JPH0292243A - Production of feed for the young of fishes - Google Patents
Production of feed for the young of fishesInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0292243A JPH0292243A JP63239833A JP23983388A JPH0292243A JP H0292243 A JPH0292243 A JP H0292243A JP 63239833 A JP63239833 A JP 63239833A JP 23983388 A JP23983388 A JP 23983388A JP H0292243 A JPH0292243 A JP H0292243A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- chitosan
- fish
- young
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013360 fish flour Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001282110 Pagrus major Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003359 percent control normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001519451 Abramis brama Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238578 Daphnia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000239366 Euphausiacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000036208 Mysis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000133262 Nauplius Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010058846 Ovalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000861914 Plecoglossus altivelis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001504592 Trachurus trachurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000850 deacetylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011802 pulverized particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940083466 soybean lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は稚仔魚用飼料の製造方法に関するものである。[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a method for producing feed for young and larval fish.
稚仔魚用飼料は当初はワムシとかミジンコ等の生物飼料
が使われていたが、これらの生物飼料は飼育に手間がか
かるうえ広い飼育場所を必要とした。さらに、生物飼料
は自然条件が成長に大きく影響するので常に必要量の生
物飼料を確保することが容易でなかった。このため、手
間がかからず保存が効き供給が安定している人工飼料が
稚仔魚用にも使用されるようになってきている。Initially, biological feeds such as rotifers and daphnia were used as feed for young fish, but these biological feeds were time-consuming to raise and required a large breeding area. Furthermore, since the growth of biological feed is greatly influenced by natural conditions, it has not been easy to always secure the required amount of biological feed. For this reason, artificial feeds that are easy to preserve, easy to preserve, and have a stable supply have come to be used for young fish as well.
従来の稚仔魚用人工飼料は稚仔魚に必要な栄養素や誘引
物質等を混合した後に粉砕し、篩分して稚仔魚が取り込
むのに都合のよい微粒状のものを得ていた。Conventional artificial feed for young fish mixes nutrients, attractants, etc. necessary for young fish, then pulverizes and sieves to obtain fine particles that are convenient for intake by young fish.
〔発明が解決しようとする課題］
しかし、この方法においては、微粒状であるために、栄
養素が過度に水中に溶出するために飼料を稚仔魚が摂取
しても太き（育たなかったり、微粒子が水中に分散した
状態なので摂取率自体が低いなどの問題があった。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in this method, since the feed is in the form of fine particles, the nutrients are excessively eluted into the water, so even if the young fish ingest the feed, they may become thick (not grow or grow fine). There were problems such as a low intake rate because the water was dispersed in the water.
さらに、接一種率が低い結果、飼料が水中に残留し、腐
敗などによって水質汚染の問題が引き起こされるという
欠点もあった。Furthermore, as a result of the low inoculation rate, feed remains in the water, causing water pollution problems due to rotting and other problems.
〔課題を解決するための手段］
本発明者らはこれらの問題点を解決して、稚仔魚が効率
良く摂取する飼料を開発するべく鋭意検討の結果、飼料
粉末をキトサンで凝集さセることによって目的の飼料が
得られることを見出し本発明を完成するに至った。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors solved these problems and, as a result of intensive studies to develop a feed that is efficiently ingested by young fish, found that feed powder was aggregated with chitosan. The present inventors discovered that the desired feed could be obtained by this method and completed the present invention.
この発明の対象となる飼料粉末の種類は公知の稚仔魚用
飼料と同様でよく、稚仔魚の種類等に従って設定される
。配合成分としては例えば、魚粉、小麦グルテン、カゼ
イン、さなぎ粉、工船ミール、デンプン、デキストリン
、魚肝油、魚油、魚貝類のエキス、酵母エキス、アミノ
酸、ビタミン、ミネラル消化酵素、医薬品等が利用され
る。The type of feed powder that is the subject of this invention may be the same as known feed for young fish, and is set according to the type of young fish, etc. Ingredients used include, for example, fish meal, wheat gluten, casein, pupa powder, factory ship meal, starch, dextrin, fish liver oil, fish oil, fish and shellfish extract, yeast extract, amino acids, vitamins, mineral digestive enzymes, and pharmaceuticals. .
これらのうち、水に易溶性の成分、例えばアミノ酸、水
溶性ビタミン等は油脂あるいは油脂含有量の多い成分と
ともに混合し、あるいは粉砕してその表面が油脂で覆わ
れるようにしておくことが好ましい。Among these, components that are easily soluble in water, such as amino acids and water-soluble vitamins, are preferably mixed with oil or fat-rich components, or ground so that the surface thereof is covered with oil.
必要成分を配合した飼料粉末は十分に混合する。Thoroughly mix the feed powder containing the necessary ingredients.
混合手段は特に問わず、公知の混合撹拌器を用いればよ
い。The mixing means is not particularly limited, and a known mixer may be used.
こうして混合された飼料粉末は粉砕する。粉砕はハンマ
ーミル、ボールミル、ロッドミル、エツジランナー、振
動ミル、ターボミル、コロイドミル、マトマイザー、摩
擦円板ミル等の公知の粉砕機を利用して行えばよい。粉
砕の程度は対象とする稚仔魚の種類や大きさに応じて決
定するが、この発明では従来のものよりさらに細かく、
１〜１００−が好適である。The feed powder thus mixed is ground. The pulverization may be carried out using a known pulverizer such as a hammer mill, ball mill, rod mill, edge runner, vibration mill, turbo mill, colloid mill, matomizer, or friction disc mill. The degree of crushing is determined depending on the type and size of the target fry, but in this invention, it is finer than the conventional method.
1 to 100- is suitable.
この発明においては、飼料の粉砕粒度は、粉砕したもの
をそのまま水中に投入して給飼するのではなく、キトサ
ンで凝集せしめるため、一般に給餌されている飼料粉末
よりもさらに飼料を微細化したものにすることができる
。In this invention, the pulverized particle size of the feed is not just put into water and fed, but is agglomerated with chitosan, so the feed is finer than the feed powder that is generally fed. It can be done.
なお、上記では飼料成分を混合したのち、ただちに粉砕
する方法を述べたが、全部あるいは一部の飼料成分を混
合して粘結させたものを粉砕して利用してもよい。粘結
には水分あるいは油脂等を加えて練った後乾燥させれば
よい。その際必要によりカラギーナン、グアーガム等の
粘結剤を加えることができる。In addition, although the method of mixing the feed components and immediately pulverizing them has been described above, it is also possible to mix all or some of the feed components and caking the mixture and then pulverize it. For caking, water, oil, etc. may be added, kneaded, and then dried. At this time, a binder such as carrageenan or guar gum may be added if necessary.
こうして得られた飼料粉末を次いでキトサンを用いて凝
集処理する。The feed powder thus obtained is then agglomerated using chitosan.
キトサンはエビ、カニなどの甲殻類等に含まれているキ
チンを脱アセチル化して得られるものであり、天然物由
来の物質である。キトサンの脱アセチル化度は、酸性水
溶液に溶解し得るものであればよく、具体的には５０〜
１００％の範囲内であればよく、好ましくは８０〜１０
０％の範囲内である。Chitosan is obtained by deacetylating chitin contained in crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, and is a naturally derived substance. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan may be as long as it can be dissolved in an acidic aqueous solution, and specifically, the degree of deacetylation is 50 to 50.
It may be within the range of 100%, preferably 80 to 10
It is within the range of 0%.
キトサンの分子量は、必要とされる飼料の粒径によって
決まり、固有粘度（３０°Ｃ１０，２Ｍｆ！ＰＨ−０．
１Ｍ酢酸ナトリウム水溶液）０．５〜３０（社／ｇ−Ｎ
ＥＴ）で示される範囲であればよい。The molecular weight of chitosan is determined by the particle size of the feed required, and the intrinsic viscosity (30°C10.2Mf!PH-0.
1M sodium acetate aqueous solution) 0.5-30 (company/g-N
It may be within the range shown by ET).
キトサンの添加方法は、キトサンの酸性溶液、キトサン
酸性塩の粉末、あるいはキトサン粉末と酸、あるいは酸
性塩を別々に加えてもよい。キトサンの溶解に用いる酸
は、塩酸、乳酸等の無機酸、有機酸のいずれでもかまわ
ない。As for the method of adding chitosan, an acidic solution of chitosan, a powder of an acid salt of chitosan, or a powder of chitosan and an acid or an acid salt may be added separately. The acid used to dissolve chitosan may be either an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or lactic acid, or an organic acid.
飼料粉末とキトサンの添加順序は問うところではな（い
ずれが先であってもよい。There is no question as to the order in which feed powder and chitosan are added (either one may come first).
キトサンの使用量は凝集させる飼料粉末に対する重量比
で０．１〜５％程度が適当である。また懸濁液濃度は一
般的に０．５〜１００ｇ／ １２程度とする。The appropriate amount of chitosan to be used is about 0.1 to 5% by weight of the feed powder to be aggregated. Further, the suspension concentration is generally about 0.5 to 100 g/12.
具体的な添加方法の一例を述べると、先ず容器に水を入
れ、飼料粉末を加えて撹拌により懸濁させる。次に、こ
の中にキトサン溶液をｉａ量加え、さらに撹拌すればよ
い。このとき、懸濁液のｐＨ及び温度は特に操作する必
要はなく、中性付近かつ常温下で行なえばよい。To describe a specific example of the addition method, first, water is placed in a container, feed powder is added, and the feed powder is suspended by stirring. Next, an ia amount of chitosan solution may be added to this and further stirred. At this time, it is not necessary to particularly control the pH and temperature of the suspension, and it is sufficient to carry out the suspension at around neutral temperature and at room temperature.
撹拌の方法は特に限定するものでなく、棒状のものを使
って手回しに撹拌してもよいし、のぞましくは撹拌機を
用いてもよい。撹拌は１〜５分間程度行なえばよい。撹
拌中に凝集は起こる。The stirring method is not particularly limited, and may be manually stirred using a rod-shaped object, or preferably, a stirrer may be used. Stirring may be performed for about 1 to 5 minutes. Agglomeration occurs during stirring.
凝集後の飼料の粒径は特に限定されるものでなく稚仔魚
が摂取し易い大きさであればよい。魚種によって異なる
が一般に３０００ ｔｒｍ以下、２０〜３０００ ｔｓ
程度である。稚仔魚が摂取し易い粒径とは稚仔魚の口径
に合った大きさを意味するが本凝集飼料の場合、凝集に
よって粉末飼料が集合している状態であり、その結合力
は弱いので必ずしも稚仔魚の口径より小さい必要はない
。The particle size of the agglomerated feed is not particularly limited as long as it is easily ingested by young fish. It varies depending on the fish species, but generally 3000 trm or less, 20-3000 ts
That's about it. A particle size that is easy for young fish to ingest means a size that matches the diameter of the young fish, but in the case of this agglomerated feed, the powdered feed is aggregated by aggregation, and the binding force is weak, so it is not necessarily a size that matches the diameter of the young fish. It does not need to be smaller than the caliber of the larval fish.
撹拌後は懸濁液のままイケスに投入して稚仔魚に与えれ
ばよい。After stirring, the suspension can be poured into a container and fed to young fish.
キトサンの凝集によって得られる飼料の粒径は、キトサ
ンの分子量（固有粘度）に比例する傾向がある。The particle size of feed obtained by agglomerating chitosan tends to be proportional to the molecular weight (intrinsic viscosity) of chitosan.
従って、この発明ではキトサンの分子量を適宜選択する
ことによって、飼料の粒径を制御することができる。Therefore, in this invention, the particle size of the feed can be controlled by appropriately selecting the molecular weight of chitosan.
但し、あまりにも高分子量のキトサンを用いた場合には
適性な添加率の範囲がせまく、具体的には添加量が不足
すると十分な凝集が起こらず、逆に過剰になると粒径は
かえって小さくなる。However, if chitosan with too high a molecular weight is used, the range of the appropriate addition rate will be narrow; specifically, if the amount added is insufficient, sufficient aggregation will not occur, and conversely, if it is added in excess, the particle size will become smaller. .
一方、小分子量のキトサンでは、添加量を多くしても、
必要とする粒径まで大きくすることができない。On the other hand, with small molecular weight chitosan, even if the amount added is large,
It is not possible to increase the particle size to the required size.
従って、キトサンの分子量は上述した範囲の固有粘度を
示すものを用いることが制御上好ましい。Therefore, for control purposes, it is preferable to use chitosan having an intrinsic viscosity within the above-mentioned range.
なお、キトサンによる飼料の凝集方法は上述の例に限ら
れず、上述とは逆に飼料粉末中にキトサン酸性溶液を加
えてもよく、さらに養魚槽の大きさなどによっては、養
魚槽内で直接飼料粉末とキトサン溶液を加えて凝集させ
てもよい。The method of aggregating feed with chitosan is not limited to the above example; contrary to the above, an acidic chitosan solution may be added to the feed powder, and depending on the size of the fish tank, feed may be added directly into the fish tank. The powder and chitosan solution may be added to aggregate.
本発明の方法で得られた飼料は任意の魚種に適用できる
。例えば淡水魚では金魚、コイ、アユ等、海水魚ではマ
ダイ、イシダイ、シマアジ、フグ、ヒラメ等が挙げられ
る。また、クルマエビ等の甲殻類にも適用できる。The feed obtained by the method of the present invention can be applied to any species of fish. For example, freshwater fish include goldfish, carp, and sweetfish, and saltwater fish include red sea bream, rock bream, striped horse mackerel, puffer fish, and flounder. It can also be applied to crustaceans such as prawns.
キトサンは溶液に溶けると正の電荷を持ち、この正の電
荷が負に荷電した懸濁飼料を中和して凝集させ、水中に
フロック状に懸濁する。Chitosan has a positive charge when dissolved in a solution, and this positive charge neutralizes and flocculates the negatively charged suspended feed, causing it to be suspended in water in the form of flocs.
この懸濁飼料は凝集によって柔らかく集合している状態
であり、特に稚仔魚にとって摂取効率が良く、また微粉
末なので液化吸収も良くなる。This suspended feed is in a soft, aggregated state due to aggregation, and is particularly efficient for young fish to ingest, and since it is a fine powder, it is also liquefied and absorbed well.
〔実施例］
実施例１
魚粉６４．７部、吸着飼料１．７部、カゼインＮａ２，
３部、ビール酵母３．４部、小麦グルテン５．７部、フ
ィードオイル３．４部、デンプン１１．４部、塩化コリ
ン０．６部、ビタミンプレミックス２．３部、ミネラル
３．４部、アミノ酸プレミックス１．１部をハンマー型
高速度粉砕機で粉砕し、篩分けによって粒径５０／／ｌ
Ｙ１以下の粉末飼料を得た。[Example] Example 1 64.7 parts of fishmeal, 1.7 parts of adsorbent feed, casein Na2,
3 parts, brewer's yeast 3.4 parts, wheat gluten 5.7 parts, feed oil 3.4 parts, starch 11.4 parts, choline chloride 0.6 parts, vitamin premix 2.3 parts, minerals 3.4 parts , 1.1 parts of the amino acid premix was ground with a hammer-type high-speed grinder and sieved to a particle size of 50//l.
Powdered feed of Y1 and below was obtained.
該粉末飼料ｌｏｇを水１２に懸濁させ、これに０．５％
キトサン塩酸水溶液８ｄ（キトサン重量０．０４ ｇ）
を添加した。撹拌機を用いて１５０．ｒ、ｐ、ｍで３分
撹拌し、粉末飼料を凝集させた。このとき用いたキトサ
ンの固有粘度（３０°Ｃ１０，２Ｍ、酢酸−０，１Ｍ酢
酸ナトリウム）は１８．７．３．２．１．５（ｄ１／ｇ
−ＮＩＥＴ）の３種類であり、凝集した飼料の粒径はそ
れぞれ、５００〜７００Ｉ！ｍ、３００〜４００μｓ、
１００〜２００−であった。The powder feed log was suspended in water 12, and 0.5%
Chitosan hydrochloric acid aqueous solution 8 d (chitosan weight 0.04 g)
was added. 150. using a stirrer. The powdered feed was agglomerated by stirring at r, p, m for 3 minutes. The intrinsic viscosity of the chitosan used at this time (30°C 10.2M, acetic acid-0.1M sodium acetate) was 18.7.3.2.1.5 (d1/g
-NIET), and the particle size of the aggregated feed is 500 to 700 I! m, 300-400μs,
It was 100-200-.
実施例２
イカミール、鶏卵粉、工船ミール、カゼイン、アサリエ
キス、アミノ酸プレミックス、デキストリン、タラ肝油
、大豆レシチン、ミネラルプレミックス、ビタミンプレ
ミックス及び消化酵素を実施例１と同様に混合粉砕し、
固有粘度が０．５〜３０（ｄｉ／ｇ −ＮＥＴ）のキト
サンで凝集させて粒径５０〜３００−の凝集飼料を得た
。Example 2 Squid meal, egg powder, factory ship meal, casein, clam extract, amino acid premix, dextrin, cod liver oil, soybean lecithin, mineral premix, vitamin premix and digestive enzyme were mixed and ground in the same manner as in Example 1,
The feed was flocculated with chitosan having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.5-30 (di/g-NET) to obtain agglomerated feed with a particle size of 50-300.
この凝集飼料は実施例１と同様にキトサンの固有粘度の
異なるものを用いて、各種の粒度のものを作り、稚仔魚
の発育段階に応じて給餌した。As in Example 1, this aggregated feed was prepared with various particle sizes using chitosan having different intrinsic viscosities, and fed to the young fish according to their developmental stage.
凝集飼料の分析値は粗蛋白５０．３、粗脂肪２３．８、
粗灰分４．７、粗繊維０．６、カルシウム１．２、リン
１．３、水分６．２であった。The analytical values of the aggregated feed were: crude protein 50.3, crude fat 23.8,
The crude ash content was 4.7, the crude fiber was 0.6, the calcium was 1.2, the phosphorus was 1.3, and the moisture was 6.2.
この飼料を用いてマダイ稚仔魚の育成試験を行った。４
化後１５日令までを生物飼料で飼育した１５０尾のマダ
イ稚仔魚を７区５０尾の３区に分けた。A test for raising young red sea bream using this feed was conducted. 4
The 150 young red sea bream raised on biological feed until 15 days after hatching were divided into 3 groups of 7 groups and 50 fish each.
育成試験開始時の平均体長は６．５鵬であった。試験区
には上記凝集飼料を用い、対照１区には配合内容が同一
でカラギーナンをバインダーとして２％使用した飼料を
そして対照２区には生物飼料（シオミズツボワムシ）を
給与した。試験はｍｍに行なわれている試験方法に準じ
て行ない、２５日間飼育を続けた。The average body length at the start of the breeding test was 6.5 centimeters. The above-mentioned agglomerated feed was used for the test group, the control group 1 was fed a feed with the same content but containing 2% carrageenan as a binder, and the control group 2 was fed a biological feed (Shiomid rotifer). The test was carried out according to the test method used in MM, and the breeding was continued for 25 days.
飼育成績を下記に示す。The breeding results are shown below.
平均体長
生残率 試験区
（４０日令）対照１区
対照２区
７０．２％
６８．５％
７５．３％
この結果から、本発明の実施例である試験区の稚仔魚の
平均体長、生残率共に対照区に比べ良い結果が得られた
。Average body length survival rate Test plot (40 days old) Control 1 control Control 2 plot 70.2% 68.5% 75.3% From these results, the average body length of the fry in the test plot, which is an example of the present invention, Both survival rates were better than the control plot.
実施例３
ブラウンフィツシュミール、卵アルブミン、イカエキス
、スキムミルク、オキアミエキス、アミノ酸プレミック
ス、酵母エキス、グルテンミール、タラ肝油、コレステ
ロール、大豆レシチン、ミネラルプレミックス、及びビ
タミンプレミックスを実施例１と同様に混合、粉砕し、
キトサンで凝集させて粒径５０〜３５０ｍの凝集飼料を
得た。キトサンには固有粘度０．５〜３０（ａ／ｇ −
ＮＥＴ）のものを用いた。混合粉砕飼料の分析値は粗蛋
白５５．３％、粗脂肪９．４％、粗灰分８．７％、粗繊
維０．７％、水分６．８％であった。Example 3 Brown fish meal, egg albumin, squid extract, skim milk, krill extract, amino acid premix, yeast extract, gluten meal, cod liver oil, cholesterol, soy lecithin, mineral premix, and vitamin premix as in Example 1. mixed, crushed,
Agglomerated feed with a particle size of 50 to 350 m was obtained by flocculating with chitosan. Chitosan has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.5 to 30 (a/g −
NET) was used. The analytical values of the mixed pulverized feed were 55.3% crude protein, 9.4% crude fat, 8.7% crude ash, 0.7% crude fiber, and 6.8% moisture.
この飼料を用いてクルマエビの育成試験を行なった。ク
ルマエビはノープリウスからシェア、ミシス（Ｍ）、ポ
スドラ−バー（Ｐ）という段階を経て種菌に供される。Using this feed, we conducted a growth test for prawns. Prawns go through the stages of nauplius, share, mysis (M), and post-driver (P) before being used as inoculum.
シェア及びミンス（Ｍ、、Ｍ２、Ｍ２）には各々３期が
あり、ポスドラ−バー（Ｐ、、Ｐ２、・・・）も数刻が
ある。育成試験はＭ ３ （体長２．８〜４．０ｍｍ）
からＰｓ（体長３０ｎｕｓ前後）に達する期間行った。Share and mince (M, , M2, M2) each have three periods, and post-drivers (P,, P2, . . .) also have several periods. The breeding test is M3 (body length 2.8-4.0mm)
The experiment was carried out for a period of time from 2000 to Ps (body length around 30 nus).
Ｍ１期のクルマエビをやはり試験区、対照１区、対照２
区の３区に分けた。試験区には上記の凝集飼料を用い、
対Ｗｉ１区には配合内容が同一でカラギーナンをバイン
ダーとして３％使用した飼料をそして対照２区には実施
例２と同じ生物飼料を給与した。M1 stage prawns were also placed in the test area, control area 1, and control area 2.
It was divided into three wards. The above agglomerated feed was used in the test area,
The control group 1 was fed a feed containing the same formulation and 3% carrageenan as a binder, and the control group 2 was fed the same biological feed as in Example 2.
飼育成績を次に示す。The breeding results are shown below.
育成所要日数
生残率
試験区 ７７％
対照１区 ７４％
対照２区 ７８％
〔発明の効果］
本発明の方法は熟練度を要することなく簡単に実施でき
る。Number of days required for growth Survival rate test plot: 77% Control plot: 1 74% Control plot: 2 78% [Effects of the Invention] The method of the present invention can be easily carried out without requiring any skill.
本発明の方法によって得られる飼料は凝集によって柔ら
かな状態で集合状態となっているため、特に稚仔魚用飼
料として好適であり、摂取効率や液化吸収性がよい。Since the feed obtained by the method of the present invention is in a soft and aggregated state due to aggregation, it is particularly suitable as feed for young fish, and has good intake efficiency and liquefaction absorption.
摂取効率が良いので水中に残留する量が減り、その分、
水質汚染は軽減される。Since the intake efficiency is good, the amount remaining in the water is reduced, and accordingly,
Water pollution will be reduced.
また、本発明の製造方法によれば、用いるキトサンの固
有粘度を変えるだけで、対象となる稚仔魚の種類や大き
さに応じた粒径の飼料フロックを得ることができる。さ
らにキトサンは天然由来のものであって安全性が高いな
ど、優れた効果を発揮する。Furthermore, according to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain feed flocs with a particle size that corresponds to the type and size of target fry simply by changing the intrinsic viscosity of the chitosan used. Furthermore, chitosan is naturally derived, is highly safe, and exhibits excellent effects.
手続補正書（自発）
昭和６３年１０月１３０
特許庁長官 古 １）文 毅 殴
１１を件の表示
１６和６３年９月２７日提出の特許出願２ 発明の名称
稚仔魚用飼料の製造方法
３ 補正をする者
事件との関係 特許出願人
名 称 伊藤忠飼料株式会社名
称 栗田工業株式会社４代理人
居所 〒１０４東京都中央区八丁堀三丁目２１番３
−６０７号特許出願人 伊藤忠飼料株式会社
同 栗田工業株式会社
代 理 人 弁理士 日中 政情 はか１名補正の対
象
願書の発明の名称の欄及び明細書の発明の詳細な説明の
欄
補正の内容
（１）明細書の記載を下記の通りに補正する。Procedural amendment (spontaneous) October 130, 1988 Director General of the Patent Office Furu 1) Takeshi Moon Indication of 11 16 Patent application filed on September 27, 1981 2 Name of invention Method for producing feed for young fish 3 Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Name of patent applicant Name of Itochu Feed Co., Ltd.
Name: Kurita Industries Co., Ltd. 4 Agent Address: 3-21-3 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104
- Patent No. 607 Applicant Itochu Feed Co., Ltd. Kurita Industries Co., Ltd. Representative Patent attorney Japan-China Political situation Only one person can amend the title of the invention in the application and the detailed description of the invention in the specification. Contents (1) The description in the specification is amended as follows.
第２真１０行目
第８頁７行目
１７行目
第１１頁１９行目
第１３Ｒ７行目
「接種」
「液化」
「該粉末」
ｒ種菌Ｊ
「液化」
「摂取」
「消化」
「微粉末」
「種苗Ｊ
「消化」
（２）願書の発明の名称の振仮名を別紙として添付した
訂正願書の通りに補正する。2nd true line 10, page 8, line 7, line 17, page 11, line 19, line 13R, 7th line ``Inoculation''``Liquefy'' ``The powder'' r Inoculum J ``Liquify''``Ingestion''``Digestion'' ``Fine powder ” Seeds and Seeds J “Digestion” (2) Amend the name of the invention in the application as per the amendment application attached as a separate sheet.
以上that's all
Claims (1)
仔魚用飼料の製造方法A method for producing feed for young fish, characterized by agglomerating feed powder with chitosan.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63239833A JPH0292243A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Production of feed for the young of fishes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63239833A JPH0292243A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Production of feed for the young of fishes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0292243A true JPH0292243A (en) | 1990-04-03 |
Family
ID=17050536
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63239833A Pending JPH0292243A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Production of feed for the young of fishes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0292243A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5652571A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1997-07-29 | Nec Corporation | Radio paging receiver for announcing an unconfirmed message full state of a message memory |
| WO2000049888A1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2000-08-31 | Seagrain As | Process for the production of a nutritional composition |
| KR20010016738A (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-03-05 | 조재정 | Method for manufacturing an addition to fodder for fish |
| CN1317970C (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2007-05-30 | 李效时<Del/> | Feed containing chitin additive and binder and its preparation method and application |
| US20130190227A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2013-07-25 | Synedgen, Inc. | Chitosan derivatives to treat animals or optimize animal health |
| JP2019097432A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-24 | 国立研究開発法人水産研究・教育機構 | Seedling production method for marine fishes in which particles containing marine heterotrophic algae are fed |
| WO2020059429A1 (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社新日本科学 | Flocculated feed for fish |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5348190A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1978-05-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Servo control system |
| JPS60199353A (en) * | 1984-03-22 | 1985-10-08 | Kiyoshi Kumabe | Feed for fry |
| JPS6131045A (en) * | 1984-07-24 | 1986-02-13 | Kiyoshi Kumabe | Method of administering drug to cultivated fish |
-
1988
- 1988-09-27 JP JP63239833A patent/JPH0292243A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5348190A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1978-05-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Servo control system |
| JPS60199353A (en) * | 1984-03-22 | 1985-10-08 | Kiyoshi Kumabe | Feed for fry |
| JPS6131045A (en) * | 1984-07-24 | 1986-02-13 | Kiyoshi Kumabe | Method of administering drug to cultivated fish |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5652571A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1997-07-29 | Nec Corporation | Radio paging receiver for announcing an unconfirmed message full state of a message memory |
| WO2000049888A1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2000-08-31 | Seagrain As | Process for the production of a nutritional composition |
| KR20010016738A (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-03-05 | 조재정 | Method for manufacturing an addition to fodder for fish |
| CN1317970C (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2007-05-30 | 李效时<Del/> | Feed containing chitin additive and binder and its preparation method and application |
| US20130190227A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2013-07-25 | Synedgen, Inc. | Chitosan derivatives to treat animals or optimize animal health |
| US9234050B2 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2016-01-12 | Synedgen, Inc. | Chitosan derivatives to treat animals or optimize animal health |
| JP2019097432A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-24 | 国立研究開発法人水産研究・教育機構 | Seedling production method for marine fishes in which particles containing marine heterotrophic algae are fed |
| WO2020059429A1 (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社新日本科学 | Flocculated feed for fish |
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