue) discharged from food manufacturing establishments such as hotels, restaurants, restaurants, lunch facilities, food factories and households. In particular, the present invention relates to a technique for removing foreign matter from garbage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Most of the garbage discharged from the above-mentioned places is effectively used in pig farms, etc., and most of it is treated as waste. An example of the kitchen waste is a mixture of about 50% of staple foods such as rice, about 40% of vegetables and about 10% of animals and substances, and typical examples of the composition are as follows. You can An example of kitchen composition Water 70-90% Crude protein 18-25% (per dry matter) Crude fat 15-20% (per dry matter) Soluble nitrogen-free (NFE) 50-55% (per dry matter) This type of kitchen As can be seen from the fact that the composition of the food varies greatly depending on, for example, the type of dining room or the menu of the day, the composition varies greatly depending on the place of discharge of garbage and the date and time, and the composition cannot be said to be the above. Is.

As a method for treating this kind of garbage and effectively utilizing it for feed and fertilizer, an oil temperature dehydration treatment method is known, for example, from Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 58-35065 and 62-4359. .. This oil temperature dehydration treatment method, pre-heated non-volatile oil typified by animal and vegetable oils such as fish oil is put into a can cooker, and all the kitchen waste is stored in this cooker as it is, and heated and stirred under reduced pressure. Meanwhile, the water contained in the kitchen waste is replaced with oil, whereby the water of the kitchen waste is separated and evaporated to be dehydrated, and then squeezed by an oil squeezing machine to separate into oil and solid matter. According to this method, it is possible to obtain a processed product which can be effectively used as a feed or fertilizer having a high protein content by reducing the water content of the garbage and improving its storability and distribution.

However, when the kitchen waste is subjected to oil-temperature dehydration treatment on a commercial scale, foreign matter such as ashtray, spoon, fork, knife, ceramic tableware, and fragments thereof should be removed from the kitchen during the treatment. I have to. As a method for removing these foreign matters, a screen method is conceivable in which the foreign matter is removed by washing with washing water using a vibrating screen or the like in the pre-step of the cooker or in the post-step of the oil squeezer in the post-step of the cooker.

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned screen method, when the washing water is used, the amount of waste water to be treated increases and the garbage is diluted, resulting in an increase in the cost of the oil temperature dehydration treatment. .. For this reason, when the kitchen waste is treated by the screen method, the washing water cannot be used substantially, and as a result, the separation efficiency is deteriorated, so that the screen method cannot be actually adopted.

[0006] Among the foreign substances mixed in the kitchen waste, magnetic foreign substances can be separated and removed by magnetic force by disposing a magnetic separator during the treatment process. Spoons, forks, knives, etc. made of non-magnetic stainless steel and Ceramic tableware has a problem that it cannot be separated and removed by magnetic force. And when this kind of foreign matter enters the oil press of the subsequent process, the foreign matter is caught in the oil press and causes an abnormality in the oil press, which may cause the oil press to malfunction and render it inoperable. is there. Moreover, it is unavoidable to mix these foreign matters into the kitchen waste, and therefore, in order to effectively perform the oil temperature dehydration treatment of the kitchen waste, the step of separating and removing these foreign matters from the kitchen waste is indispensable.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is possible to efficiently separate foreign matters from the garbage before entering the oil squeezing machine to eliminate troubles of the oil squeezing machine, and to perform an efficient kitchen waste disposal. An object of the present invention is to provide a processing method and a processing device for carrying out.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 separates the foreign matter mixed in the kitchen waste by mixing and stirring the kitchen waste and the animal and vegetable oil, and then separating the kitchen waste and the animal and vegetable oil. It is characterized in that the mixture is moved to a cooker and heated to evaporate the water content of the kitchen waste, and then is separated into an oil component and a solid substance by a squeezing machine.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention as set forth in claim 2 comprises mixing and stirring kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil, and sedimenting and separating the foreign matter mixed in the kitchen waste in a foreign matter separating tank, and then the kitchen waste. And a mixture of animal and vegetable oil are moved from the foreign matter separation tank to the cooker by utilizing the suction force of the cooker under reduced pressure, and the mixture of the garbage and animal and vegetable oil is heated under reduced pressure to evaporate the water content of the garbage. After that, it is separated into oil and solid by a press.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 3 has an agitator, a foreign matter discharging portion is provided at the bottom, and a delivery pipe is provided at a position above the foreign matter discharging portion. It is provided with a foreign matter separating tank, a heating means for heating a mixture of animal and vegetable oil and cooking residues, and a cooker connected to the foreign matter separating tank by the delivery pipe.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 4 is provided with a stirrer, a foreign matter discharge portion is provided at the bottom, and a delivery pipe is provided above the foreign matter discharge portion. A foreign matter separation tank, a valve provided on the delivery pipe, a heating means for heating a mixture of animal and vegetable oil and cooking residue, and a decompression means for reducing the pressure inside are connected to the foreign matter separation tank by the delivery pipe. And a squeezing machine for separating animal and vegetable oils from a mixture of the animal and vegetable oils and the cooking residue treated by the cooker.

[0012]

[Function] By adding the kitchen waste and the animal and vegetable oil to the foreign matter separation tank and mixing and stirring, the liquidity of the kitchen waste is improved by the action of the animal and vegetable oil, and the kitchen waste that originally tends to settle in the foreign matter separation tank is also contained in the foreign matter separation tank. Since the mixture is mixed and stirred in, the kitchen waste is suspended in the animal and vegetable oil. on the other hand,
Foreign matter with a large specific gravity such as ashtray, spoon, fork, knife, pottery tableware, etc. mixed in the kitchen waste or fragments thereof is separated from the kitchen waste by its own weight as the kitchen waste is loosened by mixing and stirring the animal and vegetable oil and the kitchen waste. And settles at the bottom of the foreign matter separation tank. Therefore, only the kitchen waste floats above the bottom of the foreign matter separation tank, and by removing the kitchen waste from this floating portion, the kitchen garbage with the foreign matter removed can be obtained.

Next, the mixture of kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil from which the foreign matter has been separated in this way is moved to a cooker and heated, whereby the water content in the kitchen waste is replaced with the animal and vegetable oil, and then the food in the kitchen Water is separated and evaporated, and the kitchen waste is dehydrated. Since the mixture of animal and vegetable oil and kitchen waste treated with a cooker is free from foreign substances such as ashtray, spoon, fork, knife, pottery tableware, etc. or fragments thereof, the animal and vegetable oil can be easily separated by an oil press. As a result, it is possible to reduce the breakdown of the oil pressing machine and to obtain a processed product whose volume is reduced to about 1/5 of that of the kitchen waste before processing by removing water.

Therefore, the obtained treated product has a reduced water content, improved storability and distribution, and can be effectively used as a feed or fertilizer having a high protein content. Further, even when such a treated product is disposed of without being used as feed or fertilizer, the treated product is subjected to a high volume reduction treatment and has a small volume, so that it is easy to handle.

Particularly, while the kitchen waste and the animal and vegetable oils are mixed and stirred under normal pressure, the foreign matter mixed in the kitchen waste is settled and separated in the foreign matter separation tank, and then the mixture of the kitchen waste and the animal and vegetable oil is decompressed. When the mixture of kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil is heated under reduced pressure by moving it from the foreign matter separation tank to the cooker using the suction force of, the transfer means such as a pump becomes unnecessary between the foreign matter separation tank and the cooker. The kitchen waste can be dehydrated at an oil temperature at a low temperature, and the amount of heat required during the processing can be reduced. In the present specification, the term animal and vegetable oil refers to
In the broadest sense, animal oils such as fish oil and lard, vegetable oils, or used oils (waste edible oils) of these oils,
Alternatively, it means a mixture thereof, and further includes a synthetic oil and a mineral oil having substantially the same temperature characteristics as those. Therefore, when the processed product after dehydration is not used for feed or the like, synthetic oil, mineral oil or the like that does not boil or evaporate at the temperature at which the oil temperature dehydration process is performed may be used.

[0016]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an apparatus used for carrying out the method of the present invention. The apparatus of this example is a food manufacturing establishment such as a hotel, a restaurant, a restaurant, a lunch facility, a food factory, etc. Kitchen waste discharged from households and households (cooking residue)
Is subjected to oil-temperature dehydration treatment to produce feed, fertilizer, or reduced-volume waste. The processing method of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
, A preparatory process using a hopper 1, etc., a preparatory process using a separator 2, etc., a magnetic separation process using a magnetic separator 3, etc., a main separation process using a foreign matter separation tank 4, etc., and a cooker 5 The main processes are a transpiration process using the above, an oil pressing process using the oil pressing machine 6 and the like, and a free water processing process. Of these, the preliminary treatment step, the preliminary separation step,
The magnetic separation step is performed as a pretreatment step of the main separation step.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a hopper into which kitchen waste is thrown, a screw type cutting machine 8 for cutting out the kitchen waste is provided at the bottom of the hopper 1, and the tip of the cutting machine 8 is discharged. The part 9 is formed. Below the discharge part 9,
A separator 2 whose detailed structure is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is provided. The separator 2 has a horizontally long hopper portion 10 having an open top and bottom, and a large number of parallel hoppers arranged at the bottom of the hopper portion 10.
Also, the rollers 11 that are individually rotatably arranged, the first belt conveyor 12 that is arranged below these rollers 11, and the second belt conveyor that is arranged beside this first conveyor 12.
A belt conveyor 13 is provided. Further, the right side surface portion of the hopper portion 10 in FIG. 2 is opened to form a discharge hole 10a. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, sprocket wheels are attached to both ends of each of the rollers 11, and a chain is wound around each end of adjacent sprocket wheels, and the hopper shown in FIG. The roller 11 at the left end of the section 10 has an output shaft 11a of a motor provided outside the separator 2.
The rotational force is transmitted through the chain from the roller so that the rollers 11 can rotate in the same direction at the same time.

The first conveyor 12 is arranged so that its conveying direction is directed to the left side in FIG. 3, and the second conveyor 13 is arranged so that its conveying direction is directed toward the right side in FIG. 3, respectively, below the discharge hole 10a of the hopper section 10. Is the first conveyor 12
And the left end of the second conveyor 13 are arranged respectively. Further, below the discharge hole 10a, the introduction plate 14 inclined toward the second conveyor 13 side and the first conveyor 1
A stop plate 15 inclined to the 2 side is formed. The plurality of rollers 11 are preferably arranged in parallel at a pitch of about 30 to 150 mm (more preferably 50 to 100 mm), and fine garbage can pass through the gaps between the rollers, and coarse garbage is It cannot pass through. Here, the large kitchen waste is the head of fish such as tuna head,
It is part of vegetables such as cabbage and the residue of large fruits such as watermelon. The separator used in the present invention may be replaced with one having another structure, and is not limited to the structure of this embodiment. Another structural example of the separator 2 will be described later.

Below the discharge side (the right side in FIG. 3) of the second conveyor 13 of the separator 2, as shown in FIG.
An inlet 6 is provided, and an outlet of the crusher 16 is connected to the hopper 10 of the separator 2 by a transport path 17, and the coarse garbage that is transported to the crusher 16 by the second conveyor 13 is crushed again. It can be crushed and returned to the separator 2. Here, the transport path 17 may be connected to the hopper 1 so that the bulky garbage is returned to the hopper 1. The discharge side of the first conveyor 12 of the separator 2 (see FIG.
The magnetic separator 3 is connected to the left side of the figure, and the vibration feeder 18 and the secondary hopper 19 are connected to the magnetic separator 3. The magnetic separator 3 magnetically adsorbs the magnetic material contained in the fine garbage conveyed from the first conveyor 12 to separate the magnetic material from the fine garbage, and removes the magnetic foreign matter only from the fine feeder to vibrate the feeder 1.
It will be sent to 8.

The bottom of the hopper 1 has a first drainage pit 2
0, the first drainage pit 20 has a transfer pump 2
1 to the second drainage pit 22. The second drainage pit 22 includes an upper storage tank 23 and a lower storage tank 24, the drainage from the first drainage pit 20 is transferred to the upper storage tank 23, and the drainage is transferred to the lower storage tank 24 via a bar screen 25, The lower storage tank 24 is transferred to the wastewater treatment facility.

The secondary hopper 19 is connected to the foreign matter separating tank 4 by a supply pipe 27 equipped with a transfer pump 26. An example of the detailed structure of the foreign matter separating tank 4 is shown in FIG.
The foreign matter separation tank 4 is mainly composed of a vertical tank body 30, a heating jacket 32 attached to a peripheral wall portion 31 of the tank body 30, and an agitator 33 provided inside the tank body 30. ing. The tank body 30
The lower wall 35 is formed in a downward constricted shape, and a foreign matter discharging portion 36 for taking out is formed at the lower end portion thereof. The shape of the tank body 30 may be any of a cylindrical shape and a rectangular tube shape, and the inclination angle of the low wall 35 is 45 degrees or more, preferably 60 degrees or more. In addition, the peripheral wall portion 3 of the tank body 30
1, a discharge pipe 37 is provided at the lower part of the peripheral wall portion 31 and the jacket 3.
In addition to being provided so as to penetrate through the jacket 2, a pipe 32 for introducing a heat medium such as steam or hot water is formed above the jacket 32, and a discharge pipe 39 for discharging drain is formed below the jacket 33. Furthermore, on the ceiling of the tank body 30,
A supply pipe 27 connected to the secondary hopper 19 is connected, and an oil supply pipe 40 is further connected. A collection container 41 for storing foreign matter as shown in FIG. 1 is installed below the tank body 30.

The foreign matter separating tank is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. FIG. 5 shows another structural example of the foreign matter separation tank 4. The foreign matter separation tank 4'of this example has a low wall 35 '.
Has a constricted shape in which it is inclined only in one direction, and the other configurations are the same. Another structural example of the foreign matter separating tank will be described later.

On the side of the tank body 30, there is provided a cooker 5 for water evaporation of kitchen waste. The cooker 5 is a device that heats the kitchen waste transferred to the inside to a desired temperature and at the same time stirs it to evaporate the water content of the kitchen waste. An example of the detailed structure of the cooker 5 is shown in FIG.

The cooker 5 shown in FIG. 6 is a horizontally long can body 5.
0, a hollow rotating shaft 51 penetrating the can body 50, a plurality of abacus bead-shaped disc bodies 52 attached to the rotating shaft 51 on the inner side of the can body 50, and a disc body 52. It is mainly composed of a plurality of stirring blades 53 attached to the outer peripheral portion. The stirring blades 53 are moved by the rotating shaft 51 to stir the garbage in the can body 50 and move the garbage to the right side of the can body 50. The can body 5
The peripheral wall of 0 has a double wall structure, and a space 54 is formed inside the double wall structure. In the upper portion of the can body 50, a charging port 55 leading to the inside of the can body 50 is formed.
The input port 55 is connected to the foreign matter separation tank 4 via a delivery pipe 56.
In addition to being connected to the discharge pipe 37, the delivery pipe 56 has an automatic opening / closing valve 57 incorporated therein as shown in FIG.

An exhaust pipe (not shown) connected to a decompression device such as a vacuum pump communicates with the inside of the can body 50 on the side wall of the manhole port 58 provided upright in the upper center of the can body 50 shown in FIG. The inside of the can 50 can be depressurized by operating the depressurizing device. A can body 50 is provided on the side of the manhole mouth 58.
An injection part 59 communicating with the space 54 is formed. A steam supply facility (not shown) is connected to the end portions of the injection part 59 and the rotary shaft 51.
It is possible to supply steam to the inner space of No. 1 and the inner space of the disc body 52, and also to supply the steam to the space portion 54 of the can body 50. Further, a discharge part 60 is formed on the right end side of the can body 50, and is connected by a transportation pipe incorporating an open / close valve, so that the garbage treated inside the can body 50 can be discharged from the discharge part 60. It is like this.

Next, the discharge part 60 is connected to the oil squeezing machine 6 via an oil separating device 61 and a conveyor 62 as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, the reference numeral 70 in FIG. 1 is a raw oil tank, and the reference numeral 71 is an oil tank. The raw oil tank 70 into which animal and vegetable oil such as waste oil is charged is transferred to the oil tank 71 via a pump 73. The oil supply tank 71 is connected to the oil supply pipe 40 of the foreign matter separation tank 4 via an opening / closing valve 74 and a pump 75 so that a required amount of oil can be supplied to the foreign matter separation tank 4. Further, a separation oil tank 80 is installed near the oil pressing machine 6, and the oil separated by the oil pressing machine 6 and the oil separated by the oil separating device 61 are transferred to the separation oil tank 80. In addition, the separated oil tank 80 has a pump 81
And the oil tank 7 through the oil feed pipe 83 incorporating the open / close valve 82.
It is connected to 1.

Next, a method of treating garbage using the apparatus configured as described above will be described. Garbage discharged from sources such as food manufacturing establishments such as hotels, restaurants, restaurants, lunch facilities, food factories, households, etc. is housed in, for example, drums, collected, and processed by the method of the present invention. (1) Pretreatment Step In this step, the garbage collected as described above is put into the hopper 1. In the hopper 1, kitchen waste is drained if necessary. That is, when the kitchen waste is left standing in the hopper 1,
Due to the weight of the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is consolidated and free water is generated. The free water separated from the garbage in this way is extracted from the bottom or side wall of the hopper 1 or the bottom side end of the cutting machine 8 and stored in the first drainage pit 20. Also,
The garbage thrown into the hopper 1 is cut out by the cutting machine 8 and sent to the separator 2 by a fixed amount. Since the cutting machine 8 has a screw-type blade, by rotating this blade, it is possible to cut out the garbage and put it into the cutting machine 2 from the discharge section 9.

(2) Free Water Treatment Step The separated wastewater stored in the first drainage pit 20 is BO
Since D is very high and the load of the wastewater treatment facility is large, in this embodiment, the separated wastewater is extracted little by little from the first drainage pit 20 via the pump 21, and the collection vehicle, the collection container,
The load on the wastewater treatment facility that uses activated sludge is reduced by mixing it with cleaning wastewater with relatively low pollution such as floors, and then transferring this mixed wastewater to the wastewater treatment facility.
In other words, the separated wastewater sent little by little is mixed with other wastewater such as washing wastewater before the bar screen 25 in the second drainage pit 22, that is, in the upper storage tank 23, and then this mixed wastewater is mixed with the other wastewater. 2 The waste water is sent from the waste water pit 22 to waste water treatment equipment such as an activated sludge treatment device.

(3) Separation Step In the separator 2, the plurality of rollers 11 are rotationally driven, and the first conveyor 12 and the second conveyor 13 are respectively operated. The kitchen waste sent to the separator 2 is separated in the separator 2 into coarse kitchen waste such as fish, cabbage, and watermelon, and other fine kitchen waste. The separation width in the separator 2 is 30 mm to 150 mm, preferably 50 mm to 10 mm.
It should have a function of about 0 mm. That is, when the garbage is thrown into the hopper portion 10 of the separator 2, the garbage is placed on the plurality of rotating rollers 11, but here, the roller pitch is 30 to 150 mm, more preferably 50 to 100 m as described above.
Since m is set to m, fine garbage smaller than this pitch passes through the gaps between the plurality of rollers 11 and falls on the first conveyor 12, and the third garbage on the first conveyor 12
After moving to the left side of the figure, it is sent to the magnetic separator 3 shown in FIG.

Further, among the garbage thrown into the hopper portion 10, coarse garbage that is larger than the pitch of the rollers 11, 11 is conveyed by the plurality of rollers 11 to the right side in FIG. Is moved to the second conveyor 13 through the second conveyor 13 and the crusher 16 shown in FIG.
Is further pulverized into fine particles, returned to the hopper unit 10 via the conveyance path 17, and again subjected to the separator 2 for fractional distillation. As described above, by separating the garbage using the separator 2, it is possible to send only the fine garbage to the subsequent process and prevent the coarse garbage from being sent.

(3) Magnetic Separation Step The fine garbage that has passed through the separator 2 is cleaned by the magnetic separator 3 to remove magnetic foreign substances such as bottle stoppers in the garbage. As the magnetic separator 3,
A drum type magnetic separator, a plate type permanent magnet, a plate type electromagnet, etc. can be used, but not limited to these.

Next, the kitchen waste discharged from the magnetic separator 3 is charged into the secondary hopper 19 through the vibration feeder 18, and is transferred to the foreign matter separating tank 4 by the pump 26 through the supply pipe 27 according to the operating state after the next process. To do. The vibrating feeder 18 may be replaced with a belt conveyor, and may be omitted depending on the positional relationship between the magnetic separator 3 and the secondary hopper 19. In addition, the garbage is transferred to the foreign matter separation tank 4 by a belt type,
It may be replaced with a usual conveyor used for this type of purpose such as a screw type or a chain type.

(4) Main Separation Step Before the garbage is put into the foreign matter separation tank 4, the temperature is 70 to 9 which is almost equal to or more than the amount of the garbage to be put.
Fill with 0 ° C animal and vegetable oil. For this purpose, a required amount of oil may be transferred from the oil tank 71 shown in FIG. Foreign matter separation tank 4
Although it depends on the capacity of the pump and the capacity of the pump 75, it is usually possible to inflate in about 10 minutes. The order of adding animal and vegetable oil and kitchen waste to the foreign matter separation tank 4 is as follows: a method of adding kitchen waste after adding animal and vegetable oil, a method of simultaneously adding animal and vegetable oil and kitchen waste, and a method of adding animal and vegetable oil after supplying kitchen waste. In this embodiment, the purpose can be achieved by using either method. However, in the above-mentioned method, in which the amount of animal and vegetable oil is large compared to the amount of kitchen waste, the foreign matter separation is efficiently performed in the kitchen waste feeding process, which is more advantageous. Before doing so, I try to add animal and vegetable oil.

As the oil used when the kitchen waste is processed into feed or fertilizer, fish oil, animal oil such as lard or sesame oil,
Examples include edible oils such as safflower oil and vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, and used oils (waste edible oils) thereof, and these various oils may be mixed and used. It is preferable that the amount of the animal and vegetable oil to be put into the foreign matter separation tank 4 is relatively larger than that in the conventional oil temperature dehydration treatment for the purpose of sedimentation separation due to the difference in specific gravity in the foreign matter separation tank 4. That is, when the amount of oil to be put in is too small, the fluidity of the mixture of kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil is poor, and the foreign matter separation efficiency is low. On the other hand, if the amount of the foreign matter is too large, it is advantageous in terms of foreign matter separation efficiency, but it is disadvantageous because the capacity of the foreign matter separation tank 4, the cooker 5, etc. becomes large. Therefore, the amount of animal and vegetable oil to be infused is usually preferably in the range of garbage: oil = 100: 60 to 100: 120 by weight ratio, more preferably garbage: oil = 100: 90 to 100:
The range is 110.

Next, after the animal and vegetable oils have been poured into the foreign matter separation tank 4, the kitchen waste is slowly agitated by a stirrer 33 so that the kitchen waste does not settle under normal pressure, and the kitchen waste is fed in a fixed amount for about 10 to 40 minutes. Continue to stir for about 15 minutes after the garbage is added,
The foreign matter (fork, spoon, knife, etc.) mixed in the kitchen waste is settled and separated by gravity into the bottom conical portion of the tank body 30 due to the difference in specific gravity between the kitchen waste, the oil mixture and the foreign material. During this period, in order to prevent the oil temperature from significantly lowering by throwing in the garbage, steam may be introduced from the introducing pipe 38 into the jacket 32, and the garbage may be heated with this. The heat medium introduced into the jacket 32 may be another heat fluid such as steam. As a result, the liquidity of kitchen waste is improved by the action of animal and vegetable oils,
The kitchen waste, which easily sediments in animal and vegetable oil, is agitated and therefore floats in the animal and vegetable oil. On the other hand, the ashtray mixed in the kitchen waste, spoon, fork, knife, foreign matter having a large specific gravity such as shards or the like of ceramic ware, as the kitchen waste is unraveled by stirring with the stirrer 33, separated from the kitchen garbage by its own weight, Settles to the bottom of the tank body 30.

(5) Evaporation Step On the other hand, while the foreign matter is being separated, the automatic opening / closing valve 57 is kept closed, and the decompression device is operated to move from the exhaust part 58 of the cooker 5 to the can of the cooker 5. Body 50
The inside air of the can is evacuated and the inside of the can body 50 is depressurized.
Next, when the foreign matter separation tank 4 completes the foreign matter separation, the automatic opening / closing valve 57 provided in the delivery pipe 56 that connects the foreign matter separation tank 4 and the cooker 5 is opened, and the inside of the tank body 30 of the foreign matter separation tank 4 is opened. The existing garbage and oil mixture is transferred to the can body 50 of the cooker 5 by the pressure difference. During this transfer, the stirrer 33 is rotated so that the garbage does not settle, and stirring is continued. After the transfer is completed, the automatic opening / closing valve 57 is closed and the rotation of the stirrer 33 is stopped.

The depressurization process of the cooker 5 for transferring the garbage / oil mixture from the foreign matter separation tank 4 to the cooker 5 is
The decompression degree may be set to such an extent that the garbage / oil mixture can be moved, and the value is not particularly specified. However, as seen in the example of the time schedule shown in FIG. 7, if the kitchen oil mixture is to be moved in a short time, the initial depressurization in the cooker 5 is set to an absolute pressure of about 160 mmHg or less (600 mmHg or more depressurization). Preferably. Further, as shown in the example of the time schedule shown in FIG. 8, if the kitchen waste and the oil mixture are gradually transferred to the cooker 5, after setting the pressure reduction degree according to the operating conditions of the cooker 5 described later, the automatic The on-off valve 57 is replaced with a control valve capable of adjusting the flow rate so that the garbage is gradually fed to the cooker 5, or a plurality of the delivery pipes 56 having different diameters are provided in parallel and each is automatically inserted into the delivery pipe 56. It is configured so that the open / close state of the open / close valve 57 can be selected, and the automatic open / close valve 57 is opened by selecting the one having the optimum diameter from the plurality of delivery pipes 56 in accordance with the desired moving speed of the garbage mixture.
You should gradually send the kitchen waste to the cooker.

As described above, when the kitchen waste / oil mixture is gradually transferred to the cooker 5, it is possible to prevent the temperature in the cooker 5 from decreasing and prevent the kitchen / oil mixture from boiling in the cooker 5. 7 and 8 show an example of the scheduled processing time when performing each of the above steps,
And FIG. 8 is merely an example, and it goes without saying that the method of the present invention may be carried out at other scheduled processing times.

Further, the transfer of the kitchen waste / oil mixture in the foreign matter separating tank 4 to the cooker 5 is carried out as in the above-mentioned embodiment.
The method is not limited to the case of depressurizing, but a method of transferring with a pump while the inside of the cooker 5 is in a depressurized state or a normal pressure, or a method of transferring the foreign matter separation tank 4 to the cooker 5 with a pressurized state is adopted. Of course, it is good.

The cooker 5 is provided with a plurality of stirring blades 53 so that it can be heated while mixing kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil. To heat the inside of the can body 50,
The steam is sent to the space 54 of the double wall to heat the steam. Further, at this time, steam is also sent to the inside of the disk body 52 through the hollow rotating shaft 51 to heat the kitchen waste from the inside. In addition, in order to heat the kitchen waste, in addition to the above-mentioned heating means, a means for directly heating the can body 50 with steam or a burner may be adopted.

The kitchen waste and oil mixture transferred to the cooker 5 is kept in the cooker 5 for about 20 to 90 minutes, preferably 50.
Heat treatment for ~ 70 minutes. As a result, the water content in the kitchen waste is replaced with the animal and vegetable oil, the water content of the kitchen waste is separated and evaporated, and the kitchen waste is dehydrated. The heat treatment in the cooker 5 includes various methods such as pressurization, normal pressure, depressurization and the like, but it is preferable to perform heat treatment in a depressurized state in order to reduce the required heat amount.
This depressurization treatment is carried out by setting the heat treatment temperature to 50 to 110 ° C., more preferably about 70 ° C., and adjusting so that the water content in the kitchen waste can be sufficiently dehydrated. Normally, this reduced pressure heat treatment is performed in the cooker 5 at an absolute pressure of 16
The pressure is adjusted to 0 to 10 mmHg (600 to 750 mmHg reduced pressure). The degree of this depressurization may be constant from the start to the end of the heat treatment in the cooker 5, and if necessary, various patterns such as lowering the atmospheric pressure or the degree of depressurization at the beginning and gradually increasing the degree of depressurization. Can be adopted.

Here, the mounting position of the discharge pipe 37 of the foreign matter separating tank 4 will be described in relation to the action of the cooker 5. The attachment position of the discharge pipe 37 of the foreign matter separation tank 4 is as follows. When sending the garbage and animal and vegetable oil of the foreign matter separation tank 4 to the cooker 5, do not suck the foreign matter accumulated on the bottom of the foreign matter separation tank 4, b. Considering that the residual amount of the mixture of kitchen waste and animal / vegetable oil in the foreign matter separation tank 4 should be as small as possible when the kitchen waste and animal / vegetable oil in the foreign matter separation tank 4 are transferred to the cooker. It is preferable to provide it at an optimum position above the discharge part 36.

Although this optimum position cannot be generally stated depending on the nature of the kitchen waste, the amount of foreign matter, and the operating conditions of the oil temperature dehydration treatment, it is usually
In the foreign matter separating tank 4 having a cone as shown in FIG. 4, the discharge pipe 37 is connected to the conical bottom portion 3 of the tank body 30.
It is preferable to provide it at the lowermost end of the peripheral wall portion 31 instead of providing it at 5. (See FIGS. 4 and 5) FIGS. 9 and 10 show another structural example of the foreign matter separation tank 4. Foreign matter separation tanks 44 and 4 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
5, the same components as those of the foreign matter separating tank 4 described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. When the foreign matter separation tank 4 is configured as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the discharge pipe 37 is not directly provided at the bottom of the tank body 30,
The configuration is such that the tip of the discharge pipe 37 'is simply inserted from the upper opening of the tank body 30 so as to be in a predetermined position. Although the tank body 30 is a closed type in any of the examples, it may be freely formed as an open type.

The shape of the foreign matter separating tank 4 is not limited to the cylindrical vertical shape whose bottom portion is conical as described above, but is also a vertical cylindrical tank whose bottom surface is inclined only in one direction and whose bottom portion is pyramidal. A square tank, a square tank with the bottom inclined only in one direction, etc. can be used. The inclination of the bottom surface is for facilitating the removal of the deposited foreign matter from the tank without accumulating on the bottom inclined portion, and is preferably 45 degrees or more with respect to the horizontal, and more preferably 60 degrees or more. However, when a means such as a scraper is provided at the bottom, the bottom may be horizontal.

In the above embodiment, the temperature is 70 to 90 ° C.
The animal and vegetable oil of No. 1 was put into the foreign matter separation tank 4 and heated by steam as necessary. However, if the animal and vegetable oil used has sufficient fluidity at room temperature or a temperature close to room temperature, There is no problem even if foreign matter is separated at such a temperature. However, the higher the temperature, the lower the clay of the animal and vegetable oil and the improved fluidity, which is advantageous for the separation of foreign matter. It is also necessary to heat the animal and vegetable oil with the cooker 5. Separation is preferably carried out, preferably in the range of 50 ° C to the operating temperature of the cooker.

Further, when the foreign matter is separated at normal pressure, if the foreign matter is separated at a high temperature of 80 to 100 ° C. or more, the water in the kitchen waste is vaporized and becomes a gas (bubble). Since it adheres to the garbage in the tank body 30, the garbage easily floats in the oil. Then, the kitchen waste with air bubbles is further promoted to be separated from ashtrays, spoons, forks, knives, pottery tableware, etc., or foreign substances having a large specific gravity such as fragments thereof, and it is possible to reliably separate these foreign substances. .. Therefore, in order to further promote this effect, it is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 90 to 130 ° C.
It is advisable to perform foreign matter separation in the range of ° C to exert the effect of promoting foreign matter separation due to the generation of bubbles.

After the dehydration, the dehydrated kitchen waste and oil are taken out from the discharge part 60 of the cooker 5, separated by the oil separation device 61, and then sent to the oil crusher 6 by the conveyor 62, and the oil crusher 6
Fractionate to oil and solids with. The oil obtained here is returned to the oil addition tank 71 by the oil circulation pump 82 through the separation oil tank 80, is sent from the oil addition tank 71 to the foreign matter separation tank 4 again, and is used again.

By the way, the foreign matter deposited on the bottom of the foreign matter separating tank 4 is received from the foreign matter discharge section 36 into the recovery container 41 and processed. The frequency of taking out the foreign matter from the foreign matter separating tank 4 is determined according to the amount of the foreign matter mixed in the kitchen waste, but when the oil temperature dehydration is performed in the batch processing,
It is preferably performed once a day at the end of the transfer of the kitchen waste / oil mixture from the foreign matter separation tank 4 to the cooker 5 in the final batch.

The mixture of animal and vegetable oil and kitchen waste treated in the cooker 5 is easily removed by the oil extractor 6 because foreign substances such as ashtray, spoon, fork, knife, ceramic tableware and the like or fragments thereof are removed. The animal and vegetable oils can be separated, the breakdown of the oil pressing machine can be reduced, and a processed product with a volume reduced to about 1/5 of the kitchen waste before processing can be obtained. Therefore, the obtained treated product has a reduced water content, is improved in storability and distribution, and can be effectively used as a feed or fertilizer having a high protein content. Further, even when the treated product is disposed of without being used as feed or fertilizer, it is subjected to a high volume reduction treatment and has a small volume, so that it is easy to handle.

In particular, while the garbage and the animal or vegetable oil are mixed and stirred under normal pressure, the foreign matter mixed in the kitchen waste is settled and separated in the foreign matter separation tank 4, and then the mixture of the garbage and the animal or vegetable oil is placed in a reduced pressure state. The suction force of the cooker 5 is used to move the foreign matter separation tank 4 to the cooker 5, and when the mixture of the kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil is heated under reduced pressure, the foreign matter separation tank 4 and the cooker 5 are heated.
A transfer means such as a pump is not required between the two, and the oil temperature dehydration treatment can be performed at a low temperature, so that the amount of heat required for the treatment can be reduced.

In the above embodiment, the temperature is 70 to 90 ° C. under normal pressure.
Since the animal and vegetable oil of No. 1 was put into the foreign matter separation tank 4 and heated by steam as needed, the fluidity of the animal and vegetable oil is improved (the viscosity is reduced), which is advantageous for foreign matter separation, and the cooker 5 removes the animal and vegetable oil. Effective use of heat can also be achieved by heating. Furthermore, since the foreign matter is separated at a high temperature, evaporation of water in the kitchen waste becomes active and the water becomes a gas (air bubbles), which attaches to the kitchen waste and makes it easy for the kitchen waste to float, ashtray, spoon, fork, It has the effect of further promoting the separation from foreign objects having a large specific gravity such as knives, pottery tableware and the like or fragments thereof.

In the above examples, animal oils such as fish oil and lard, vegetable oils, or used oils (waste edible oils) of these oils were used as feeds and fertilizers. It goes without saying that synthetic oil or mineral oil that does not boil or evaporate at the temperature at which the oil-temperature dehydration treatment is carried out may be used when it is not used for feed or the like.

11 to 13 show a second example of a separator used when carrying out the method of the present invention. The separator 70 of this example includes a hopper portion 71 having a planar rectangular shape, a pair of screw shafts 72 provided on the bottom side of the hopper portion 71, a first conveyor 73 provided below the hopper portion 71, and a first conveyor 73. It is configured mainly with two conveyors 74. The distance between the screw shafts 72, 72 and the distance between the screw shaft 72 and the inner surface of the hopper portion 71 are 30 to 1.
It is set to 50 mm, more preferably 50 to 100 mm, and is formed so that the fine garbage can pass through the gap, and the large garbage cannot pass through the gap.

The screw shaft 72 is provided along the longitudinal direction of the hopper portion 71, is rotatably supported by penetrating the bottom portion of the hopper portion 71, and the bottom portion on the right end side of the hopper portion 71 shown in FIG. A discharge hole 75 is formed in the screw hole 72, and a small diameter portion 76 is formed in a portion of the screw shaft 72 located above the discharge hole 75. In the small diameter portion 76, a large gap is formed between the screw shafts 72, 72 to allow passage of coarse garbage, and the gap between the small diameter portion 76 of the screw shaft 72 and the inner surface of the hopper portion 71 is also large. It is sized so that kitchen waste can pass through.

The separator 70 of this example can also separate the garbage like the separator 2 of the above example. That is, the fine garbage that has passed between the screw shafts 72, 72 or between the inner surface of the hopper portion 71 and the screw shaft 72 is the first conveyor 7
3 is moved into the magnetic separator 3 shown in FIG. 1, and coarse garbage that cannot pass between the screw shafts 72, 72 is moved to the discharge hole 75 by the rotation of the screw shafts 72, 72, and the second conveyor. It is thrown down to 74 and is crushed by the crusher 16 and then returned to the hopper 71. Even with the separator 70 having this configuration, the same effect as that of the separator 2 described above can be obtained.

FIG. 14 shows a third example of a separator used when carrying out the method of the present invention. The separator 80 of this example includes a hopper portion 81 having a rectangular shape in plan view, a ribbon screw shaft 82 provided on the bottom side of the hopper portion 81,
The first conveyor 83 and the second conveyor 84 provided below the hopper unit 81 are mainly configured. The screw shaft 82 is composed of a spiral blade-shaped ribbon blade 82b that is wound around the shaft portion 82a in a spiral shape so as to be spaced apart from the peripheral surface of the shaft portion 82a, and the pitch A of the ribbon blade 82b (see FIG. 14). ) Is set to 30 to 150 mm, more preferably 50 to 100 mm, and it is formed so that the fine garbage can pass through the gap between the pitches and the large garbage cannot pass through the gap.

The screw shaft 82 is provided along the longitudinal direction of the hopper portion 81, is rotatably supported through the side wall of the hopper portion 81, and has a bottom portion on the right end side of the hopper portion 81 shown in FIG. A discharge hole 85 is formed in the discharge hole 85, and the ribbon blade 82b is omitted in the portion of the screw shaft 82 located above the discharge hole 85. That is, since there is no ribbon blade 82b at this portion, coarse garbage can be dropped into the discharge hole 85.

The separator 80 of this example can also separate kitchen waste in the same manner as the separator 2 of the above example. That is, the fine garbage that has passed between the pitches of the ribbon blades 82b of the screw shaft 82 is moved by the first conveyor 83 and put into the magnetic separator 3 shown in FIG. Kitchen waste is screw shaft 82
Is rotated to the side of the discharge hole 85, dropped onto the second conveyor 74, crushed by the crusher 16 shown in FIG. 1, and then returned to the hopper section 81. Even with the separator 80 having this configuration, the same effect as that of the separator 2 described above can be obtained.

FIG. 15 shows another example of the cooker used for carrying out the method of the present invention. Cooker 90 in this example
Is mainly composed of a vertical can body 91, an outer partition wall 92 that covers the outer peripheral portion of the can body 91, and a shield body 93 that covers the can body 91 and the outer partition wall 92. (Omitted)
The passage 94 is formed so that the inside of the shield 92 can be heated by the burner, and a cooling / heating medium is enclosed in the space between the can 91 and the outer partition 92. With the above configuration, the can body 91 and the outer partition wall 93 have the same configuration as the heat pipe, and the outer partition wall 92
The inside of the can body 91 can be efficiently heated by the heat given from the outside.

Further, an exhaust pipe 95 is provided on the top of the can body 91.
The supply pipe 96 and the oil supply pipe 97 are connected. The supply pipe 96 is for sending garbage from the foreign matter separation tank 4 to the cooker 90, and the oil supply pipe 97 is for sending oil to the cooker 90. At the bottom of the can body 91, a discharge part 98 is formed which penetrates the bottom of the can body 91, the outer partition wall 92, and the bottom of the shield 93. Below the discharge part 98, a garbage transport device 99 is provided. The transfer device 99 is provided so that the garbage can be sent to the next step. A stirrer 100 is provided inside the can body 91.

The cooker 90 shown in FIG. 15 is used in place of the cooker 5 shown in FIG. To use the cooker 90 to evaporate water from kitchen waste, the oil supply pipe 9
While supplying the required amount of oil from 6 to the inside of the can body 91, the mixture of kitchen waste and oil after the foreign matter is removed in the foreign matter separation tank 4 is put into the can body 91, and the mixture is stirred by the stirrer 100. This is performed by heating the mixture of garbage and oil in the can 91 with heat from the burner to evaporate water. Also in the cooker 90 of this example, the same effect as that of the cooker 5 described above can be obtained.

[0063]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the foreign matter in the kitchen waste can be removed in the foreign matter separating tank before sending the kitchen waste to the cooker, the mixture of animal and vegetable oil and kitchen waste treated by the cooker is: Since foreign substances such as ashtrays, spoons, forks, knives, pottery tableware and the like or fragments thereof are removed, animal and vegetable oils can be easily separated by an oil squeezing machine, and failures of the oil slicing machine can be reduced. Further, by carrying out the method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a treated product having a volume reduced to about ⅕ of the kitchen waste before treatment. Therefore, the obtained treated product can be effectively used as a feed or fertilizer having a low water content, improved storability and distribution, and having a high protein content. Furthermore, even when the obtained treated product is disposed of without being used as feed or fertilizer, the treated product is subjected to a high volume reduction treatment, so that it is easy to handle.

Particularly, after the garbage and the animal and vegetable oil are mixed and stirred in a foreign matter separation tank under normal pressure, the foreign matter mixed in the kitchen waste is settled and separated, and then the mixture of the garbage and the animal and vegetable oil is sucked by a cooker under reduced pressure. When a mixture of kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil is heated under reduced pressure by moving it from the foreign matter separation tank to the cooker by using force, a transfer means such as a pump is not required between the foreign matter separation tank and the cooker, and it is low. The oil temperature dehydration treatment can be performed at a temperature, which has the effect of reducing the required amount of heat.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an apparatus used for carrying out the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a detailed structure of a first example of the separator.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a detailed structure of a first example of the separator.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a first example of a foreign matter separation tank.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a second example of a foreign matter separation tank.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of the cooker.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first example of the processing time for each processing step of the garbage treatment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second example of the processing time for each processing step of the garbage treatment.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing a third example of the foreign matter separation tank.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing a fourth example of a foreign matter separation tank.

FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a second example of the separator.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing a second example of the separator.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of the separator.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of the separator.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a second structural example of the cooker.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 hopper, 2, 70, 80 separator, 3 magnetic separator, 4, 4 ', 44, 45 foreign matter separation tank, 5, 90
Cooker, 6 oil extractor, 33, 100 stirrer,

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hitoshi Ogawa 1-9-3 Kamatahonmachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside the Niigata Iron Works Engineering Center (72) Inventor, Takashi Toda 1 Kamatahonmachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Nihongata Iron Works Engineering Center Co., Ltd. 9-3

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. After mixing and stirring kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil to settle and separate foreign substances mixed in the kitchen waste, the mixture of the kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil is moved to a cooker and heated to remove the water content of the kitchen waste. A method for treating kitchen waste, characterized in that it is evaporated and then separated into oil and solid matter with a press. 2. Mixing and stirring kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil,
After the foreign matter mixed in the kitchen waste is settled and separated in the foreign matter separation tank, the mixture of the kitchen waste and animal and vegetable oil is moved from the foreign matter separation tank to the cooker by using the suction force of the cooker in a reduced pressure state, and the kitchen waste is removed. A method for treating kitchen waste, which comprises heating a mixture of oil and animal oil and vegetable oil under reduced pressure to evaporate the water content of the kitchen waste, and then separating the oil and solid matter with a press. 3. A mixture of a foreign matter separation tank having a stirrer, a foreign matter discharge section provided at the bottom, and a delivery pipe provided at a position above the foreign matter discharge section, and a mixture of animal and vegetable oils and cooking residues. An apparatus for treating kitchen waste, comprising: a heating means for heating; and a cooker connected to the foreign matter separating tank by the delivery pipe. 4. A foreign matter separation tank having a stirrer, a foreign matter discharge portion provided at the bottom, and a delivery pipe provided at a position above the foreign matter discharge portion; and a valve provided on the delivery pipe. A cooker provided with a heating means for heating a mixture of animal and vegetable oils and cooking residues and a decompressing means for decompressing the inside, and a cooker connected to the foreign matter separation tank by the delivery pipe, and the animal and vegetable oils treated by the cooker and cooking An apparatus for treating kitchen waste, comprising a squeezing machine for separating animal and vegetable oils from a mixture with the residue.