JPH01255834A - Optical switch - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To execute the bidirectional communication by providing a pattern mask-a hologram and a hologram-a pattern mask between array-like photodetectors. CONSTITUTION:An array-like light source 107 placed on the input/output surface 101 is allowed to emit a light beam by allowing it to correspond to two-dimensional binary input data, and its emitted light transmits through a pattern mask 102 and made incident on a hologram 103. This hologram has a function for collimating an incident light, and allowing it to branch to a hologram 104 so as to be converged to an array-like photodetector 110. A light beam which has been allowed to branch by the hologram 103 transmits through the hologram 104 and a pattern mask 105 and converged to the array-like photodetector 110. On the contrary, a light beam which has been emitted from an array-like light source 109 passes through an entirely reverse optical path, and converged to an array-like photodetector 108. In such a way, the bidirectional communication can be executed between the input/output surface 101 and the input/output surface 106.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an optical switch necessary for performing parallel high-speed calculations using light.

[Prior art]

Research is progressing on computers that can perform calculations at high speed in order to process large-scale information, but methods that use sequential processing using electrical circuits are already approaching their performance limits. Therefore, research is progressing on parallel processing architectures such as supercomputers and array processors that can execute multiple operations simultaneously. On the other hand, light has a spatial expanse and its physical properties do not interfere with each other, so operations using light have excellent parallelism.

However, until now, there was no way to quickly switch data to an arbitrary location, and it was not possible to process data at high speed using light.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical switch for changing the amplitude transmittance of light and branching bidirectional data to an arbitrary location.

[Failure to solve the problem]

The optical switch of the present invention includes a first plurality of light sources arranged two-dimensionally and a first plurality of photodetectors arranged adjacent to each of the first light sources. a first plurality of light source driving means for causing the first light source to emit light in response to an input signal; and a second plurality of two-dimensionally arranged light detectors for receiving light emitted from the first light source. Means and F! i A second surface having the same structure as the first surface and disposed adjacent to each light detection means of the second light detection means.
a second plurality of light source driving means for causing the second light source to emit light in response to an input signal; and at least the same number of decomposition points as the light detection means for one light source. a light modulating means for changing the amplitude fi passing rate of the light, and the light transmitted from the light modulating means and emitted from each of the first light sources is branched and focused on the second light detecting means. , comprising two sets of light branching biofilms for branching and focusing light emitted from each of the second light sources on the first light detection means, and a control means for controlling the light modulation means. do.

[Function/principle of the invention]

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the principle of the optical switch of the present invention.

The array light source 107 on the human output surface 101 is caused to emit light in accordance with the two-dimensional binary input data, and the emitted light passes through the baton mask 102 and enters the hologram 103.

This hologram has the function of collimating the incident light and branching it to the hologram 105 so as to focus it on the array photodetector 110 on the human output surface 106 . The light branched by the hologram 103 passes through the hologram 104 and the baton mask 105 and is focused on the array photodetector 110. Conversely, the light emitted from the play-shaped light source 109 passes through a completely opposite optical path and is directed to the play-shaped photodetector 108. Therefore, bidirectional communication is possible between the human output surface 101 and the input/output surface 106.

FIG. 3 shows the human output surface 101 of FIG. 2 for the 2×2 human power data. Batan mask 103, 104° human output surface 10
This figure shows the structure of No. 6. (a) is the human output surface 101
The position of the light source, (bl, fc) is the batan mask 1
02.105 structure, (dl indicates the position of the photodetector on the human output surface 106. The light source 11.12.2 on the human output surface 101
1.22 are arranged in a 2x2 array at the intersections of equally spaced grids. Batan mask 102
, 103 has 16 decomposition points, which is the square of the number of light sources on the human output surface 101 (four in this case). The human output surface 106 has the same number of decomposition points (detectors) AA, AB, BA, and BB as the number of light sources on the human output surface 101.

The light emitted from the holograms 101j and 11 is a'a', a'C', c/a/ of the baton mask 105.
.

The light emitted from 12 to c/c/ is a'b',
The light emitted from 21 to a', 1/, C/ b/, C/ d/, b'a',b'c',d'
The light emitted from 22 to a', d' and c' becomes b/
The hologram 104 is designed to branch into b/, b/ a/, a/ b/ d/ a/, and the hologram 104 is designed to branch into a
The light branched into 'a', a'b', b'a', b'b' is branched into AA and a'C', a'd', b'C', b'd'. 9 to AB, C'a', C'b'.

The light branched into d'a' and d'b' goes to BA, c/
It is designed so that the lights branched into c/2C'd', d'C', and d'd' are branched to BB. At this time, by setting the transmittance of the baton mask to 1 or O and turning on and off the light, 2×2 bidirectional manual data can be switched to 2×2 output light in parallel and independently. Table 1 shows the opening position of the baton mask, which determines the relationship between human power and output.

Above, we have described the case where the human power data is 2x2, but for example, in the case of 4x4, the human output surface 101tf4X4 light sources, the baton masks 102 and 105 have 16x16 patterns, and the human output 1fi106 It has 4×4 photodetectors, and the light source on the human power side and the photodetector on the output side correspond to each other in a 1:4 ratio due to the holograms 103 and 105. Generally, when the human input data is nXn, the number of patterns is at least nxn (H2), and the optical switch of the present invention can be realized if the number of patterns of the photodetector on the output surface is nxn.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention. In this example, the configurations of the manual surface, pattern mask, and output surface correspond to those shown in FIG. 3. Therefore,
The same reference numerals as in FIG. 3 are used for corresponding elements.

This optical switch consists of two
An arrayed light source 1 composed of X2 diverging light sources capable of high-speed modulation, such as semiconductor lasers, and an arrayed photodetector, such as an avalanche diode (AND), placed adjacent to the diverging light source. A human output surface 3 consisting of 2 and a human output surface l having the same structure as human output surface 3.
The light emitted from the array light source 1 on the human output surface 3 is branched to the array photodetector 9 on the human output surface 10, and the light emitted from the array light source 8 on the human output surface 3 is branched to the input/output surface 3. a hologram 5.6 that branches into a play-like photodetector 2; and a spatial light modulator 4.7, such as a liquid crystal television, having 4×4 decomposition points that transmit the light branched by the hologram.
m from a circuit that injects '1 current into each diverging light source.
A driving device i11 is configured to control human power data to blink the diverging light source.

12, a control device 15, 16, such as a pan converter, which controls the position of the apertures of the spatial light modulators 4 and 7, and a threshold element 13, which converts the output of the play-shaped light detection means into 21 signals and outputs it.
It consists of 14.

Next, the operation of this source switch will be described in the case where the light from the light source 11 passes through the patterns bb, c'c' of the spatial light modulator and is branched to the detector BB.

The light sources of the array light source are turned on by the driving device.

Light emitted from the light source enters the hologram.

At this time, the incident light is separated into four parts, and the pattern a'a/
, a' cl , cl a/ , cl By means of a control device, the output light is branched into the desired output light BB of the photodetector, yaa, ab, ba.

C'd'ld'C', d'd' amplitude transmittance is 0, bb
, c' The light transmitted through the 0-button bb pattern C'C' which makes the transmittance of c' 1 is received by the photodetector BH and binarized by the threshold element.

When using a liquid crystal television as a spatial light modulator, the liquid crystal television and a personal computer are connected through a monitor terminal, and the screen of the pan controller is displayed on the liquid crystal television. For example, if the size of a liquid crystal television is 64 mm x 40 mts and the resolution of a personal computer screen is 640 x 400, one resolution point of the personal computer screen corresponds to 100 μm. If the interval between light sources is 8 ms, the size of one pattern is equivalent to 2111 x 2 m11, and one pattern with 20 x 20 resolution points on a panocomputer.
If 6×16 pieces are displayed, a spatial light modulator can be constructed.

Further, the hologram can be manufactured as follows.0 The amplitude distribution of a spherical wave propagating in space is expressed by the following equation.

Here, the amplitude distribution of the plane wave is expressed by the following equation.

Ap(r)=apeXp(ikr) -scream-・(2
1+1), +21 formula, the intensity distribution of light on the hologram surface where multiple spherical waves and plane waves interfere is expressed by the following formula: 0 I=IΣal)jexp(ik(x cosa+yco
sβ)) where l is the distance from the light source to the hologram,
(α, β) represent the direction cosine of the normal line of the incident plane wave to the X-axis and y-axis of the hologram surface. Supporting equation (3), I = Re ” + I m2・= −...i4)
Here, equation (4) is calculated at each decomposition point of the hologram, and a hologram is drawn on the resist using an electron beam or the like.
Create a chrome mask that is an amplitude hologram. Using this amplitude hologram as a mask, ultraviolet light 2 is used to
For example, A
Expose a resist such as Z-1350. At this time, the depth of the resist is controlled so that the diffraction efficiency is maximized and the phase difference of transmitted light is π/2. Next, an electroforming mold is made from the completed phase hologram, and a replica is made using, for example, original hardening resin. Assuming that the refractive index of the replica material is 1.5 and the wavelength used is 0.78 μm, the optimal depth of the resist is expressed by the following equation.

An AZ-1350 resist with a depth of 2X(1,5-1) 0.33 μm was obtained, and the resist was diluted to 2=1 and applied using a spinner at 350 rpm.

A nickel mold was made from the completed master plate, and a replica was made using acrylic resin with a diffraction efficiency of 9.35%.

The threshold element only needs to have a function of emitting light when light is incident with a certain intensity or more, so in this example, an optical thyristor shown in FIG. 4 is used.In addition, a combination of a laser and a photodiode, Alternatively, an optical bistable semiconductor laser or the like can also be used.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described in detail above, by using the optical switch of the present invention, bidirectional data can be branched to any desired location in parallel and at high speed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the optical switch of the invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the principle of the optical switch of the invention, and FIG. 3 shows an input surface and a pattern mask. FIG. 4, which is a diagram showing the output surface, is a diagram showing an example of a threshold element. 1.8...γ-ray light source, 2.9...
Array photodetector, 3, 10, 101, 104...
...Input/output surface, 4.7... Spatial light modulator, 5.
6,103...Hologram, 11.12...
... Drive device, 15°16 ... Control device, 1
3.14... Threshold element, 102.105...
...Bang mask. Agent Patent Attorney Uchihara Oto/Z, 1 and Chokisho to Hiroshi group

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) a first surface having a first plurality of light sources arranged two-dimensionally and a first plurality of photodetectors arranged adjacent to each of the first light sources; a first plurality of light source driving means for causing the first light source to emit light in response to a signal; a second plurality of two-dimensionally arranged light detecting means for receiving the light emitted from the first light source; A second surface having the same structure as the first surface and having a second plurality of light sources disposed adjacent to each light detection means of the second light detection means.
a second plurality of light source driving means for causing the second light source to emit light in response to an input signal; and for one light source,
two sets of light modulation means for changing the amplitude transmittance of light, each having at least the same number of decomposition points as the light detection means; and light transmitted from the light modulation means and emitted from each of the first light sources; Each of the two sets of light modulating means branches and focuses the light on the second light detecting means, and the light emitted from each of the second light sources branches and focuses on the first light detecting means. An optical switch comprising two sets of optical branching means arranged adjacent to each other and a control means for controlling the optical modulation means.