JPH01263955A - Optical recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To identify a defective area before shipment from the one after the delivery to a user by providing a first defective area table in which contents cannot be altered or updated and a second defective area table whose contents can be updated in a device to write into recording medium and to reproduce it. CONSTITUTION:In the device to write into the optical recording medium and to reproduce it, first defective area tables IL1 to ILi whose contents cannot be altered or updated and second defective area tables UL1 to ULi are recorded on the optical recording medium. The first defective area tables IL1 to ILi are treated as a fixed quantity with for the recording medium, and the second defective area tables UL1 to ULi is treated as a variable quantity to change according to use. Further, the two types of detective area tables IL1 to ILi and UL1 to ULi are separately recorded so as to be identified, and a defective list is controlled. Thus, the defective area before the shipment can be identified from the defective area generated after the delivery to the user.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an optical recording and reproducing device, and in particular, it records and reproduces information by irradiating a minute laser beam onto an optical recording medium having a means for guiding the irradiated light. This invention relates to an optical recording medium used in the device.

2. Description of the Related Art In order to record and reproduce information at high density on conventional write-once or rewritable optical discs, a guide means (for guiding an irradiated light spot near the recording thin film of the disc) is used.
track) will be provided.

As specific examples of the guide means, a method of providing continuous grooves in a spiral or concentric pattern, and a method of disposing servo blocks intermittently have been proposed.

The surface of the optical disc having the above guide means is formatted with pre-pits or recording marks along the guide means and divided into tracks or sectors.

The information to be recorded is recorded and reproduced in units of trunks or sectors. - Force-point recording has the advantage of being able to perform high-density recording, but has the disadvantage of being susceptible to defects, scratches, and dust on the medium. Therefore, some of the tracks and sectors mentioned above contain defects and cannot be used. If the optical storage device mistakenly judges this bad track or bad sector to be a good sector and records information on it, the information will be lost. In order to prevent this, a method has also been proposed in which alternative sectors are provided on the disk surface.

For example, the above-mentioned bad sectors can be divided into those that occur during the manufacturing process of the disk, and those that occur due to scratches, dust, or usage problems that adhere to the disk while the disk is being used after the disk is handed over to the user. It will be done. The former must be kept below a certain level at the manufacturer's shipping stage. The latter needs to be dealt with as deterioration in the field.The problem is how to manage defective areas such as defective trunks and sectors for media such as optical disks, which have a large capacity and a very large number of sectors.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention As mentioned above, in optical recording media, there are defective areas (defective trunks, bad sectors) that occur during the manufacturing stage and exist at the shipping stage from the manufacturer, and defective areas that occur after being delivered to the user. do.

For defective areas that occur during the manufacturing process, the defective sectors can be detected during the shipping process and alternative sectors can be created as a list on the disk. Furthermore, the contents of this list can be used as an indication of the quality level at the time of shipment from the manufacturer.

On the other hand, defective areas that occur after the disc is delivered to the user include scratches on the disc, dust, and usage problems (deletion of information, double writing, repeated use, etc.). This bad sector can be detected by an optical disk drive and a list of bad sectors and replacement sectors can be created on the disk. It is preferable that the contents of this list be handled as an increase in the number of defective sectors depending on how the PS is used, and can be handled separately from the manufacturer's shipping quality level.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical recording medium that has a defective area table (list) that allows identification of defective areas that have occurred before shipment and defective areas that have occurred after being delivered to a user.

Means for Solving the Problem As a method of avoiding defective areas on an optical recording medium, a defective area is recorded in a part of the recording area of the recording medium, and the recording/reproducing device first reads and stores the defective area. By setting the defective area, data can be recorded and reproduced while avoiding the defective area. This prevents data from being recorded in a defective area and lost.

In the present invention, a defective area that an optical recording medium has before shipment (hereinafter referred to as a first defective area) and a defective area that increases as the optical recording medium is used after shipment (hereinafter referred to as a second defective area) is recorded on the optical recording medium, a device that reads the optical recording medium must be equipped with a means to identify whether each defective area existed before shipment or occurred after shipment. Exists.

In effect-g, the first defective area can be treated as a fixed amount for one recording medium. On the other hand, it is necessary to treat the second defective area as a variable amount that increases with use, and it is convenient to record the above two types of defective areas separately so that they can be identified in order to manage the defective list. be. Furthermore, it becomes possible to identify whether the quality deterioration of the optical recording medium occurred before shipment or after shipment.

Embodiment FIG. 2(a) shows an example of a plan view of an optical disc for recording and reproducing digital data. A known spiral or concentric guide means is provided on the disk, and each guide means has a plurality of sectors (S,) for each track (TR,).
Data is recorded and reproduced in small capacity units.

In the figure, G is a guide area where a guide means exists on the disk;
U is a user area Wl in which data is recorded and reproduced by a normal disk drive used by the user.

W2 is a preliminary guide area on the outer circumference and inner circumference, respectively;
Normal disk drives do not record data, and this area is set inside and outside the user area so that when the head overruns outside the user area during seek, it reads the address signal output from the spare area and uses this as a reference to return to the target track. It will be done.

Figure 2 [ex.] shows the configuration of one sector. It consists of an ID section in which a signal for logically identifying a sector is recorded and a user data section in which user data is recorded.

The ID section generally contains the track number (
TR, ) or address (usually 2 bytes) and the number (S, ) or sector address of the sector in that track (usually 1 byte) are recorded. Moreover, in order to improve the reliability of reading data in the ID section, the above-mentioned track address and sector address are repeatedly recorded two or three times.

In an optical recording disk, many such sectors exist on one side of the disk. The bag varies depending on the disk diameter and user data length per sector, but
There are 00,000 of them. In FIG. 2(b), for example, a sector in which there is a large defect in the ID part and the ID part cannot be read is treated as a defective sector. In addition, there are sectors in which user data cannot be recorded accurately, bad sectors in which user data cannot be accurately reproduced, and the like. The number of these bad sectors increases as the disk is used. Therefore, there are some bad sectors that already exist at the disk manufacturing stage and some that are generated during actual use in the field.

These bad sectors need to be recorded on the disk as management information for the usable user area of the disk so that they do not affect subsequent data input/output. FIG. 3 shows a planar transformation of the area on the disk shown in FIG. 2, and the same symbols and numbers are given to the same parts as in the second time when each track was given a physical track number.

The track numbers TR, -TR,, indicate the spare guide area (Wl) on the outer periphery, the trunk numbers TRn~TR,..., the user data area (U), and the rack numbers TR,...
TRe each indicates a preliminary guide area on the inner circumference.

The disk drive used by the user has track number TR
, -TRII, , are regarded as logically valid addresses and data is recorded.

FIG. 4 shows the boundary between the preliminary guide area W1 and the user area U on the outer periphery in more detail. Trunk number T
R, , , , ,TR, belongs to the preliminary guidance area,
TR,,TR,1,, belongs to the user area.

S,,S2. ...Sl indicates the sector number belonging to each trunk. Each sector has a structure illustrated in FIG. 2(b), and data of a predetermined length (eg, 512 bytes, 1024 bytes, etc.) is recorded and reproduced in the user data section.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.

Components that are the same as those in Figures 2, 3, and 4 are given the same symbols. In the spare guide area (Wl) on the outer periphery, TRfi-, there is a table (or table) of the first defective sectors that exists at the manufacturing and shipping stage [Ll, IL2,...ILi is the user of each sector. Recorded in the data area. Specifically, the track address, sector address (hereinafter collectively referred to as address) of the defective sector, or the address of the defective sector and the address of the sector to replace it are recorded. For example, if the address of a sector is represented by 3 bytes as described above, for one defective sector, the address of the sector itself is 3 bytes, and the address of the replacement sector is 3 bytes, totaling 6.
Bytes of information are recorded. Therefore, if the user data length of one sector is 512 bytes, approximately 85 bytes are recorded in one sector.
Information about bad sectors can be recorded.

The outermost track (TRo) of user area 0 contains a table of second bad sectors ULI, UL2, etc. that occur after the disk is actually used in the field.
, ULi are recorded in the user data area of each sector in the same way as the first bad sector table.

The data capacity of the first bad sector table is uniquely determined at the shipping inspection stage of each disk.On the other hand, the number of bad sectors in option 2 has the possibility of increasing as the frequency of use of the disk increases. The defective sector table for tracks beyond one track TRo (TR11,...
) has a personality that extends to... Therefore, the second
The contents of the bad sector table are rewritten and updated by the drive itself every time a new bad sector occurs in the drive.

On the other hand, since the first defective sector table exists in an area that cannot be rewritten by the drive, it is written during the inspection stage of the disk and saved as a unique value of the disk.

In the above explanation, an example of the embodiment on the outer periphery of the disk has been described, but the same thing can be done on the inner periphery of the disk. It is also possible to improve the reliability of the bad sector table by creating double tables for the inner and outer circumferences.

In addition, as shown in Figure 1, it is advantageous to provide the first bad sector table and the second bad sector table in adjacent tracks as close as possible to each other so that the drive can read each bad sector table at high speed. It is.

Although the optical disc has been described above as a specific example, the present invention can also be applied to other recording media such as optical cards.

Effects of the Invention As explained above, the first bad sector table is created in an area where the contents cannot be changed on a normal drive used by the user, and the second bad sector table is created in an area where the contents can be changed on a normal drive. This makes it possible to separate and manage the bad sectors that occur on the production side and the increased number of bad sectors that occur in the field, which is effective in managing the quality of the disk and the conditions of use in the field. Since the defective area table is allocated on a track-by-track basis, management on the drive becomes easier.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating trunks and sectors of an embodiment of the optical recording medium of the present invention, and FIG. 2(a), (
b) is a configuration diagram showing the general configuration of the optical disc, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram explaining the functions of the radial area of the optical disc, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram explaining the tracks and sectors of the optical disc. . ILL, IL2. ...TLi...First bad sector table, ULI, UL2. ...ULi...
-Second bad sector table, TR, -Old...Track number (address number), S,...Sector number, G
...Guidance area, U...Recording and playback area,
Wl... Preliminary guidance area. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) In an optical recording medium that has information regarding defective areas as a defective area table in a part of the recording medium, a first defective area table whose contents cannot be changed or updated by an apparatus that writes and reproduces information on the optical recording medium; The second part whose contents can be updated
An optical recording medium having a defective area table. (2) In the first defective area table, defective areas that existed before the optical recording medium was shipped are registered, and in the second defective area, defective areas that occur after being used in the field are registered.
1) The optical recording medium described above. (3) First, the contents cannot be updated with an optical recording drive.
An optical disc having a defective area table and a second defective area table whose contents can be updated. (4) Place the first bad area table in an area on both sides or one side outside the user data area and close to the user data area, and place the second bad area table at both ends or one end of the user data area. An optical disc placed in the area and close to each other.