JPH04365884A - Glass lining method - Google Patents

Glass lining method

Info

Publication number
JPH04365884A
JPH04365884A JP14340591A JP14340591A JPH04365884A JP H04365884 A JPH04365884 A JP H04365884A JP 14340591 A JP14340591 A JP 14340591A JP 14340591 A JP14340591 A JP 14340591A JP H04365884 A JPH04365884 A JP H04365884A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
glass lining
thickness
glass
layer
stainless steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP14340591A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2642536B2 (en
Inventor
Kuniharu Kondo
邦治 近藤
Yoshihiro Iizawa
吉弘 飯沢
Masahiro Shirasaki
雅裕 白崎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ikebukuro Horo Kogyo Co Ltd
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
Ikebukuro Horo Kogyo Co Ltd
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ikebukuro Horo Kogyo Co Ltd, NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical Ikebukuro Horo Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority to JP3143405A priority Critical patent/JP2642536B2/en
Publication of JPH04365884A publication Critical patent/JPH04365884A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2642536B2 publication Critical patent/JP2642536B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a glass lined structure having excellent adhesion and exfoliation resistance of the glass lining by thermally spraying a metal or alloy on the surface of a stainless base and carrying out coating with ground coat and cover coat by heat treatment. CONSTITUTION:A metal or alloy is thermally sprayed on the surface of a stainless base and glass lining is carried out by heat treatment. The thickness of the resulting glass lining is 600-2,500mum and the ratio between the thickness of the thermally sprayed layer and that of the glass lining is 1:(10-200).

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

【0001】0001

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、化学工業、医薬品工業
、食品工業等における厳しい使用条件に耐えるステンレ
ス系の鋼板あるいは鋳物を基材としたグラスライニング
機器類用のグラスライニングの施工方法に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for constructing glass linings for glass-lined equipment made of stainless steel sheets or cast metals that can withstand severe conditions of use in the chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, etc.

【0002】0002

【従来の技術】グラスライニング焼成で、下ぐすりが素
地金属へ強固に密着するためには、酸化される金属でな
ければならない。ステンレス金属は非酸化性のため、従
来、ステンレス鋼グラスライニングは前処理でステンレ
ス素地面を化学的に酸処理や物理的にサンドブラスト処
理で粗面化して下ぐすりとの間の密着性を高める試みが
なされてきている。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In order for the base material to firmly adhere to the base metal in glass lining firing, it must be a metal that can be oxidized. Since stainless steel metal is non-oxidizing, conventionally, stainless steel glass lining is pre-treated by chemically treating the stainless steel surface with acid or physically sandblasting to roughen it to improve the adhesion between it and the underlayment. Attempts have been made.

【0003】また、ステンレス製グラスライニングは、
ステンレス素地(線熱膨張係数が100〜400℃で1
65×10−7℃−1以上)とグラス質(線熱膨張係数
が100〜400℃で95〜100×10−7℃−1)
との線熱膨張係数の差が大きく、焼成工程後の冷却収縮
の違いによる残留圧縮応力が大となり、ステンレス素地
からグラスライニング層へ剪断応力の発生が起こり、し
ばしばグラスライニングの剥離現象が発生する。
[0003] Also, stainless steel glass lining is
Stainless steel base (linear thermal expansion coefficient 1 at 100-400℃)
65 x 10-7℃-1 or higher) and glassy (linear thermal expansion coefficient of 95-100 x 10-7℃-1 at 100-400℃)
There is a large difference in the linear thermal expansion coefficient between the stainless steel base and the glass lining layer, and residual compressive stress due to the difference in cooling shrinkage after the firing process becomes large, causing shear stress to occur from the stainless steel base to the glass lining layer, which often causes the glass lining to peel off. .

【0004】0004

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、ステ
ンレス系素地表面に金属または合金を溶射処理し、その
後、下ぐすりと上ぐすりを熱処理で被覆し、密着性、グ
ラスライニング剥離性共に優れたグラスライニング構造
体を得ることができるグラスライニングの施工方法を提
供することにある。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The object of the present invention is to thermally spray a metal or alloy onto the surface of a stainless steel base material, and then heat-treat the bottom layer and top layer to improve the adhesion and the removability of the glass lining. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a glass lining that can obtain an excellent glass lining structure.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上述の目
的を達成するために、溶射材料、溶射膜厚とグラスライ
ニング層厚み比率を鋭意研究した結果、全グラスライニ
ング厚みを600〜2500μmとし、溶射処理層厚み
とグラスライニング層厚みの比率を1:10〜200の
範囲内とすることにより密着性、グラスライニング剥離
性共に優れたグラスライニング構造体が得られることを
見出し本発明を完成するに至った。
[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors conducted extensive research on the thermal spraying material, the thermal spray film thickness, and the glass lining layer thickness ratio, and as a result, the total glass lining thickness was determined to be 600 to 2500 μm. They found that by setting the ratio of the thermal spraying layer thickness to the glass lining layer thickness within the range of 1:10 to 200, a glass lining structure with excellent adhesion and glass lining releasability could be obtained, and the present invention was completed. I ended up doing it.

【0006】即ち、本発明に係るグラスライニングの施
工方法は、ステンレス基材表面に金属または合金を溶射
処理し、その後のグラスライニングを熱処理により行う
グラスライニングの施工方法であって、全グラスライニ
ング厚みが600μmから2500μmの範囲内で、か
つ溶射処理層厚みとグラスライニング層厚みの比率が1
:10〜200の範囲内にあることを特徴とする。
That is, the method for constructing a glass lining according to the present invention is a method for constructing a glass lining in which a metal or alloy is thermally sprayed onto the surface of a stainless steel base material, and the subsequent glass lining is heat-treated. is within the range of 600 μm to 2500 μm, and the ratio of the thermal spraying layer thickness to the glass lining layer thickness is 1.
: It is characterized by being in the range of 10 to 200.

【0007】[0007]

【作用】本発明は、ステンレス金属表面へ母材と同一ス
テンレス材料(例えばSUS−316、304、430
等)やNi、Cr、Fe、Co金属あるいはNi−Cr
、Fe−Cr系合金を溶射処理することにより、グラス
ライニング焼成後にグラスライニング層と金属の冷却収
縮の違いで、グラス層が剥離する欠点がなくなり、十分
な密着強度が得られるものである。
[Operation] The present invention applies stainless steel to the surface of stainless steel using the same stainless steel material as the base material (for example, SUS-316, 304, 430).
), Ni, Cr, Fe, Co metal or Ni-Cr
By thermal spraying the Fe-Cr alloy, the disadvantage of the glass layer peeling off due to the difference in cooling shrinkage between the glass lining layer and the metal after firing the glass lining layer is eliminated, and sufficient adhesion strength can be obtained.

【0008】また、ステンレス素地表面の金属溶射層は
従来のグラスライニングの如きステンレス素地と下ぐす
りの酸化反応による発泡現象を減少させ、グラスライニ
ング焼成後に発生する残留応力が緩和され、グラス層の
剥離防止効果が大きい。全グラスライニング厚みはJI
S規格で決められた600〜2500μmで、溶射処理
層厚みは10〜250μmまで可能であるが、望ましく
は10〜100μmで良い。溶射層が10μm未満であ
ると、残留応力緩和効果が乏しく、250μmを超える
と溶射積層構造からグラスライニング焼成時のガス放出
が多くなる欠点がある。
[0008] Furthermore, the metal sprayed layer on the surface of the stainless steel substrate reduces the foaming phenomenon caused by the oxidation reaction between the stainless steel substrate and the underlayment, as in the case of conventional glass lining, and the residual stress that occurs after the glass lining is fired is alleviated. Great anti-peeling effect. All glass lining thickness is JI
The thickness of the sprayed layer is 600 to 2500 μm determined by the S standard, and the thickness of the sprayed layer can be 10 to 250 μm, preferably 10 to 100 μm. If the sprayed layer is less than 10 μm, the residual stress relaxation effect will be poor, and if it exceeds 250 μm, there will be a disadvantage that gas will be released from the sprayed laminated structure during firing of the glass lining.

【0009】溶射処理層厚みとグラスライニング層厚み
の比率は1:10〜200まで良く、特に優れている比
率は1:10〜83である。また、1:10未満の如く
全グラスライニング厚みに対する溶射処理層厚みが厚過
ぎると溶射処理層中の積層構造に伴う気孔が問題となり
、グラスライニング焼成工程で溶射処理層中の気孔内部
へグラスが侵入できず、空隙として残り、グラスライニ
ング構造体としての強度低下を引き起こし、グラスライ
ニングの剥離に結び付く欠点がある。
[0009] The ratio between the thickness of the sprayed layer and the thickness of the glass lining layer is preferably from 1:10 to 200, and a particularly excellent ratio is from 1:10 to 83. Furthermore, if the thickness of the thermal sprayed layer is too thick relative to the total glass lining thickness, such as less than 1:10, pores associated with the laminated structure in the thermal sprayed layer will become a problem, and glass will enter the pores in the thermal sprayed layer during the glass lining firing process. It cannot penetrate and remains as a void, which causes a decrease in the strength of the glass lining structure and has the disadvantage of causing the glass lining to peel off.

【0010】なお、本発明に使用する慣用のグラスライ
ニング用フリット組成物はSiO2、B2O3、Al2
O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O、CoO、NiO、M
nO2、K2O、Li2O、BaO、ZnO、TiO2
、ZrO2及びF2等からなる群から選択された成分よ
りなるものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、任意
のものを使用することができる。
[0010] The conventional glass lining frit compositions used in the present invention include SiO2, B2O3, Al2
O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, CoO, NiO, M
nO2, K2O, Li2O, BaO, ZnO, TiO2
, ZrO2, F2, etc., and any material can be used without particular limitation.

【0011】[0011]

【実施例】【Example】

実施例1 以下の表1に実施例及び比較例で使用する下ぐすり、上
ぐすりの組成を記載する。
Example 1 Table 1 below lists the compositions of the lower and upper grains used in the Examples and Comparative Examples.

【0012】0012

【表1】[Table 1]

【0013】次に、ステンレス素地とグラスライニング
の密着性に対する溶射処理効果を調べるために、80m
m×100mm×1mm厚の薄板SUS−316鋼板表
面上にプラズマ溶射でNi、Cr、Fe、Co金属溶射
処理、Ni−Cr、Fe−Cr合金溶射処理、SUS−
316、304、430ステンレス溶射処理をそれぞれ
70〜100μm膜厚行った。なお、溶射処理層厚みは
マイクロメーターで測定した。溶射処理をしないSUS
−316鋼板を比較用とした。それぞれの薄板鋼板の上
に、表1の下ぐすりB粉を80メッシュ篩を用いて乾式
でグラス厚さ0.3mmに篩掛けし、840℃で10分
間焼成した後、図1に示す装置を使用して以下に記載す
る方法にてエリクセンテストを行い、3mm絞りでのグ
ラスライニングの密着性を検討した。得られた結果を表
2に示す。 エリクセンテスト グラスライニング試料(1)を図1に記載するように垂
直に設置し、ネジ式のハンドル(2)を回して40mm
φ鋼球(3)を圧接させて30mmφメス型(4)との
間でグラスライニング試料(1)に約3mmの凹み変形
を生じさせ、グラスライニングの剥離状態を観察する。
Next, in order to investigate the effect of thermal spraying on the adhesion between the stainless steel substrate and the glass lining,
Ni, Cr, Fe, Co metal spraying treatment by plasma spraying on the surface of thin SUS-316 steel plate of m x 100mm x 1mm thickness, Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr alloy spraying treatment, SUS-
316, 304, and 430 stainless steel was thermally sprayed to a film thickness of 70 to 100 μm, respectively. The thickness of the sprayed layer was measured using a micrometer. SUS without thermal spraying treatment
-316 steel plate was used for comparison. On each of the thin steel plates, the powder B powder shown in Table 1 was dry-sieved to a glass thickness of 0.3 mm using an 80-mesh sieve, and after baking at 840°C for 10 minutes, the apparatus shown in Figure 1 was applied. An Erichsen test was conducted using the method described below to examine the adhesion of the glass lining at a 3 mm aperture. The results obtained are shown in Table 2. Place the Erichsen test glass lining sample (1) vertically as shown in Figure 1 and turn the screw-type handle (2) to
A φ steel ball (3) is brought into pressure contact with a 30 mm φ female mold (4) to cause a concave deformation of approximately 3 mm in the glass lining sample (1), and the peeling state of the glass lining is observed.

【0014】[0014]

【表2】[Table 2]

【0015】表2の結果から、ステンレス薄板表面へ溶
射処理した本発明品はいずれも溶射処理なしの比較品に
比べて優れた密着性を示し、特に、Ni、Cr金属溶射
処理、Ni−Cr合金溶射処理、SUS−316、43
0溶射処理品はグラス層がステンレス素地に完全な状態
で残存し、大変良好な結果を示した。
[0015] From the results in Table 2, all of the products of the present invention thermally sprayed onto the surface of a thin stainless steel plate showed superior adhesion compared to comparative products without thermal spraying, and in particular, Ni, Cr metal thermal spraying, Ni-Cr Alloy spraying treatment, SUS-316, 43
The glass layer of the 0 thermal sprayed product remained intact on the stainless steel base, and showed very good results.

【0016】実施例2 溶射処理層厚みとグラスライニング層厚みの最適比率を
調べるために、30mm×50mm×5mm厚平板のS
US−304鋼板表面上に、プラズマ溶射にてCr金属
膜厚を下記の如くの変数で溶射処理を行った:5μm以
下 10〜20μm 30〜50μm 70〜100μm 130〜150μm 180〜200μm 230〜250μm 270〜300μm 次に、実施例1と同様の操作により下ぐすりBを0.2
mm施工し、その後、上ぐすりAを施工し、800℃で
20分間焼成した。上ぐすりAは80メッシュ篩を用い
て乾式で篩掛けし、全グラスライニング厚みが下記にな
るように焼成回数を調整し、試料作製した。 全グラスライニング厚  600μm(下ぐすり1回、
上ぐすり1回施工) 800μm(下ぐすり1回、上ぐすり2回施工)100
0μm(下ぐすり1回、上ぐすり3回施工)1500μ
m(下ぐすり1回、上ぐすり4回施工)2000μm(
下ぐすり1回、上ぐすり5回施工)2500μm(下ぐ
すり1回、上ぐすり7回施工)3000μm(下ぐすり
1回、上ぐすり8回施工)
Example 2 In order to investigate the optimum ratio between the thickness of the sprayed layer and the thickness of the glass lining layer, a flat plate of 30 mm x 50 mm x 5 mm thick was prepared.
On the surface of US-304 steel plate, Cr metal film thickness was sprayed by plasma spraying with the following variables: 5 μm or less 10-20 μm 30-50 μm 70-100 μm 130-150 μm 180-200 μm 230-250 μm 270 〜300 μm Next, by the same operation as in Example 1, 0.2
mm was applied, and then a top layer A was applied and fired at 800°C for 20 minutes. The top glass A was dry sieved using an 80 mesh sieve, and the number of firings was adjusted so that the total glass lining thickness was as shown below, to prepare a sample. Total glass lining thickness 600μm (1 time of bottoming,
800 μm (1 time for top layer, 2 times for top layer) 100
0μm (1 time for bottom cleaning and 3 times for top cleaning) 1500μ
m (lower polishing 1 time, top polishing 4 times) 2000 μm (
2,500 μm (lower layer 1 time, top layer 5 times) 3000 μm (lower layer 1 time, top layer 8 times)

【0017】なお、溶射層厚
が270〜300μmの試料はグラスライニング焼成中
に気泡が多発し、焼成のみではグラスライニング層の剥
離を発生し、適正な試料作製ができなかった。
[0017] In the sample with a sprayed layer thickness of 270 to 300 μm, many bubbles were generated during firing of the glass lining, and the glass lining layer peeled off by firing alone, making it impossible to properly prepare the sample.

【0018】グラスライニング剥離性テストとしては焼
成後、5日間自然放置し、グラスライニング表面状態を
目視で観察し、剥離の有無を調べた後、剥離のない試料
は15℃の水中に15分間浸漬した後、100℃の熱水
中へ15分間浸漬する△T85℃の冷熱テストを3回実
施し、1日間放置し、グラスライニング剥離の有無を調
べた。
As for the glass lining peelability test, after firing, the glass lining was left to stand naturally for 5 days, the surface condition of the glass lining was visually observed, and the presence or absence of peeling was examined. After that, samples with no peeling were immersed in water at 15° C. for 15 minutes. After that, a cold test of ΔT85°C was carried out three times by immersing the glass in hot water of 100°C for 15 minutes, and the glass lining was left to stand for 1 day, and the presence or absence of peeling of the glass lining was examined.

【0019】[0019]

【表3】[Table 3]

【0020】表3の結果から、Ni溶射処理層厚みと全
グラスライニング厚みの比率が1:10〜200がグラ
スライニングの剥離発生がなく、更に、1:10〜83
の比率ではグラスライニング層のクラック発生もなく、
大変良好な結果を示した。
From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that when the ratio of the Ni thermal sprayed layer thickness to the total glass lining thickness is 1:10 to 200, peeling of the glass lining does not occur, and furthermore, when the ratio of the Ni thermal sprayed layer thickness to the total glass lining thickness is 1:10 to 83.
With this ratio, there is no cracking in the glass lining layer.
The results showed very good results.

【0021】実施例3 グラスライニング機器の配管部品やバルブ等は、その複
雑形状よりステンレス鋳物素地が使用され、鋳物素地は
特に焼成後の残留応力が大きく、かつ密着性が劣り、グ
ラスライニングの剥離現象を起こし易い問題点がある。 実施例3は本発明の溶射処理効果をステンレス鋳物素地
で調べるための検討を行った。ステンレス鋳物試料とし
てはSUS−316相当品のSCS−14材料30mm
×35mm×300mmの寸法から、30mm×35m
m×30mmに切断し、Ni、Cr金属溶射処理を30
〜50μm行い、溶射なしSCS−14材料を比較用と
した。実施例2と同様の操作によりグラスライニング剥
離性テストを行い、得られた結果を表4に示す。
Example 3 Stainless steel castings are used for piping parts, valves, etc. of glass-lined equipment due to their complex shapes. Castings have particularly large residual stress after firing and poor adhesion, resulting in peeling of the glass lining. There are problems that can easily cause problems. In Example 3, a study was conducted to examine the effect of the thermal spraying treatment of the present invention on a stainless steel casting base. The stainless steel casting sample is 30 mm of SCS-14 material equivalent to SUS-316.
From the dimensions of x35mm x 300mm to 30mm x 35m
Cut into 30mm x 30mm pieces and apply Ni and Cr metal spraying treatment to 30mm x 30mm.
~50 μm, and SCS-14 material without thermal spraying was used for comparison. A glass lining releasability test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 2, and the results are shown in Table 4.

【0022】[0022]

【表4】 表4の結果から、Ni、Cr溶射SCS−14鋳物へ施
工したグラスライニングには剥離現象がなく、大変良好
な結果を示した。
[Table 4] From the results in Table 4, the glass lining applied to the Ni and Cr sprayed SCS-14 castings showed very good results, with no peeling phenomenon.

【0023】[0023]

【発明の効果】本発明のステンレス基材表面に金属また
は合金を溶射処理し、その後のグラスライニングを熱処
理により行うグラスライニングの施工方法は、全グラス
ライニング厚みが600μmから2500μmの範囲内
で、かつ溶射処理層厚みとグラスライニング層厚みの比
率が1:10〜200の範囲内にある構成としたので、
密着性、グラスライニング剥離性共に優れたグラスライ
ニング構造体を提供することができる。
Effects of the Invention The glass lining construction method of the present invention involves thermally spraying a metal or alloy onto the surface of a stainless steel base material, and then heat-treating the glass lining. Since the ratio of the thermal spraying layer thickness to the glass lining layer thickness is within the range of 1:10 to 200,
A glass lining structure with excellent adhesion and glass lining releasability can be provided.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

【図1】エラクセンテストに使用する装置を示す図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an apparatus used for the Eracsen test.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1  グラスライニング試料 2  ネジ式のハンドル 3  40mmφ鋼球 4  30mmφメス型 1 Glass lining sample 2. Screw-type handle 3 40mmφ steel ball 4 30mmφ female type

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】  ステンレス基材表面に金属または合金
を溶射処理し、その後のグラスライニングを熱処理によ
り行うグラスライニングの施工方法であって、全グラス
ライニング厚みが600μmから2500μmの範囲内
で、かつ溶射処理層厚みとグラスライニング層厚みの比
率が1:10〜200の範囲内にあることを特徴とする
グラスライニングの施工方法。
Claim 1: A method for constructing glass lining, in which the surface of a stainless steel base material is thermally sprayed with a metal or alloy, and the subsequent glass lining is heat treated, the total glass lining thickness being within the range of 600 μm to 2500 μm, and the glass lining being thermally sprayed. A method for constructing a glass lining, characterized in that the ratio of the thickness of the treated layer to the thickness of the glass lining layer is within a range of 1:10 to 200.
JP3143405A 1991-06-14 1991-06-14 Construction method of glass lining Expired - Fee Related JP2642536B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3143405A JP2642536B2 (en) 1991-06-14 1991-06-14 Construction method of glass lining

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3143405A JP2642536B2 (en) 1991-06-14 1991-06-14 Construction method of glass lining

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04365884A true JPH04365884A (en) 1992-12-17
JP2642536B2 JP2642536B2 (en) 1997-08-20

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JP3143405A Expired - Fee Related JP2642536B2 (en) 1991-06-14 1991-06-14 Construction method of glass lining

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100815102B1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2008-03-20 이께부꾸로 호로 고교 가부시키가이샤 Glass lining application method
US8681289B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2014-03-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Lighting device and liquid crystal display apparatus comprising the same

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4520626B2 (en) * 2000-11-27 2010-08-11 池袋琺瑯工業株式会社 Glass lining construction method
CN1322169C (en) * 2002-03-07 2007-06-20 池袋珐琅工业株式会社 Enamel construction method

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56112456A (en) * 1980-02-05 1981-09-04 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Surface treatment

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56112456A (en) * 1980-02-05 1981-09-04 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Surface treatment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100815102B1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2008-03-20 이께부꾸로 호로 고교 가부시키가이샤 Glass lining application method
US8681289B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2014-03-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Lighting device and liquid crystal display apparatus comprising the same

Also Published As

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