JPH04103029A - Method for initializing phase change type optical disk - Google Patents
Method for initializing phase change type optical diskInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04103029A JPH04103029A JP21887490A JP21887490A JPH04103029A JP H04103029 A JPH04103029 A JP H04103029A JP 21887490 A JP21887490 A JP 21887490A JP 21887490 A JP21887490 A JP 21887490A JP H04103029 A JPH04103029 A JP H04103029A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- recording
- frequency
- initialization
- tracks
- phase change
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011423 initialization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910005900 GeTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018106 Ni—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium antimonide Chemical compound [Sb]#[In] WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Manufacturing Optical Record Carriers (AREA)
- Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［発明の目的］
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、情報の記録再生て用いられる相変化型光ディ
スクの初期化方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for initializing a phase change optical disc used for recording and reproducing information.
（従来の技術）
近年、大容量メモリーとして光ディスクが注目をあびて
いる。(Prior Art) In recent years, optical disks have been attracting attention as a large capacity memory.
光ディスクは、ＣＤ （コンパクトディスク）に代表さ
れる再生専用タイプと、電子式文書ファイルに代表され
る１回記録可能な書込み専用タイプと、記録、消去が可
能な書替タイプとに大別される。Optical discs are broadly divided into playback-only types represented by CDs (compact discs), write-only types that can be recorded once and represented by electronic document files, and rewritable types that allow recording and erasing. .
また、書替タイプの内、レーザー光の照射により、記録
膜を結晶相と非晶質相とに可逆的に変化させて記録、消
去を行う、いわゆる、相変化型光ディスクが注目をあび
ている。Among the rewritable types, so-called phase-change optical disks, in which recording and erasing are performed by reversibly changing the recording film between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by laser beam irradiation, are attracting attention.
情報の記録再生で用いられる相変化型の光ディスクとし
ては、カルコゲナイド系材料を記録膜に用いた光ディス
クが検討されている。As a phase change type optical disk used for recording and reproducing information, an optical disk using a chalcogenide material for the recording film is being considered.
相変化型光ディスクの従来技術については、「書換え可
能光ディスク材料」 （奥田昌宏著、株式会社工業調査
会発行、１９８９年５月２０日初版発行）に詳しい。相
変化光ディスクは、カルコゲナイド系記録膜の結晶相、
非晶質相の相変化を利用して情報の記録再生を行なう。The conventional technology for phase-change optical disks is detailed in "Rewritable Optical Disk Materials" (written by Masahiro Okuda, published by Kogyo Chosenkai Co., Ltd., first published on May 20, 1989). Phase change optical discs use a crystal phase of a chalcogenide recording film,
Information is recorded and reproduced using phase changes in the amorphous phase.
従来の相変化型光ディスクの動作は次のように行なわれ
ている。A conventional phase change optical disk operates as follows.
１）スパッタ、蒸着などで成膜された記録膜は非晶質で
あるので、加熱アニール処理または光ビ−ム照射などで
、記録膜を結晶相とする。これを初期化または結晶化と
いう。1) Since the recording film formed by sputtering, vapor deposition, etc. is amorphous, the recording film is made into a crystalline phase by heat annealing treatment or light beam irradiation. This is called initialization or crystallization.
２）短パルス、高パワーの記録パルスで結晶の記録膜を
溶融、急冷し非晶質化して記録マークとする。2) A short, high-power recording pulse melts the crystalline recording film, rapidly cools it, and turns it into an amorphous state, forming a recording mark.
３）長パルス、低パワーの消去パルスで非晶質相の記録
マークを結晶化し、記録マークを消去する。3) Crystallize the recording mark in the amorphous phase with a long pulse and low power erasing pulse to erase the recording mark.
また、消去パワーに記録パワーを重畳させて、オーバー
ライドを行なうことも検討されている。Further, it is also being considered to perform override by superimposing recording power on erasing power.
第４図は、従来の初期化方法で初期化した初期化トラッ
クＴの従来例を模式的に示す。成膜のままの記録膜を結
晶化させるレベルの光強度の連続光ビームを記録トラッ
クＴに照射してトラックＴ全面を結晶Ｃとしている。そ
のため記録を行なうと記録マークで大きく反射率が変化
するのでトラックＴの平均反射率も大きく変化する。FIG. 4 schematically shows a conventional example of an initialization track T initialized by a conventional initialization method. The recording track T is irradiated with a continuous light beam having a light intensity at a level that crystallizes the recording film as formed, so that the entire surface of the track T is made into a crystal C. Therefore, when recording is performed, the reflectance changes greatly depending on the recording mark, and the average reflectance of the track T also changes greatly.
（発明か解決しようとする課題）
従来は、前述の相変化型光ディスクの初期化は一定強度
の連続光ビームを集光し記録トラックＴに照射すること
でなされていた。相変化型光ディスクの初期化トラック
Ｔに記録を行なうと相変化に伴う反射率変化が数１０％
と大きいので、記録によって光ビームのトラッキング及
びフォーカシングのためのサーボゲインが大きく変化す
る。そのため記録によってトラッキング及びフォーカシ
ングのサーボ系の動作が不安定となる問題があった。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Conventionally, the above-mentioned phase-change optical disk has been initialized by condensing a continuous light beam of constant intensity and irradiating it onto the recording track T. When recording is performed on the initialization track T of a phase change type optical disc, the reflectance change due to the phase change is several tens of percent.
Therefore, the servo gain for tracking and focusing of the light beam changes greatly depending on recording. Therefore, there is a problem in that the operation of the tracking and focusing servo systems becomes unstable due to recording.
そこで、この発明は、初期化トラックＴに記録を行なっ
ても安定したトラッキング及びフォーカシング動作が得
られる相変化型光ディスクの初期化方法を提供すること
を目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for initializing a phase change optical disc, which allows stable tracking and focusing operations to be obtained even when recording is performed on the initialization track T.
［発明の構成コ
（課題を解決するための手段）
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、光ビームを照射
して照射部分に状態の変化を生じさせることにより情報
を記録する相変化型光ディスクの初期化方法であって、
記録周波数より低い周波数のパルス列の光ビームで初期
化するようにしたものである。[Structure of the Invention (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a phase change type that records information by irradiating a light beam and causing a change in the state of the irradiated part. A method for initializing an optical disc, the method comprising:
Initialization is performed using a pulse train light beam having a frequency lower than the recording frequency.
（作用）
相変化型光ディスクの初期化を記録周波数より低い周波
数のパルス列の光ビームで行なうので、初期化トラック
は結晶化トラックと非晶質マークから形成される。これ
は記録トラックの状態に近い。また、記録周波数より低
い周波数のパルス列で初期化を行なうので結晶化トラッ
クと非晶質マークの割合も記録トラックの場合に近く、
しかも、記録マークの場合とは異なるので初期化トラ・
ツクと記録トラックとの識別が容易である。(Operation) Since the phase change optical disk is initialized with a light beam of a pulse train having a frequency lower than the recording frequency, the initialization track is formed from a crystallized track and an amorphous mark. This is close to the state of recording tracks. In addition, since initialization is performed using a pulse train with a frequency lower than the recording frequency, the ratio of crystallized tracks to amorphous marks is close to that of recording tracks.
Moreover, since it is different from the case of recording marks, the initialization
It is easy to distinguish between tracks and recording tracks.
したがって、この発明による初期化トラックに記録を行
なってもトラックの平均反射率の変化は少ないので安定
したトラッキング及びフォーカシング動作か得られる。Therefore, even when recording is performed on the initialized track according to the present invention, there is little change in the average reflectance of the track, so stable tracking and focusing operations can be obtained.
（実施例）
以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して詳細に説明する
。(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図は、本発明の初期化方法で用いる記録周波数より
低い周波数のパルス列の光ビームＢの実施例を示す。FIG. 1 shows an example of a pulse train light beam B having a frequency lower than the recording frequency used in the initialization method of the present invention.
第１図（ａ）は、オーバーライド波形を初期化に用いる
場合である。成膜のままの非晶質の記録膜を結晶化させ
るレベルＨ３の光強度の光パルスＰａに記録膜を溶融急
冷で非晶質化させるレベルＨ２の光強度の光パルスｐｂ
を重畳させた光ビームＢで初期化を行なう。このオーバ
ーライド初期化パルスのパルス周波数は、記録周波数よ
り低く設定する。FIG. 1(a) shows a case where an override waveform is used for initialization. A light pulse Pa with a light intensity of level H3 that crystallizes the amorphous recording film as formed, and a light pulse pb with a light intensity of level H2 that melts and rapidly cools the recording film to make it amorphous.
Initialization is performed using the light beam B on which the The pulse frequency of this override initialization pulse is set lower than the recording frequency.
第１図（ｂ）は、単一パルス波形を初期化に用いる場合
である。光パルスｐｂの光強度は第１図（ａ）と同様に
記録膜を非晶質化させるレベルＨ２に設定され、そのパ
ルス周波数は記録周波数より低く設定される。FIG. 1(b) shows a case where a single pulse waveform is used for initialization. The light intensity of the light pulse pb is set to a level H2 that makes the recording film amorphous, as in FIG. 1(a), and the pulse frequency is set lower than the recording frequency.
本発明の要件は、第１図（ａ）または第１図（ｂ）のよ
うなパルス列Ｐａ、Ｐｂの光ビームＢを記録トラックＴ
に少なくとも１回以上照射して初期化を行なうことであ
る。したがって、必要に応じてこれらの初期化パルスで
同じ記録トラックＴを複数回照射して初期化してもよい
。The requirements of the present invention are that the light beam B of the pulse train Pa and Pb as shown in FIG. 1(a) or FIG. 1(b) is
Initialization is performed by irradiating at least one time or more. Therefore, if necessary, the same recording track T may be irradiated with these initialization pulses multiple times to initialize it.
また必要に応じて、連続光ビームで記録トラッりＴを結
晶化させてから本発明のパルスの光ビームＢで初期化し
てもよい。Furthermore, if necessary, the recording track T may be crystallized with a continuous light beam and then initialized with the pulsed light beam B of the present invention.
パルス波形についても、第１図（ａ）、（ｂ）に限定さ
れるものではなく記録周波数に対応したパルスであれば
その他の波形を用いてもよい。The pulse waveform is not limited to those shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), and other waveforms may be used as long as they correspond to the recording frequency.
第２図にこの初期化方法で初期化された記録トラックの
実施例を模式的に示す。FIG. 2 schematically shows an embodiment of a recording track initialized by this initialization method.
この実施例では、連続溝（グループ）の記録トラックＴ
に初期化を行なった例を示す。この発明では初期化した
トラックＴは、主として結晶ＣのトラックＴと主として
非晶質のマークＭから構成される。この非晶質のマーク
Ｍの間隔が記録周波数より低い周波数に対応している。In this embodiment, continuous groove (group) recording track T
An example of initialization is shown below. In this invention, the initialized track T is composed of a mainly crystalline track T and a mainly amorphous mark M. The interval between the amorphous marks M corresponds to a frequency lower than the recording frequency.
この初期化トラックＴに記録かなさる。Recording is performed on this initialization track T.
第３図に本発明の適用が可能な相変化型光ディスクの層
構成の１例を模式的に示す。本発明においても従来の相
変化型光ディスクの層構成を用いることかできる。FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of the layer structure of a phase change optical disk to which the present invention can be applied. In the present invention as well, the layer structure of a conventional phase change type optical disk can be used.
第３図では本発明の適用が可能な相変化型光ディスクＤ
か、光デイスク基板１０と、この光デイスク基板１０上
に順次積層された保護層１１、記録層１２、保護層１３
、反射層１４、および保護層１５から構成されている。FIG. 3 shows a phase change optical disk D to which the present invention can be applied.
Or, an optical disk substrate 10, and a protective layer 11, a recording layer 12, and a protective layer 13 that are sequentially laminated on this optical disk substrate 10.
, a reflective layer 14, and a protective layer 15.
この層構成は単板の場合の例であり、記録層１２のある
面を内側にしてこの単板光デイスク２枚を貼り合わせ両
面使用の光ディスクとすることも可能である。This layer structure is an example of a single disk, and it is also possible to make a double-sided optical disk by bonding two single disk optical disks with the surface with the recording layer 12 on the inside.
光デイスク基板１０は、透明で経時変化が少ない材料、
例えばポリメチルメタクリレート（ＰＭＭＡ）のような
アクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、
スチレン樹脂、またはガラス等で形成される。記録フォ
ーマットに応じて連続溝、サンプルサーボマーク、プリ
フォーマットマーク等が形成される。The optical disk substrate 10 is made of a material that is transparent and has little change over time.
For example, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate resins, epoxy resins,
It is made of styrene resin, glass, etc. Continuous grooves, sample servo marks, preformat marks, etc. are formed depending on the recording format.
記録層１２は、光ビームが照射されることにより状態が
変化する材料で形成されている。このような相変化型材
料としては、ＧｅＴｅ系、ＴｅＳｅ系、Ｇｅ５ｂＳｅ系
、ＴｅＯｘ系、Ｉ ｎＳｅ系、Ｇｅ５ｂＴｅ系等のカル
コゲナイド系アモルファス半導体材料やＩｎＳｂ系、Ｇ
ａＳｂ系、Ｉｎ５ｂＴｅ系等の化合物半導体材料などを
用いることかできる。この記録層１２は、真空蒸着法や
スパッタリング法等で形成することができる。この記録
層１２の膜厚としては、実用上数ｎｍ−数μ■の範囲で
あることが好ましい。The recording layer 12 is made of a material whose state changes when irradiated with a light beam. Such phase change materials include chalcogenide-based amorphous semiconductor materials such as GeTe-based, TeSe-based, Ge5bSe-based, TeOx-based, InSe-based, and Ge5bTe-based, InSb-based, and G
Compound semiconductor materials such as aSb-based and In5bTe-based materials can be used. This recording layer 12 can be formed by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like. Practically speaking, the thickness of the recording layer 12 is preferably in the range of several nanometers to several micrometers.
保護層１１．１３は、記録層１２を挾むように配設され
ており、記録ビームの照射により記録層１２か、飛散し
たり、穴がおいてしまうことを防止する役割を有してい
る。また記録のときの記録層の加熱、冷却の熱拡散を制
御する役割もある。The protective layers 11 and 13 are disposed so as to sandwich the recording layer 12, and have the role of preventing the recording layer 12 from being scattered or having holes caused by irradiation with the recording beam. It also has the role of controlling thermal diffusion during heating and cooling of the recording layer during recording.
この保護層１１．１３は、５ｉ０２．５ｉＯ１Ａ、９
Ｎ−ＡＦ ２０３ Ｚ ｒ ０２ Ｔ ｉ ０
２Ｔａ２０３、Ｚｎ５ＳＳ ｉ、またはＧｅ等を真空蒸
着法やスパッタリング法などで形成することができる。This protective layer 11.13 is 5i02.5iO1A,9
N-AF 203 Z r 02 T i 0
2Ta203, Zn5SSi, Ge, or the like can be formed by vacuum evaporation, sputtering, or the like.
保護層１１．１１３の膜厚は実用上数ｎｕｎ〜数μ廊で
あることか好ましい。The thickness of the protective layer 11, 113 is preferably from several nanometers to several micrometers in practical terms.
反射層１４は、記録層の光学的変化を光学的にエンハン
スして再生信号を増大させる効果と記録層の冷却効果か
ある。この反射層１４は、Ａｕ、ＡΩ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ−Ｃ
ｒ合金等の金属膜を真空蒸着法やスパッタリング法など
で形成することができる。反射層の膜厚は、実用上数ｎ
ｍ−数μｌであることが好ましい。The reflective layer 14 has the effect of optically enhancing the optical change in the recording layer to increase the reproduced signal and the effect of cooling the recording layer. This reflective layer 14 is made of Au, AΩ, Cu, Ni-C.
A metal film such as r-alloy can be formed by a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, or the like. The thickness of the reflective layer is practically several n.
It is preferable that it is m-several μl.
保護層１５は、相変化型光ディスクを取り扱う上での、
傷、はこり等を防止するために配設されるものであり、
通常、紫外線硬化樹脂などにより形成される。この保護
層１５は、例えば紫外線硬化樹脂をスピンコード法によ
り反射層１４の表面に塗布し、紫外線を照射して硬化さ
せて形成する。The protective layer 15 protects the phase change optical disc from
It is installed to prevent scratches, lumps, etc.
It is usually made of ultraviolet curing resin or the like. The protective layer 15 is formed, for example, by applying an ultraviolet curable resin onto the surface of the reflective layer 14 by a spin-coding method and curing it by irradiating ultraviolet rays.
この保護層１５の膜厚としては、実用上数μ−〜数百μ
−の範囲であることが好ましい。In practical terms, the thickness of this protective layer 15 is from several microns to several hundred microns.
- is preferably in the range.
しかして、本発明は、相変化型光ディスクＤの初期化を
、記録周波数より低い周波数のパルス列の光ビームＢて
行なうので、初期化トラックＴは結晶化トラックＣと非
晶質マークＭから形成される。これは記録トラックの状
態に近い。また、記録周波数より低い周波数のパルス列
で初期化を行なうので、結晶化トラックＣと非晶質マー
クＭの割合も記録トラックの場合に近く、しかも、記録
マークＭの場合とは異なるので初期化トラックＴと記録
トラックとの識別が容易である。According to the present invention, the phase change optical disk D is initialized using the pulse train light beam B having a frequency lower than the recording frequency, so that the initialization track T is formed from the crystallized track C and the amorphous mark M. Ru. This is close to the state of recording tracks. In addition, since initialization is performed using a pulse train with a frequency lower than the recording frequency, the ratio of the crystallized track C to the amorphous mark M is close to that of the recording track, but is different from that of the recording mark M, so the initialization track It is easy to distinguish between the T and the recording track.
したがって、この発明による初期化トラックＴに記録を
行なってもトラックの平均反射率の変化は少ないので安
定したトラッキング及びフォーカシング動作が得られる
。Therefore, even if recording is performed on the initialized track T according to the present invention, there is little change in the average reflectance of the track, so stable tracking and focusing operations can be obtained.
また、初期化で非晶質マークＭを形成するので、記録膜
の記録特性や欠陥などをチエツクすることも可能である
。Furthermore, since the amorphous mark M is formed during initialization, it is also possible to check the recording characteristics and defects of the recording film.
なお、本発明は上記一実施例には限らず、要旨を変えな
い範囲で種々変形実施可能であることは勿論である。It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without changing the gist.
［発明の効果コ
以上説明したように本発明によれば、従来の相変化型光
ディスクの初期化方法よりも、記録したときのトラッキ
ング及びフォーカシングの動作が安定な初期化方法を提
供することができる。[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an initialization method that provides more stable tracking and focusing operations during recording than conventional initialization methods for phase change optical discs. .
また、初期化で非晶質マークを形成するので、記録膜の
記録特性や欠陥などをチエツクすることも可能である。Furthermore, since amorphous marks are formed during initialization, it is also possible to check the recording characteristics and defects of the recording film.
さらに、記録周波数より低い周波数のパルス列で初期化
を行なうので初期化トラックと記録トラックとの識別が
容易であるといった効果を奏する。Furthermore, since initialization is performed using a pulse train with a frequency lower than the recording frequency, it is possible to easily distinguish between an initialization track and a recording track.
第１図は本発明の初期化方法で用いる記録周波数より低
い周波数のパルス列の光ビームの例を示す図、第２図は
この発明の実施例に係わる相変化型光ディスクの初期化
方法の概略を模式的に示す図、第３図はこの発明の適用
される相変化型光デイスク記録媒体の断面図、第４図は
従来の相変化光ディスクの初期化トラックを模式的に示
す図である。
１０・・・光デイスク基板、１１・・・保護層、１２・
・・記録層、１３・・・保護層、１４・・・保護層、１
５・・保護層、Ｂ・・・光ビーム、Ｄ・・光ディスク。
出願人代理人 弁理士 鈴江武彦
（ａ）
（ｂ）
第１図
第３図
Ｃ泰古晶
第２図
第４図FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a light beam of a pulse train having a frequency lower than the recording frequency used in the initialization method of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a phase change optical disc recording medium to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an initialization track of a conventional phase change optical disc. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Optical disk substrate, 11... Protective layer, 12...
... Recording layer, 13... Protective layer, 14... Protective layer, 1
5...protective layer, B...light beam, D...optical disc. Applicant's agent Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue (a) (b) Figure 1 Figure 3 C Yasushi Kosho Figure 2 Figure 4
Claims (1)
させることにより情報を記録する相変化型光ディスクの
初期化方法であって、 記録周波数より低い周波数のパルス列の光ビームで初期
化することを特徴とする相変化型光ディスクの初期化方
法。(1) A method for initializing a phase-change optical disk in which information is recorded by irradiating a light beam to cause a change in state in the irradiated area, and initialization is performed using a light beam with a pulse train having a frequency lower than the recording frequency. A method for initializing a phase change optical disc, characterized in that:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21887490A JPH04103029A (en) | 1990-08-22 | 1990-08-22 | Method for initializing phase change type optical disk |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21887490A JPH04103029A (en) | 1990-08-22 | 1990-08-22 | Method for initializing phase change type optical disk |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04103029A true JPH04103029A (en) | 1992-04-06 |
Family
ID=16726660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21887490A Pending JPH04103029A (en) | 1990-08-22 | 1990-08-22 | Method for initializing phase change type optical disk |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04103029A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6278674B1 (en) | 1996-12-13 | 2001-08-21 | Nec Corporation | Phase change optical disk initializing apparatus |
| US8123358B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2012-02-28 | Thomson Licensing | Motion picture watermarking technique |
-
1990
- 1990-08-22 JP JP21887490A patent/JPH04103029A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6278674B1 (en) | 1996-12-13 | 2001-08-21 | Nec Corporation | Phase change optical disk initializing apparatus |
| US8123358B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2012-02-28 | Thomson Licensing | Motion picture watermarking technique |
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