JPH04500471A - urine excretion device - Google Patents

urine excretion device

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Publication number
JPH04500471A
JPH04500471A JP50289490A JP50289490A JPH04500471A JP H04500471 A JPH04500471 A JP H04500471A JP 50289490 A JP50289490 A JP 50289490A JP 50289490 A JP50289490 A JP 50289490A JP H04500471 A JPH04500471 A JP H04500471A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
urine
excretion device
shape
main body
hole
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Japanese (ja)
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ローリンソン、ブリジェト
ウィリアムズ、モーリス
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Individual
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/44Devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge; Portable urination aids; Colostomy devices
    • A61F5/451Genital or anal receptacles
    • A61F5/455Genital or anal receptacles for collecting urine or discharge from female member

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Nursing (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。 (57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 発明の名称 尿排泄装置 技術分野 本発明は失禁の女性の尿道口から尿の収集容器へ尿を流す際に使用する装置に関 する。[Detailed description of the invention] name of invention urine excretion device Technical field The present invention relates to a device for use in draining urine from the urethral meatus of an incontinent woman to a urine collection container. do.

発明の背景 多くの女性は優れた尿の排泄制御に欠けるため、慢性的に尿排泄を自制できない でいる。このようなことは年上いて、かつ永久的に麻痺した女性にとって珍しい 状態ではない。その他の場合として、女性は尿の排泄制御を通常行うことができ るけれども、彼女らは一時的に寝たきりになるため、尿慇集装置に上手に排尿す ることができる姿勢を取ることを当然のこととして考えることができない。同じ ような状況が新生児である女の子にも存在する。つまり、彼女らの尿の排泄量は 、彼女らの尿の全てが集められない限り医務員によって正確に測定され得ない。Background of the invention Many women lack good urinary control and are chronically unable to control their urinary output. I'm here. This is unusual for older and permanently paralyzed women. It's not a state. In other cases, women are unable to normally control their urine output. However, since they are temporarily bedridden, they cannot urinate properly into a urine collection device. We cannot take for granted that we can adopt a posture that allows us to do things. same A similar situation also exists for newborn girls. In other words, the amount of urine they excrete is , cannot be accurately measured by medical personnel unless all of their urine is collected.

近時、このような事は濡れたおむつの重量を測定することによって成される。し かしながら、このような事は、尿の検体を調べる場合の集尿技術として不正確か つ役立つものでない。These days, this is accomplished by measuring the weight of the wet diaper. death However, this may be an inaccurate urine collection technique when examining urine samples. It's not very useful.

内部導尿子は激しい失禁の場合を除いて上手に使うことができないので、外部導 尿子又は尿排泄装置が女性用に工夫されている。その様な例は合衆国パテント番 号2゜556.102.8,995,329.4.484,917 、及び4. 681.572に示されている。しかしながら、これらもまた主として一時的な 使用のために工夫されたものである。一般に、それらは外陰部会て又は会陰部を 広げるように設計され、それによってそれらは外陰部又は会陰部との漏れの無し %封止部を形成する。生み出された不快感は事実上絶えず我慢しなければならな いものである。すなわち、新生児である女の子又は慢性的に失禁する女性のよう な長期間使用する者にとって外部導尿子又は尿排泄装置は効果的なものではない 。Since internal catheters cannot be used effectively except in cases of severe incontinence, external catheters are recommended. Urine or urine excretion devices have been devised for women. Such examples include US patent numbers. No. 2゜556.102.8,995,329.4.484,917, and 4. 681.572. However, these are also largely temporary It is designed for use. Generally, they cover the vulva or perineum. Designed to spread out, so they have no leakage with the vulva or perineum % form a sealing part. The discomfort created must be endured virtually constantly. It's a good thing. i.e., newborn girls or chronically incontinent women. External catheters or urine evacuation devices are not effective for long-term users. .

最近、合衆国パテント番号4.496.855に示されるように、女性の尿排泄 装置が使用時に伴う不快感を減じるように工夫され、長期間を基礎において使用 できるであろう。この装置は他の装置よりも小さく、膣を覆わないように設計さ れている。つまり、身体の組織に2重の封止部を与えるように、こぶを有するサ ドル状の外形を有する。使用中に、尿道開口部は装置で膨らまされ、装置の一部 は主陰唇の折曲部から突き出るよう置かれる。不快感さの水準は減じられるけれ ども、実質的な圧力は外陰部に及ぼされ続ける。すなわち、その使用者は常時そ の存在を意識する。さらに、装置をその位置にずれること無くかつ漏れ部を形成 すること無く尿道口を覆うよう保持するため、十分な圧力を形成するよう11− ネス(皮帯)が腹部回りに取り付けられなければならない。Recently, as shown in US Patent No. 4.496.855, female urinary excretion The device is designed to reduce discomfort during use and can be used on a long-term basis. It will be possible. This device is smaller than other devices and is designed not to cover the vagina. It is. That is, the sachet has a knob to provide a double seal to the body's tissues. It has a dollar-shaped outer shape. During use, the urethral opening is inflated with the device and part of the device is placed so that it protrudes from the fold of the major labia. The level of discomfort will be reduced However, substantial pressure continues to be exerted on the vulva. That is, the user is always be aware of the existence of Furthermore, the device does not shift into position and leaks are formed. 11- to create sufficient pressure to hold the urethral meatus over the meatus without causing A nes (skin strap) must be placed around the abdomen.

従って、最小の漏れを旨く達成でき、かつ長期間に渡って快適に身に付けること ができるよう、取り巻く身体組織をほとんど圧迫しない尿排泄装置が失禁の女性 により生き生きと使用される必要性がまだ残っていることが理解できるであろう 。そのような尿排泄装置を提供することに本発明は主に向けられている。Therefore, it is possible to successfully achieve minimal leakage and to wear comfortably for a long period of time. A urinary excretion device that puts little pressure on the surrounding body tissue allows for incontinent women. It will be understood that there is still a need for it to be used more vividly. . The present invention is primarily directed to providing such a urinary excretion device.

発明の概要 本発明の好ましい形体では、尿排泄装置が、尿道口を取り囲む尿道開口部と主陰 唇との間に位置付けられ、前室として知られる自然の構造に根ざした大きさ及び 形から成る−の身体の窪み部を有する失禁の女性によって生き生きと使用される ように提供される。Summary of the invention In a preferred form of the invention, the urinary excretion device comprises a urethral orifice surrounding the urethral meatus and a primary vulva. The size and size are rooted in a natural structure located between the lips and known as the anterior chamber. Consisting of the shape of a body cavity that is used vividly by incontinent women provided as follows.

装置は前室の大きさ及び形に大体一致する−の本体を有する。このような形状は 、身体の窪み部に接している組織に実質的に圧力を及ぼさないよう上記窪み部内 に確実に止まり、はぼ漏れが無いことを可能にする。装置本体は−の穴部と共に 形成され、該穴部を介して尿が収集容器へ流れる。The device has a body that roughly matches the size and shape of the vestibule. This kind of shape is , inside the body cavity so as not to exert substantial pressure on the tissues in contact with the body cavity. This ensures a secure stop and no leakage. The main body of the device together with the - hole through which urine flows into the collection container.

本発明の他の好ましい形体では、尿排泄装置は失禁の女性によって生き生きと使 用されるように提供される。In another preferred form of the invention, the urinary excretion device is actively used by an incontinent woman. provided for use.

装置はほぼ長円形の周囲を有するほぼ平面の又はわずかに凸の−の正面壁を有す る−の本体から構成され、上記周囲から側壁群が本体の−の空洞部の回りを該空 洞部の回りの−の後縁部へ互いに近付き合うように延びる。上記本体は内部に− の穴部を有し、該穴部は上記正面壁から上記空洞部へ延びる。The device has a generally planar or slightly convex front wall with a generally oblong perimeter. The side wall group extends from the periphery of the body around the cavity of the body. - extend towards each other towards the posterior edge around the sinus. The above body is inside- a hole extending from the front wall to the cavity.

第1図は本発明の概念を好ましい形体で実施した尿排泄装置の好ましい形体の全 体図、 第2図は第1図に示された装置の側方断面図、第3図は使用のため決まった場所 に載置される第1図に示された装置を示す女性の一部の内部側面の解剖学図、第 4図は身体から装置が突き出て示される−の管を有する女性の股の外部正面の解 剖学図、 第5図は下層にある身体の器官及び組織を明らかにするため一部を広げて示され る主陰唇のひだを有する女性の外陰部及び会陰部の解剖学図、 第6図は装置が取り囲む身体組織によって決まった場所にいかに保持されるかを 示す拡大図である。FIG. 1 shows an overview of a preferred form of a urinary excretion device embodying the concepts of the invention in a preferred form. body diagram, Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the device shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a fixed location for use; Anatomical drawing of the internal aspect of a female part showing the device shown in FIG. Figure 4 shows an external front view of a woman's crotch with the tube shown with the device protruding from the body. anatomy diagram, Figure 5 is partially expanded to reveal the underlying body organs and tissues. Anatomical diagram of the female vulva and perineum with major labial folds, Figure 6 shows how the device is held in place by the surrounding body tissue. FIG.

詳細説明 図面を参照して詳細に示すように、第5図は下層にある身体の器官及び組織を明 らかにするため一部を広げて示される主陰唇として知られる隠れている唇部又は ひだ部を有する女性の外陰部を示す。副陰唇が前室として知られる副窪み部を囲 むように示される。前室の底部は尿道口を取り囲む尿道開口部によって形成され る。また、腟が副陰唇の境界部内でかつ前室の下方に位置付けられる。ここで、 前室は副窪み部であるので主陰唇の真下すぐに壁の無い領域があるけれども、前 室の側壁はその形及び大きさを定めることにおいて主陰唇へ延びるように思われ る。ここで、副陰唇の非常に小さな部分が、自然の前室の唇部から実質的に共に 延びる−の壁片として存在しても良い。Detailed explanation As shown in detail with reference to the drawings, Figure 5 highlights the underlying body organs and tissues. the hidden labia known as the labia majora, which are shown partially spread apart to reveal the labia; Showing a female vulva with folds. The accessory labia surround the accessory recess known as the anterior chamber. It is shown as follows. The bottom of the anterior chamber is formed by the urethral opening surrounding the urethral meatus. Ru. Also, the vagina is positioned within the border of the labia accessory and below the anterior chamber. here, Since the anterior chamber is a sub-recess, there is a wallless area immediately below the main labia; The lateral walls of the chamber appear to extend to the major labia in determining its shape and size. Ru. Here, a very small part of the labia labiae is removed substantially from the lips of the natural anterior chamber. It may also be present as an extending - wall piece.

第1図及び第2図を参照するに、尿排泄装置10は、それが定められるように、 前室の大きさ及び形状にほぼ一致する−の本体11を有するのが分かる。本体1 1は−の比較的柔らかい外側の殻14によって被覆される−1の比較的堅い核1 3を有する−の2片構成体からなる。Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the urinary excretion device 10, as defined, includes: It can be seen that it has a - body 11 that approximately matches the size and shape of the vestibule. Main body 1 1 is a relatively hard core 1 of -1 covered by a relatively soft outer shell 14 of -1 Consisting of a two-piece construction with 3 and -.

核13は比較的堅いプラスチックから成る。核13は設[1,た後、比較的柔ら かい外側の814を形成する溶けた乳濁液に漬けられる。Core 13 consists of relatively hard plastic. The nucleus 13 is relatively soft after installation [1, The paddle is immersed in a melted emulsion forming the outer surface 814.

本体11は、主陰唇上に滑らかに止まるように少し凸であるけれども、はぼ平た い外側表面を有する正面壁16を有し、本体11の周囲16゛はほぼ長円形に形 状付けられている。連続した側壁17群は空洞部18の回りの正面壁から空洞部 18の後縁19へ後方へ延びる。これらの図面では容易に明らかではないが、側 壁17群は、それらが前室の側壁の大きさ及び形状に一致するように後縁19へ 向けて延びるにつれて少しずつ互いに近付き合う。正面壁16は本体空洞部18 へ延びるーの穴を備えて形成され、かなり堅いプラスチック管20がこの穴内に しっかりと合わされて圧着される。The main body 11 is slightly convex so that it rests smoothly on the main labia, but it is almost flat. The main body 11 has a front wall 16 having a thin outer surface, and the circumference 16 of the main body 11 is approximately oval in shape. has been marked. A continuous group of side walls 17 extends from the front wall around the cavity 18 to the cavity. 18 extends rearwardly to a trailing edge 19 . Although not readily apparent in these drawings, the side The walls 17 are extended to the rear edge 19 so that they match the size and shape of the side walls of the anterior chamber. As they extend toward each other, they gradually approach each other. The front wall 16 is the main body cavity 18 A fairly rigid plastic tube 20 is inserted into the hole. They are tightly fitted and crimped.

使用のため、主陰唇のひだ部が広がり、その領域は洗浄される。次いで、排泄装 置は陰核に近接して最も上方に位置付けられより先の尖った端部と、本体空洞部 18及び尿道口に面する後縁19とを有して前室内に位置付けられる。第4図に 示されるように、主陰唇の解放により主陰唇は管20周りの正面壁にひだを付け る。図示されていないが、次いで、長くて自在に曲がる排出管が堅(・管20の 端部に伸縮自在に載置されても良い。上記排出管は従来の尿収集袋で終わる。使 用者が歩行できる場合、排出管は脚の上に紐で結び付けられる曲り自在の収集袋 で終わる。For use, the folds of the major labia are widened and the area is cleaned. Next, excretory clothing The uppermost point close to the clitoris has a more pointed end, and the body cavity. 18 and a posterior edge 19 facing the urethral meatus and is positioned within the anterior chamber. In Figure 4 As shown, release of the labia major causes the labia major to fold against the front wall around canal 20. Ru. Although not shown, next, a long and freely bendable discharge pipe is made of a rigid material. It may be placed telescopically at the end. The drain tube terminates in a conventional urine collection bag. messenger If the user is ambulatory, the drain tube is a flexible collection bag strapped over the leg. end with.

まさに述べられた上記型の尿排泄装置は寝たきり及び歩行できる女性の両方に不 快感、位置ずれ、又は顕著な漏れを与えずにうまく機能することが分かった。上 記装置は前室の側壁によって心地好く正しい位置に保持され、また副陰唇の非常 に小さな部分によって、尿道開口部によって、及び主陰唇によって可能になる。Urinary excretion devices of the type just described are unsuitable for both bedridden and ambulatory women. It has been found to work well without providing pleasure, displacement, or significant leakage. Up The device is held comfortably in place by the side walls of the anterior chamber and by the very by a small part, by the urethral opening, and by the major labia.

大人に対し、本体11は好ましくは全体で35mmの外側長さで、21mmの最 大外側幅を有する。後縁19の内側は好ましくは21. m m幅で最大12m m長さである。幼児に対し、後縁19の内径は好ましくは最大7.5mrn幅で 、12mm長さである。5才乃至12才の子供に対しては、空洞部18の内径は 最大11rnm幅で、13mm長さである。また、もし必要ならば、−の穴及び ベルトを有して形成される周囲周当て物がその穴を介して突き出る管20を備え ても良い。これは、使用者が非常に年上いている場合を除いて通常必要とされな い。空洞部18の存在は、尿の流れの力が分散されるので、尿の流れの衝突に基 づく装置の移動の機会が減じられることが分かる。For adults, the body 11 preferably has an overall outer length of 35 mm and a maximum length of 21 mm. It has a large outer width. The inside of the trailing edge 19 is preferably 21. mm Maximum width is 12m It is m length. For infants, the inner diameter of the trailing edge 19 is preferably at most 7.5 mrn wide. , 12mm long. For children between the ages of 5 and 12, the inner diameter of the cavity 18 is It has a maximum width of 11rnm and a length of 13mm. Also, if necessary, - holes and A circumferential cover formed with a belt is provided with a tube 20 projecting through the hole. It's okay. This is usually not required unless the user is very old. stomach. The presence of the cavity 18 is based on the collision of the urine flow, since the force of the urine flow is dispersed. It can be seen that the chances of moving the equipment are reduced.

すなわち、尿排泄装置は比較的単純で経済的な構成体から成り、長期間又は短期 間のどちらかに基づいて不快感無しで効果的に使用され得るものとして提供され ことは理解される。もちろん、まさに述べられた実施例は好ましい形体で単に本 発明の概念を示したに過ぎず、以下の請求の範囲に説明されるように本発明の思 想及び範囲から逸脱1.ない限りにおいて、いかなる態様も成され得る。That is, the urinary excretion apparatus consists of relatively simple and economical components that can be used for long or short periods of time. provided that it can be used effectively without discomfort based on either That is understood. Of course, the embodiment just described is in its preferred form merely a book. The inventive concept is merely illustrative, and the inventive concept is described in the following claims. Deviation from vision and scope 1. Any embodiment may be made unless otherwise specified.

FIG、5 国際調査報告FIG.5 international search report

Claims (10)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1.一の尿道口を取り囲む一の尿道開口部と一の主陰唇との間に位置付けられた 一の前室として知られる自然の構造に根ざした大きさ及び形から成る一の身体の 窪み部を有する失禁の女性によって生き生きと使用される尿排泄装置において、 前記尿排泄装置は前記自然の身体の窪み部の大きさ及び形に大体同じである大き さ及び形の一の本体を有し、それによって、前記身体の窪み部に接している組機 に実質的に圧力を及ぼさないよう前記窪み部内に確実に止まるよう適合され、 前記尿排泄装置の本体は尿が流れる一の穴部と共に形成されたことを特徴とする 尿排泄装置。1. located between one urethral opening surrounding one urethral meatus and one major labia The size and shape of one's body are rooted in a natural structure known as the anterior chamber of one. In a urinary excretion device used lively by incontinent women with a recessed part, The urinary excretion apparatus has a size that is approximately the same size and shape as the natural body cavity. A weaving machine having a body having a shape and a shape, thereby contacting the recess of the body. adapted to rest securely within said recess so as not to exert substantial pressure on said recess; The main body of the urine excretion device is characterized in that it is formed with a hole through which urine flows. Urinary excretion apparatus. 2.穴部は比較的大きな尿の入口部と、比較的小さな尿の出口部を有したことを 特徴とする請求の範囲1記載の尿排泄装置。2. The hole had a relatively large urine inlet and a relatively small urine outlet. The urine excretion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3.穴部の尿の入口部は、ほぼ長円形に形状付けられた本体の側壁部群によって 取り囲まれたことを特徴とする請求の範囲2記載の尿排泄装置。3. The urine inlet of the hole is located by the side wall group of the main body, which is approximately oval in shape. 3. Urinary excretion device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is enclosed. 4.穴部の尿の出口部は、ほぼ円筒状に形状付けられた本体の側壁部群によって 取り囲まれたことを特徴とする請求の範囲3記載の尿排泄装置。4. The urine outlet of the hole is provided by the side wall group of the main body, which is approximately cylindrical in shape. 4. Urinary excretion device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is enclosed. 5.本体の穴部の出口部分に載置された一端を有する一の管を備えたことを特徴 とする請求の範囲3記載の尿排泄装置。5. characterized by comprising a tube having one end placed in the outlet portion of the hole in the body; The urine excretion device according to claim 3. 6.本体は比較的柔らかいプラスチックの殻によって被覆されたプラスチックの 内部の核を備えたことを特徴とする請求の範囲1記載の尿排泄装置。6. The body is made of plastic covered by a relatively soft plastic shell. The urine excretion device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an internal core. 7.失禁の女性によって生き生きと使用される尿排泄装置において、 ほぼ長円形に形状付けられた周囲を有するほぼ平面の一の正面壁を有する一の本 体から構成され、前記周囲から側壁群が本体の一の空洞部の回りを該空洞部の阿 りの一の後表面縁部へ互いに近付き合うように延び、 前記本体は内部に前記正面壁から前記空洞部へ延びる一の穴部を有したことを特 徴とする尿排泄装置。7. In the urinary excretion apparatus vividly used by incontinent women, a book having a generally planar front wall with a generally oval shaped perimeter; A group of side walls extends from the periphery around one cavity of the body. extending toward each other toward the rear surface edge of the The main body may have a hole extending from the front wall to the cavity. A urinary excretion device. 8.本体の穴部と液体が通じるように連結し、本体の正面壁から突き出る一の管 を備えたことを特徴とする請求の範囲7記載の尿排泄装置。8. A pipe that connects to the hole in the main body so that liquid can communicate with it and protrudes from the front wall of the main body. 8. The urine excretion device according to claim 7, comprising: 9.本体の後表面縁部はほぼ長円形に形状付けられたことを特徴とする請求の範 囲7記載の尿排泄装置。9. Claims characterized in that the rear surface edge of the main body is shaped into a substantially oval shape. The urine excretion device according to Box 7. 10.本体は比較的堅い一の内側の核と、比較的柔らかい一の外側の殻を有した ことを特徴とする請求の範囲7記載の尿排泄装置。10. The body had a relatively hard inner core and a relatively soft outer shell. 8. The urine excretion device according to claim 7.
JP50289490A 1989-01-27 1990-01-19 urine excretion device Pending JPH04500471A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30234389A 1989-01-27 1989-01-27
US302,343 1989-01-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04500471A true JPH04500471A (en) 1992-01-30

Family

ID=23167356

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP50289490A Pending JPH04500471A (en) 1989-01-27 1990-01-19 urine excretion device

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EP (1) EP0411085A4 (en)
JP (1) JPH04500471A (en)
WO (1) WO1990008561A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK112893A (en) * 1993-10-08 1995-07-11 Soeren Rahlff urine collector
EP0831750A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-04-01 Insight Medical Corporation Urethral cap
JPH11514890A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-12-21 エヌイービーエル インク Urinary incontinence device for women
DE19619597A1 (en) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-20 Walter Frenkel Disposal apparatus for human bowel excretions
US5813973A (en) * 1996-05-30 1998-09-29 Gloth; David Device and method for alleviating female urinary incontinence
US5885204A (en) * 1996-11-27 1999-03-23 Insight Medical Corporation Incontinence device and method of use
US5755236A (en) * 1996-12-12 1998-05-26 Dann; Jeffrey A. Female incontinence device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1467144A (en) * 1974-04-25 1977-03-16 Hollister Inc Female urinary guide device
SE415443B (en) * 1977-04-21 1980-10-06 Huga Ab EXTERNAL URINARY DIRECTOR DEVICE FOR WOMEN
EP0109217A1 (en) * 1982-11-05 1984-05-23 Craig Medical Products Limited Female incontinence device
US4795449A (en) * 1986-08-04 1989-01-03 Hollister Incorporated Female urinary incontinence device

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EP0411085A4 (en) 1992-06-10
WO1990008561A1 (en) 1990-08-09

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