JPH049661B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH049661B2 JPH049661B2 JP1112736A JP11273689A JPH049661B2 JP H049661 B2 JPH049661 B2 JP H049661B2 JP 1112736 A JP1112736 A JP 1112736A JP 11273689 A JP11273689 A JP 11273689A JP H049661 B2 JPH049661 B2 JP H049661B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cross
- dimensional
- liquid
- design
- fluid medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 44
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 benzoyl methyl ketone peroxide Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFMDETLOLBGJAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylideneicosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=C)C(O)=O XFMDETLOLBGJAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic anhydride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000344 non-irritating Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tertâbutyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
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ïŒLithographyïŒãå¿çšããç«äœé 圢ã«é¢ãããDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] This invention relates to improvements in methods and apparatus for forming three-dimensional objects from a fluid medium, and in particular, for forming three-dimensional objects quickly, reliably, accurately and economically. to be able to do,
This field concerns three-dimensional modeling that applies trigraphy to the production of three-dimensional objects.
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When manufacturing parts made of plastic,
First, it is common to first design a part and then painstakingly create a prototype of this part. All of these require considerable time, effort and expense. This design is then reviewed until the design is optimal.
This time-consuming process is often repeated many times. After the design is optimized, the next step is its manufacture. In most production, plastic parts are injection molded. Because the design time and tooling costs are so high, injection plastic parts are usually only practical when produced in large quantities. Other methods such as direct machining, vacuum forming and direct molding can be used to manufacture plastic parts. However, these methods are typically cost effective only for short runs of production, and the parts produced are of inferior quality to injection molded parts.
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žåãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2775785å·ã第4041476å·ãå第
4078229å·ãå第4238840å·å第4288861å·ç¹éæ
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æèªãVOL.J64â No.ïŒïŒ1981幎ïŒæïŒã
Hideo KodamaïŒAutomatic method for
fabricating ïœ threeâdimensional Plastic
model with photoâhardening polymerïŒ
Review of Scientific InstrumentsïŒ52(11)ïŒ
Nov.1981ïŒåã³Alan J.HerbertïŒSolid Object
GenerationïŒJournal of Applied Photographic
Engineering VOL8ïŒNo.ïŒïŒAugust 1982ã«èšèŒ
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ãšãã«ã®ãåããã Recently, very good methods have been developed to create three-dimensional objects in a fluid medium. The fluid medium is selectively stiffened by a beam of radiation selectively focused at predetermined points of intersection within a three-dimensional volume of the fluid medium. Typical devices for forming such three-dimensional objects are U.S. Pat. No. 2,775,785, U.S. Pat.
No. 4078229, No. 4238840, No. 4288861 JP-A-Sho
Publication No. 56-144478, Hideo Kodama, "Automatic creation of three-dimensional shapes as a method for displaying three-dimensional information" (Transactions of the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers, VOL. J64-C No. 4, April 1981),
Hideo KodamaïŒAutomatic method for
fabricating a three-dimensional Plastic
model with photo-hardening polymer,
Review of Scientific Instruments, 52(11),
Nov.1981, and Alan J. Herbert, Solid Object
Generation, Journal of Applied Photographic
Engineering VOL8, No. 4, August 1982. All of these devices use various extensive multiple beam schemes to extract synergistic energy at selected points deep within the fluid volume to the exclusion of all other points within the fluid volume. It relies on granting. In this regard, various conventional systems use a pair of electromagnetic radiation beams oriented such that they intersect at specific coordinates. In this case, the various beams may have the same or different wavelengths, or the beams may intersect the same point successively rather than simultaneously. However, in all of these cases, only the intersection points of the beams are energized to an energy level sufficient to accomplish the curing process necessary to form a three-dimensional object within the volume of fluid medium.
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å±€ããŸãå°é£ã§ãã€ãã(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Unfortunately, however, such a three-dimensional molding apparatus has many problems in terms of resolution and exposure control. The reduction in radiation intensity as the point of intersection moves deeper into the fluid medium, and the reduction in resolution for imaging the focused spot, naturally result in complex control conditions. absorption,
Diffusion, dispersion, and analytical methods all make it difficult to process economically and reliably deep within a fluid medium. Therefore, it was difficult to form extremely thin layers, and automatic lamination was also difficult.
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äŸç¶ãšããŠããã However, it is important to be able to move quickly and reliably from the design stage to the prototype stage and to final production, especially from computerized design to prototype virtually immediately for such plastic parts. There remains a long-standing need in the field of design and manufacturing for equipment that can be robustly mass-produced economically and automatically.
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ããã¹ãŠã®èŠæã«ååå¿ãããã®ã§ããã Therefore, those involved in the development and manufacture of three-dimensional plastic objects, etc. can move from design to prototype to manufacturing while avoiding the complex focusing, alignment and exposure problems of traditional three-dimensional manufacturing equipment. It has been recognized that it would be desirable to further develop a more rapid, reliable, economical and automatic means by which the transfer of data may be carried out quickly. This invention satisfactorily meets all these needs.
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The present invention constructs a three-dimensional object by forming successive adjacent cross-sectional laminates of this object on the surface of a fluid medium that can change its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic energies. Provides new and improved equipment for making. Successive laminates are automatically tightly integrated as they are formed to form the desired three-dimensional object.
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æã®ããã«çšããããšãã§ããã By way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the presently preferred embodiment, the invention utilizes the idea of computer-generated graphics in combination with lithography. In other words, in order to apply lithography technology to the manufacture of three-dimensional objects and directly manufacture three-dimensional objects from computer instructions, computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted design are necessary. Carry out manufacturing (CAM) at the same time. The invention can be used for forming templates and prototypes at the design stage of product development, or as a manufacturing device, or for the formation of purely artistic objects.
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äœã圢æããããŸã§ããã®å·¥çšãç¶ããã Here, "three-dimensional modeling" refers to materials that can be hardened,
For example, a method and apparatus for making objects by "printing" thin layers of infrared curable material on top of each other. A programmed light source that illuminates a surface or layer of liquid that can be cured with UV (ultraviolet) light.
A moving spot beam of UV light is used to form a solid cross section of an object on the surface of a liquid. The object is then moved away from the surface of the liquid by one layer thickness in a programmed manner, after which the next cross-section is formed and adhered to the immediately previous layer to form the object. Continue this process until the entire object is formed.
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ã«ãã€ãŠäœãããšãäžå±€å®¹æã«ãªãã The method of the invention allows the formation of almost any form of object. Complex shapes are made easier to create by using computer functions to generate program instructions and then send program signals to the stereolithography device.
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It would not be outside the scope of the invention to practice the invention using other types of suitable synergistic energy on the curable fluid medium, such as radiation.
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ãã§ããã By way of example, in practicing the invention, a body of fluid medium capable of solidifying in response to a predetermined energy may first be contained in any suitable container to form successive cross-sectional laminates therein. Confining selected working surfaces of the fluid medium such that
Thereafter, synergistic energy of a suitable type, such as spots of ultraviolet light, is applied in a graphic pattern to a specified working surface of the fluid medium to form a thin, solid, discrete layer on this surface. As they are formed, successive adjacent layers, each layer representing an adjacent cross-section of the three-dimensional object to be created, are automatically superimposed on each other to unite the layers and form the desired three-dimensional object. form. In this regard, when the fluid medium is cured and the solid material is formed as a thin laminate on the working surface, a suitable platform to which the first laminate is fixed is moved by any suitable actuating device, typically all It is moved away from the work surface in a programmed manner under the control of a microcomputer or the like. In this way, the solid material initially formed on the working surface is moved away from this surface, and new liquid flows into the position of the working surface. A portion of this new liquid is converted into a solid material by a programmed UV light spot to define a new laminate, and this new laminate is bonded to the material adjacent to it, i.e. the immediately previous laminate. Joined. This process continues until the entire three-dimensional object is formed. After this, the formed object is removed from the container and
The device is ready to create another object identical to the first object, or an entirely new object generated by the computer.
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ãã§ããã®ã§ããã®çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ããã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã The stereolithography method and apparatus of the present invention has many advantages over methods currently used to create plastic objects. That is, the method of this invention creates a design layout and drawings,
There is no need to create processing drawings and tools. The designer can work directly with the computer and stereolithography equipment and, when satisfied with the design displayed on the computer's output screen, can manufacture the part for direct inspection. If the design has to be modified, this can easily be done through a computer and then another part can be made to confirm that the design changes were correct. If a design calls for several parts with interacting design parameters, the entire design of the parts can be quickly changed and rebuilt, and the entire assembly can be built and tested iteratively if necessary. The method of the present invention is even more useful because it can.
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ãã After the design is complete, manufacturing of the part can begin immediately, avoiding weeks or months of turnaround time between design and manufacturing. The final production rate and cost of parts should be similar to current injection molding costs for short run production, and the cost of labor will be much lower than for injection molding. Injection molding is economical only when large numbers of identical parts are required. With no tooling required and very short production set-up times, stereolithography lends itself to short production runs. Similarly, design changes and custom parts are easily obtained using this method. Because the parts are easy to manufacture, stereolithography allows the use of plastic parts in many places where parts of metal or other materials are currently used. Additionally, a plastic model of the object can be made quickly and economically before a decision is made to make parts of expensive metal or other materials.
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åšããèŠæã«å¿ãããã®ã§ããã Therefore, the three-dimensional modeling method and apparatus of the present invention address the long-standing need for a CAD or CAM system that can quickly, reliably, accurately, and economically design and manufacture three-dimensional plastic parts. This is a response to the following.
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Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are flowcharts showing the basic method and apparatus of the present invention for creating a three-dimensional object by stereolithography.
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Curable chemicals are currently used as inks in high speed printing, as adhesives in coating processes for paper and other materials, and in other specialty areas.
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åã¯èšç®æ©ã§ç¬Šå·åãããç©äœã®æ åã§ããã Three-dimensional modeling is a technology that reproduces graphic objects using various methods. Current examples include photocopying, xerography, and microengraving, such as those used in the manufacture of microelectronic circuits. Computer-generated graphics displayed on a plotter or cathode ray tube are also lithographic forms;
An image is an image of an object encoded by a computer.
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A typical example of CAM that draws a printed wiring board design is a numerically controlled milling machine, where the computer and milling machine, given the appropriate programming instructions, draw a metal part when the design parameters are given as data input to a computer. Process. CAD and CAM
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ã©ããšããŠäœ¿ãããšãã§ããã The main purpose of this invention is to utilize computer-generated graphic ideas in combination with UV-curable plastics to simultaneously execute CAD and CAM to create three-dimensional objects directly from computer instructions. It is. This invention is called three-dimensional modeling, and can be used to form templates and prototypes at the design stage of product development, as a manufacturing device, or as artistic forms.
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A fluid that can change its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic energy, such as a jet or a chemical agent applied by spraying through a mask adjacent to the surface of the fluid. A three-dimensional object is created by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed on a selected surface of a medium, such as a UV-curable liquid. Successive adjacent laminates representing successive adjacent cross-sections of the object are automatically formed and integrated to create a graded layered or laminar configuration of the object, and during such forming steps, the fluid medium is A three-dimensional object is formed and pulled from a generally planar or sheet surface.
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åæ§ããã€äœã®åããšããã The method described above is described in more detail in FIG. In FIG. 2, step 12 requires containing a fluid medium capable of solidifying in response to a predetermined reactive energy. Step 13 applies this energy in a graphic pattern to a selected fluid surface to form a thin, solid, discrete layer on that surface. Each layer represents an adjacent cross section of the three-dimensional object being created. It is desirable that each such layer be made as thin as possible while practicing this invention to maximize the resolution and accurate reproduction of the three-dimensional object being formed, as well as to reduce fabrication time. For this reason, an ideal theoretical situation would be such that the object is made with only selected working surfaces of the fluid medium, resulting in an infinite number of laminates, each with a thickness of zero. The hardened depth is only slightly large (e.g. less than 1 mm)
The goal is to have the following. By forming such a thin layer, the accuracy of the formed object can be improved, and it is also possible to form a molded part without a support on the surface. Of course, when this invention is used in practice, each laminate is a thin laminate, but suitable bonding is required when bonding to adjacent laminates to form a cross-section and define other cross-sections of the object being formed. The thickness should be such that it has the properties.
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The object is removed and the device is ready to produce another object. This object may be the same as the previous object, or it may be made into a completely new object by replacing the program controlling the stereolithography device.
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Continue this process.
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Make 7. By movement of a mirror or other optical or mechanical element (not shown) that is part of the light source 26, the spot 27 can be moved across the surface 23. The position of spot 27 on surface 23 is controlled by a computer or other programming device 28. A movable lifting platform 29 inside the container 21 can be selectively raised and lowered. The position of the platform 29 is controlled by a computer 28. When the apparatus operates, a three-dimensional object 30 is formed by progressively stacking unitary laminates such as 30a, 30b, and 30c.
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ã«ãã¹ãã§ããã The surface of the UV curable liquid 22 is maintained at a constant height within the container 21 and exposed to a spot 27 or other suitable type of UV light of sufficient intensity to cure the liquid and convert it into a solid material. reactive energy is transferred across the work surface 23 in a programmed manner. When the liquid 22 hardens to form a solid material, the lifting platform 29, which was initially just below the working surface 23, is lowered from this working surface in a programmed manner by means of a suitable actuator. Ru. In this way, the initially formed solid material comes to be below the surface 23 and the new liquid 22 flows into the surface 23. A portion of this new liquid is converted into a solid material by the programmed UV light spot 27, and this new material is bonded to the underlying material by adhesive. This process continues until the entire three-dimensional object 30 is formed. Object 30 is then removed from container 21 and the device is ready to make another object. Thereafter, another object can be created, or by replacing the program on the computer 28, a new object can be created. The curable liquid 22, such as a UV curable liquid, must have several important properties. (A) It must cure quickly with an available UV light source so that practical object formation times are obtained. (B) Must be adhesive so that successive layers adhere to each other. (C) When the viscosity is low enough and the lifting platform moves the object,
Fresh liquid material must flow quickly to the surface. (D) UV should be absorbed so that the layer formed is reasonably thin. (E) is reasonably soluble in the solvent in the liquid state and reasonably insoluble in the same solvent in the solid state;
After the object is formed, it must be possible to wash the UV-curable liquid and partially cured liquid from the object. (F) Should be as non-toxic and non-irritating as possible.
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Azo compounds such as 2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide; hydrates such as t-butyl perbenzoate, t-butyl peracetate peresters that decompose into peracid compounds; photosensitive compounds such as benzophenone and benzoyl ether; A spot 27 of UV light is generated that is strong enough to cure quickly enough to be practical. source 26
is configured such that it can be programmed to turn on and off and to move the focusing spot 27 across the surface 23 of the liquid 22. Thus, as the spot 27 moves, it hardens the liquid 22 into a solid and forms a pattern on a surface in much the same way that a chart recording or drafting device uses a pen to draw a pattern on a piece of paper. Draw a solid pattern.
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The bundle was 1 m long and the light output was fed into a lens tube with a quartz lens to focus the UV to a spot. The light source 26 is capable of producing a spot slightly less than 1 mm in diameter and has a longwave UV intensity of about 1 watt/cm 2 .
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3. Form a focal point to obtain a region of high strength and rapidly diverge to a lower strength to limit the depth of the curing process to obtain the thinnest cross-sectional laminate suitable for the object being formed. It is desirable that the This uses a lens with a short focal length and the source 2
6 as close to the work surface as possible to maximize divergence in the focal cone entering the fluid medium. As a result, the resolution is substantially higher.
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limited by the response of the UV curable liquid.
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é§åãããã The lifting platform 29 in the embodiment of FIG. 3 is a platform attached to an analog plotter (not shown). The plotter is driven by an HP3497 data acquisition/control unit with an internal digital-to-analog converter under program control of computer 28.
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ãããšã ãã§ããã The computer 28 of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus of this invention basically has two functions. First, it helps the operator design a three-dimensional object in such a way that it can be created. Second, convert this design into appropriate commands for stereolithography and send these commands so that the object is formed. In some applications, there is a design of the object, and the only action of the computer is to issue appropriate commands or commands.
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You can see it in three dimensions on the CRT screen of the calculator 28. When the operator completes the design, he commands the computer 28 to create the object, and the computer issues appropriate commands for three-dimensional modeling.
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8 is an HP9816 and uses a basic operating system. A typical program is shown in the attached reference material. This system is programmed by the operator using the HP Graphics Language (command structure for the 3497A) and Basic Language commands.
The operator must also set the appropriate exposure time and speed for the UV cure time. In order to operate this device, we create an image of the object and write a program to drive the three-dimensional modeling device to create this object.
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ã«ãã容æã«éæããããšãã§ããã A constant level of liquid 22 at work surface 23 can be maintained using a computer-controlled pump (not shown). This necessity is due to the following reasons. That is, when the liquid is exposed to light, it contracts due to a change in its capacitance, and the liquid level changes. Further, when the lifting table 29 moves into the liquid, the volume of the liquid changes, and thereby the liquid level changes.
The thickness of the liquid layer is determined by the depth of the previous layer formed below the liquid level, so if the liquid level is not kept constant, the actual thickness of the layer formed will be This is because the thickness of the layer varies depending on the desired thickness of the layer, making it impossible to form a layer with an accurate thickness. driving a fluid pump or driving a liquid displacement device using any suitable liquid level sensing device and feedback circuit known in the art;
A solid rod (not shown) is driven that moves out of the fluid medium as the platform is moved deeper into the fluid medium, smoothing out the change in fluid volume and creating a constant surface on surface 23. Fluid level can be maintained. Alternatively, the light source 26 can be moved relative to the sensed liquid level 22 and automatically maintain sharp focus on the work surface 23. All of these alternatives can be easily accomplished with conventional software working in conjunction with computer controller 28.
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Raise the height and remove the object from the stand. Typically, this is followed by ultrasonically cleaning the object in a solvent, such as acetone, that does not dissolve the hardened solid medium, but dissolves the liquid state of the unhardened fluid medium. The object 30 is then placed under a strong ultraviolet light flood, typically a 200 watts per inch UV curing lamp;
Complete the curing process.
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2 is immiscible with and does not wet the curable liquid 22. By way of example, ethylene, glycol or heavy water are suitable as the intermediate liquid layer 32. In the device of FIG. 4, the three-dimensional object 30 is lifted out of the liquid 22 instead of penetrating into the fluid medium as shown in the device of FIG.
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åãæ¿ããäžå±€å®¹æã§ããã A UV light source 26 in FIG. 4 focuses a spot 27 on the interface between liquid 22 and an immiscible intermediate liquid layer (mold release agent) 32. The UV radiation passes through a suitable UV-transparent window 33 made of quartz or the like supported in the bottom of the container 21. The curable liquid 22 is provided as a very thin layer on top of the immiscible layer 32, thus limiting the depth of curing since ideally a very thin laminate should be produced. There is the advantage of directly limiting the layer thickness instead of relying solely on adsorption etc. Therefore, the formation area is more sharply limited, and if the apparatus shown in FIG.
Certain surfaces are formed more smoothly than the device shown. Additionally, the UV curable liquid 22 requires less volume and is easier to replace one curable material with another.
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There is no movable UV light source 26, and instead of a programmed source 26 and focusing spot 27, a collimated wide UV light source 35 and a suitable aperture mask 36 are used. The aperture mask 36 is placed as close as possible to the work surface 23 so that collimated light from the UV source 35 passes through the mask 36 to expose the work surface 23, thus similar to the embodiment of FIGS. , making successive adjacent laminates.
However, by using a fixed mask 36 that represents the cross-sectional shape of the object to be formed, a three-dimensional object with a constant cross-sectional shape can be obtained. When changing this cross-sectional shape, create a new mask 3 for that specific cross-sectional shape.
6 and have to match it correctly. Of course, by providing a web of the mask (not shown) which is successively moved into alignment with the surface 23, the mask can be changed automatically.
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äœãéå®ããçžæ¬¡ãæé¢ç©å±€æ¿ã圢æããã FIG. 6 also shows a three-dimensional modeling apparatus similar to that previously described with respect to FIG. However, the light source 26
and as a replacement for the focal spot 27, a cathode ray tube (CRT) 38, an optical fiber face plate 39;
and a water or other template layer 40. To this end, the image output from the computer 28 to the CRT 38 forms an image on the UV-emitting phosphor surface of the tube, where it passes through the optical fiber layer 39 and the template layer 40 and into the working surface 23 of the fluid medium 22. In all other respects,
The apparatus of FIG. 6 forms successive cross-sectional laminates that define the desired three-dimensional object to be formed, just as in the previously described embodiments.
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çãªæ§é ïŒïŒãéžæçã«åœ¢æããããšãã§ããã 7 and 8 show a three-dimensional modeling apparatus in which the lifting platform 29 has additional degrees of freedom, allowing different sides of the object 30 to be exposed for other construction methods. Similarly, this stereolithography method can be used as an "add-on" method, and the lift platform 29 can be used to pick up and position additional parts for supplementary stereolithography processing. In this respect, the apparatus shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3, except that in the apparatus of FIGS. Or, it differs in that it has a second degree of freedom of automatically controlled rotation. In this regard, FIG. 7 shows the adjustable lifting platform 29a in the normal position.
FIG. 8 shows the table 29a rotated by 90 degrees, so that an auxiliary structure 41 formed by three-dimensional modeling can be selectively added to one side of the three-dimensional object 30. can be formed into
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ãããã€ãŠããã Practical stereolithography devices have additional components and subsystems beyond those previously described for the devices shown schematically in FIGS. 3-8. For example, a practical device has a frame and housing and a control panel. Additionally, means may be provided to shield the operator from excess UV and visible light, and may also be provided to allow the operator to view the object 30 while it is being formed. Practical equipment includes safety measures to control ozone and harmful fumes, as well as high pressure safety protection and interlocking devices. Such practical devices also have means for effectively shielding sensitive electronic circuitry from noise sources.
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ç·ããŒã ãçšããŠéåãããããšãã§ããã As already explained, many other devices can be used to carry out the three-dimensional modeling method of the present invention. For example, instead of the UV light source 26,
A suitable fluid medium that hardens in response to a particular type of reactive energy, which can be an electron source, a visible light source, a laser light source, a shot arc light source, a high energy particle light source, an X-ray source or other radiation source;
For example, photopolymerizable materials can be used. For example, alpha octadecyl acrylic acid, which has been slightly prepolymerized using UV light, can be polymerized using an electron beam. Similarly, poly(2,3-
dichloro-1-propyl acrylate) can be polymerized using an X-ray beam.
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The stereolithography method and apparatus of the present invention has many advantages over methods currently used for manufacturing plastic objects. The method of the present invention does not require the creation of design layouts and drawings, nor does it require the creation of processing drawings and tools. Designers can work directly with computers and stereolithography equipment, and when they are satisfied with the design displayed on the computer's output screen, they can directly review it.
Parts can be manufactured. When a design needs to be changed, it can be easily done through a computer, and then another part can be made to verify that the change was correct. If a design requires several parts with interacting design parameters, the design of all parts can be quickly changed and recreated. This allows the entire assemblage to be constructed and tested repeatedly, if necessary.
The method of this invention is further useful.
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æéãã€çµæžçã«äœãããšãã§ããã Once the design is complete, manufacturing of the parts can begin immediately, thus avoiding weeks or months between design and manufacturing. The final production rate and cost of parts should be similar to the cost of current injection molding for short run production, and labor costs can be even lower than with injection molding.
Injection molding is economical only when large numbers of identical parts are required. Stereolithography is useful for short-term production. This is because no tools are required and the production set-up time is very short. Similarly, design changes and custom parts are easily obtained using this method. Because it is easy to make parts,
Stereolithography allows plastic parts to be used in many places where parts of metal or other materials are currently used. Additionally, a plastic model of the object can be made quickly and economically before a decision is made to manufacture the more expensive metal or other material parts.
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±éã«ãã€ãŠããããšã¯æããã§ããã Although various three-dimensional modeling devices for carrying out this invention have been described above, it is clear that they all share the idea of drawing a nearly two-dimensional surface and pulling up a three-dimensional object from this surface. be.
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åŸæ¥é·ãéãã€ãèŠæã«å¿ããã The present invention addresses a long-standing need for a CAD and CAM system that can quickly, reliably, accurately and economically design and manufacture three-dimensional plastic parts and the like.
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ãããããšã¯ãªãã While the invention has been illustrated and described in a particular form, it will be obvious that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention. Therefore, this invention is not limited only to the scope of the claims of the present application.
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1 and 2 are flowcharts showing the basic idea used to implement the three-dimensional modeling method of this invention, and FIG. 3 is a cross section of a currently preferred embodiment of an apparatus for implementing this invention. 4 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 7 and 8, which are cross-sectional views of still another embodiment, are partial cross-sectional views of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus of FIG. 3 modified to incorporate a lifting platform with multiple degrees of freedom. 21... Container, 22... UV curable liquid, 23... Work surface, 26... Light source, 28... Calculator, 29... Lifting platform, 30... Object.
Claims (1)
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ïŒé èšèŒã®äžæ¬¡å ç©äœã圢æããè£ çœ®ã ïŒ åèšé¢å液å€ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãå«ãç¹
èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®äžæ¬¡å ç©äœã圢æãã
è£ çœ®ã[Scope of Claims] 1. A device for automatically creating a three-dimensional object from a hardenable fluid medium, comprising: an arithmetic device that generates data representing a cross section of the three-dimensional object to be created; a container containing the fluid medium; a non-reactive mold release fluid retaining a quantity of said fluid medium on a work surface; and exposing said fluid medium to curing radiation generated in response to said data to form a first cross-sectional layer on said work surface. and an apparatus for laminating the first cross-sectional layer with a subsequent fluid layer to form a second cross-sectional layer adhered to the first cross-sectional layer; A device that forms three-dimensional objects from cross-sectional layers. 2. The apparatus for forming a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the mold release liquid contains heavy water. 3. The apparatus for forming a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the mold release liquid contains ethylene glycol.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1112736A JPH0236930A (en) | 1989-05-01 | 1989-05-01 | Method and device for preparing three-dimensional body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1112736A JPH0236930A (en) | 1989-05-01 | 1989-05-01 | Method and device for preparing three-dimensional body |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP60173347A Division JPS6235966A (en) | 1984-08-08 | 1985-08-08 | Method and apparatus for generating 3-d object |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP5105641A Division JPH0798363B2 (en) | 1993-05-06 | 1993-05-06 | Method and apparatus for creating three-dimensional objects |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0236930A JPH0236930A (en) | 1990-02-06 |
JPH049661B2 true JPH049661B2 (en) | 1992-02-20 |
Family
ID=14594262
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP1112736A Granted JPH0236930A (en) | 1989-05-01 | 1989-05-01 | Method and device for preparing three-dimensional body |
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JP (1) | JPH0236930A (en) |
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JP2018187894A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-29 | æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãªã³ãŒ | Method for producing three-dimensional molding |
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1989
- 1989-05-01 JP JP1112736A patent/JPH0236930A/en active Granted
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JPH0236930A (en) | 1990-02-06 |
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