JPH01144826A - Communication method and it's system for mobile communication - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To strengthen call function by calling the mobile radio means through a call exclusive radio base means when a call incomes to the mobile radio means in a state that the radio base means which can be communicated is not specified. CONSTITUTION:In the course that the plural radio base stations 30-1-30-(n) and the mobile radio means communicate an identical communication contents in parallel by using plural channel, when the channel whose communication quantity is below a fixed value (an old channel) occurs, it is switched to the other channel (a new channel) between the other radio base station which satisfies the fixed communication quality. Thus, the communication with the old channel is finished and the identical communication contents can be continuously communicated by using the plural channels including the new channel. Besides, for the mobile radio means in course of moving at high speed can be surely called by the call exclusive radio base station 17.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a mobile communication method and system. Generally speaking, in mobile communications using a small zone configuration, when the communication quality deteriorates or the calling function stops due to the mobile terminal in communication moving at high speed, it is necessary to satisfy the communication quality and stop the calling function. Concerning communication methods and systems to be secured.

More specifically, the present invention aims to provide a communication method and system that is superior in terms of effective frequency utilization rate, communication quality, wireless line control ability, location registration function, calling function, etc.

[Prior art] Generally, when performing mobile communication within a wide service area, one wireless base station covers the entire area and provides services.
The method for communicating with mobile objects within an area is called the large zone method. In contrast, the small zone method
An area is divided into multiple small areas, one wireless base station is installed in each divided area, and mobile wireless devices within each area communicate with these wireless base stations. I'll go.

The conventional small zone system is employed, for example, in the car telephone system of NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone ■), which is currently in commercial service. In this case, the mobile radio installed in the car moves away from the wireless base station of the other party as the car moves, and for example, if it becomes more than 5 to 7 touches from the wireless base station, the received electric field value of the radio wave decreases. Therefore, deterioration of call quality occurs. Therefore, in a small zone configuration, radio base stations are installed at intervals of 10-12 KIn from each other within the service area, and therefore in the above case there is always another radio base station near the current location of the vehicle (within 5-6 KIR). A separate radio channel is used between the new radio base station and the mobile radio to continue the call. N.T.
In the T system, a radio line control station is installed to control a large number of radio base stations and mobile radios, and the radio line control station controls the setting and cancellation of radio line calls. It is connected to the general telephone network via a barrier switch. When a deterioration in call quality occurs, the radio network control station makes multiple radio base stations around the mobile radio receive the radio waves transmitted by the mobile radio, and assigns a specific one of these radio base stations to communicate with the mobile radio. When it is determined that the desired call quality can be maintained by setting a new radio channel between the mobile radio and the radio base station, the new channel is set between the mobile radio and the radio base station.

FIG. 9 shows a conceptual diagram of the configuration of a conventional system that operates as described above, and will be explained using this diagram.

In Figure 9, the radius surrounded by four circles is 5 to 7 KIn.
Zones 14A, 14B, 14G, and 14D are designated as the service area of the car telephone, and the mobile radio device 15 installed in the car is connected to the radio base station 13 in zone 14A.
Suppose that you are communicating with A.

Since the automobile is traveling from zone 14A to zone 14C, the relative distance between radio base station 13A and mobile radio 15 is increasing.

Assuming that the communication is continuing and the car moves from zone 14A to zone 14C, the distance between the wireless base station 13A and the mobile wireless device 15 will be 5 to 7 KIn or more, and the input electric field value of mutually received radio waves will be The transmission quality decreases, leading to a drop below a certain level of transmission quality. This state of quality deterioration is always
It is monitored by the radio network control station 12, and when the quality drops below a certain standard, the radio base station 1
The radio channel in use between 3A and the mobile radio 15 (
(assumed to be channel CHI). The radio base stations 13B, 13C, and 13D that received this request each tune their own radio channel search receivers (not shown) to the channel CH1, receive the signal, and report the status to the radio network control station 12. Report to.

Upon receiving this report, the radio network control station 12 determines the reception input electric field E8°E of the radio base stations 13B, 13C, and 13D.
Compare the values of o and E, and find that Eo>E8. E. >E,
and E. After confirming that a certain level of quality is ensured from the perspective of transmission quality, radio network control station 1
2 is considered to have moved from zone 14A to zone 14C, and is the wireless channel CH used in zone 14A.
1 and replace it with wireless base station 1 in zone 14C.
A procedure for using an unused channel (assuming channel Cl-110) among the radio channels available for 3C, ie, channel switching during a call, is started.

The following is a reference: Furukawa et al. “Car telephone radio line control” Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Telecommunications Research Institute Research and Practical Application Report VO1, 26,
No. 7 This will be explained with reference to page 1885.

(1) The channel switching signal uses a control line included in each transmission path 16 between the radio network control station 12 and each radio base station 13, and between each radio base station 13 and mobile radio device 15. This is a wireless communication channel.

(2) A channel switching signal is sent to the mobile radio 15 from the radio base station 13A with which communication was previously performed, and a radio continuity test tone is sent from the radio base station 13C, which is currently communicating with the mobile radio. It is sent to the mobile radio device 15.

(3) When the mobile radio 15 cannot receive the radio continuity test tone, it returns to the old communication channel set with the radio base station 13A and continues the communication.

The above (1) to (3) are the channel switching methods currently used by NTT during a call, but as is clear from these explanations, the caller, i.e., the car phone user, may experience the following noises during a call. It will be mixed in. That is, (a) the control signal for switching according to (1) above (in this case, a 300 bit/sec digital signal) is received in a form that is inserted into the channel in progress after the other party's signal is disconnected; Since it appears in the output of the machine, it is mixed into the call as an audible sound of about 300)-1z, and the call is interrupted during this time.

(b) During the call test described in (2) above, there is no noise, but there is no sound, and during this period, the other party's voice is not transmitted to you, and your own voice is not transmitted to the other party (call disconnection).

The duration of call interruption due to (a) and (b) above is 0.7
It is said to be ~0.8 seconds. On the other hand, the radio network control station 12
Then, for the radio base station '13C, the transmission path 16C between the two
through the mobile radio 15 and, for example, channel CH10.
to start a call. Since this instruction is also carried out at the same time as the continuity test described above, from this moment on, the radio base station 13A ends communication with the mobile radio 1115, and the radio base station 13C instead communicates with the mobile radio 15. Start communication. The radio network control station 12 also connects the communication path switch SW in the barrier switch 19 for connecting each radio base station 13 with the telephone network 10 to the barrier switch 19 that forms an interface with the telephone network 10 . Base station 13
It is requesting to switch from A to 13G. That is, the A-4 switch is turned off (indicated by a blank triangle) using the communication path switch SW in FIG. 9), and the C-4 switch is turned on (indicated by a black triangle).

With the above operations, the mobile radio 15 can be used in the car to communicate with any telephone in the telephone network 10 and the car is in zone 1.
The call will continue regardless of whether the user moves to 4A, 148.14G, or 14D.

In this way, the user (caller) is given a technical guarantee that he or she can make a call anytime and anywhere within the service area while the car is in motion. That service is good.

Mobile communications that employ such a small zone configuration have become able to exhibit the following features that are not found in large zone systems.

(a) Effective use of frequencies through a so-called small zone configuration, in which the radio waves from one wireless base station are used only in a narrow area, and many wireless base stations are placed in the service area and the same frequency is used repeatedly. became possible.

(b) With the advent of digital synthesizers, it has become possible to switch between hundreds of radio channels on mobile radios, and the radio Since the technology for setting and controlling lines has been established, it has become possible to contribute to the effective use of frequencies in item (a).

(C) The radio channel control technology necessary to efficiently control the settings of radio channels for making and receiving calls for a large number of mobile radio devices has been established. It is now possible to switch wireless channels during communication when changing zones during wireless communication.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, in the conventional method as illustrated in FIG.
The problem is that technical measures are insufficient or no measures have been taken, making users feel inconvenienced and unable to provide satisfactory services. It was necessary to promote effective use and improve service quality.

These problems will be explained below.

i) In order to make effective use of frequencies, it is necessary to reduce the zone radius of one zone in a small zone configuration, but if this becomes necessarily small, mobile radio equipment will have to pass through one zone during communication. The probability of moving to another zone increases. As a result, it is often necessary to change the radio channel assigned to each zone during zone transition, and at this time, it is necessary to change the old radio channel to the new radio channel for both the radio base station and the mobile radio. Conventionally, this change was made by the radio network control station 12 (FIG. 9), but this change of channel caused a temporary interruption of communication, resulting in deterioration of communication quality.

ii) There was an example in which mobile radio devices with different transmission powers were introduced into the same system and operated as devices within one system. This is, for example, a mobile radio installed in a car (in the case of an NTT car phone, the transmission output is 5
W> and a mobile phone (transmission output 1W in NTT's case) that accesses a wireless base station for a car phone that the user can carry outdoors are housed in the same system, but this is a wireless base station. It is possible to share the wireless equipment housed in the system, making it possible to construct an economical system.
However, from the point of view of effective frequency use, it complicates the creation of rules for reusing the same frequency, which reduces the effectiveness of effective use, and the difference in transmission power levels The possibility of interference caused by other mobile radios increases. In order to prevent this, costs have increased and the effective use of frequencies has been compromised.

Reuse of the same frequency can be dealt with by improving control capabilities, but there are limitations to this as well.
If the small zoning progresses beyond a certain level, it may become uncontrollable.
This results in a system that is not cost-effective at all.

Interference has not been solved by conventional methods and has been a major problem in conventional systems.

Therefore, from the standpoint of effective use of frequencies, there is a limit to the effective use of frequencies, and it has not been possible to meet the requirements in terms of utilization of limited radio wave resources.

iii) As the number of small zones progresses, there are many situations in which within a small zone served by one wireless base station, small zones served by an adjacent or the next adjacent wireless base station overlap, and conventional technology as a wireless line control technology There was a possibility of loss of control when using

This is because radio wave propagation characteristics are greatly affected (propagation loss) by topography and structures within one small zone. This influence becomes relatively large as the number of zones becomes smaller in order to effectively utilize frequencies, and the range of one small zone becomes smaller (radius of one floor or less). In addition, relatively high-level transmitters are used in the radio base stations and mobile radios used to ensure good communication even in areas affected by terrain or structures. This means that in areas where there is no influence from terrain or structures, it becomes possible for a radio base station located far away to communicate with a mobile radio device located in another zone.

Therefore, the original concept that one small zone is managed by one wireless base station and that a wide plane that is the service area is covered by many small zones disappears, and many small zones are superimposed and one It was decided to form a service area.

As a result, in order to smoothly operate a small zone system in such a state, with the conventional technology, it is necessary to frequently set up, change, and cancel the wireless communication path, which reduces the capability of the wireless line control device. The result will be significantly higher. Therefore, it is practically impossible to secure a smooth communication path, and consideration has been given to the system configuration in order to avoid such a situation.

iv) As the number of zones becomes smaller and the size of the zone handled by one radio base station becomes smaller, the frequency of location registration increases as mobile radios in a standby state move. In other words, location registration involves automatically sending a location registration signal from a mobile radio to a wireless base station when moving from a service area covered by one wireless base station to a zone covered by an adjacent wireless base station. However,
As the moving speed increases or the zone size decreases, the frequency of this registration signal transmission increases. Therefore, the frequency of location registration traffic increases, but no effective countermeasures have been taken in conventional systems.

As mentioned in v) and iv), as the size of the zone handled by one wireless base station becomes smaller as the size of the zone progresses, the frequency of location registration due to the movement of mobile wireless devices in standby mode will increase. To increase.

In this case, location registration involves automatically sending a location registration request signal to the wireless base station when the mobile wireless device moves to the zone covered by the adjacent wireless base station. Quite often, there is not only one but a plurality of wireless base stations that can receive this signal well.

Then, these multiple radio base stations will send response signals to the mobile radio at the same time unless special measures are taken. Since response signals from these plurality of radio base stations are simultaneously received by the mobile radio, interference occurs and accurate signal reproduction becomes impossible.

vi) In the case of mid-call channel switching performed when a mobile radio moves, which will be described in detail later, a new channel is sent from the mobile radio to a nearby radio base station in order to determine the communication channel in the new radio zone. Quite often it occurs that there is not only one but a plurality of radio base stations responding to signals for determining the radio channel. Then, these plurality of radio base stations will send response signals to the mobile radio at the same time unless special measures are taken. Since response signals from these multiple radio base stations are received simultaneously by the mobile radio, interference occurs, and accurate signal reproduction is not performed, making channel switching impossible. happens.

vii) In mobile communications, the communication quality changes significantly due to the influence of radio wave propagation characteristics as the mobile body moves, and in places where radio waves propagate poorly, communication quality is required for the system. There were problems such as the value being below the value. In order to solve this problem, various measures such as diapercity technology have been adopted, but all of them have problems such as not only increasing the cost of the equipment but also impairing the effective use of frequencies. Furthermore, call interruptions due to transition between zones during a call are considered to be a type of communication quality problem, and a solution was needed to ensure quality.

viii) No measures were taken to deal with fluctuations in communication traffic within the system.

Communication traffic fluctuations within the system, for example, are usually extremely low in public communications late at night or early in the morning, during the day around 10 a.m. and between 2 or 3 p.m., and in car telephones.
Large piles of traffic can be seen between 5 and 6 o'clock, but if the system is designed to function satisfactorily even during the peak traffic hours, system components will be idle during off-peak hours, resulting in high costs. If a system was constructed that was suitable for off-peak hours, the cost would be extremely low, but it would become unusable during peak hours, and serviceability would suffer.

In addition, we have developed a system configuration that effectively utilizes idle equipment in the system to provide high-quality service when communication traffic is slow, and then transitions to regular service as traffic increases. They lacked the concept of effective use. One reason for this is considered to be that the system cost would rise sharply if attempts were made to solve this problem using conventional techniques.

Furthermore, when all the transceivers of a radio base station are in use, conventional systems do not have the processing capacity to process even extremely short and regular signals such as device registration signals made up of mobile radios. This was a technical constraint on the progress of smaller zones.

ix) Conventionally, the location registration of mobile units communicating was done by registering and processing only the data received at one wireless base station at the same time. In systems that are subject to frequent changes, or in systems where there are restrictions on the location registration method due to the effective use of frequencies, it may be impossible to receive a call to a mobile unit due to a defect in location registration.

This means that if the wireless transceiver installed at the wireless base station has only one channel, it must be used for control and communication in a time-sharing manner, and when communicating with mobile wireless devices, it must be used in the same zone. There was a significant negative impact when there was a location registration request from another mobile radio.

X) The technology for providing mobile communication services using broadband signals was insufficiently mature and incomplete, causing inconvenience to users.

Conventionally, the mobile communication services that have been widely used have mainly been telephone, and those that use wide frequency bands, such as high-speed data signals, have rarely been used. This is because in mobile communication, the radio wave propagation characteristics change significantly as the mobile body moves, so there has been a lack of technology to properly receive wideband signals.

xi) Wireless line control ability and reliability were insufficient.

Conventionally, wireless line settings, cancellation, and channel switching during a call were performed by a wireless line control station or wireless system control device installed in a fixed area to centralize control in one location. I was going.

Although this is effective in terms of unified management of line control through centralization, if a failure occurs in this system, the entire system will go down, resulting in a fatal accident. Therefore, countermeasures such as duplication of hardware have been taken, but these have resulted in increased costs and have not produced satisfactory results.

In addition, signals must be sent and received from mobile radios or radio base stations via a transmission path to a radio network control station that is centrally installed in one location, which causes signal delay time and poses a major constraint on control performance. It became.

xii) In conventional land-based mobile communications, except in special cases, the direction of movement of a mobile object during communication cannot be estimated.
It was not implemented due to technical difficulties. Therefore, it was not possible to obtain effective information such as the wireless line traffic situation in the area in the direction of movement, and problems remained in terms of effective frequency use and traffic management.

xiii) Momentary interruptions occur when switching channels during calls between zones or within a zone, and this has also been a major hindrance to creating smaller zones.

In the call channel switching method implemented by NTT, which was explained using Figure 9, calls are temporarily disconnected (0.7 to 0.8 seconds) when switching wireless channels, and calls other than calls @ There is a drawback that a part of the control signal (300 bits/sec) is mixed in and is audible. If there is a temporary interruption in the call line or noise, it is not a big problem because it can be compensated for by listening again when the content of the call is voice, but it is not a big problem. When equipped with a facsimile terminal and used for sending and receiving,
If there is a channel change during operation, for example, in a 1-minute facsimile, a black line (or white line) appears on the 0.8/60 part of the page, which significantly deteriorates the received image quality. In the case of data communication, for example, 12
In the 00 port data signal, approximately 1000 bits of the signal are lost, so procedures such as retransmission are required.

In order to remove the harsh noise, there are methods such as silencing during channel switching or using out-of-band signals, but even if the purpose of removing the harsh noise can be achieved, the line disconnection time still remains. However, the problem remains that, since it exists, it is completely ineffective in eliminating the negative influence on facsimile and data signals.

[Means for solving the problem] A plurality of radio base stations each having a radio transceiver and an ID identification storage unit, a group of switches that connect the plurality of radio base stations and a telephone network, and a communication path that controls the group of switches. A gateway switch including a control unit and an ID identification storage unit, and a radio that simultaneously receives a plurality of channels in order to simultaneously communicate with a plurality of radio base stations while moving within a service area covered by the plurality of radio base stations. A system was constructed that includes a mobile radio that includes a receiving circuit and a radio transmitting circuit that transmits multiple channels simultaneously.

In general, in order to strengthen the calling function, which is an important objective of the present invention, a calling-only wireless base station is installed that covers the entire service area covered by each of a plurality of wireless base stations. The system configuration was designed to connect to the gateway exchange through a transmission line.

[Operation] While multiple radio base stations and mobile radio devices are communicating the same communication content in parallel using multiple channels,
If a channel (old channel) whose communication quality falls below a certain value occurs, another channel that satisfies the certain communication quality
Communication with one wireless base station is switched to another channel (lFr channel), communication on the old channel is terminated, and the same communication content can be communicated without momentary interruption using multiple channels including the new channel. I made it. In addition, it has become possible to reliably call mobile radio devices that are moving at high speed from the call-only radio base station. As a result, the following actions and effects could be obtained.

i) An ID identification storage unit is installed between each radio base station and the gateway exchange, and the location of mobile radio equipment is registered in parallel based on the data of each radio base station, improving the reliability of location registration. did.

11) When executing j) above, the mobile radio transmits a location registration request signal to the radio base station.
It occurs quite often that there is not just one, but multiple. Then, these multiple radio base stations will send response signals to the mobile radio at the same time unless special measures are taken. Since the response signals from these plurality of radio base stations are simultaneously received by the mobile radio, interference occurs, making it impossible to receive accurate signals. In order to prevent this, in order to prevent interference in response signals in location registration signals transmitted to multiple wireless base stations in the vicinity, we have developed a method for transmitting response signals from multiple wireless base stations. , it was decided to take measures in advance, such as providing a time difference proportional to the received electric field value.

iii) Communication quality deteriorated in multiple channels 1
Since the current channel is switched to a new channel, channel switching during a call between zones or within a scene can be done without interruption.

iv) When performing iii) above, a signal for determining the communication channel in the new wireless zone is sent from the mobile radio to a nearby wireless base station to determine the communication channel in the new wireless zone. The number of radio base stations that respond to a signal is not just one, but multiple radio base stations often exist within a distance of 1 m. Then, these plurality of radio base stations will send response signals to the mobile radio at the same time unless special measures are taken. Since response signals from these multiple radio base stations are received simultaneously by the mobile radio, interference occurs, causing accurate signal reproduction and channel switching operations to become impossible. .

In order to prevent this, when the quality of communication with one or more wireless base stations deteriorates, if the communication quality does not meet a certain level of quality required by the system, one or more wireless base stations In order to prevent interference from occurring in a response signal to a signal for determining a new radio channel transmitted from the mobile radio device to a nearby radio base station in order to set up a communication path with the station. , it was decided to include in advance the method for sending response signals from multiple wireless base stations.

■) Ensuring good communication quality through the adoption of economical transmitting and receiving diversity, which reduces interference and makes new services using broadband signals technically possible.

Vi) When traffic is slow, many channels are used to carry out parallel communication, which makes effective use of radio equipment and improves communication quality.

vii) Since each wireless base station is equipped with an ID identification storage unit and a function that enables simultaneous transmission and reception of multiple wireless channels through high-speed switching, it is possible to process location registration signals from mobile wireless devices even during peak traffic times. It became.

viii) Parallel communication of multiple channels improves the transmission characteristics of wideband signals, and improves line quality.

In addition, by increasing the functionality of mobile radio equipment, installing a call-only radio base station, and using it in combination with the radio base station, we were able to further improve the following functions and effects by 1q.

ix) It has become possible to estimate the direction and speed of movement of a mobile radio, and it has become possible to ensure communication in the destination zone and to carry out advance allocation of channels to be used in the mobile prospect zone.

X) When the moving speed of the mobile radio device exceeds a certain value, the transmission of the location registration signal is stopped, making it possible to prevent congestion of control signal traffic and ensure the reliability of the control signal.

xi) Regarding the incoming call to the mobile radio in the above state X>, by providing a paging-only radio base station capable of wide area service, it is possible to send a paging signal and secure communication.

xii) Regarding a call originating from a mobile radio in the state of X) above, utilize ix) above to perform location registration, select a radio base station and communication channel,
This made it possible to secure communications.

xiii) In xiii) above, the paging signal sent from the paging-only radio base station to the mobile radio device includes necessary information regarding the start of a call, such as surrounding communication traffic conditions and usable call channel numbers. As a result, the operation of the entire system has become smoother.

xiv) By distributing the control of radio lines from the centralized system of conventional systems to mobile radios or radio base stations, control processing capacity and system reliability have been improved by 1q.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C, and FIG. 1D show an example of a system configuration for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1A, 10 is a general telephone network, which includes an exchange 11 for general telephones.

20 is an exchange for regular telephones included in the telephone network 10!
This is a gateway exchange for connecting the 111 and wireless systems. The gateway switch 20 has a plurality of wireless base stations 30-1.
．． 30-2. −． 30-n, call-only wireless base station 17
It also connects many mobile radio devices and telephones accommodated in the general telephone network 10, and the radio base station 3
A communication path control section 21 that sends and receives control signals between each station of 0-1 to 3Q-n, and also controls communication path setting cancellation, calling-only radio base station 17, etc.; Each wireless base station 30-1 to 30-n and the gateway switch 20
and exchange t! i! 11 and a switch group 23 necessary for switching the communication path to establish a connection with the terminal 11.

FIG. 1B shows a mobile radio device 50 that communicates with each of the radio base stations 30-1, 30-2 or the paging-only radio base station 17. The received signal received by the antenna section is transmitted to the wireless receiving circuit 6 including the receiving mixer 63 and the receiving section 53.
8, and the output communication signal is input to the control unit 58 and five telephone units. A communication signal output from the telephone section 59 is applied to a wireless transmission circuit 66 including a transmission mixer 61 and a transmission section 51, and the transmission signal is sent out from the antenna section and received by the wireless base station 30.

In addition, we constantly monitor the call quality during communication and if it deteriorates,
In addition to reporting this to the control unit 58, it also reports to the control unit 58 the results of comparing and measuring the electric field values of signals transmitted from the same wireless base station with a time difference. Communication quality monitoring unit 5
7 and monitors the presence or absence of interference during communication, and if a certain amount or more of interference is detected, the control unit 58
The interference detector 62 and own mobile radio device 50 that report to
An ID/roam/area information collation storage unit 54 for storing the ID of the user and for identifying and storing the zone in which the user is located is provided with connections as shown in the figure.

This mobile radio device 50 further includes a synthesizer 55-1.
．． 55-2. ..., 55-n and 56-1.56-
2. ..., 56-rl and selector switch 64-1.6
4-2, and a reception switching controller 65G and a transmission switching controller 67C that generate signals for switching and controlling the changeover switches 64-1 and 64-2, respectively. ~55-n and 56-1~56
-n and both switching controllers 65G and 67C are controlled by the controller 58. Each synthesizer 55-1
A reference frequency is supplied from the reference crystal excavator 71 to 55-n and 56-1 to 56-n.

FIG. 1C shows a radio base station 30 (for example, 3O-1) that communicates with the mobile radio device 50, which has almost the same configuration as the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B, but has a different configuration. The controllers 55-1 to 55-1 for switching between transmission and reception are
55-rl, 56-1 to 56-n, there is no selector switch 64-1, 64-2 for switching the synthesizer,
There is no ID/roam area information collation storage section 54 (Fig. 1B), and the synthesizer is also used for reception and transmission 35-1.3.
6-1, and also has a ■D identification storage section 34 for identifying and storing ID numbers of the user and the called party, and does not have a telephone section 59 (Fig. 1B). 59 is provided with an interface 39 to the gateway exchange 20.

Each component corresponding to FIG. 1C and FIG. 1B will be listed below, and description of each function will be omitted. Here, the numbers in parentheses are the numbers of the corresponding components in FIG. 1B.

Transmitting unit 31 (51) Receiving unit 33 (53>Synthesizer 35-1 (55-1 to 55-n>Synthesizer 36-1 (56-”1 to 56-n) Communication quality monitoring unit 3
7 (57> Control unit 38 (58) Reference crystal oscillator 40 (71) Transmission mixer 41 (61) Interference disturbance detector 42 (62) Reception mixer 43 (63) Radio transmission circuit 46 (66) Radio reception circuit 48 (68 ) FIG. 1D shows an embodiment of a paging-only radio base station 17 that sends a paging signal to a mobile radio 50, and since it is used only for transmission, there is no receiving section.

Here, the interface 25 interfaces the signal from the barrier exchange 20 to apply a ringing signal to the angle modulator 26, and the angle-modulated ringing signal is applied to the transmission mixer 27 and output from the local frequency oscillator 28. It is mixed with the local excavation signal, amplified by the transmission power amplifier 29, and sent from the antenna to the mobile radio device 50 to call the mobile radio device 50.

FIG. 1E shows another embodiment 30B of a radio base 83Q (for example, 3O-1) that communicates with the mobile radio 50, and the configuration is approximately the same as that of the mobile radio 50 shown in FIG. 1B. They are the same, but the difference is that they do not have an ID/roam/area information collation storage unit 54 (FIG. 1B), but have an ID identification storage unit 34 for identifying and storing the ID numbers of the user and the called party. It is advantageous in that there is no telephone section 59 (FIG. 1B), and an interface 39 to the gateway exchange 20, which takes the place of the telephone section 59, is provided.

Each component corresponding to FIG. 1E and FIG. 1B will be listed below, and description of each function will be omitted. Here, the numbers in parentheses are
1B is the number of each corresponding component in FIG. 1B.

Transmitting section 31 (51) Receiving section 33 (53>Synthesizers 35-1 to 35-n (55-1 to 55-n) Synthesizers 36-1 to 36-n (56-1 to 56-n>Communication quality monitoring section 37 (57) Control unit 38B (58) Reference crystal oscillator 40 (71) Transmission mixer 41 (61) Interference disturbance detector 42 (62) Reception mixer 43 (63) Radio transmission circuit 46 (66) Radio reception circuit 48 (68 ) FIG. 1F shows another embodiment of the radio base station 30, in which a radio base station 30C including a plurality of transceivers makes many calls ( transceivers 90-1 to 90-m for communication, the radio receiving circuit 48 and the communication quality monitoring unit 37 shown in FIG. 1E.
m communication quality monitoring receivers 93-1 having both functions.
.about.93-m and a control transceiver 94 dedicated to a control channel for control signals, which are connected to the telephone network 10 via a barrier exchange 120.

The configuration of one of the transceivers 90-1 to 90-m used in FIG. 1F is shown in FIG. 1G, and the ID identification memory included in the radio base station control device 32 is shown in FIG. section 34C1 control section 38C and reference crystal oscillator 40
The connection relationship with C is shown.

The transmitter/receiver 1190 shown in FIG. 1G has almost the same configuration as the wireless base station 30B shown in FIG. 1E,
Many transceivers 90 share the ID identification storage section 34C1 control section 38C and reference crystal oscillator 40G.

Since the transmitter/receivers 90-1 to 90-m in FIG. 1F have such a configuration, the changeover switch 44-1.
44-2, if one specific synthesizer is selected from among the synthesizers 35-1 to 35-n and 36-1 to 36-n, the number of radio base stations 30C shown in FIG. 1F is m. channels can be transmitted and received simultaneously.

In addition, the changeover switch 44-1゜44-2 of the transmitter/receiver 90
If the synthesizers 35-1 to 35-n and 36-1 to 36-n are operated at high speed and repeatedly switched, one transceiver 90 can simultaneously transmit and receive n channels. is possible. Therefore, the first
The radio base station 30C in Fig. F can simultaneously transmit and receive up to mxn channels.

Another embodiment of the mobile radio 50 is shown in FIG. 1H.

The difference between the mobile radio 1150B in FIG. 1H and the mobile radio 5Q shown in FIG. A receiving section 52 is provided, and both receiving mixers 63
and 73, the outputs of the synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n are applied via changeover switches 64-1 and 64-3 controlled by the reception switching controller 65G and the control unit 58B, respectively. Transmission switching controller 67
The point is that the outputs of the synthesizers 56-1 to 56-n are applied through a changeover switch 64-2 controlled by C.

The mobile radio device 50B shown in FIG. 1H has a function that has a particularly remarkable reception diversity effect.

A part of the reception signal received by the antenna section of the mobile radio device 50 is added to the reception mixer 73. Receive mixer 73
The outputs from the synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n are applied as local oscillation frequencies to the synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n via the changeover switch 64-3.

This changeover switch 64-3 is different from other changeover switches 64-
It is not necessary to switch at a high speed like 1 or 64-2, and a low switching speed of, for example, 1OH2 is sufficient. When the selector switch 64-3 is in the position to obtain the output of the synthesizer 55-1, the control unit transmits the C/Nf value (carrier-to-noise ratio value) of channel Cl-11 measured by the C/N measurement receiving unit 52. 58B. Next, switch 6
When 4-3 is in a position to obtain the output of synthesizer 55-2, it measures the C/N value of channel CH2. In the following order, the C/N value of CHn is measured when the output of the synthesizer 55-n is turned on, and the control unit 58-n respectively measures the C/N value of CHn.
Communicate to B. The control unit 58B uses these values to control the reception switching controller 65C and the transmission switching controller 67G.
For example, the switching frequencies of the two are controlled so as to operate at a speed inversely proportional to the C/N value.

Next, a system for increasing the reception diversity effect will be briefly described. FIG. 11 shows an example of the configuration of the mobile radio device 50C in this case.

In FIG. 11, the input radio wave (input signal) to the mobile radio device 50C is divided into n equal parts at the antenna input section, and each radio wave is divided into n equal parts by the radio receiving circuits 68-1, 68-2, . ....

68-n. Each radio receiving circuit 68-1 to 68-
receive mixers 63-1, 63-2 . ...
, 63-n, receiving section 53-1.53-2°..., 53
-n is provided, and reception mixers 63-1 to 63
-n respectively have synthesizers 55-1, 55-2.
..., the local oscillation frequency from 55-rl is input. Therefore, in the configuration shown in the same figure, there is no reception selector switch 64-1 shown in FIG.
It is possible to receive and demodulate signals of H1, CH2°, . . . , CHn. In addition, these receiving sections 53-1 to 53-
A part of the output signal of n is sent to the control unit 58C, and another part is added to the mixing circuit 69 and processed in the same way as in a normal diversity receiver (in this case, synthesis after detection). , is sent to the telephone unit 59. In addition, each receiving section 53-1
A part of the outputs of ~53-n are sent to the communication quality monitoring unit 5, respectively.
7-1 to 57n, and their outputs are applied to the control section 58C, respectively.

FIG. 1J shows a mobile radio device 500 different from the mobile radio device 50C shown in FIG. -1
51-n, a signal to be transmitted is commonly connected and applied to each transmitting section 5]-1 to 51-n, and a control section 58D By,
The outputs from the synthesizers 56-1 to 56-n, each of which generates a controlled and instructed frequency, are sent to each transmission mixer 6.
1-1 to 61-n. This mobile radio device 5
0D can continuously transmit multiple radio channels without chopping them with the changeover switch 64-2 like the mobile radio 50C (FIG. 11).

By adopting a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 1J, it is possible to obtain a large diversity effect.

Mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> and radio base station 30 (
B, C), the control signal between the gateway exchange 20 and the communication (talk)
Use of signals outside the band will be punished.

In order to transmit this control signal outside the communication (speech) signal band, specifically, when the control signal is an analog signal, a second
As shown in figure (a), the communication channel band is 0.3 to 3.
．． Low frequencies fDo outside 0KHz (e.g. about 100H
z) or high frequency fD1. fD2. fD3”・fD
8 (for example, 4.8 KHz at 0.1 KH2 intervals).
8 waves up to 5KH2) are used.

When there are many items to be controlled, that is, control data, the wave number of the control frequency fDo" fD8 may be increased roughly, or a subcarrier format may be adopted. In this case, for example, f, ... fD8 By applying frequency modulation or amplitude modulation to one or more of the waves, more control data can be transmitted.

Furthermore, when a digital data signal is used as a control signal, it is also possible to digitally encode the audio signal and time-division multiplex the two to be transmitted.
Shown in Figure (b). FIG. 2(b) shows an example of a case where an audio signal is digitized by a digital encoding circuit 91, and the audio signal is multiplexed with a data signal by a multiplex conversion circuit 92, and then applied to the modulation circuit of the transmitter 31.

Below, the functions of the mobile radio equipment 50 (B, , C, D), the radio base station 30 (B, C), and the barrier switch 20 will be explained in order.

(A>Mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> First, among the functions provided by the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>), the function of the control unit 58 (B, C, D>) will be explained. Control unit 5
8 (B, C, D) has the following basic functions.

i) Own mobile radio 1fi50 (B, C, D> command to the radio transmitting circuit 66 to emit or stop transmitting radio waves, and control the transmission power level.

1;) Instructs the radio receiving circuit 68 of its own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> to receive or stop radio waves.

1ii) Instructing the telephone unit 59 whether or not to send a dial signal and instructing the transmission/reception of voice.

iv) Synthesizer groups 55-1 to 55-n and 5
Oscillation frequency (channel) designation, oscillation command and stop command for 6-1 to 56-n.

■) Control commands to the reception and transmission switching controllers 65C and 67C.

vi) Determining whether or not to change one or more channels to be used based on information from the communication quality monitoring unit 57.

vii) Determining whether or not to change the channel to be used based on information from the interference detector 62.

viii) ID/Roam area information verification storage unit 54
Confirm the ID of the other party to communicate with and determine the channel to be used based on the information from.

ix) Transfer of communication channels to mobile radios with higher service types.

X) Determination of on/off duty conditions for the reception (transmission) switching controllers 65C and 67C.

xi) be higher than the wireless base station 30 in terms of control decisions; This is based on the wireless base station 3 regarding control decisions.
When it is different from 0, it is possible to exercise initiative over the radio base station 30.

xii) Estimating the moving direction and moving speed of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) based on information from the communication quality monitoring unit 57.

xiii) Mobile radio! fi50 (B, C, D>
Based on the reports from each wireless base station 30 (B, C) that received a calling signal (using a control channel), the wireless base station 30 with the best received signal quality or the next best wireless base station 30 is selected.
(B, C) or by detecting the moving direction, speed, etc. of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D), and selecting a radio base station 30 (B, C) in a new zone in anticipation of the movement destination zone;
For this, the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>
Specifies the currently unused call channel number to be used for communication with. A command signal to stop communication with the mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C, D) is sent to the radio base layer where the communication quality has deteriorated.

Next, by using the functions 1) to xiii) in combination, the following applied functions can be provided.

1) The ID/roam area information collation storage unit 5 checks the radio channels used by other mobile radios or other radio base stations operating in the vicinity of the own mobile radio 50 (B, C, D).
4 and used when making a call or switching communication channels.

2) As one application of the functions x) and xi), when call traffic is congested, the number of channels used for communication at the same time is eliminated, calls are suppressed, and channels in use are disconnected or recommended for early termination.

3) Using the functions i), vi), and vii),
Setting the optimum transmission level for own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

4) One application of the function in 3) is to determine the optimal signal speed for digital signal transmission.

5) Determine the optimal channel to use depending on the type of communication (telephone, fax data, etc.). In addition, the control functions associated with the transition to another zone include 6) selection of a new wireless base station 30 after switching channels during communication; At this time, a new radio base station 30 is selected taking into consideration the moving direction of the own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>. Also, in order to prevent signal collision, a response signal is sent to each radio base station 30. Instruct the timing.

7) Barrier exchange [For 20, opening/closing the switch group 23 of the communication path and requesting parallel use of the communication path via the radio base station 30.

8) After mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> starts talking,
If the communication traffic situation within the system allows, determine whether to implement transmitting/receiving dypasity and instruct the execution of the operation.

9) Mobile radio 50 performing transmitting/receiving diversity
(Regarding B, C, and D>, if there is traffic congestion, an important subscriber makes a call, or a broadband signal service requester appears at that time, the multiplicity of transmitting and receiving diversity (number of used channels) may decrease or , Determining and executing diaperity stopping.

10) According to items 1) to 7), the mobile radio device 5 during communication
0 (B, C, D> may be within the same zone due to location change, or wireless base station 3 may change zones)
0 If the quality of communication with (B, C) deteriorates, determine whether to switch the channel during communication (busy) for that channel. Note that in order to perform this operation, the opposing wireless base station 30 (B).

It is necessary to send a control signal to C), but this instruction (control signal) can be sent using the communication channel and the upper or lower frequency band of the frequency and waveband of the communication signal, as shown in Figure 2 (a). It will be done.

11) By moving, the mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C, D) faces each radio base station 30 (B,
, C) The measurement results of the reception quality change of mobile radio 150 (
B, C, D), the mobile radio 50
(Estimating the moving direction and moving speed of B, C, D>,
On the other hand, the traffic state (
If necessary, the multiplicity of transmitting and receiving diversity of the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D) communicating with these radio base stations 30 (B, C) is determined. Decrease or increase decisions and execute them.

The control function when the self-control opening 58 recognizes that the moving speed of the mobile radio 50 exceeds a certain value is as follows: 12) When the mobile radio 50 is in the standby state, the radio base station 30 is activated. Stop sending the location registration signal every time you cross a zone.

13) In the state of 12>, the mobile radio 5
The standby channel of the radio receiving circuit 68 of No. 0 shall be set to the paging channel transmitted from the paging-only radio base station 17.

14) In the state of 12>, the mobile radio 50
Only when a call is to be made from a station, sending a location registration signal 2 selecting a radio base station 30 with which communication is possible and determining a communication channel. However, in this case, please take 6) into consideration.

Here, in order to recognize the moving speed of the mobile radio device 50, a method is used in which the communication quality monitoring unit 57 measures the cycle of instantaneous electric field fluctuations due to fading.

This utilizes the fact that there is a proportional relationship between the moving speed and the period of electric field fluctuation.

To express the above control function in one word, it means that a part of the function of the radio network control station 12 shown in FIG. 9 used in the prior art is accommodated in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D). It is. This is only possible by using ultra-LSI technology, which has recently made remarkable progress, and can be described as making mobile radio equipment intelligent.

However, even if mobile radios are made intelligent using conventional technology, there are limits to their effectiveness.
In particular, it has no effect on improving radio line control ability or eliminating instantaneous interruptions when switching channels during a call, and it is only through the use of the method of the present invention that it becomes intelligent in both name and reality.

(B) Wireless base station 30 (B, C) Devices each having the following functions are set in the wireless base station 30.

a) Each radio base station has a dedicated radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving a small number (usually one) of control channels, and a number of dedicated communication channels corresponding to the number of communication channels assigned to that radio base station. A wireless transmitter/receiver is installed.

For example, assume the wireless base station 30C in FIG. 1F. 1
The number of communication channels allocated to one wireless base 830C is 50 mobile radio channels existing in the small zone it is in charge of.
(B.

The optimal value is given by the call traffic of C).

If the area of the zone is large and there are many mobile radios in the area, the call traffic will inevitably increase, so at least one control channel and multiple call channels are required, and the transmitter/receiver 90 (Figure 1G)
Of course, more than one is required. NTT's car phone system provides two control channels and up to six
There is an example in which about 0 communication channels are allocated.

However, the size of the zone gradually became smaller, and finally the size of the zone gradually became smaller, and finally the document mentioned above, Ito "Proposal of Mobile Telephone System, Communication Society of Japan, Communication System Study Group Material C5-86-88, 1986, 1
As shown in January, when it comes to very small zones called microcells with a radius of about 25 meters, wireless base stations that handle this area as a service area are installed there due to call traffic, method, and cost. As the wireless channel, control and call are each set to 1,
In some cases, the function of the radio equipment that covers this is one transmission/reception. In other words, one transmitter/receiver is used for both control and communication (see Fig. 1E). What's more, this dual-purpose system initially responds to calls from mobile radios using the control channel, and after specifying an available communication channel, it also changes to the communication channel and repeats the same call. Rather than simply communicating with a mobile radio, as described in the article, even during communication using a single mobile radio and a communication channel, it is possible to interfere with the radio frequency signals being transmitted and received, as described below. By repeatedly switching between the communication channel and the control channel at a switching speed that is extremely fast, the mobile radio device 50 (B,
A feature of the present invention is that it has an excellent function of accepting calls to and from C and D), and also making it possible to make telephone calls.

As explained above, there are various possible configurations of the wireless base stations 30 (B, C), and the present invention is applicable to all of them.

However, in the wireless base station 30 of FIG. 1A, only one set of transmitter/receiver is shown, and the other is omitted.

b) The transmitter/receiver dedicated to communication channels installed in each radio base station 30 (B, C) is capable of receiving one channel out of a plurality of radio channels among the radio channels assigned to that radio base station. Of course, there are
In zones with severe traffic fluctuations, one transceiver 9 installed in the wireless base station 30G (Fig. 1F)
0 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 1G.

That is, the configuration of the portion that transmits and receives radio signals is substantially the same as that of the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B. As a result, call traffic in this zone increases and is typically
Even in the radio base station 30C where the number of transceivers 90 is installed to provide for communication of channels 90, if communication of m or more channels becomes necessary due to an increase in call traffic, the radio base station 30G is configured. The synthesizer 35-1.3 currently in operation is controlled by a control signal sent from the control unit 38C in the same base station for one transmitter/receiver 190.
In addition to 6-1, 35-2.35-3°..., 35-n and 36-2.36-3. ..., 36-n and changeover switches 44-1 and 44-2 are operated. As a result, the conventional m-channel transmission/reception is now possible up to mxn.
Transmission and reception of channels becomes possible. The number of channels that can be used simultaneously increases dramatically.

However, the transmission power of each channel will decrease depending on the number of switches unless a power amplifier is installed at the output of the transmission mixer 61, so it is necessary to pay attention to this point, and the total number of channels given to the system will decrease. It becomes the upper limit. Alternatively, if interference is to be caused to a channel that is communicating in another zone, the number of channels less than that is the limit.

The radio base station 30B in FIG.
Even when communicating with 0 (B, C, D) using the communication channel, the communication channel and control channel are repeatedly switched at a switching speed that does not interfere with the transmitting/receiving radio frequency as described above. By doing so, it is possible to accept the call operation and make it possible to make and receive a call even for the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) that newly requests to make and receive a call.

This will be further explained below using FIG. 1G.

The control unit 38C has the following basic functions.

i) Transmission/reception 190 included in own wireless base station 30C
commands the transmitting unit 31 to start or stop transmitting radio waves, and controls the transmission power level.

ii) Instructing the receiving unit 33 of its own wireless base station 30C to receive or stop radio waves.

1ii) Notify the gateway exchange 1120 whether dialing signals can be sent or not, and whether voice transmission/reception is possible.

iv) Synthesizer groups 35-1 to 35-n and 3
Oscillation frequency (channel) designation, oscillation command and stop command for 6-1 to 36-n.

■) For reception and transmission switching controller 45.47,
Control command.

vi) Judgment of suitability for changing channels in use based on information from communication quality monitoring receivers 93-1 to 93-m, and transmitting quality information to mobile radio device 50 (B.

Judgment as to whether or not it can be communicated to C, D).

vii) Determining whether or not to change the channel to be used based on information from the interference detector 42.

viii) Confirmation of the ID of the other party to communicate with and determination of the channel to be used based on the information from the ID identification storage unit 34C.

ix) Based on a request from a mobile radio with a higher service type, the mobile radio 50 (B.

Aim to end communication with C, D> early. Or terminate immediately.

X) For reception and transmission switching controller 45.47,
Determination of on/off duty conditions.

xi) Regarding control decisions, mobile radio 50 (B.

Must be lower than C, D>. This is to transfer the initiative to the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> when the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) is different from the control judgment. However, xi ) has been determined for convenience of explanation, and in an actual system, there is no problem even if the radio base station 30 takes the initiative.

xii) As explained in a) and b), in the case of a radio that serves both a communication channel and a control channel, (
Similar to the mobile radio 1150 (B, C) described in section A>, a plurality of synthesizers 35-1 as shown in FIG.
35-n, 36-1 to 36-n, and by repeatedly switching the communication channel and the control channel at a switching speed that does not interfere with the radio frequency for transmission and reception, the mobile device that wishes to make or receive a new call No one gland machine 50 (B, C, D
＞It must also have the function of accepting calls in and out and making calls possible.

xiii> ID identification storage unit 34 (34C) compares a random number generated by a built-in random number generator with a response timing command signal instructed from the mobile radio device 50, and outputs a response signal at a timing that matches the instruction. have the ability to send out

xiv) It is possible to receive a paging signal (a paging signal related to channel switching during a call) transmitted from the paging-only radio base station 17.

xv) Mobile radio 1150 (B, C, D>
(B, C, D> specific information such as service class,
In general, the vJ state information such as the moving direction is transferred to the I of the barrier exchange a20.
D. Must have a function of transmitting data to the identification storage section 24.

Next, by using the functions i) to XV) in combination, the following applied functions are provided.

1) Store in the ID identification storage unit 34C the radio channels used by other radio base stations operating in the vicinity of the own radio base station 30 (B, C) and by other mobile radios. Or use it when switching channels during communication.

2) As one application of the functions of
vi) Setting the optimum transmission level in the own radio base station 30 using the functions of vi) and vii).

4) As one application of the function in 3>, determining the optimal signal speed for digital signal transmission.

5) Determine the optimal channel to use depending on the type of communication (telephone, fax data, etc.).

In addition, the control functions associated with transition to another zone include: 6) Mobile radio 150 (B,
Based on the signal from C, D), communication of reception quality data and, if selected as the new radio base station 30 (B, C), start communication.

7) For the barrier switch 20, the mobile radio 50 (
Based on requests from B, C, and D), opening/closing the switch group 23 of the communication path and requesting parallel use of the communication path.

8) After performing channel switching during a call, the ID and call channel number of the mobile radio 150 (B, C, D>) with which the mobile radio 150 was communicating until then is stored for a certain period of time.

9) Utilizing the function xiii), the response timing instruction included in the calling signal of the mobile radio 50 indicates the timing when the own radio base station 30 responds to the mobile radio 50 that has made the call. , and be determined by the random value generated at that time.

10>Using the function of XiV>, own wireless base station 30
A mobile radio device 50 that is moving at high speed in the vicinity of is placed on standby on a communication channel designated by information from a calling radio base station 17.

To express the above control 11 functions in one word, some of the functions of the radio network control station 12 shown in FIG. Since it is accommodated in (B, C), radio network control station 1
This makes it possible to accommodate all the functions of 2, making it possible to abolish the radio line control station 12.

However, even if the wireless base station 30 is made intelligent using conventional technology, there is a limit to its effectiveness, especially when it comes to improving the ability of wireless line control or eliminating instantaneous interruptions when switching channels during a call. This means that it is not effective, and that it becomes intelligent in both name and reality only by using the method according to the present invention.

(C) Call-only radio base station 17 When the mobile radio in standby mode receives traffic requesting location registration (change) when the moving speed within the 50 service areas exceeds the value determined in the system design. increases, causing traffic congestion and the possibility that accurate transmission of the location registration signal may not be carried out. Therefore, a control signal to stop transmitting the location registration signal is sent to the mobile radio device 50, and from then on, The system is configured to maintain this state until the moving speed falls below a value determined by the system design.

Call-only radio base station 1 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1D
7 is a case in which an incoming call is received while the mobile radios 150 (B, C) in the mobile communication system according to the present invention are in standby mode and moving at high speed as shown above, and stop transmitting location registration signals. In rare cases, it is used to page the mobile radio 50.

The receiving unit 53 of the mobile radio device 50 in the above state is in a state where it is receiving the paging channel transmitted from the paging-only radio base station 17, and the paging-only radio base station 17 receives the paging channel via the interface unit 25. It obtains a paging signal from the gateway exchange 120 and sends out the paging signal through the paging radio channel.

The paging-only radio base station 17 is also used to send a paging signal in the same manner as described above even when the mobile radio 50 is in a standby state but cannot register its location for some reason.

That is, when there is an incoming call to the mobile radio device 50 in the above two types of states, the gateway switch 20 searches the ID identification storage section 24 and confirms that it is in the above state.
The call path control unit 21 transmits an incoming call signal to the mobile radio device 50 via the calling radio base station 17. After receiving the above-mentioned incoming call signal, the mobile radio device 50 can receive a call by performing substantially the same operation as the calling operation described later. In addition, by including necessary information regarding the start of a call, such as surrounding communication traffic conditions and the number of usable call channels, in the paging signal sent from the paging-only radio base station 17 to the mobile radio device 50, the entire system can be This will facilitate smooth operation.

Roughly speaking, in order to smoothly switch channels during a call of the mobile radio 50 that is moving at high speed and is in the middle of a call,
Based on information from barrier exchange 1fi20, mobile radio 50
For the wireless base station 30 that exists around and is on standby,
In order to make a call with the mobile radio 50, information such as a call channel number is transmitted.

The configuration of the paging-only radio base station 17 is equivalent to the configuration of the existing NTT radio paging-oriented radio base station.

However, in cases where the transmission output is extremely small (called a microcell), such as within a circle with a radius of 25 m in the service zone of each wireless base station 30, the transmission output varies depending on the system design, but normally the microcell is 100 to 10,000. (radius 250TrL ~ 2.5Km) Included services:
The area is defined to the value covered.

The paging-only radio base station 17 receives incoming calls to the mobile radios 50 located within these areas.
to the mobile radio device 50).
The number of mobile radio devices provided by the paging-only radio base station 17 is 100 to 10,000 times that of the radio base station 30 whose service area is micro cells. However, since the mobile radio device 50 does not move at high speed very often, it is sufficient to use one transmitter of a radio base station for paging communication used by NTT.

When the service area of the system is wide and the number of radio base stations 30 exceeds 10,000, the paging-only radio base stations 17 are installed not only at one location but at a plurality of locations.

In this case, whether to use a calling-only wireless base station or not,
This is determined by utilizing the information in the ID identification storage section 24 of the gateway exchange 20.

(D>Gateway Switch 20 The barrier switch 20 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1A is a mobile radio device 50 in the mobile communication system according to the present invention.
ID identification storage unit 2 to store location information of (B, C)
function 4), sets a communication path between the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C), opens and closes the switch group 23 under the control of the communication path control unit 21, and functions of the mobile radio device 50 (4) in the mobile communication system. B, C) and telephone network 10 outside the system
It is responsible for setting the communication path for calls to and from the communication path, and for opening and closing the switch group 23 under the control of the communication path control unit 21.

Furthermore, when the mobile radio 50 is moving at high speed or the like, and the barrier switch 20 receives a signal indicating that the location registration cannot be performed satisfactorily or that the registration function is being stopped, the mobile radio [
For incoming calls to 50, in addition to transmitting a paging signal via the paging-only radio base station 17, if communication with the radio base station 30 cannot be carried out well due to high-speed movement,
A downlink call signal is transmitted via the paging-only radio base station 17, and as for an uplink call signal from the mobile radio 50, the signal received at the plurality of radio base stations 30 is sent to the switch group 2.
3 and sends it to the general telephone network 10.

The functions of the barrier switch 20 will be explained in detail below.

a) Each radio base station 30 that has received a location registration signal (using a control channel) from the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>
Based on the report from (B, C), the mobile radio 5
0 (B, C, D> ID (self-identification information) is stored in the ID identification storage unit 24 via the communication path control unit 21 included in the barrier switch 20.

In this case, in the present invention, a plurality of wireless bases 830 (B.

Since the location registration request is made from C>, the mobile radio device 50
(The quality of the signal received at B, C, D> (S/N, C/
decibel values such as N) are also stored.

b) Execution of the operation of the switch group 23 to be opened and closed in connection with a call originating from the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D) and, if the called party is included in the telephone network 10, the barrier Transmission of information necessary for setting up a call with the called party addressed to the exchange 20.

C) An incoming call signal to the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D) is transmitted from the caller included in the telephone network 10 to the own barrier switch 20
When the communication is transmitted via the communication path control section 21, the switch group 23 to be opened and closed is operated, and the I/O
The called mobile radio device 50 (
Confirm the current position of B, C, D>.

d) In connection with the incoming call to the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D), the radio base station 30 ( B,
An instruction to send a call signal to C). First, this paging signal is sent to all the radio base stations 30 (B, C) in which the current location of the mobile radio 1150 (B, C, D) is registered, and each radio base station 30 (B , C),
The mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D
) will send an incoming call signal to the destination at the same time. However, this transmission time does not necessarily have to be the same time, and each radio base station 3
It may be transmitted sequentially in time series for each 0 (B, C).

In other words, it is only necessary to take measures to avoid interference caused by signal time differences.

e> The information transmitted from each radio base station 30, such as the communication channel number currently used for communication with the mobile radio 5Q that is currently communicating with the opposite party, and the moving direction of the mobile radio 50, is
A function of storing this information in the D identification storage unit 24 and transmitting this information to the calling-only radio base station 17 as necessary.

f) Regarding call signals among the uplink signals from the mobile radio device 50 (from the mobile radio device 50 to the radio base station 30), the same call signal from a plurality of radio base stations 30 is sent to the barrier exchange 120.
These are mixed by the communication path switch group 23 and sent to the general telephone network 10.

q> If the mobile radio device 50 cannot satisfactorily register its location because it is moving at high speed, and the barrier switch 20 receives and stores a signal indicating that the location registration function is being stopped, the mobile radio device 50 When there is an incoming call, call radio base 8
The call signal is transmitted via 17.

Next, the operation of the entire system will be explained in terms of the following items.

(1) Location registration (2) Call origination operation (3) Call reception operation (4) Application of diversity during times of low traffic (5) Explanation and theoretical basis of channel switching during a call and the diversity effect.

(6) Estimation of moving direction and speed of mobile radio equipment and call channel allocation method for traffic congestion countermeasures.

(1) In the home area where the location registration mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>) is permanently installed, or in the roam area which is an area within the service other than the home area, the gateway switch 20 and surrounding radio When the base stations 30-1 to 30-n are operating, the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>
When the power switch is turned on to start operation, the first thing that is performed is a location registration operation. The flow of this location registration operation is shown and explained in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

When the power switch of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> is turned on, a signal to start an operation for registering the current location is transmitted to nearby radio base stations, e.g., using an uplink control channel (CH). The control signal sent from the mobile radio 50 to 30-1 to 30-n (S201, FIG. 4A) includes its own ID as well as information about the surrounding radio base station 30.
It also includes a signal for determining the transmission timing of the response signal sent back from the server. In the small zone system using micro cells, the existence of not only one but a plurality of radio base stations 30 that can satisfactorily receive the control signal transmitted from the mobile radio device 50 occurs quite frequently. Then, in these plurality of radio base stations 30, the mobile radio tf
Unless special measures are taken against f150, response signals will be sent at the same time. Since the response signals from these plurality of radio base stations 30 are simultaneously received by the mobile radio device 50, interference occurs, making it impossible to reproduce accurate signals, and position registration becomes impossible. It becomes impossible to implement. In order to prevent this, a signal that determines the transmission timing as described above is inserted into the control signal sent from the mobile radio device 50. Specifically, for example, there are the following signals.

1) The higher the reception electric field level of the signal from the mobile radio device 50 is, the faster the response signal is sent out.

For example, if S/N=50dB or more, immediately, if S/N=50dB or more,
45.40, 35.30dB or more, 1
, 2, 3.4 seconds later.

ii) The lowest last digit (in decimal system) of the ID (self-identification number) given to each radio base station 30 is transmitted early. For example, the last digit is 0,1°2.3,4.・
..., 9, the transmission timing is set to 0. 0
．． 5. ..., i, o, ... Transmit at 5.0 seconds.

iii) Priority is given to the radio base stations 30 in the movement direction of the mobile radio device 50, and if there is a case where there is a plurality of these stations, the above i) and ii) are applied.

iv) A so-called repeating zone number used in the small zone system is given to each radio base station 30, and ii) above is applied to this. Note that the number of repeated zones indicates the degree of frequency reuse used in the system; for example, 7 means that all services and frequencies are reused.
When an area (plane) is divided into zones (hexagons) that can be serviced by one wireless base station 30, if there are seven different frequency sets (seven channels), then a plane of any size can be divided. This means that service is available in all areas.

The number of repetition zones N is 7 and N=3.4°9.12
．． 16, 19, 21.25, etc. are often used.

■) Regarding ii) above, in order to equalize each non-#1 base station 30, a random number generator is prepared in each wireless base station 30,
When a location registration request signal is received, it is also possible to have the own radio base station 30 respond early in descending order of the random number at this time.

vi) Transmit response signals in the order of the number of empty channels stored in the radio base station 30. For example, when the number of empty channels is 10 or more, respond immediately, when it is 9 to 7, 1 second later, when it is 6 to 4, after 2 seconds, when it is 4 to 2, after 3 seconds,
When set to 1, a response is made after 4 seconds.

vii) In the case of multiple communication channels, the number of communication channels that can be transmitted by the radio base station 30 at any time is the number of available empty channels.
Depending on the number of H, the same timing as vi) above is provided for transmission.

Even if the above measures are taken, the possibility of signal collision (interference) due to simultaneous transmission still exists, although it is extremely small. Measures to deal with these issues will be explained below.

a) If a certain period of time has elapsed since the wireless base station sent a response signal to the mobile wireless device 50, but the location registration signal described below is not sent (undetectable),
The radio base station 30 that sent the response signal retransmits the same signal at a timing determined by the mobile radio device 50.

b) In a>, especially if the retransmission timing is not determined by the mobile radio 150, the own radio base station 30 retransmits at a timing determined by a random number table or the like. It contains the signals mentioned above. In accordance with the purpose of location registration explained above, step 320 in FIG. 4A
2 or less operations proceed. Mobile radio device 50 (B, C,
When surrounding radio base stations, for example 30-1 to 30-n, receive the operation start signal from D) (S202>, the radio base station 30 confirms that the mobile radios 50 (B, C, D) have started operating. 5203＞, after confirming (8203YES)
If the downlink control channel is off, it is turned on and permission to send a location registration signal is sent out using the downlink control channel (S204>).

Upon receiving permission to send a location registration signal (S205>), the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D) send out a location registration signal with their own ID (identification number) using the uplink control channel ( 3206>.Communication using this control channel is possible even in the wireless base station 30B shown in FIG. Even if the network is being used between multiple channels, multiple channels can be chopped at high speed and sent and received at the same time, so they are always secured.

Upon receiving the location registration signal (S207), the wireless base station 3
0 (B, C), the reception quality is inspected and the ID is stored in the ID identification storage unit 34 (S208>. If the reception quality is greater than a certain value as a result of the inspection, (S209YES,
4B), and sends a location registration request signal to the gateway exchange 20 (S210>. Upon receiving this registration request signal (3211>), the gateway exchange 20 sends a location registration request signal to the gateway exchange 20.
It is registered that the reception quality and location are stored in 0-1 to 30-n (S212>. When this registration work is completed, a registration completion signal is sent (S213). When this registration completion signal is received The radio base station 30 (B, C) uses the downlink control channel to transmit the mobile radio device 50 (B, C
, D>.

Mobile radio device 50 that received the registration completion signal (3215)
(B, C, D> inspects the received contents and stores the ID (identification number) of each registered wireless base station 30 (B, C) in the ID roam area information verification storage unit 54 (S216
).

With the above operations, the location registration operation is completed and the device enters a standby state for an incoming call.

Note that, as is clear from the above description, the mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C) of the mobile communication system according to the present invention.

D) Location registration differs from conventional systems in that registration is performed at multiple locations (in units of wireless base stations).

This represents one feature of the present invention.

In addition, when storing location registration information, the radio base stations 30 (B, C) and the gateway exchange 20 measure the quality of the location registration signal sent from the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>). and store it including its value. Therefore,
For example, in the barrier switch 20, mobile radio) 130 (B
.

Table 1: 1st line base Mobile radio Reception quality Parallel date S/N (C/N) Hours, minutes, seconds 3
0-1 50 50 1987.8,1
113, 24.56 30-2 50 45 1987.8,
1113, 24.56 30-3 50 35 1987.8,
1113, 24.56 30-4 50 30 1987.8,
1113, 24.56 30-5 50 25 1987.8.
1113, 24.56 Similarly, each radio base station also has its own radio base station 30 (B.

It stores not only the information received by C) but also the received information of surrounding wireless base stations as shown in Table 1. This occurs when a communication path is established between the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

This information is not only useful when switching channels during calls as C, D> move, but also useful for estimating the moving direction, speed, etc. of the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>). This is because it is necessary.

For the same reason as above, mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C,
The ID roam area information collation storage unit 54 in D> also stores information in the same manner as in Table 1.

Next, it is assumed that the mobile radios 50 (B, C, D) move from the zone in which their location has been registered and move to an adjacent zone while they are on standby (not making a call). Recognition of this movement is performed by, for example, the wireless base station 30 (B).

In a system where control signals are constantly sent from C),
The wireless base station 30 (B
, C) with the ID stored in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

In a system in which control signals are not always sent from wireless base stations 30 (B, C, D), mobile wireless @50 (B, C, D>)
0 (B, C) using the uplink control channel, and in response, each wireless base station 30
Radio base station 30 (B, C') sent from (B, C')
This is possible by comparing the TD of C) with the ID information stored in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

In any of the above systems, among the ID information of the radio base stations 30 (B, C) obtained as a result, the base station ID information previously stored in the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D> If it is discovered that there is at least one new base station ID information different from C) (see FIG. 1B) updates the location registration in the ID roam area information verification storage unit 54. That is, the ID of the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>) is updated using the uplink control channel. The information is transmitted to surrounding wireless base stations 30 (B, C).

A plurality of wireless base stations 30 (8
, C), perform the same procedure as already explained,
The location registration signal of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) is sent to the gateway exchange 20. Gateway switch 2 that received this signal
0, the ID identification storage unit 24 in the own device is operated to rewrite the existing information to new information as the location registration information of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>. 50 (B, C, D> location registration is updated.

The above update work is performed on the mobile radio device 50 (B, C.

This is necessary because D) is in standby mode, and if you move to a new zone during communication (talking), the new communication channel will be assigned to the new wireless base station (B, C) to speed up the communication. When performing communication with the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>), the location registration to the gateway exchange!fi20 is updated at the same time, so
No special action is required.

Note that in a system where the number of radio devices installed in the radio base stations 30 (B, C) is small and the radio devices for control channels are diverted to communication channels, the radio base stations 30 (
When B, C) is communicating with another mobile radio a50 (B, C, D>), using the conventional technology, there is no other standby radio, so even if another mobile radio Even if a location registration request was issued, the call would be invalid.

However, as a configuration of a mobile radio device, for example, as shown in FIG. 1B, a plurality of synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n,
56-1 to 56-n and changeover switch 64-1.64-2
Even if the mobile radio device 50 is already communicating with another mobile radio device, it is possible to communicate with the newly called mobile radio device 50 using the control channel by repeatedly switching the transmission and reception channels while chopping them. It is possible. Therefore, it becomes possible to accept location registration.

Additionally, when the mobile radio's moving speed within the service area in standby mode exceeds the value determined by the system design, the traffic requesting location registration (change) increases.
In addition to causing traffic congestion, there is a possibility that accurate transmission of the location registration signal may not be performed, so in order to deal with this, control is provided to cause the mobile radio device 50 to stop transmitting the location registration signal. The system is configured to send a signal and maintain that state until the moving speed falls below a value determined by the system design.

Upon receiving such a signal, the radio base station 30 sends a signal to the barrier switch 20 as described below.

:) ID of the mobile radio 1150 that sent it 11) ID of its own radio base station 30 1ii) Time of reception On the other hand, the gateway exchange 20 that received this signal inspects the content of the signal and stores the above signal in the ID identification storage unit 24. remember.

(2) Calling operation The calling operation from the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>) will be explained.

It is assumed that the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D> are powered on and the location registration explained in section (1) has been completed. The calling operation when calling another mobile radio in the system or a telephone housed in the telephone network 10 shown in Fig. 1Δ is the same as calling from the currently used car telephone. A dial operation is performed in the same manner.

Now, the user of the mobile radio 50 shown in FIG. 1B picks up the handset (hang-off) of the telephone section 59. In this state, the mobile radio determines at what timing the calling signal sent from the mobile radio 50 should be sent to the uplink control channel (from the mobile radio 50 to the radio base station 30 (B, C)). The control unit 5B of the fi50 knows this. During the Samurai call before the calling state, the downlink control channel (from the radio base station 30 (B, C) to the mobile radio 50) that has already been sent out from the plurality of radio base stations 830 (B, C) is transmitted to this mobile radio. This is because the radio device 50 has captured the call and recognizes the timing at which the control signal contained therein allows the call to be made.

Also, in mobile radio 50, all functions shown in FIG. 1B are active. In particular, synthesizer 55-1.55-
2. ..., 55-n is made to prepare for local oscillation frequency oscillation, but the selector switch 64-1 is kept fixed at the position where the synthesizer 55-1 is selected. Further, the control unit 58 sends a control signal to the synthesizer 55-1 to oscillate a local oscillation frequency for receiving the downlink control channel. On the other hand, radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. ..., 30-n, if there is only one radio in the radio base station, depending on whether or not it is communicating with another mobile radio, the next operation will be performed to determine whether the radio from the mobile radio 50 is It is working on receiving uplink control signals.

First, at the wireless base station 30 (B, C) that is communicating with another mobile wireless device at that time, the wireless base station 30 (B, C)
) reception and transmission switching controllers 65C, 67C1
and synthesizer 55-1゜55-2.561.56
-2 is in operation, 55-1, 56-1 outputs the local oscillation frequency necessary for communication with other mobile radios, and synthesizers 55-2 and 56-2 are used for communication on the control channel. It outputs the local oscillation frequency that requires .

Therefore, it maintains a state in which it can immediately answer calls from mobile radios [50] located in the vicinity of its own radio base station 30 (B, C).

Next, at that time, the radio base stations 30 (B, C) that are not communicating with other mobile radios and are on standby on the control channel can receive the reception state of the radio reception circuit 68 on the control channel. This is how it is fixed. Therefore, the wireless transmitting circuit 66 and the like are inactive, and the wireless receiving circuit 68,
Only synthesizer 55-1 is in operation.

Now, under the above conditions, a call request signal is transmitted from the mobile radio@50. This call request signal containing the ID of the mobile radio 50 is created by the control unit 58 in FIG. 1B and sent to the radio transmission circuit 66. The signal is modulated in the radio transmission circuit 66, amplified to an appropriate level, and sent from the transmission mixer 61 to the antenna and sent to the radio base station 30-1 and the like.

The radio base station 30-1 etc. that has successfully received this signal inspects the content of the received signal and
1, confirming that it is necessary to make a call from the mobile radio 50 whose location has been registered and stored in the ID identification storage unit 34,
The mobile radio device 50 that made the call adds the reception quality value and empty channel number received at its own radio base station 30-1.
, and requests the mobile radio 50 to determine the communication channel number to be used. If own wireless base station 30-
If the mobile radio device 50 is not stored in the storage unit 34 of 1 (for example, a mobile radio device that is moving at high speed and has stopped transmitting a location registration signal), the mobile radio device 50 is stored at this point, and the added information is stored at this point. The information is sent back to the mobile radio 50. However, in this case, the timing of the reply is predetermined in various ways, such as one related to reception quality as described above, so as not to interfere with replies from other radio base stations.

On the other hand, these surrounding wireless bases 830-1, 30-2.・
..., the mobile radio device 5 that received the response signal from 30-n.
0, the number of radio base stations to which diversity transmission and reception should be performed is determined by considering the call traffic state at that time. That is, radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. −． 30
- inspect the contents of the response signal from n, and select mobile radios 50 from among those whose call quality satisfies a certain standard.
Based on the moving direction and speed of the mobile radio, the multiplicity that the mobile radio 50 is equipped with that allows diversity transmission/reception, empty communication channels that are unlikely to cause radio interference, and surrounding traffic conditions, etc., the radio base station 30 to 1° 30-2 and 30
Suppose that it is decided to communicate with -n. In this case, the mobile radio@50 uses the uplink control channel to
0-1, 30-2, and 30-n are notified of the call channel number to be used, and requested to wait on the channel with the same number.

These radio base stations 30-1, etc. each transmit radio base stations 30-1 to 30-1 at the timing instructed by the control signal.
30-n reports that it is waiting on the designated communication channel.

The reports (transmissions) from the plurality of radio base stations 30-1 to 30-n described above to the mobile radio 150 may be sent at the same time. However, in this case, it is necessary to set different occupied frequency bands outside the band and to allow the mobile radio device 50 to identify which radio base station 30 has transmitted the signal.

Here, even if the control signals are reported to the mobile radio device 50 at the same time, they will not cause mutual interference upon reception. The reason is as follows. In other words, the contents of the signals are almost the same, and the different parts are small parts related to the ID signal of the wireless base station, etc., and the frequency allocation of the control signal given to each wireless base station 30 is shown in FIG.
This is because it is possible to make the difference as shown in a>. If the above measures cannot be taken depending on the system, the gateway exchange 20 may instruct each of the radio base stations 30 to shift the timing of transmitting the control signal, or the gateway switch 20 may instruct each of the radio base stations 30 to Sending the control signal to only one of the base stations 30, and sending an incoming call signal from the radio base station 30 to the mobile radio 50;
The mobile radio device 50 that has received this control signal sends a communication availability signal to a plurality of nearby radio base stations 30 along with an incoming call response signal, and the following is the same as when the mobile radio device 50 makes a call. There are various methods, such as making the user perform certain actions.

The flow of the calling operation will be described above with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. However, only one radio base station 30 (30-1> is shown) that communicates with the mobile radio 1M50.
0 and the radio base station 30-1 have already started operating, and the mobile radio device 50 has also started operating.
The location registration work explained in Figure B has been completed. The handset is picked up (off-hook) and the upstream control channel (C
H) using this off-hook signal and the mobile radio 50.
ID (identification number) is sent (3231, FIG. 5A).

The wireless base station 30-1 that received this transmits the mobile wireless device 50.
Detects the iD () and confirms that it is already stored in the ID identification storage unit 34 (3232).

Therefore, the radio base station 30-1 adds the reception quality value received from the mobile radio device 50 and the current empty channel number, and sends it as a call response signal using the downlink control channel (S233>.

The mobile radio 50 receives such call response signals from a plurality of radio base stations 30 (the mobile radio 50 examines the reception quality value from each radio base station 30, and selects a radio base #30 that is capable of diversity transmission/reception). -1 to 30-n, check for empty channels (5234), and send a signal specifying the communication channel to be used (3235>.Here, radio base station 3
Channel CHI is sent to 0-1. The radio base station 30-1 confirms that the communication channel specified by the mobile radio 50 is free, switches to that channel (3236>, and sends a channel switching completion report using the downlink control channel). (3237>. Upon receiving this switching completion report (3238>), the mobile radio 50 waits for a dial tone on the specified communication channel (3239).
).

On the other hand, the radio base station 30-1 sends a calling signal to the gateway exchange 20 (S240>. Upon receiving this, the gateway exchange 20 inputs the ID of the mobile radio 50 and the communication quality.
The D identification is stored in the storage unit 24, and the switch group 23, for example 5WI-1, is turned on under the control of the communication path control unit 21 to connect the wireless base station 30-1 to the exchange 11 of the telephone network 10 (S241).

Therefore, a dial tone is sent from the exchange 11 side via the switch group 23 of the barrier exchange 20 (S24
2, Figure 5B).

This dial tone is transferred by the wireless base station 30-1 through channel CH1 (downlink) (3243) and received by the mobile wireless device 50, confirming that a call has been established (S244). The mobile radio 50 sends out a destination dial signal using channel CH1 (upstream) 52.
45), the exchange 11 operates and a call path to the destination on the telephone network 10 is set up (3247>. After that, a call is made (S248>).

When the call is completed, the handset goes on-hook (3
249), the on-hook signal and end-of-call signal are sent to the mobile radio 5.
0 using channel CH1 (upstream) (S
250>. As a result, the wireless base station 30-1 confirms the end of the call (5251) and notifies the gateway exchange 20 of the end of the call.

Therefore, the barrier switch 20 turns off the switch SWI-1 of the switch group 23, and the call ends (S252).
.

(3) Incoming call operation The present invention has been described above regarding the origination of a call from the mobile radio device 50. , the flow of the operation of receiving a call to the mobile radio 5Q will be explained using FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C. Here, among the many radio base stations 30, 30-1 is shown as a representative. For example, a mobile radio device 50 located near a radio base station 30-1, etc.
etc. are on standby on a control channel commonly used by all radio base stations 30.

In FIG. 1A, it is assumed that an incoming call signal addressed to the mobile radio 50 enters the barrier switch 20 from the telephone network 10. It is assumed that the ID identification storage unit 24 in the barrier switch 20 inspects incoming call signals and searches for the ID of the called party, and finds the wireless base station 30 (plurality) whose current location is registered. . Then, the mobile radio device 50 simultaneously sends an incoming call signal to all the radio base stations 30 whose locations are registered via the communication control unit 21 (S271, FIG. 6A).

Each radio base station 30 that received this signal
D identification storage unit 34 (C) is searched and I of the mobile radio device 50 is searched.
When it is confirmed that D is written there, it transmits an incoming call and communication channel designation request signal to the mobile radio device 50 using the downlink control channel, and transmits the signal to the mobile radio base station 30-1's I/O.
Add D and send. The mobile radio 150 will be called at substantially the same time using the same operation for other radio base stations 30 (S272>).

On the other hand, this incoming call signal was received by the mobile radio device 50 on standby on the control channel, and the quality of the received signal and the content of the signal were searched, and it was confirmed that the incoming call signal was addressed to the mobile radio device 50 itself. After that (S273>, the mobile radio 50 selects each radio base station 30-1 in consideration of the nearby call traffic state).
．． 30-2°..., 30-n, and uses the uplink control channel to communicate with the wireless base station 3.
0-1°30-2.・, Send to 30-n (32
74>. At the same time, each synthesizer 55-1, 55-2 and 56- in the own mobile radio 50 (FIG. 1B)
1.56-2. ..., 56-n and selector switch 64-
1.64-2 and the reception and transmission switching controllers 65C and 67C are operated, for example, communication channel CH1 (for wireless base station 30-1), communication channel CH2 (for wireless base station 30-2), . . . ....

The communication channel n (for wireless base station 30-n) is brought into a state in which transmission and reception are possible. Each radio base station 30-1 to 30-n that received the uplink control channel of the mobile radio 50b1 etc.
Now, the quality of the received signal is inspected and the transmitting mobile radio device 5
0 is confirmed (3275), and an incoming call response signal is sent to the barrier switch 20 (S276>).

This incoming call response signal to the gateway exchange 20 also includes a signal to the switch group 23 for setting a communication path. When this incoming call response signal is received, the barrier exchange @20
It is confirmed whether the ID of the mobile radio device 50 is already stored in the ID identification storage unit 24, and if it is not stored, the ID is stored together with the quality inspection data of the radio base station 30-1.
D is registered in the identification storage unit 24 (3277>), and a response confirmation signal including the stored ID is sent to the wireless base station 30-1 etc. (3278>).

Upon receiving this response confirmation signal, the radio base station 30-1 confirms that the ID of the mobile radio 50 has been correctly registered (5279), and checks whether the channel specified by the mobile radio 50 is free. Please consider whether or not to switch.
280, FIG. 6B), and sends the resulting switching approval/disapproval signal to the mobile radio t150 on the downlink control channel (3
281).

This switching approval/disapproval signal is received (S282> If the mobile radio 50 does not approve switching of the specified channel because there are no free channels (3283NO))
, returns to step 5274 and specifies another communication channel (3274>. If the specified channel is an empty channel and switching is approved (S283YES)
), switches to that channel, and sends a channel switching completion report using the uplink control channel (3284>).

Confirmed that the channel was switched to a free channel (3285
>The wireless base station 30-1 switches to this channel and
A channel switching completion signal is sent to the barrier exchange [120] (3286).

When the gateway exchange 1fi 20 receives the channel switching completion signal, it operates the communication path control unit 21 and turns on, for example, 5W1-1 of the switch group 23, in order to set up a communication path to the telephone network 10 via the exchange 11. and wireless base station 3
0-1 and the telephone network 10 (3287>. Then, a calling signal is sent from the telephone network 10 side via the barrier exchange 820 (S288, FIG. 6C), and this is sent to the wireless base station 3.
0-1 (3289>).Then, a calling bell signal is sent on the set communication channel CH1, and the mobile radio 5
0, a ring tone is generated (S291>).

When the handset on the mobile radio 50 side is lifted (off hook) due to this ringing tone (S292>, channel C
An off-hook signal is sent at HI, and the wireless base station 30-
1 (S293>), received by the gateway exchange 20 (3294>), and a call is started between the telephone network 10 and the mobile radio 150 (3295).

When the call ends, the handset is put down, and an on-hook signal and a call end signal are sent to the wireless base station 30-1 via channel CI-fl (3296>, and the wireless base station 30-1 confirms the end of the call. , transfer this signal (3297>).

Upon receiving the on-hook signal and the call termination signal, the barrier switch 20 operates the call path control unit 21 and turns off 5W1-1 of the switch group 23 to terminate the call (3298>).

In the above explanation, even in a system in which the control transceiver installed in the radio base station 30-1 is diverted to a communication channel, the method of repeatedly switching the transmission and reception channels in time as explained in the configuration of the mobile radio device is also applicable. Therefore, even if the mobile radio is already communicating with a third mobile radio, it is possible to communicate with a newly incoming mobile radio using the control channel (see FIG. 1E).

In the systems exemplified in (2) call operation and (3) @call operation, which have already been explained, the wireless channels are clearly separated into a wireless channel dedicated to control and a wireless channel dedicated to calls. Ta. However, in some actual systems, this distinction is not clear. In such a system, it is possible to use a specific communication channel as the control channel described above and perform the same operation.

Next, mobile radio device 5 moving at high speed within the service area.
6D describes the flow of operations when there is an incoming call at 0 (standby).
This will be explained using FIGS. 6E, 6F, and 6G.

The barrier switch 20 receives the incoming call signal from the telephone network 10 (
S301, FIG. 6D), searches the ID identification storage unit 24 and
．． After confirming that it is in state L, the call path control unit 21 sends a paging signal to the mobile radio device 50 waiting on the control channel (Cl-1>) via the paging-only radio base station 17.
(S303.3304). The mobile radio device 50 that receives this signal hangs off the receiver (
3305〉. Then, using the uplink control channel, the ID of the mobile radio 50 and a signal indicating that transmission of the location registration signal is being stopped from the ID roam area information verification storage unit 54 are added to A signal requesting the base station 30 to report the status of empty channels is sent (S306).

On the other hand, among the wireless base stations 30 in the vicinity, the wireless base station that successfully received the above signal, for example 30-1, found that when the content of the signal was inspected, it was found that the mobile radio @5 whose location registration was stopped was detected.
Since it is confirmed that the ID is 0 (S307), the ID of the own wireless base station 30-1 is added to these signals and reported to the gateway exchange 20 (3308, FIG. 6E).

The gateway exchange 20 that receives this signal stores the ID identification information.
The n section 24 is searched (3309). As a result, it was confirmed that the mobile radio TA 50 is currently suspending location registration and there is an incoming call, so the radio base station 30-
An incoming call signal is sent to (plural) addresses such as 1 (S310).

The radio base station 30-1 that received this signal inspects the contents of the signal and confirms that the mobile radio is receiving an incoming call addressed to 50, so it uses the ID of its own radio base station 30-1 and an empty channel. , and sends an incoming call signal to the mobile radio device 50 (S311). The mobile radio device 50 receives this signal (5312), compares it with signals sent from other sources, determines the communication channel to be used and the radio base station 30 to communicate with, and transmits the signal to each radio base station that has transmitted the signal. 30 is notified of this decision (8313).

The following operation is the same as the above-described call receiving operation using each radio base station 30 of the microcell from the beginning, and the same operation as shown in step 8275 and subsequent steps in FIG. 6A is performed.

The calling-only radio base station 17 described above is used for purposes other than calling the mobile radio device 50 whose location registration is stopped, as described below. In other words, for the mobile radio device 50 whose location is registered in the ID identification storage section 24 of the barrier switch 20,
This is a case where there is no response from the mobile radio device 50 even though the radio base station 30 in charge of the microcell sends out an incoming call signal. In this case, an incoming call signal is sent out via the calling radio base station 17 at a certain timing. When there is a response from the mobile radio device 50, the operation is the same as that described above.

(4) Application of diversity during low traffic times Due to the calling/receiving operations as explained in sections (2) and (3), general telephone mA and mobile radio equipment 50 within the telephone network 10
Suppose that communication has started between two mobile radios (or between two mobile radios in the system).

In this case, the number of radio base stations 30 with which the mobile radio device 50 communicates is 1.
and the communication traffic state within the system, at least the traffic state in the vicinity of the mobile radio device 50, is as follows:
Assume that it is not the busy hour, that is, the busiest time (this can be similarly implemented even when the number of wireless base stations 30 is two or more).

Then, the mobile radio device 50 starts preparing to perform diversity transmission and reception. Therefore, the control unit 5B in the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B sends an operation start command signal to each of the transmission switching controller 67G and the reception switching controller 65G, and also sends an operation start command signal to the currently working synthesizer 55-
1 and 56-1, synthesizers 55-n and 5
6-n is requested to find a frequency so that the control channel CH30 can transmit and receive data. At the same time, the control unit 58 starts sending control signals to the wireless transmission circuit 66. This control signal includes the ID of the mobile radio device 50, the type of communication (type of voice, data, etc.), and the channel number currently in use, and is transmitted to the surrounding wireless base station 30 that is not currently in communication. request to start the diversity transmission/reception operation. However, the above conditions for the radio base station 30 are such that if the radio base station 30 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 1E, FIG. 1F, or FIG. 1G,
This condition can be relaxed because it is possible to talk to a new mobile radio even if the user is currently communicating with a third party's mobile radio.

As a result of the above operation, the output of the transmission mixer 61 between the mobile radios 0 receives the transmission on the control channel Cl-150 in addition to the channel CH1 currently in communication, while the reception mixer 63 receives the output of the control channel Cl-150. In addition to receiving the communication channel CH1, it is also possible to receive the control channel. This is explained in detail in the operation of channel switching during a call in section (5).

The control signal transmitted from the mobile radio device 50 is sent to a plurality of nearby radio base stations 30-2, 30-3.・
..., 30-n. Then, the radio base station 30-2, which is one of them, inspects the quality of the received signal and the content of the signal, and finds that the quality of the signal received from the mobile radio device 50 is above a certain value, and immediately starts communication. When it is determined that the quality will not deteriorate and there is no possibility of interference occurring, the transmitting mobile radio 50 will receive the ID of its own radio base station 30-2 and the usable radio channel number (
For example, a control signal including CH2> etc. is transmitted to the mobile radio device 50 to report that diversity transmission/reception is possible.

This signal is received by the radio receiving circuit 68 of the mobile radio device 50 and transmitted to the control section 58. The control unit 5 that received this
8, as a result of examining the signals sent from the wireless base 830-2, it is determined that it is appropriate to perform diversity transmission and reception, and the synthesizers 55-2 and 56-2 are instructed to wirelessly communicate on channel CH2. In order to initiate communication with base station 30-2, generation of a local excavation frequency is requested.

In addition, to the wireless base station 30-2, the call path control unit 21 in the barrier exchange 1120 operates the switch group 23 to send the currently communicating call signal to the wireless base station 30-2 in parallel. request.

Upon receiving this request, the gateway switch 20 sends the wireless base station 30
In accordance with the request of -2, audio signals, that is, audio signals from general telephones, are transmitted not only to the wireless base station 30-1 but also to the wireless base station 30-1.
Start sending the same signal to -2.

The radio base station 30-2 that has received this audio signal adds the ID of its own radio base station 30-2 to the mobile radio device 50 and sends it out on the radio channel CH2. - On the other hand, since the mobile radio device 50 is in a state where it is possible to receive the radio channel CH2, the communication quality monitoring unit 57 inspects the output of the radio reception circuit 68 that received this signal, and if the quality is good. For example, the voice signal is transmitted to the telephone section 59, and the control signal is transmitted to the control section 58.

By performing the above operations, mobile radio device 50 enters a diversity transmission/reception state with radio base stations 30-1 and 30-2.

The diversity transmission/reception implementation request signal transmitted from the mobile radio device 50 described above to the radio base station 30 in its vicinity is transmitted to the radio base station 3 (radio stations 30-3 other than 1-2).
．． 30-4. −． 30-n also receives the signal in the same way, and among these radio base stations that meet the conditions, it is inevitable that the same response signal as 30-1 is transmitted to the mobile radio device 50.

Therefore, in the control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 or the barrier switch 20, when it is desired to perform diversity transmission/reception with an even larger number of radio base stations, the control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 or the gateway exchange When the same operations as those for city transmission/reception are performed and all operations work normally, diversity transmission/reception is started with, for example, the wireless base station 30-3.

Thereafter, by the same operation as described above, the radio base station 30- which is closest to the mobile radio device 50, is not currently communicating, and whose communication quality satisfies a certain standard required for the system or higher.
3.30-4. . . , 30-n, diversity transmission and reception is similarly started. The multiplicity of diversity is the number of wireless base stations 30 that can communicate or the number of multiplicities that can be simultaneously transmitted and received in the mobile radio device 50, that is, in the case of FIG. 1B, the synthesizer 55
It depends on the number of n from -1 to 55-n or 56-1 to 56-n.

Furthermore, although the above explanation assumes that the call traffic within the system is not busy, the traffic status is measured at each wireless base station 30 or mobile wireless device 50.
When 1 to 3000 stations are widened one after another, restrictions are sequentially imposed on the multiplicity of diversity, and at the busiest time, the state shifts to multiplicity 1, that is, no diversity. However, the type of communication being communicated (
By differentiating the reduction of multiplicity depending on voice, data, facsimile, etc., it becomes possible to perform systematic processing such as making broadband communication less susceptible to multiplicity restrictions, thereby ensuring good performance regardless of the type of communication. The present invention has features such as being able to secure communication.

(5) Explanation and theoretical basis for channel switching during a call and the diversity effect n-1 radio base stations 30 and one mobile radio device 50 are communicating using n-1 channels. During the process, the quality of communication on a certain channel is constantff1i
In the following cases, in order to switch to another channel (new channel) and communicate with another wireless base station 30 that satisfies a certain communication quality and is not currently communicating, , the switching receiving means and the switching transmitting means are switched at a speed that does not affect the communication signal, and the old channel and the new channel other than the n-2 channels that are continuously being transmitted and received are temporarily transmitted and received in parallel. During this time, investigate the quality of the new channel and confirm that it is above a certain level1
j-, the operation for channel switching is completed, and communication is started using n-1 wireless channels including the new channel. Therefore, instantaneous communication interruptions due to channel switching are no longer caused. In addition, it is now possible to obtain transmitting and receiving diversity effects even when channel switching is not performed.

FIGS. 18 to 1J show system configurations for explaining an example of this operation. This will be explained below with reference to these figures.

The mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) (hereinafter simply abbreviated as 50) has a synthesizer 55-1.55 to 2 degrees..., 5
5-(nl>), the radio receiving circuit 68, and the radio transmitting circuit 66, the radio base station 30-1.30-2.-.30-(
n-1> and communication channels CH1, CI! 2. −, Cl
It is assumed that communication is in progress using -1(n-1). It is assumed that the mobile radio device 50 moves away from the radio base station 30-1 and approaches the radio base station 30-n. Then, as the relative distance between the mobile radio device 50 and the radio base station 30-1 increases, the call quality begins to deteriorate, and the communication quality monitoring unit 56 of the mobile radio device 50 detects this (levelt 1). ). Note that even at level L1, the line is set so that it goes around the required value.

The mobile radio 50 requests all radio base stations 30 in the vicinity to measure the quality of the signals transmitted by the mobile radio 50. In response to this request, each radio base station 30 that is not currently communicating with the mobile radio device 50 reports the measured value to the mobile radio device 50.

In this case, the signal transmitted from the transmitting antenna of the own mobile radio device 50 is transmitted from the radio base station 30-1, 30-2, . −．
30- While continuously transmitting a call signal addressed to (n-1), uplink (from mobile radio 50 to radio base station 30)
Base station 30-1.30 via control channel (CH50)
-2. ..., if the reception condition is good for the wireless base station (for example, 3O-n) in the vicinity of 3O-(n-1>),
A request is made to respond using the downlink (from the radio base station 30 to the mobile radio device 50) control channel (CH50).

The contents of the control signal sent from the mobile radio device 50 include the signals shown below.

i) ID of the mobile radio 50.

ii) Partner wireless base station 30-1.30 currently being called
-2. −． 3O-(n-1> ID and reception quality.

1ii) Channel number currently in use.

iv) Type of communication (N talk, FAX, data, etc.).

■) Service type.

A control signal including such content is received by a plurality of nearby wireless base stations 30.

That is, except when communicating with another mobile radio, these radio base stations 30 are on standby for reception on a control channel determined by each system (for example, CH30>), and each radio It is received by the base station 30. At the same time, the communication quality monitoring section 36 installed in each radio base station 30 that receives the communication quality is inspected, and if the quality is above a certain level, the communication quality is checked. ID to wireless base station 3
0 in the ID identification storage unit 34 and the control unit 3
Notify 8. The contents of this notification include the following:

a) ID of the mobile radio device 50 that sent the message.

b) The partner wireless base station 30-1, 30-2. with which the mobile wireless device 50 is currently communicating. −． 30- (n-1) I
D.

C) Channel number in use.

d) Type of communication.

e) Reception status (S/N or C/N (carrier-to-noise ratio) or average bit error rate in the case of digital signals).

f) Service type.

Upon receiving this signal, the control unit 38 inspects the contents and
A communicable empty channel stored in the own radio base station 30-n is searched. As a result, if the mobile radio device 50 determines that there is an empty channel that satisfies the type of service desired and that the required communication quality can be secured for a certain period of time even after channel switching, the mobile radio device 50 3
It is decided to notify the mobile radio device 50 of the reception status from 0-n. To do this, first, the mobile radio transmits its own ID to the communication path control unit 21 of the gateway exchange 20! 1150 and the other wireless base station 30-1.30-2. ..., 3O-(n-1>I
D etc., and the switch 5W1-1 of the switch group 23
．． 1-2.1-n are turned on at the same time, and the wireless base station 30-1.30-2 is also turned on for the wireless base station 30-n.
．． ..., 3O-(n-1> (hereinafter abbreviated as 30-1, etc.) requests the transmission of the same call signal. However, as will be explained later, this operation depends on the signal used in the wireless transmission path. If the modulation format is an amplitude modulated wave, or if the frequency modulation is shallow modulation, it can be omitted.

Next, the wireless base station 30-1 for the wireless base station 30-n
Regarding the transmission timing of the call signal in response to the same call signal transmission request, etc., the timing of transmission is determined depending on the receiving state of e). In other words, the reception condition is extremely good,
For example, if C/N=40dB or higher, transmit immediately,
When C/N is -39 to 30 dB, after 2 seconds, C/N = 29
The timing of the reply is determined according to the received C/N value according to the procedure established within the system so that it is sent after a certain period of time, such as after 4 seconds when the C/N is ~20 dB and after 6 seconds when the C/N is 19 to 15. are transmitted to the mobile radio device 50 with different numbers. The reason for this timing is that other wireless base stations 3
This is to prevent interference caused by the simultaneous transmission of control signals with 0 and to make it easier for the mobile radio device 50 that receives the control signal to select a radio base station 30-n etc. with a good reception condition.

Now, the signal transmitted from the radio base station 30-n to the mobile radio device 50 includes the following contents.

1] Call signal: A downlink call signal (from a telephone in the telephone network 10 to the mobile radio 50) obtained from the barrier switch 20.

This is a change from the current wireless base station 30-1 etc. to the mobile wireless device 5.
It is exactly the same as the call signal being sent to 0. Further, the modulation level of the signal wave performed by the modulator included in the transmitting section 31 of the wireless base station 30-n is also set to be the same as in the case of the wireless base station 7430-1 and the like.

2 Control signals: This includes the following signals.

2-1) ID of mobile radio device 50 received by own radio base station 30-n.

2-2) ID of own wireless base station 30-n.

2-3) A communication channel number that can be used by the own radio base station 30-n (without interference) and matches the service distinction and type of communication.

2-4) Reception status (reception C/N value, etc.).

The control signal containing such information transmitted by the wireless base station 30-n is received by the mobile wireless device 50.

The control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 has thus obtained information such as the C/N value sent from each radio base station 30-n, etc.
Now, when comparing these multiple pieces of information, wireless base station 3
If it is confirmed that the measurement result of 0-n has the best value and that it satisfies the quality standard level 12 or higher, provided that L2>Ll, the mobile radio device 50 transmits the radio base station 30-
It is determined that the vehicle has approached the vicinity of the communication zone of n (zone n),
Decide to switch channels.

Then, as a result of checking the ID and roam area information collation storage unit 54 to find out which communication channels are available in zone n, it is determined that channel CHn is available for use as notified from the wireless base station 30-n. know. Therefore, using the uplink control channel, the wireless base station 30-
n to perform transmission and reception on channel CHn, and also sends an instruction to the gateway switch 20 via the wireless base station 30-n to the switches 5W1-1 and 5W of the switch group 23.
W1-2,5W1- (in addition to n-1>, SW'1-n
, 30-(
n-1> to start transmitting the same call signal.

In response to these requests, the gateway switch 20 also turns on 5W1-n of the switch group 23, and switches on the wireless base station 30-n.
n starts transmitting a voice signal using communication channel n.

In this case, it goes without saying that the modulation depth of the modulator of the radio base station is also different from that of the other radio base stations 30-2, 30-3. −． 30
-same as n.

In order to realize the transmission of this control signal, specifically, when the control signal is an analog signal, as shown in Fig. 2 (
As shown in a>, the communication channel band is 0.3 to 3.0.
A low frequency f, outside Kl-1z.

(e.g. about 100Hz> or higher frequency f, 1°I
D2. ID3''' ID8 (for example, 8 waves from 3.8KH2 to 4.5KH2 at 0°1KH2 intervals, when n=8) is used.

When there are many items to be controlled, that is, many control data, the control frequency f. The wave number of ~fD8 may be further increased, or a subcarrier format may be used. At this time, for example, f. By applying frequency modulation or amplitude modulation to one or more waves of O'' ID8, more control data can be transmitted.

Furthermore, when a digital data signal is used as a control signal, it is also possible to digitally encode the audio signal and time-division multiplex the two to be transmitted. Do as shown below.

Fig. 3 shows the timing and timing before and after channel switching of this system shown in Fig. 1Δ, Fig. 1B, and Fig. 1C.
Show chart.

In FIG. 3 explaining the channel switching operation, no M
The communication quality monitoring unit 37 of the wireless base station 30-1 or the mobile wireless device 50 indicates that the quality of the channel CH1 used between the base station 30-1 and the mobile wireless device 50 has decreased to a level of 1 or less. ．． Alternatively, the radio base station 57 detects this, and begins preparations to enable parallel reception of transmitted radio waves from the radio base station 30-n on the channel CHn through the process described above.

That is, the control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 controls the synthesizers 55-1.55 to 2. ..., 55- (n
-1>, radio base station 3 by channel CH1
Radio base station 30 with 0-1 transmission wave, channel CH2
-2 transmission wave, . A frequency synthesizer 55 is configured to generate a frequency that can also receive transmission waves of channel CHn transmitted from the station 30-n.
−n.

Thus, due to the quality deterioration of the channel C)-11 being transmitted from the radio base station 30-1, the radio base station 30-1
When communication with wireless base station 3 is about to be stopped,
0-n and channel CHn are started. That is, in the mobile radio IJ50, the reception switching controller 65C
A changeover switch 64- receiving a changeover drive input signal from
Continue the repeated switching of 1.

At the same time, the synthesizer 56-1゜56-
2. . . , 56- (n-1> is operated, and the radio base stations 30-1 to 30-1 are operated using channels CHI to CHn-1.
30-(n-1>), the synthesizer 55-n is also operated, and the state is changed to a state where it can transmit to the wireless base station 30-n using channel CHn. Used for this transmission. Synthesizer 56-1
．． 56-2...

The output of the transmitter 56-n is repeatedly switched by the selector switch 64-2 in accordance with the switching drive input signal from the transmission switching controller 67C.

During this switching transmission/reception period in which channels CH1, CH2, . . . , CHn are transmitted and received in parallel, channel C
Confirmation of Hn and the quality of the same channel are continued until the mobile radio device 50 confirms that the quality of the same channel is a certain level 2 or higher,
After that, channel CH1 is released and radio base station 30-2
．． 30-3. ..., 30-n and the mobile radio 150 are transmitted on channels C)-(2,CH3,...,CH
It continues without interruption only by rl.

The switching frequency f1 of the changeover switches 64-15 and 64-2 during this switching transmission/reception period is set to, for example, 2n times or more the highest frequency included in the signal. This will be explained in detail below.

The optimum value of the switching frequency is determined by considering the following conditions.

1) Modulation format of the signal to be transmitted 2) Signal frequency band to be transmitted 3) Control frequency band to be transmitted 4) Band characteristics of the transmitter/receiver section, especially the band characteristics of the high frequency filter installed at the antenna input end 5) Waveform characteristics of the switching controller 6) Response characteristics of the frequency synthesizer 7) Carrier frequency and number of channels used in the system 8) Radio wave propagation characteristics of the transmission path 9) Transfer from the barrier switch 20 via the wireless base station 30-1 For example, 1) is frequency modulation, 2) is voice 0 for signal
．． 3 to 3.0KHz, 0.3KH2 when using the out-of-band control signal shown in Fig. 2(a) as 3).
below (foo), or 3.8-4.5KHz (f,
1. fD2・fOB>. As a characteristic of 4), the passband width is 16Kl-1z (or 8KHz>,5)
As for the characteristics of 6), the synthesizer should be selected with good response characteristics and output waveforms. Rapid response characteristics are desired.

Items 7) to 9) are items to be considered from the system design perspective, but in the car phone system described as an embodiment of the present invention, item 7) is 900MHz and 600 channels, so the frequency bandwidth used is 15Ml-1z. (or 12
00 channel 15 MHz>, 8) is known in many documents, and 9) is about 0.03 msec.

Considering the above comprehensively, for example, in a car telephone system, the switching frequency of the changeover switch 64-2 of the mobile radio 150 is selected to be about 20XnMH2.

The case of reception will be explained below.

As shown in Figure 2(b), if the audio signal or control signal is digitized, it is appropriate to use a faster frequency as the switching frequency, and a value of about nX20KH7 to 30KH2 is sufficient. .

Also, the channel CH1 seen from the input section of the reception mixer 63
,2,3,・,n-1,rl)lfl transmission frequency as ω1
．． ω2. ..., ω, -1. ω1, also synthesizer 5
5-1.55-2. ..., 55- (n-1>, 55
-n output frequencies, respectively, ω11. ω[2ω,. −
1, ω1. Then, wireless base station 30-1.3O-2-
=, 3O-(n-1), receive mixer 63 from 30-n
The frequencies of the carrier waves at the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier included in are respectively Ω1=ω1−ωL1 (11)Ω2−ω
2-ωL2 (12)Ωn-1=″)n
-1-'')Ln-1n-1Ω.=ω.-ωLn
(1o) That is, by the operation of the changeover switch 64-1, the intermediate frequency is transmitted to the receiver 53 as follows: Ω1=ω1-ωL1 Ω2-ω2-ωL2 Ωn-1-(1)n-1-'Ln-1 Ω=ω - signal waves having carrier frequencies such as -ω n n Ln are sequentially input. And (11) and (12)...

Equation (1) is Ω la Ω la...〒Ω = Ω (2>1
The relationship is 2n-1n. Such a signal is amplified by the receiving section and then demodulated by the demodulation circuit, but the frequency difference between the n intermediate frequencies ω1 ``Ll ω2-'''L2 ωn-1'' Ln-1 ωn-ω[n If present, distortion noise may or may not occur in the demodulated output signal.In other words, in the case of frequency modulation or phase modulation, no distortion noise will occur if there is no frequency difference, but if there is no frequency difference, distortion noise may or may not occur in the demodulated output signal. If there is, it will occur if the frequency difference (beat frequency) includes the same component as the signal frequency, and will not occur if it does not.

On the other hand, in the case of amplitude modulation, no distortion noise occurs even if there is a frequency difference. However, even in the case of amplitude modulation, if an intermediate frequency amplifier or the like has nonlinear characteristics, nonlinear distortion will occur due to harmonics, so it is necessary to use an amplifier with good linearity.

Reception mixer 63 of mobile radio device 50 as described above
Even if the local oscillation frequencies for CHl, CH2, -, CH,1, and CHn are cyclically received at the input of the ('Theoretically explain how this can be implemented without IF+ contamination and takes advantage of the reception diversity effect.

First, a case where an angle modulated wave is used will be explained.

A data or audio signal (for signals in analog or digital format) can be expressed as:

Also, the control signal that exists outside the band is: where ai is the amplitude, ωi is the angular frequency of the signal,
ai represents the phase when 1=0. m.

n represents a positive integer.

Next, the case of frequency modulation will be explained, but the present invention is similarly applicable to phase modulation. When the carrier wave is frequency-modulated using equation (3) or equations (3) and (4), the resulting modulated wave is: I= I(> sin f (ω0μ(t)) dt=
I□S! n (ωt+5(t)> (
5) Or, I=Iosinf(ω10μ(1)10μ.(t))dt=
I□5in(ωt+5(t)+5o(t))(5') However, m・=a;/ωi (i=1.2.3...n) For simplicity, ai =O(i =1.2.3...n). As a result, 5(t)+5o(t) represents a transmission signal in the form of -intra-membrane.

Now, using equation (5) or (5'), radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. −． 30-(n-1), 30
-n is input to the reception mixer 63 via the antenna of the mobile radio 1150, and the local oscillator output (in the case of FIG. 1B, the synthesizer 55-1.55-2.
..., 55-(n-1>, 55-n>), the input to the receiving section 53 is expressed by equations (1) and (2).
It can be expressed as the following equation using the same symbols as the equation.

(However, the changeover switch 64-1 is in a stopped state).

I−=IoiSin (, Qit 15(t) +SoH
(t))<i=1.2. ..., n) Next, assume that the changeover switch 64-1 starts the changeover operation. In addition, wireless base station 3O-i (i=1.2...
, n), the audio signal s(t) and the control signal S. 1(t
) are sent as inputs to the receiving unit 53 of the mobile radio station 50, I= (101/n) [1
+2,51(n/rr+yr) )xsin (my
r/n) cos mptlxsin (Ω1t+5(t
) +5C1(t) )+ (Io2/n) [1+2
i1(n/mπ)) x sin (mπ/n> xcos mp (t-2yr/ (n p)) cox
sin (Ω2t+sB) +s. 2(t)) 10(IQ
3/n ) [1+2Σ(n/mπ)) m=1 xsin (myr/n) xcos mp (t-4yr/ (rl) ) ]x
sin (Ω3t+5(t) +5o3(t) )+・
...... Ten (I□n/n>[1+2Σ(n/mπ)) m=1 XSin (m7r/n> xcos mp (t -2(n-1) yr/ (n
o) ) ]xsin (Ωnt+5(t) +5o
o(t)) However, p is the switching angular frequency, m is a positive odd number, and the switching times for n input waves are set at equal intervals.

When the right side of equation (7) is transformed, it becomes the following equation.

1 = (I01/n) [sin (Ω1 t
−+IJ1 ([) )+(π/n) sin(π/n) x[cos((ΩID) t+LJ1(1))−c
os ((Ω1+p)t+U1(t)) ]+(37T
/n＞sin (37r/n)x[cos((Ω1−
3p) t+U1(t))-cos((Ω +3p) t
+IJ1 (t) )]] +(5π/n) sin (5x/n>x[cos((Ω1-5ρ> t+U1(t))-co
s((Ω1+5 p)i+U1 m) ]+...
・・ ]+ (I02/n
) [sin (Ω2 t+U2 (t) )+(π/
n) sin(π/n> x[cos((Ω2-p) t+U,, (t) )-
cos((Ω2 +p) t+U2 (t) ) ]+
(3π/n) sin (3π/n) x [cos((
Ω2 ap> t+U2(t))−cos((Ω2
+3p)↑+U2(t)) ]]+5yr/n) sin
(5π/rl) x [cos ((Ω2 5p) t+U
2 (j) )-cos((Ω2+5ρ) 'j+LJ
2 (t) ) E+・・・・・・
]+ (Ion/n> [Sin (
Ωnt+Un(t))+(π/n) sin(π/n> X[C03((Ωn p) t +U n (t)
)−cos((Ω,+p)t+U,(1))]+(
3π/n) sin (37r/n>x[cos((Ω
. -3p)t+U,(t))-cos((Ω.+3p)
t+U, (t))]+(5π/n) sin (5yr
/n)x[cos((Ω,-5D)t+Uo(t))-
cos((Ω, +5ri) to 10u, (1))]+...
・・JHowever,
U・(t) =S(t) +5oH(j)<r=1.2
．． ..., n) Here, looking at equation (8), it is a combination of many carrier waves, so if it is demodulated after being amplified with an intermediate frequency amplifier, it will generally be caused by cross modulation (interference). There is a possibility of generating distortion noise.

Furthermore, the amplitude I of the input wave is expressed by equation (8). 1゜I,
..., Ion do not necessarily have the same amplitude, but O? When the time occupancy rate of switching is made equal (duty 10
0/n%), 30
-2 is closer, so it is usually I. 2. Io3
．． ..., Ion is larger. (2) If the sizes of o1°IO2, etc. are different, cross modulation may occur. There are two types of cross-modulation causes: one is due to the combination of many carrier waves as shown in equation (8) above, and the other is due to different IOLs, 102, etc.

Now, regarding the cross-modulation caused by the synthesis of many carrier waves shown in equation (8), the distorted 'j4i sound can be removed by the following method.

That is, there is a method of increasing the switching speed (period) of the changeover switch 64-1 to drive it out of the bandpass characteristic of the intermediate frequency amplifier. However, as already mentioned, in many cases where the switching frequency is set to 2n times or more the highest frequency of the signal, there is no need to make it any faster. By increasing the speed, m = 1 on the right side of equation (7).
As can be seen from equation (8), the term 3゜5... can be ignored in the intermediate frequency amplification stage, and (8)
The formula can be expressed as below.

I = Iol sin (Ω1 t 1 S (t)
+ sol(t) )+ I 02 S! n (Ω2
15(t) +5o2(t) )+...... 1■oosin(Ω.-1]+5(j) 10S., (1
)) In equation (9), Ω = Ω =...Ω -Ω -Ω (10
)1 2 n-1n 5o2(1) =...=Son-1(t) =S
Suppose that it is possible to set o, (t) = 0. actually(
Equation 10) is technically possible by means described below,
As described above, equation (11) holds true if only the control signal is transmitted from the radio base station 30-1 (or only from the radio base station 30-n in the latter half of channel switching). Then, equation (9) can be transformed as follows.

l-101sin (Ωt+5(t) +5o1(t)
”)+(■02+IO3+”””+' 0n)xs
in(Ωt+5(t)> (12)(1
2) When transformed, the equation becomes as shown below.

x cos s (t) ) 1/2 x sin (Ωt + s (t) + β(t))
(13)X ((I01/Io) +cos 5o(
t) ) -1](13') 'n-102+103""""■0n(13'M (13), (13') In formula, Iola< In (14)so
Since (t)<<1 (14'), equation (13) becomes approximately as follows.

1=InSin(Ωt+5(t) 10S.(t)>(1
Looking at Equation 5), this is a switching reception diversity system with n-branch antenna inputs, and as a result of so-called linear synthesis, in which signals are switched and received and then combined directly, the input electric field is low. 1 is ignored and synthesis is performed using an input signal with a high input electric field. Therefore, it has been revealed that the present invention has a receiving diversity effect.

From equation (14), the output of the frequency discrimination circuit (radio receiving circuit 6
8) is expressed by the following equation.

E=d/dt (s(t)+5o(t))=μ(1) 10μ. (1) where μ(1) and μ. (1) is (3) respectively
and (4).

Note that equation (14) is always satisfied in normal mobile communication systems and is not a particularly limiting condition.

It applies deep modulation to the main audio signal compared to the control signal, and shallow modulation to the control signal.Moreover, the depth of modulation added to the audio has recently been reduced to an equivalent tone (1KHz).
If the signal is 3.5 radians (25KHztfR transmission interval and the carrier interval is 12°5KHz, the same <
This is because it is shallower (1.75 radians).

Hereinafter, it will be explained that it is technically possible for the wireless base station 30, while communicating with a certain mobile wireless device 50, to receive a calling signal from another nearby mobile wireless device 50n. At this time, the received signal to the radio base station 30 is expressed as n=
2, that is, 2-wave input, as shown below.

1 = Iol sin (Ω1t+5(t) +5o
1(t) )+I 02 sin (Ω2 t+s.

2(t) ) (9') where the first term on the right side of equation 9' is the mobile radio device 5
The second term also represents the input signal from the mobile radio 50n.

In equation (9'), Ω1=Ω2 (10')Io1=I
Assuming that g, 2=Io (10''), equation (9') can be rewritten as follows.

I = I□ [2+2cos S (j) + So
lm-5゜2(t) ]1/2 xsin (Ωt + s (t) + φ(t)) where φ(1)=tan, 1 [sin (S (j) +
5o1(i)-5o2(t) ) ] X [1+c
os (S (i)±s.1(t) −8o2(t)
)] Transforming the above formula, I=2 I□ cos ((s(t) +5o1(t)
-5゜2(t))/2) xsin (Ω(t) +sm +(sol(t)-8
゜2(t) )/2) (15'>(15')
In the equation, (s(t) + (sol(t) -5C2(t)/2) <π/2 In other words, if the maximum modulation depth is shallow and less than π/2, equation (15') is the demodulation Letting the output be Eo, E = d/dt (s(t
) + (sol(t)〇−8゜2(t))/2) 1 μ(1) 10 μ. 1(1)-μ. 2(t)(16') That is, it can be seen that if the frequencies used for the control signals sent from the two mobile radio devices 50 and 50n are made different, the signals being communicated can be extracted separately without distortion.

Now, returning to the main topic, the frequency modulated n9 mentioned above
] The no-distortion condition for the received signal is given by equation (10) and (
It was revealed that Equation 14) is a sufficient condition. The technical conditions for establishing equation (10) will be described below.

Technically, to do this, the radio base station 30-1.30
-2. . , 30-n transmitting units 31-1, 31-2.・
..., 31-n is achieved by increasing the frequency stability of the reference crystal oscillator which determines the stability of the carrier frequency. For example, in the example of the car telephone system described later, the stability of the reference crystal oscillator installed in the base station is currently 0.
5~IpC) m (0,5~1XIO'), so the frequency fluctuation of the carrier wave is 1xlO'x 900M1lz
= 900Hz.

In this case, noise is just mixed into the audio signal band.

However, if 0.01 ppm is now possible due to technological advances, then 1x 10'x 900MHz =
Even if the frequency is 9 Hz and harmonics of the noise are rare, there is less possibility that the large energy will mix into the signal band. Alternatively, in a wireless system using a carrier wave frequency of 9Ml-IZ, a carrier wave fluctuation of 1DDm will not introduce noise even with the current technology.

The case where the mobile radio device 50 receives is explained above, but the case where the mobile radio device 50 transmits will be explained next.

In FIG. 1B, the wireless signals switched by the changeover switch 64-2 are, for example, wireless channels CH1, CH2,
-, C)-1n are sequentially switched, but the receiving side is the radio base station 30-1 (CHl).

3O-2 (CI-12>, ..., or wireless base station 3
0-n (CHn) and are received separately on mobile radio 50.
There is no cross-modulation problem when mixed as in the case of receiving at the side. However, as is clear from equation 8), there are components of the carrier angular frequency (Ω±np) as sidebands, so these are emitted into space and interfere with the communication of other channels or other systems. It is necessary to provide a bandpass filter at the transmission output section for filtering so as not to cause any interference.

For this purpose, it is necessary to spread the equation (Ω±np) outside the frequencies of all channels transmitted by the mobile radio 50 as a switching frequency, and the car telephone system shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B used in the example Then, p/(27r)>15xnMH
It is necessary to make it z.

This will be explained below using formulas. However, the characters used in the formula are the same as above unless otherwise specified. for example,
The transmission signal appearing at the output of the transmission mixer 61 in FIG. 11 is expressed by the following equation.

1= I□ [1+2 Fl(n/mπ〉)xsin
(mπ/n)cosmpt]xsin (Ω1' i
+ 5(1)+5o(t) )+ I□ [1+2
Fl(n/mπ)) x sin (mπ/n> xcos mp (t-2yr/ (n p)) ]
xsin (Ω2 15(t)+5o(t))+I□
[1+2 F, (n/myr> )xsin (
mπ/n> xcos mp (t-4π/(np))] xsin
(Ω3t+5(t)+5o(t))+...+I□ [1+2 YLl(n/mπ))xsin
(mπ/n) xcos mp (t-2(n-1) yr/ (np
) )xsin (Ω t+5(t)+5o(t))m
=1.2,5. ...... However, p is the switching angular frequency, m is a positive odd number, and n1l
The switching times for the input waves of p were set at equal intervals.

When equation (13) is transformed, an equation similar to equation (8) is obtained. Then, when the obtained equation is passed through a bandpass filter having the function as described above, the following equation is obtained as an output signal.

J=)sin(Ω1t+5(t)+5o(t))+I□
5in(Ω2 t+5(t) ±s.(t) )+...
...+Iosin(Ωnt+5(t)+5o(t)) In the above equation, the first term on the right side is for the wireless base station 30-1, the second term is for the wireless base station 30-2, and the first term below is for the wireless base station 30-1. It is aimed at
Each signal exhibits the same mathematical formula as in normal frequency modulation transmission.

The uplink signal of channel CH1 is transmitted from the radio base station 30-1.
．． The upstream signal of channel CH2 is received by 30-2, and the upstream signal of channel CHn is received by 30-n. These received signals are demodulated and transmitted to necessary devices such as the barrier switch 20.

Alternatively, the wireless base station 30-1
In the case of having the configuration shown in the figure, the uplink signal of channel CH1 is sent to the transceiver 90-1 of the radio base station 30-1. Channel C
The upstream signal of H2 is sent to the transmitter/receiver 90-2 of the same 30-1. In the following order, the upstream signal of channel CHn is transmitted and received by 30-1.
After being received and demodulated by J90-n, the signals may be mixed and transmitted to a necessary device such as the barrier switch 20.

As is clear from the above description, by using the multiplex transmission method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a signal diversity effect in the receiving section.

In the barrier switch 20, the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2.
. . , 30-n, the audio signals are transmitted to the radio base stations 30-1, 30-2 . ..., 3
Mix signals from 0-n. When mixing, the signals from the radio base stations 30-2, 30-3°..., 30-n have better transmission quality than the signals from 30-1, so they can be mixed as is, or the S/N may be mixed with an output proportional to .

In other words, a reception diversity effect is obtained.

The transmitting/receiving diversity effect of the present invention has been described above, and a method for increasing the effect will be described in detail below.

First, regarding reception diversity, in the sequential switching method described above, each synthesizer 55- of the changeover switch 64-1
1.55-2. ..., 55-n have the same connection duration (duty time). However, this is not always necessary, and the diversity effect will increase if the wireless channel is connected for a relatively long time to a radio channel that provides a reception input with a good S/N ratio. For this purpose, a part of the reception section is synchronized with the changeover switch 64-1, detects the signal-to-noise ratio at that time, and transmits this to the control section 58, thereby changing the frequency of the output of the reception switching controller 65C. This makes it possible to achieve the above objectives. This is also possible with the configuration shown in Figure 1B, but
In order to facilitate technical explanation, the configuration shown in FIG. 1H will be explained below.

The difference in this figure from FIG. 1B is that the radio receiving circuit 68
Apart from this, a C/N measurement receiving section 52, a receiving mixer 73,
and a changeover switch 64-3 are installed, and a changeover switch 64-3 is installed.
The control of 4-3 is performed by the control section 58B. The operation shown in FIG. 1H will be explained below.

In the figure, a reception mixer 73 is installed at the front stage to operate the C/N measuring reception section 52. A part of the reception signal received by mobile radio 50B is added to reception mixer 73. The output from the changeover switch 64-3 is added as the local oscillation frequency to the reception mixer 73. However, this changeover switch 64-3 does not need to be switched at a high speed like the other changeover switches 64-1 and 64-2, and a low speed of about 10H2, for example, is sufficient.

When the selector switch 64-3 is in the position to turn on the output of the synthesizer 55-1, the C/N measurement receiving section 5
The control unit 58B controls the C/N value of channel CH1 measured in step 2.
to communicate. Next, when the selector switch 64-3 is in a position to turn on the output of the synthesizer 55-2, the C/N of the channel CH2 is measured. Synthesizer 55 in the following categories
- When in position to turn on output of n, channel CH
The C/N of n is measured and transmitted to the control unit 58B. The control unit 58B uses these values to control the switching frequencies of the reception switching controller 65C and the transmission switching controller 67C so that they each operate at a speed inversely proportional to the C/N, for example.

In order to enable the above operation, it is necessary to make some changes to the method of transmitting signals from each of the radio base stations 30, which will be explained below.

Now, if we reproduce the above equation (9), I=, ΣIo, 5in(Ω, 1 1=1 +sB)+s ・(t)> (9)=1.
2. ..., n) In equation (9), the control signal transmitted from each wireless base station 30 includes the ID of the wireless base station 30, and (above)
To change the duty of the selector switch, use this ID.
is necessary, so we cannot leave it as 5oi=O (i=1.2...,n) like in equation (11) mentioned above. Therefore, in this case (10
) holds true, but the equation corresponding to equation (12) is as follows.

1=, Σ Io, 5in(Ωt 1=1 +5(t)+s ・(t)> (17) In equation (17), each S.1(t) is sufficiently small compared to 1, so (15 ) The following equation is approximately obtained as an equation corresponding to the equation.

i = J Sin (Ωt+5(1), Σ5oi
(t) ) In order to demodulate the signal expressed by equation (18) and extract the control signal transmitted from each radio base station 30, the frequency components of the signals included in s c i (t ) must be different from each other. By doing so, it is possible to filter the signal using a filter.

Therefore, by measuring the C/N of each radio channel, adding the ID of the radio base station 30 that sent the signal, and sending it to the control unit 58B, the control unit 58B measures the C/N for each radio channel, that is, for each radio base station. It becomes possible to determine the duty time for reception (or transmission) every 30 minutes in relation to the C/N value.

In order to achieve the above effects with the configuration shown in FIG. 1B, the receiving section 53 shown in FIG. ...
, 30-n, the control signal 5(1(j)
, 5(2(j)..., So, (t)), each of which is equipped with communication quality monitoring means such as measuring the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, this measured value is reported to the control unit 58,
The changeover switch 64-1 may be operated with a switching duty according to the signal-to-noise ratio.

By operating the receiving section 53 of the mobile radio device 50 as detailed above, it is possible to increase the transmitting and receiving diversity effect.

Next, a method for further increasing the reception diversity effect will be explained. FIG. 11 shows the mobile radio device 5 in this case.
An example of the configuration of 0G is shown.

In FIG. 11, the input radio wave (input signal) to the mobile drone 50C is divided into n+1 equal parts at the antenna input section, and each is divided into radio reception circuits 68-1.68-2°..., 68-n and interference interference. It arrives at the detector 62. Each radio receiving circuit 6
8-1 to 68-n, each receive mixer 63-1.
63-2. ..., 63-n, receiving section 53-1.53-
2. ..., 53-n, and each of the reception mixers 53-1 to 53-n is equipped with a synthesizer 55-n.
1.55-2. ..., the local oscillation frequency from 55-n is input. Therefore, in the configuration shown in FIG. 11, there is no reception selector switch 64-1, and the wireless channels CH1 and
It is possible to receive and demodulate the signals of CH2, . . . , CHn.

Moreover, the output signals of these receiving sections 53-1 to 53-n are as follows.
A part is sent to the control unit 58C, and a part is sent to the communication quality monitoring unit 58C.
7-1.57-2. . . , 57-n, the communication quality of each wireless channel is monitored, and the results are sent to the control unit 5.
8C, and the outputs of the receiving sections 53-1 to 53-n are sent to the signal mixing circuit 62, where they undergo processing similar to that of a normal diversity receiver (in this case, synthesis after detection). and is sent to the telephone section 59.

By adopting the circuit configuration as shown in FIG. 11, it is possible to obtain a large diversity effect.

As is clear from the above description, the operation of the present invention is to predict the frequency shift after switching to a new communication channel by measuring the transmission frequency of the mobile radio device 50 at the radio base station 30, and to predict the frequency shift after switching to a new communication channel. By setting and using the transmission channel of the wireless base station that communicates after channel switching at an appropriate frequency, the system eliminates noise caused by call interruptions and cross-modulation that occur due to channel switching.

Next, the method of using the control signal, which plays an important role in channel switching during a call according to the present invention, will be explained.

In the following description, it is assumed that the configuration shown in FIG. 1B is used.

Wireless base station 30-1.30-2. −． 30-n to the mobile radio v150 using channels CH1, CH2, . . . , CHn will be described.

When the aforementioned channel switching preparation operation is completed, the radio receiving circuit 68 of the mobile radio device 50 receives the radio base station 30-1.3.
0-2. −． Channels CH1, CH2, from 30-n
. . . is transmitted as a call signal of CHn, which is sequentially switched by the changeover switch 64-1 in the mobile radio device 50.
Switched reception is received.

Furthermore, since the changeover switch 64-2 also starts operating, the transmission wave from the mobile radio device 50 also starts to be switched and transmitted.

Here, from the barrier switch 20 to each wireless base station 30-1 to 30-3,
0-n to the mobile radio 150 (1
(within 0KIn), the delay time difference is at most 0.03
Since it is less than milliseconds, there is no problem with the operation and it can be ignored. Also, wireless base stations 30-2, 30-3.
・The downlink signal from 30-(n-1) may contain only an audio signal, or the downlink signal from wireless base stations 30-1 and 30-n may include a control signal (wireless base station) in addition to the audio signal. An identification signal for identifying the stations 30-1 and 30-n,
Since the switching command signal (switching command signal) is inserted in the form of an out-of-band signal as shown in FIG.

The control unit 58 identifies this signal, and under the control of the self-control unit 58, initially a channel switching response signal from the wireless base station 30-1 and a subsequent call signal using the channel CHn from the wireless base station 30-n. Are you sure that the ID signal is being sent and that the signal quality is also good? Therefore, the wireless transmission circuit 6
8 is used outside the band of the uplink communication signal, and this confirmation item is relayed to the gateway exchange 2o via the radio base station 30-n via the communication channel CHn for the radio star strata 30-n.

Since the barrier switch 20 received notification that the downlink communication between the wireless base station 30-n and the mobile wireless device 50 is working well, the communication path control unit 21 switches the switch 5WI- of the switch group 23. 1, 1-2,...

Among 1-n, only 5W1-1 is turned off. - On the other hand, the mobile radio 50 instructs the radio base station 30-1 to stop transmitting to the synthesizer 55-1 of the mobile radio 50.
The operation of the synthesizer 55-2, 55-3. ..., 55-
n to perform a circular switching operation.

These conditions are illustrated in FIG.

Next, from the mobile radio 50, channels CH1 and Cl-12
, -, CHn to the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2.
. . , 30-n will be explained.

In the mobile radio device 50, the reception switching controller 65C and the transmission switching controller 6
7C are activated, and the changeover switches 64-'l and 64-2 are activated, respectively, and the changeover switches 64-'l and 64-2 are activated, respectively.
55-2. ..., the output of 55-n and 56-1.5
6-2. . . , 56-n, and the channels CH1, CH2°, . The signals sent to this active communication channel include, in addition to the communication signal, out-of-band control signals (FIG. 2(a)), the status of the channel used by the mobile radio 50 (channel C) -11, CH2, -, CHn to channels CH2, CH3, .

: colors may be combined) is added.

The uplink signal of channel X channel CH1 received by the radio base station 30-i (i=1.2.-, n) is
The signal is demodulated by the reception unit 53 of the receiver 53, and after it is confirmed that there is no abnormality in the demodulated voice signal or out-of-area signal, the signal is transferred to the barrier exchange 20. The gateway switch 20'r is the wireless base station 30-
1.30-2.・.

Among the n signals from the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2, . . . , 30-n, the audio signals are mixed. In the barrier switch 20, the wireless base station 3
0-1.30-2. . , 30-n, among the n signals from the wireless base stations 30i, 30-2. ..., 30-n
30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, and 30-2. −
．． 3O-nht et al. channels CH1, CH2,...
Confirm that the signal is due to Cl-1n.

The barrier switch 20 confirms that the channel switching operation is proceeding smoothly during the call, and then switches the control unit 38 of the mobile radio 5O to
channel C via the liA base station 30-n.
Hn, communication with the radio base station 30-1 via channel CH1 is stopped, and the radio base stations 30-2, 30-3. −
．． It is reported that it is possible to concentrate on communication with 30-n.

In the mobile radio device 50 that has received this control signal, the self-control unit 58 operates to control the synthesizers 55-1 and 56-.
1, and change the position of the receive channel selection selector switch 64-1 to the position of the synthesizer 55-2, 55-3.
．． . . , 55-n are configured to perform a cyclic switching operation, and the transmission channel selection changeover switch 64-2 includes synthesizers 56-2, 56-3, . ..., 56-n to continue the cyclic switching operation.

As a result, the mobile radio R50 changes to the previous channel CH.
The communication with the radio base station 30-1 using the radio base station 30-2, 30-3. ....

30-n and channels Cl-12 and CH3°, respectively.
. . . enters into a state of communicating using Cl-In. With this, channel switching is completed, and a state in which communication is being performed using the new wireless channel group is realized. The uplink channel and downlink channel switching operations described above are performed in parallel and end at approximately the same time.

As is clear from the above description, there is no momentary interruption during channel switching, and noise can be kept to a low level that poses no problem in practical use.

If a malfunction or non-operation occurs during any of the above operations, the operation must be restarted from the previous operation. In addition, when the operational failure is large, the control unit 58
The device also includes an operation for returning to the communication channel before the switching operation, which is stored in a memory section built into the device.

78 through 7E are flow charts showing the flow of operation of the system shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

Barrier exchange 120. Wireless base station 30-1, 30-2, -
, 30-n and the mobile radio 50 start operating, and the switch 5W1 of the switch group 23 included in the barrier exchange 20
-1.1-2. −． 1-(n-1) is on, and radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. −． 30- (n-1>
Communication is in progress between the mobile radio device 50 and the mobile radio device 50. For this communication, downlink frequencies F1, . F2. ..., Fn-1 and upstream frequency f1. f2. ..., fo-1 is used (310
1, Figure 7A).

Wireless base station 30-1, 30-2. ....

3O-(n-1) constantly issues reception status reports from the mobile radio device 50, and when deterioration in communication quality is discovered, it is immediately reported to the mobile radio device 50 (5102>).

The communication quality monitoring unit 57 of the mobile radio device 50 receives this <5103> and monitors whether the call quality has deteriorated below level L1 (S104). If the call quality has deteriorated below level L1 (S104YES>
, from the control unit 58 to the wireless base stations 30-2, 30-3, . −． 30-n, etc., whereas the wireless base stations 30-1.30-2.30-3. −． 30
- Uplink frequency f1. used for communication between (n-1) and mobile radio 1150. Instructs to monitor and receive signals f2, . . . , fn-1 (S105, 7th B)
figure).

Each surrounding wireless base station 30 that has received an instruction to monitor reception (for example, in 30-n>, monitor reception of the signal of frequency f1 5106) and report the result to the communication quality monitoring unit 57 of the mobile radio 4150 3107. 8108>, the monitor reception quality from each radio base station 30 is measured and compared, and it is detected that, for example, the speech quality of the radio base station 30-n is at a certain standard level or better (S109YES).

If the communication quality is not good (NO in 8109), the process returns to step 3105 and other wireless base stations 30 are made to perform monitor reception.

Therefore, the control unit 58 controls whether the mobile radio device 50 is connected to the radio base station 3 or
It is determined that the wireless base station 30-n has moved from the zone covered by the wireless base station 0-1 to the zone covered by the wireless base station 30-n (8110, FIG. 7C), and the wireless base station 30 -n searches for a free channel that can be used (3111), and as a result, channel CH
Determine n (3112). The control unit 58 instructs the transmitting unit 51-n and the receiving unit 53-n of the mobile radio 150 to prepare for communication on the channel CHn (S1
13).

A communication preparation command for using this channel Cl-In is sent to the radio base station 30-n, and preparations for communication using the channel C1-In are made (S114). mobile radio 8150
prepares to enable communication by channel CHn, that is, receives frequency F from control unit 5B to synthesizers 55-n and 56-n, and receives frequency f.

The reception and transmission switching controllers 65C and 67C enter switching operation (S115, FIG. 7D).

When the radio base station 30-n is ready to communicate using channel CHn, it notifies the mobile radio 50 of the completion of preparation using channel CHn (3116), and at the same time, the radio base station 30-n n is barrier exchange tfi20
In response, a report is issued that communication preparations have been completed between the radio base station 30-n and the mobile radio 50 using channel Cl-In (8116).

When the gateway exchange 20 confirms the completion of communication preparation between the radio base station 30-n and the mobile radio device 50 using the channel CHn (3117), the switch 5 of the switch group 23
Leave WI-1, 1-2, ..., 1-(n-1) on, and turn on switch 5W1-n (3118
). Therefore, the communication path control unit 21 included in the barrier switch 20
reports to the mobile radio device 50 that it is possible to start communication with the mobile radio device 50 using channel CHn (3119).

Upon receiving the communication start possibility report, the radio base station 3Q-n sends a communication start signal to the mobile radio device 50 using channel CHn.
Send it to the addressee (8123). The mobile radio 50 confirms the start of communication using the channel Cl-In using an ID signal which is an identification signal for identifying the radio base station 30-n@3124>, and at the same time, the communication quality monitoring unit 57 of the mobile radio 1150: When the quality level of communication between the mobile radio device 50 and the radio base station 30-n is measured and it is detected that the quality level is equal to or higher than a certain quality level 12 (3125YES, Fig. 7E)
, the radio base station 3 stops the communication that was being performed using the channel CH1 between the radio base station 30-1 and the mobile radio device 50.
0-1 (S126). As a result, the radio base station 30-1 turns off communication using channel CHI (3127>).

When the mobile radio 50 confirms that the communication via channel CH1 has stopped (S129), the operation of the synthesizers 55-1 and 56-1 is stopped, and the changeover switch 64-1 stops switching to the output terminal of the synthesizer 55-1. However, the selector switch 64-2 stops switching to the output terminal of the synthesizer 56-1 (although this operation is not necessarily required).
Then, the channels CH2, CH3, . . . , CHn are operated.

The communication control unit 21 of the gateway exchange 20, which has confirmed that the channel CH1 communication has stopped, controls the switch 5WI-2 of the switch group 23.
, 1-3, -, 1-rN; t is left on, and the switch 5W1-1 is turned off (3128).

This ends the period of channel switching operation, and switches 5W1-2, 1-3 . −． 1-n in the on state, channels CH2, CH3, . . . , Cl-1n downlink frequencies F2, F3. ..., Fo upstream frequency f2, "3.
..., fo, the mobile radio device 50 connects to the radio base station 3.
0-2.30-3. −． 30-n, it is possible to continue high-quality communication without instantaneous disconnection or noise contamination, and with the transmission/reception diversity effect (S13
0).

(6) Estimation of moving direction and speed of mobile radio equipment and communication channel allocation method for traffic congestion countermeasures Mobile radio equipment 5
By measuring and comparing changes in received electric fields or communication quality received by a plurality of radio base stations 30 communicating with mobile radio @ 50, it is possible to detect the traveling direction and speed of mobile radio @ 50.

These will be explained below using FIG. 8.

In FIG. 8, 16 circles each indicate small zones Z1 to Z16 within the service area, and radio base stations 30-1, 30-2, . ..., 30
-16 etc. indicate the areas where communication is possible. The mobile radio device 50 currently communicating is within zone Z6 and is connected to the radio base station 30-2.30-3.30-5.30-
Assume that communication is being performed with seven stations 6.30-7.30-10.30-11 using diversity. Assuming that the mobile radio device 50 is moving in the direction of the arrow in FIG. and these values are collected into the mobile radio 50. By comparing these measurement results, the mobile radio device 50 estimates the moving direction and speed of the mobile radio device 50 using the following method.

First, it can be estimated that the direction of movement is toward the wireless base 8 (30-7 in Figure 8) where the observed input received electric field level changes most rapidly.This is a highly reliable result. In order to obtain For cars 3
By dividing the measurement time into intervals of 10 seconds) and measuring between them, it is possible to eliminate variations in the measured values. In FIG. 8, when the measurement results obtained in this way are expressed in order from the wireless base station 30 with the largest increase in the input electric field, for example, 30-7>30-11>30-3, and the input electric field decreases. If expressed in order from the radio base station 30 with the largest number, it would be as follows: 30-6>30-10>30-2>36-5.

Furthermore, the moving speed can be estimated by comparing it with the radio wave propagation curve obtained from the radio wave propagation characteristics.

By using the above measurement results, the destination of the mobile radio device 50 is estimated, and the communication traffic situation of the wireless base station 30 at the destination is investigated. If the communication traffic is in a congested state, it is determined that the wireless base station 30 is communicating. It becomes possible to reduce the number of radio base stations 30 with which to communicate depending on the type of communication of the mobile radio device 50. Next, when traffic congestion does not span one zone but spans multiple zones, wide-area congestion countermeasures are required. This is a phenomenon that occurs in car phone systems, etc. in the city center of Obekai, and is shown at 30-30 in Figure 8.
6.30-7. and 30-11 are in a traffic congestion state. Application of the present invention in this regard will be explained in detail.

Assume that a mobile radio 5Oa is present in zone Z11, moving in the direction of the arrow, and transmitting a calling signal. This calling signal is collected to the mobile radio 1fi 50a, and the communication channel to be assigned is determined.
-10.30-11゜30-12.30-14.30-
15 etc. is allocated (diaperity transmission and reception is performed). However, if there is heavy traffic in the above three zones (Z6.7.11>), channels 30-6, 30-7 and 30-11 will not be allocated. The radio base station 30 with the best quality is naturally 30-11, but it cannot be assigned for the above reason.If the multiplicity of diversity is the above 4-fold (30-10, 30-12,
0-14°30-15> is insufficient, the mobile radio 50a can estimate the moving direction and moving speed of the own mobile radio 150a, so the mobile radio 50a can estimate the moving direction and moving speed of the own mobile radio 150a. -16 to allocate the channels to be used.

Therefore, although the mobile radio 50a is located in zone Z11, it is located at radio base stations 30-8 and 30- which are slightly far away.
Communication will begin with 16.

By applying the channel allocation described above, it becomes possible to take measures against congestion in areas with high traffic density, which have not been solved using conventional system technology.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above explanation, by applying the present invention to a mobile communication system using a small zone configuration, it is possible to eliminate temporary interruptions when changing zones during a call, as in conventional systems. This problem has been completely eliminated in facsimile signals and data signals due to image quality deterioration and burst signal errors, even if the frequency of channel switching during communication increases. This will improve communication quality by adopting economical transmission and reception diversity, improve frequency efficiency by reducing interference, and make new services using wideband signals technically possible. became. In addition, it is possible to improve communication quality by effectively using wireless equipment during times when traffic is slow, to substantially increase the number of usable channels when traffic increases rapidly in a small zone, or to improve communication quality by effectively using wireless equipment during times when traffic is at its peak. In addition to being able to process location registration signals from mobile radios, it is also possible to effectively specify a communication channel by detecting the moving direction and speed of a moving object, which is economical and allows for the use of frequencies. It has become possible to construct a highly efficient mobile communication system. It is possible to eliminate signal collisions, which are a problem in mobile communication systems with a roughly small zone configuration, and furthermore, by stopping the location registration of mobile radio devices that are moving at high speed, traffic can be significantly reduced. Moreover, by adopting a radio base station exclusively for calling, it has become possible to receive calls, and it has become possible to reliably call mobile radios that are moving at high speed. Therefore, the effects of the present invention are extremely large.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D are system configuration diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1E and 1D are system configuration diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure F is a circuit configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the wireless base station of the present invention, Figure 1G is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the transmitter/receiver, and Figures 1H, 11, and 1J are mobile radio 2 (a> and (b) are spectrum diagrams and circuit configuration diagrams for explaining configuration examples of control signals used in the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing other embodiments of the device. 8 to 1C are timing charts for explaining the operation of the system, FIGS. 4A and 4B are flowcharts showing the flow of the location registration operation of the present invention, and FIGS. 5A and 5B are
6A, 6B and 6C are flowcharts showing the flow of call receiving operations from a mobile radio, and FIGS. 6D and 6E are
6F and 6G are flowcharts showing the flow of call reception operations when a mobile radio is moving at high speed and calls using a calling-only radio base station. FIGS. 7A, 7B, Figures 7C, 7D and 7E
The figures are a flow chart showing the flow of channel switching operations of the system shown in Figs. 1A to 1C; FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a system configuration for explaining an example of a conventional system. 10...Telephone network 11...Switchboard 12...
・Radio line control station 13A-D...Radio base station 14A
-D...Zone 15...Mobile radio 16A-D
. . . Transmission path 17 . . . Call-only radio base station 19. 20 . . . Gateway exchange 21 .
...ID identification storage section 25...Interface section 26...Angle modulator 27...Transmission mixer 28
... Local frequency oscillator 29 ... Transmission power amplifier 30. 30B, 30C. 30-1. ~30-n...Radio base station 31.31-1
~31-n...Transmitter 32...Radio base station control device 33.33-1~33-n...Receiver 34.340,
34-1 to 34-n...ID identification storage unit 35-1 to 35-n, 36-1 to 36-n...Synthesizer 37...Communication quality monitoring unit 38.38B, 38C...Control Section 39...Interface 40.40C...Reference crystal oscillator 41...Transmission mixer 42...Interference detector 43...Reception mixer 45...Reception switching controller 46...Wireless transmission Circuit 47...Transmission switching controller 48...Radio reception circuit 50.50B, 50C...Mobile radio 51...Transmission section 53.53-1 to 53-n...Reception section 54.・・ID
-Roam area information verification storage unit 55-1 to 55-n, 5
6-1 to 56-n...Synthesizer 57...Communication quality monitoring unit 58.58B, 58C, 58D...Control unit 59...
Telephone unit 61.61-1 to 61-n... Transmission mixer 62...
Interference detectors 63.63-1 to 63-n...reception mixer 64-1.
64-2.64-3...Selector switch 65C...Reception switching controller 66.66-1 to 66-n...Radio transmitter circuit 67C.
...Transmission switching controller 68.68-1 to 68-n...Radio receiving circuit 69...
-Mixing circuit 71...Reference crystal oscillator 91...Digital encoding circuit 92...Multiple conversion circuits 93-1 to 93-m...Communication quality monitoring receiver 94.
. . . Control transceiver 96 . . . Antenna sharing devices 71 to 216 . . . Zone.

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) each radio base means each covering a plurality of zones to constitute a service area; a paging-only radio base means each covering a service area covered by each of the plurality of radio base means; When there is a mobile radio means existing within a service area and the mobile radio means sends out a location registration signal containing its own identification information for registering its location, this location registration among the radio base means At least one communicable radio base means that has received a signal in good condition transmits the position to the barrier exchange means connected by a transmission path between each of the radio base means and the paging-only radio base means. The registration signal is transferred, and the barrier exchange means to which the location registration signal is transferred identifies the identification information of the mobile radio means included in the location registration signal and the identification information of the radio base means that can communicate with the mobile radio means. At the same time, the registered information related to the registered identification information is sent back to the mobile radio means via the radio base means, and the mobile radio means that received the reply receives the registered information. If there is an incoming call to the mobile radio means in a state in which information is stored and the radio base means with which communication is possible cannot be specified, the mobile radio means is called via the paging-only radio base means. A communication method for mobile communication characterized by calling. (2) Claim 1, wherein the location registration is changed when the mobile radio means moves from the zone in which the location has been registered and moves to at least one new zone in which the location should be newly registered. Communication method of mobile communication described. (3) The communication method for mobile communication according to claim 2, in which the location registration is not changed when the mobile radio means moves at high speed. (4) When a call is received to the mobile radio means from a telephone of a general telephone network connected via the barrier exchange means or from another mobile radio means located within the service area, Claim 1, wherein the barrier exchange means sends an incoming call signal to the mobile radio means via all the radio base means capable of communicating with the mobile radio means already registered. Communication method for mobile communications. (5) If there is no response from the mobile radio means despite sending an incoming call signal, an incoming call signal is sent to the mobile radio means via the paging-only radio base means at a certain timing. A communication method for mobile communication according to claim 1. (6) each wireless base means each covering a plurality of zones to constitute a service area; and the paging-only wireless base means each covering the service area covered by each of the plurality of wireless base means; A mobile radio means existing within a service area and capable of communicating with the radio base station, each of the radio base means and the call-only radio base means, and a general telephone network are connected, and the mobile radio means and registering identification information of at least one said radio base means that can communicate well with said mobile radio means; canceling the setting of a communication path between said at least one radio base means and said mobile radio means; As the mobile radio means moves, the identification information of the radio base means with which communication is possible is updated and registered, calls are made to and received from the mobile radio means via all the registered radio base means, and the radio base means with which communication is possible is performed. and barrier exchange means for calling the mobile radio means via the calling radio base means when the radio base means with which communication is possible is unknown because the identification information is not updated and registered. A communication system for mobile communications. (7) Each radio base means that covers a plurality of zones to constitute a service area, a call-only radio base means that covers a service area covered by each of the plurality of radio base means, and each of the above-mentioned radio base means. In a mobile communication network including barrier exchange means for connecting the radio base means and a general telephone network, communication can be made between the mobile radio means located within the service area and the radio base means. In order to do so, it is possible to set up and release a communication path between at least one of the radio base means and the mobile radio means, and to change the communication path by communicating with the radio base means that is currently communicating. A communication method for mobile communications. (8) each radio base means each covering a plurality of zones to form a service area; and a paging-only radio base means each covering a service area covered by each of the plurality of radio base means; A mobile radio means that exists within a service area and is capable of communicating with the radio base means, and each of the radio base means and the calling radio base means are connected to a general telephone network, and the mobile radio means If a call is received to the mobile radio means in a state where it is not possible to specify radio base means with which communication is possible, the mobile radio means is called via the calling radio base means, and at least one of the radio base means is called. A barrier exchange for canceling the setting of a communication path between the radio base means and the mobile radio means and adding a communication path with a new communicable radio base means as the mobile radio means moves. A communication system for mobile communication, characterized in that it includes means. (9) Each radio base means that covers a plurality of zones and constitutes a service area, a mobile radio means that exists within the service area and is capable of communicating with the radio base station, and each of the radio connecting the base means and a general telephone network, recording identification information of the mobile radio means and at least one of the radio base means that can communicate well with the mobile radio means; canceling the setting of the communication path with the mobile radio means, recording identification information of the radio base means with which communication is possible as the mobile radio means moves, and communicating through all the registered radio base means; barrier exchange means for making and receiving calls to and from the mobile radio means; and the mobile radio means moves at high speed during communication;
When it is difficult to smoothly cancel the setting of a communication path with the wireless base means, the control signal transmits information for setting up a communication path to the wireless base means by a control signal and covers the plurality of zones. and calling radio base means having a function of calling the mobile radio as a service area.