JP7024996B2 - Monitoring system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a monitoring device and a monitoring system capable of monitoring the state of the road surface and the surface of a structure.

It is important for safety management to monitor the snow accretion and icing conditions on the road surface and runway surface (hereinafter referred to as "road surface"). For the monitoring, a technique for measuring the depth of snow cover by irradiating a laser, a sound wave, or the like from the outside on the road surface to measure the distance is known. In addition, a technique of irradiating electromagnetic waves from the outside to measure the state of snow cover is also known.

However, when implementing the above technology, if a monitoring device is installed on or near the road surface, there is a high possibility that it will cause a traffic obstacle. In addition, installing a monitoring device on or above the runway of the airport affects the safety of aircraft takeoff and landing, so there are major restrictions on the installation.

In Patent Document 1, it is possible to embed in the inside of a road surface or a structure, and it is determined whether or not there is snow or the like (snow, ice, water, volcanic ash, sand, etc.) locally attached to the surface of the road surface or the structure. At the same time, a snow-ice monitoring device capable of monitoring the state regarding the depth and quality of snow cover in detail is disclosed.

By embedding this cryosphere monitoring device inside the runway, it is possible to avoid obstacles to the aircraft. In addition, it is possible to monitor the detailed snow depth and quality of the entire runway while preventing damage due to collision of foreign matter from the outside (Patent Document 1 paragraphs [0011] [0016]. ]).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-170069

As described above, it is very important to monitor the condition of the road surface and the surface of the structure with high accuracy, and a technology capable of improving the accuracy of monitoring is required.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device and a monitoring system capable of monitoring the state of a surface such as a road surface with high accuracy.

In order to achieve the above object, the monitoring device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a transmission member, an emission unit, and a detection unit.
The transmissive member has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface.
The emitting unit emits a first electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization state on the second surface of the transmitting member.
The detection unit detects a second electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization component among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface.

In this monitoring device, a first electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization state is emitted from the second surface of the transmissive member. Further, among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface, the second electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization component is detected. This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The first electromagnetic wave may be linearly polarized waves having a first polarization direction. In this case, the second electromagnetic wave may be linearly polarized waves having a second polarization direction intersecting with the first polarization direction.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The second electromagnetic wave may have the second polarization direction substantially orthogonal to the first polarization direction.
This makes it possible to cut the specular reflection component reflected on the first or second surface of the transmissive member, and it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the state of the deposit.

The emitting unit may have an electromagnetic wave source and a first extraction unit that extracts the first electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the electromagnetic wave source.
This makes it possible to easily generate the first electromagnetic wave.

The emitting unit may have a laser light source that emits a laser beam as the first electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to easily generate the first electromagnetic wave.

Even if the detection unit has a second extraction unit that extracts the second electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second surface, and a sensor unit that detects the extracted second electromagnetic wave. good.
This makes it possible to easily detect the second electromagnetic wave.

The sensor unit may be an imaging unit that captures the extracted second electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to easily detect the second electromagnetic wave.

The monitoring device may further include a change unit capable of changing at least one of the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave and the second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The detection unit may generate measurement data based on the detected second electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy based on the measurement data, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The emitting unit may emit at least one of a first electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength, a first electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength band, and a first electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength width.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The emitting unit may emit a plurality of first electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths, wavelength bands, or wavelength widths.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The emitting unit may emit the first electromagnetic wave having directivity.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The monitoring device may further include a moving unit capable of changing at least one of the position of the emitting unit, the posture of the emitting unit, the position of the detecting unit, and the posture of the detecting unit.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The detection unit may have a sensor unit that detects the second electromagnetic wave. In this case, the moving unit is the emission position of the first electromagnetic wave, the incident angle of the first electromagnetic wave with respect to the second surface, the detection position of the sensor unit, and the sensor unit with respect to the second surface. At least one of the angles of the optical axis may be variable.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The monitoring device may further include a coaxial mechanism unit in which the optical axis of the first electromagnetic wave incident on the second surface and the optical axis of the sensor unit are substantially coaxial with each other.
This makes it possible to reduce the size of the device and improve the degree of freedom in selecting the installation location of the device.

The first electromagnetic wave may be circularly polarized or elliptically polarized.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface of the road surface or the like with high accuracy.

The detection unit may detect a third electromagnetic wave having a polarization component different from that of the second electromagnetic wave among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface.
This makes it possible to detect the state of the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy based on the detection results of the second and third electromagnetic waves, and monitor the state of the surface such as the road surface with high accuracy. It becomes possible.

The monitoring system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the monitoring device and a computer.
The computer generates deposit information about the deposits deposited on the first surface based on the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave detected by the monitoring device.

In this monitoring system, it is possible to generate deposit information regarding the deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface such as the road surface with high accuracy.

The deposit information is in accordance with the type, thickness, density, particle size, water content, temperature, sediment distribution, friction coefficient, particle uniformity, slipperiness index information, and predetermined criteria of the deposit. It may contain at least one of the evaluation values.
This enables highly accurate monitoring.

The evaluation value according to the predetermined criteria may include a runway condition code defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
This makes it easy to manage the runway based on the runway state code.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to monitor the state of the surface such as the road surface with high accuracy.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the snow ice monitoring system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of a monitoring apparatus. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the measurement data transmitted from a monitoring apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the functional configuration example of an analyzer. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the snow-ice monitoring operation. It is a graph which shows an example of the radiation transmission model of snow cover. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a monitoring image. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the snow thickness and the maximum diameter of the light receiving area in the measured image data. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the monitoring apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the functional configuration example of the analysis apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the monitoring apparatus which concerns on other embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
[Cryosphere monitoring system]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a snow and ice monitoring system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The cryosphere monitoring system 100 includes a monitoring device 10, an analysis device 30, a database 40, and a display 50.

The monitoring device 10 is embedded inside (underground) the runway 1 of the airport. The monitoring device 10 monitors the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1, and as a result of the monitoring, transmits the measurement data regarding the surface 2 of the runway 1 to the analysis device 30. In the present embodiment, the surface of the runway 1 corresponds to the surface to be measured.

The communication mode for transmitting the measurement data is not limited. For example, measurement data is transmitted via a network such as WAN (Wide Area Network) or LAN (Local Area Network). Alternatively, the measurement data may be transmitted by wireless communication using a high frequency signal or the like. In addition, any communication form that enables wireless or wired communication may be constructed.

The analysis device 30 receives the measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10. The analysis device 30 generates snow / ice information regarding the snow (snow / ice) 3 deposited on the surface 2 of the runway 1 based on the characteristics of the measurement data.

In this disclosure, ice and water are also described as being included in one of the types of snow (one of the snow states). For example, the thickness of snow includes the thickness of ice deposited on the surface 2 of the runway 1. Further, a state in which the surface 2 of the runway 1 is wet with water is also considered to be a state in which water, which is one type of snow, is accumulated.

In this embodiment, the snow 3 corresponds to the deposits deposited on the surface to be measured. In addition, the cryosphere information corresponds to the sediment information regarding the sediment deposited on the surface to be measured.

The cryosphere information includes, for example, the type, thickness (deposit amount), density, water content, temperature, deposit distribution, and the like of snow 3. Further, as snow / ice information, an estimated value of the friction coefficient of the surface 2 of the runway 1 on which the snow 3 is deposited and an evaluation value in which the state of the runway 1 on which the snow 3 is deposited are evaluated according to a predetermined standard are generated. As such an evaluation value, for example, a runway condition code (RWYCC: Runway Condition Code) defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) can be mentioned. The evaluation value according to the predetermined standard can also be said to be the conversion amount to the numerical value according to the predetermined standard. Other evaluation criteria, indicators, and the like may be adopted as predetermined criteria.

What kind of information is generated as snow-ice information regarding snow 3 is not limited, and is at an arbitrary physical quantity regarding the accumulated snow 3, the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 where the snow 3 is accumulated, and the timing when the snow 3 is accumulated. Arbitrary information regarding the snow 3 such as the outside air temperature may be generated. Further, arbitrary information on slipperiness, such as arbitrary information that is an index of slipperiness, may be generated as sediment information.

This makes it possible to monitor the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 with high accuracy and effectively utilize the monitoring result. The monitoring results include both the information derived based on the cryosphere information and the cryosphere information itself.

The analysis device 30 can generate and output at least one of text data, image data, and voice data as output data including snow and ice information. For example, a monitoring image 60 including snow and ice information is generated and output to the display 50. For example, the manager 5a in the control room of the airport can determine the management guideline of the runway 1 by checking the monitoring image 60 displayed on the display 50a.

Further, the analysis device 30 transmits the image data of the monitoring image 60 to the aircraft 6 via radio or the like. As a result, the pilot 5b can determine whether or not to take off and land on the runway 1 by checking the monitoring image 60 displayed on the display 50b in the cockpit. Further, the image data of the monitoring image 60 may be transmitted to the display 50c which can be viewed by the flight manager 5c on the ground. As a result, the flight manager 5c on the ground can determine whether or not to take off and land on the runway 1 by checking the monitoring image 60.

Of course, the analysis device 30 may generate voice data including snow and ice information. Sound including snow and ice information is output via speakers in the control room, cockpit, and other ground control rooms. This enables the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the ground flight manager 5c to select an appropriate response according to the condition of the surface 2 of the runway 1.

Further, text data including numerical data such as snow and ice information may be generated and output to the display 50. For example, with a predetermined image displayed on the displays 50a, 50b, and 50c, text data including snow and ice information is displayed above and below the screen. As a result, the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the ground flight manager 5c can easily grasp the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 and select an appropriate response.

The database 40 stores a history of measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10 and information on snow and ice generated by the analysis device 30. In addition, various data used in the cryosphere monitoring system 100 are stored.

[Monitoring device]
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the monitoring device 10. The monitoring device 10 includes a housing portion 11, a transmission member 12, a transmission unit 13, a reception unit 14, a moving mechanism 15, and a control block 16.

The housing portion 11 has an internal space S, and is embedded inside the runway 1 so that the upper surface 11a of the housing portion 11 has substantially the same height as the surface 2 of the runway 1. Further, an opening 17 is formed in the upper surface 11a of the housing portion 11. The shape of the housing portion 11 (shape of the internal space S) and the shape of the opening 17 are not limited. For example, a housing portion 11 having a cylindrical shape and a circular opening 17 may be used. Alternatively, a housing portion 11 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape and having a rectangular opening 17 formed therein may be used.

The transmissive member 12 is a transparent member and is fitted into the opening 17 formed in the upper surface 11a of the housing portion 11 without a gap. The transmission member 12 has a first surface 12a and a second surface 12b on the opposite side thereof. The first surface 12a is arranged on the runway 1 side, and the second surface 12b is arranged on the internal space S side.

As shown in FIG. 2, the transmission member 12 is provided in the opening 17 of the housing portion 11 so that the first surface 12a is at the same height as the surface 2 of the runway 1. This makes it possible to acquire measurement data regarding the surface 2 of the runway 1, which is the surface to be measured. The first surface 12a of the transmission member 12 is a surface included in the surface to be measured. However, the first surface 12a does not necessarily have to be the same height as the surface 2 of the runway 1, and the heights may be different.

The specific material of the transmissive member 12 is not limited, and a member having desired resistance such as tempered glass or reinforced plastic may be appropriately used. Further, having transparency includes both a transparent state and a translucent state with respect to the measurement wave (electromagnetic wave) emitted from the transmitting unit 13, and is necessarily transparent and translucent with respect to visible light. Not always.

The transmission unit 13 is provided at a predetermined position in the internal space S of the housing portion 11, and has a transmitter 18, a polarization plate (polarizer) 19, and a rotation mechanism 20. In the present embodiment, the transmitter 18 can emit a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths from each other.

The transmitter 18 is, for example, a laser oscillator (laser light source), and may itself be capable of transmitting laser light having a plurality of different wavelengths. Alternatively, the transmission unit 13 may be provided with a plurality of transmitters 18 capable of transmitting laser light having different wavelengths from each other. The wavelength band and wavelength width of the laser light are not limited, and a wide band laser light, a narrow band laser light, or the like may be appropriately used as the measurement wave.

In addition, as the transmitter 18, for example, another light source such as an LED, a lamp light source, or the like may be used. The wavelength band, wavelength width, and the like of the emitted electromagnetic wave are not limited and may be set as appropriate. The "electromagnetic wave" includes light in an arbitrary wavelength range such as infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light.

The polarization plate (polarizer) 19 is arranged on the optical axis O1 of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitter 18. The polarization plate (polarizer) 19 extracts the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitter 18. Therefore, the transmission unit 13 emits a linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 having a first polarization direction. In the present embodiment, the first electromagnetic wave E1 corresponds to an electromagnetic wave in a predetermined polarization state.

The first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is a direction corresponding to the polarization direction of the polarization plate (polarizer) 19. The specific configuration of the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 is not limited, and may be arbitrarily designed.

The rotation mechanism 20 can rotate the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 around the optical axis O1 of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitter 18. As a result, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 13 can be arbitrarily changed. The specific configuration of the rotation mechanism 20 is not limited, and can be realized by any actuator mechanism including, for example, a motor and a gear mechanism. Of course, any other configuration may be adopted.

As shown in FIG. 2, the transmission unit 13 is installed toward the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. As a result, the linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 is emitted to the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 along the optical axis O1. In the present embodiment, the transmission unit 13 functions as an emission unit. Further, the transmitter 18 corresponds to an electromagnetic wave source, and the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 corresponds to a first extraction unit.

As schematically shown in FIG. 2, a part of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 13 is reflected and scattered by the snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12a of the transmission member 12. Further, a part of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 13 is reflected by the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. Therefore, from the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12, the scattered wave (scattered light) E2 reflected / scattered by the snow 3 and the reflection reflected by the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12. The electromagnetic wave E4 including the wave E3 is emitted.

Of the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmissive member 12, the scattered wave (scattered light) E2 reflected and scattered by the snow 3 can be said to be a scattered component by the snow 3. Further, among the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12, the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12 can be said to be a reflected component. be.

The scattered wave E2, which is a scattering component, is disturbed in its polarization state due to diffused reflection, and becomes an electromagnetic wave containing a component in a polarization direction different from the first polarization direction. On the other hand, the reflected wave E3 which is a reflection component is an electromagnetic wave generated by regular reflection (specular reflection), and is an electromagnetic wave whose polarization state is substantially maintained before and after the reflection. That is, the reflected wave E3 is an electromagnetic wave having a polarization direction substantially equal to that of the first polarization direction.

The receiving unit 14 is provided at a position facing the transmitting unit 13 in the internal space S of the housing portion 11 at a predetermined distance. The receiving unit 14 has a receiver 21, a polarization plate (analyzer) 22, and a rotation mechanism 23.

The receiver 21 can detect the intensity distribution of the incident electromagnetic wave. The receiver 21 is, for example, a two-dimensional optical sensor such as a CCD or a CMOS camera, and may itself be capable of detecting a two-dimensional intensity distribution of a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths. Alternatively, a plurality of receivers 21 may be installed in the receiving unit 14, and a one-dimensional or two-dimensional intensity distribution of a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths may be detected as a whole.

The polarization plate (analyzer) 22 is arranged on the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21. The polarization plate (analyzer) 22 extracts a linearly polarized second electromagnetic wave E5 having a second polarization direction from the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. The second polarization direction of the extracted second electromagnetic wave E5 is a direction corresponding to the polarization direction of the polarization plate (analyzer) 22. The specific configuration of the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 is not limited, and may be arbitrarily designed. In the present embodiment, the second electromagnetic wave E1 corresponds to an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization component.

The rotation mechanism 23 can rotate the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 around the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21. This makes it possible to arbitrarily change the second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 extracted by the polarization plate (analyzer) 22. The specific configuration of the rotation mechanism is not limited and may be arbitrarily designed.

In the present embodiment, the change unit is realized by the rotation mechanism 20 of the transmission unit 13 and the rotation mechanism 23 of the reception unit 14. As in the present embodiment, both the rotation mechanism 20 of the transmission unit 13 and the rotation mechanism 23 of the reception unit 14 may be rotatable, or only one of them may be rotatable. That is, both the first and second polarization directions may be changeable, or one of them may be changeable.

In the present embodiment, the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (so that the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are substantially orthogonal to each other). The rotation angle of the analyzer) 22 is controlled. That is, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are set to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the traveling of the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 is restricted by the polarization plate (analyzer) 22. That is, the reflected wave E3 cannot pass through the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 and is not detected by the receiver 21. On the other hand, the scattered wave E2 reflected / scattered by the snow 3 has a component in the second polarization direction that is substantially orthogonal to the first polarization direction because the polarization state is disturbed by the diffuse reflection. The component in the second polarization direction passes through the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 and is detected by the receiver 21 as the second electromagnetic wave E5.

That is, in the present embodiment, among the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12, the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12 is cut. Is possible. As a result, the state of the snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12a of the transmission member 12 can be detected with high accuracy based on the second electromagnetic wave E5 which is a component of the second polarization direction of the scattered wave E2. It will be possible. The snow 3 corresponds to the deposits deposited on the first surface 12a.

As shown in FIG. 2, the receiving unit 14 is installed toward the second surface 12b of the transmissive member 12. This makes it possible to detect the intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 traveling along the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21 from the second surface 12b with high accuracy.

In the present embodiment, the receiving unit 14 functions as a detection unit. Further, the receiver 21 corresponds to the sensor unit for detecting the second electromagnetic wave E5, and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 corresponds to the second extraction unit. In this embodiment, the receiver 21 also functions as an image pickup unit that captures the second electromagnetic wave E5. Of course, any device other than the image pickup device may be used as the sensor unit for detecting the second electromagnetic wave E5.

The moving mechanism 15 can change the position of the transmitting unit 13, the posture of the transmitting unit 13, the position of the receiving unit 14, and the posture of the receiving unit 14. That is, the moving mechanism 15 can change the emission position, which is the position where the first electromagnetic wave E1 is emitted, and the incident angle θ1 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 with respect to the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. Further, the moving mechanism 15 can change the detection position of the receiver 21 and the angle θ2 of the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21 with respect to the second surface 12b.

Further, the moving mechanism 15 can change the distance t between the transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14. Of course, at least one of the above-mentioned plurality of parameters such as each position and angle, or any plurality of parameters may be changeable.

The range that can be changed for each parameter is not limited. For example, the incident angle θ1 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 with respect to the second surface 12b of the transmissive member 12 is in the range of 0 ° to 90 ° toward the receiving unit 14 side, where the angle at which the first electromagnetic wave E1 is vertically incident is 0 °. It is set appropriately with. Further, the angle θ2 of the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21 with respect to the second surface 12b is 0 ° to 90 ° to the transmitting unit 13 side, with the angle perpendicular to the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12 being 0 °. It is set appropriately in the range of °. Of course, it is not limited to this.

By making it possible to change the position of the transmission unit 13, the posture of the transmission unit 13, the position of the reception unit 14, and the posture of the reception unit 14 by the moving mechanism 15, it is possible to acquire highly accurate measurement data. Become.

The housing portion of the transmission unit 13 is fixed, and the positions and postures of the transmitter 18 and the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 may be changed. Similarly, the housing portion of the receiving unit 14 is fixed, and the positions and orientations of the receiver 21 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 may be changed. Further, the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 may be arranged inside the housing portion of the transmission unit 13 or the reception unit 14, or may be arranged outside.

The specific configuration of the moving mechanism 15 is not limited, and can be realized by any actuator mechanism including, for example, a motor and a gear mechanism. Of course, any other configuration may be adopted. Of course, a configuration in which the position of the transmission unit 13, the posture of the transmission unit 13, the position of the reception unit 14, and the posture of the reception unit 14 can be manually changed may be adopted. In the present embodiment, the moving mechanism 15 corresponds to a moving portion.

The control block 16 includes a power supply unit, a control unit, a communication unit, and the like (not shown). The power supply unit supplies electric power to the transmission unit 13 and the reception unit 14. The specific configuration of the power supply unit is not limited.

The control unit controls the operation of each of the transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14, emitting the first electromagnetic wave E1 having a predetermined wavelength, detecting the intensity of the two-dimensional distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 having a predetermined wavelength, and first. And control of the second polarization direction and the like are executed. In the present embodiment, the control unit transmits the measurement data including the intensity signal (measurement signal) obtained by the receiver 21 of the reception unit 14 to the analysis device 30 shown in FIG. 1 via the communication unit.

In the present embodiment, the control unit of the control block 16 functions as a detection unit. The measurement data generated by the control unit is included in the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave.

The control unit has a hardware configuration necessary for a computer such as a CPU and a memory (RAM, ROM). As the control unit, for example, a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or another device such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) may be used. As the communication unit, any configuration such as an arbitrary wireless module may be used.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10 to the analysis device 30. In the present embodiment, the two-dimensional intensity distributions of the second electromagnetic waves E5 having different wavelengths are transmitted as measurement data. Specifically, an image signal including intensity information (luminance information) of each pixel generated by the receiver 21 is transmitted as measurement data.

In the present embodiment, the image signal generated by the receiver 21 corresponds to the measurement image data obtained by irradiating the measurement wave toward the surface to be measured. Hereinafter, the image signal will be referred to as measurement image data.

3A to 3C are diagrams schematically showing measurement image data obtained when the first electromagnetic waves E1 having different wavelengths are irradiated with the snow 3 deposited on the transmissive member 12.

The first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted toward the transmitting member 12 is reflected and scattered by the snow 3, and is emitted from the transmitting member 12 toward the receiving unit 14 as scattered waves E2. The image signal of the second electromagnetic wave E5, which is a component of the scattered wave E2 in the second polarization direction, is generated as measurement image data.

For example, when the first electromagnetic wave E1 having the first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3 different from each other is emitted, three types of images (image signals) shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C are generated. These images are two-dimensional light scattering images of the second electromagnetic wave E5 obtained by the emission of the first electromagnetic wave E1. That is, it is a two-dimensional light scattering image of each of the second electromagnetic waves E5 having the first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3. These three types of two-dimensional light scattering images (image signals) are transmitted to the analysis device 30 as measurement image data.

In the present embodiment, the three types of measurement image data are obtained by irradiating a plurality of first electromagnetic waves E1 having different wavelengths toward the surface to be measured, and a plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of first electromagnetic waves E1. Corresponds to data. Of course, the plurality of measurement data is not limited to the three types of measurement image data, and an arbitrary number of two or more measurement image data may be generated. Of course, only one type of measurement image data obtained by irradiating the first electromagnetic wave E1 with one type of wavelength may be transmitted to the analyzer 30 to generate cryosphere information.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the analysis device 30. The analysis device 30 has hardware necessary for configuring a computer such as a CPU, ROM, RAM, and HDD. As the analysis device 30, for example, a PC (Personal Computer) is used, but any other computer may be used.

The CPU loads the program related to the present technology stored in the ROM or HDD into the RAM and executes it, so that the measurement data acquisition unit 31, the snow and ice information generation unit 32, and the monitoring image generation unit, which are functional blocks shown in FIG. 4, are executed. 33 and the voice data generation unit 34 are realized. Then, the information processing method according to the present technology is executed by these functional blocks. Dedicated hardware may be appropriately used to realize each functional block. In this embodiment, the analysis device 30 corresponds to an information processing device.

The program is installed in the analyzer 30 via, for example, various recording media. Alternatively, the program may be installed via the Internet or the like.

[Snow and ice monitoring operation]
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the snow and ice monitoring operation. The "runway snow and ice monitoring device" in the figure corresponds to the monitoring device 10, and the "computer for analyzing the snow and ice state" corresponds to the analysis device 30. Further, the "cryosphere and management guideline display" in the figure corresponds to the display 50 shown in FIG.

In the present embodiment, as step 0, first, the measurement by the monitoring device 10 is executed. Specifically, the measurement image data of the snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12a of the transmission member 12 is generated. In the present embodiment, three types of measurement image data obtained by emitting the first electromagnetic wave E1 having the first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3 as illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C are generated, and the analysis device is used. It is transmitted to 30. The transmitted measurement image data is acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit 31 shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the measurement data acquisition unit 31 functions as an acquisition unit.

Next, as step 1, the analysis device 30 generates snow and ice information regarding the snow deposited on the first surface 12a of the transmission member 12 (snow deposited on the surface 2 of the runway 1) based on the characteristics of the measured image data. Will be done. As shown in FIG. 5, in the present embodiment, the snow / ice information generation unit 32 shown in FIG. 4 first calculates the type of snow 3 (snow quality) and the thickness of snow 3 (snow thickness).

The snow quality is, for example, "frost", "DRY SNOW", "SLUSH", "wet snow (WET SNOW)", "COMACTED SNOW", "ice", "ice". Includes any snow conditions such as "FRESH" and "GRANULAR". Further, as the snow-ice information regarding snow, information such as "dry" or "wet (DRY)" or "STANDING WATER" in which there is no snow may be generated. This information may be treated in the same line as the snow quality information.

As the snow thickness, for example, information in millimeters is generated. Of course, information on the snow thickness may be generated in units of any thickness such as 5 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm, and the like.

A method of calculating the snow quality and the snow thickness will be described based on the characteristics of the image measurement data illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of a radiation transmission model of snow cover. Based on the radiation transmission model of snow cover, the albedo (ratio of reflected light to incident light) changes depending on the wavelength (re = 50 μm in the figure corresponds to fresh snow, 1000 μm corresponds to rough snow). As a result, the amount of reflected / scattered light changes greatly with respect to the snow quality and wavelength, and the snow thickness and snow quality can be calculated from the relationship between the reflection / scattering intensity with respect to the wavelength of light.

Therefore, by irradiating the first electromagnetic wave E1 having a plurality of different wavelengths and detecting the two-dimensional intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 for each wavelength, the snow (ice, water) existing on the transmissive member 12 can be removed. (Including) It is possible to separate the quality and thickness of 3 and obtain them with high accuracy. As a result, it becomes possible to monitor the state of the snow 3 in detail.

For example, the thicker the snow thickness of the snow 3 deposited on the transmissive member 12, the larger the amount of scattered waves E2 reflected and scattered by the snow 3. Therefore, the amount of the scattered wave E2 emitted from the transmitting member 12 toward the receiving unit 14 increases, and the amount of the second electromagnetic wave E5, which is a component in the second polarization direction thereof, also increases. Therefore, the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 (maximum diameter of the light receiving region) included in the measured image data of the second electromagnetic wave E5 becomes large. That is, since the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 changes according to the snow thickness, it is possible to monitor the snow thickness with high accuracy based on the characteristics of the measured image data.

It was also found that the amount of scattered waves E2 reflected and scattered by the snow 3 changes according to the changes in the water content (moisture content) and the particle size of the snow 3 deposited on the transmissive member 12. Therefore, it is possible to monitor not only the snow thickness but also the water content and the particle size with high accuracy based on the characteristics of the measured image data. Based on this water content and particle size, it is possible to identify the snow quality such as the above-mentioned "DRY SNOW".

In this embodiment, an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength in which the amount of light reflected / scattered greatly changes according to a change in snow thickness, and an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength in which the amount of light reflected / scattered changes greatly according to a change in water content. The first electromagnetic wave E1 of three types, which is an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength in which the amount of light reflected and scattered greatly changes according to a change in particle size, is used as a measurement wave.

The snow thickness, water content, and particle size are high based on the characteristics of the plurality of measured image data corresponding to these three types of the first electromagnetic wave E1, that is, the three measured image data shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C. It is possible to monitor with high accuracy. A threshold value related to the luminance value may be set in each pixel of the receiver 21. Then, for the luminance value below the threshold value, the image signal may be generated with the luminance zero. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of monitoring based on the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5.

In the present embodiment, the snow thickness, the water content, and the particle size correspond to a plurality of different types of deposit information corresponding to the plurality of measured image data. Specific wavelength values for monitoring each of the snow thickness, the water content, and the particle size with high accuracy can be appropriately set by calibration or the like.

The information calculated as snow and ice information is not limited to snow thickness, water content, and particle size, and other parameters such as density, temperature, and particle uniformity may be calculated. By appropriately setting the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1, it is possible to calculate arbitrary parameters that change the absorption characteristics and the scattering characteristics of the snow 3 based on the characteristics of the measured image data.

The characteristics of the measured image data are not only the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5, but also the position, area (area of the light receiving area), shape (flatness, roundness, etc.) of the second electromagnetic wave E5, and the inside of the light receiving area. Any features related to the two-dimensional distribution such as the gradient of intensity (inclinance of luminance), the intensity of the central portion of the light receiving region, the average intensity, and the intensity (luminance) in the above may be adopted. This makes it possible to monitor the snow thickness, water content, and particle size with high accuracy.

Further, in the present embodiment, the cryosphere information generation unit 32 generates cryosphere information according to a predetermined machine learning algorithm. For example, machine learning algorithms using DNN (Deep Neural Network) such as RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), etc. Used. In addition, any machine learning algorithm that executes a supervised learning method, an unsupervised learning method, a semi-supervised learning method, a reinforcement learning method, or the like may be used.

For example, by constructing AI (artificial intelligence) that performs deep learning (deep learning), it becomes possible to generate highly accurate cryosphere information. It should be noted that the feature amount defined by the operator or the like for learning by the machine learning algorithm and the feature amount extracted by the algorithm are also included in the features of the measured image data according to the present embodiment.

Returning to FIG. 5, in the present embodiment, as step 1, the calculated snow quality and thickness are associated with the runway state code. That is, a runway state code is generated as snow and ice information. The method of linking this information is not limited. For example, the snow quality / snow thickness required to derive the runway condition code may be directly calculated, or the snow quality / snow thickness calculated in step 1 may be appropriately calculated to derive the runway condition code. It may be converted. Of course, other parameters such as outside air temperature for deriving the runway state code may be referred to as appropriate.

Next, as step 2, the analysis device 30 determines the necessity of removing snow from the runway 1. In addition, whether or not to take off and land on Runway 1 is determined. These processes are typically performed based on the snow quality and thickness calculated in step 1 and the runway condition code.

The process of step 2 is also executed by the cryosphere information generation unit 32. That is, in the present embodiment, information indicating whether or not snow removal work is necessary and whether or not takeoff and landing is possible is generated as snow and ice information regarding the snow 3 deposited on the transmission member 12 (snow deposited on the runway 1) 3. .. In this way, information on the management guideline, judgment information on the operation, and the like may be generated as snow and ice information.

Information indicating whether or not snow removal work is necessary directly based on the measured image data acquired in step 0, rather than the snow quality, snow thickness, and runway state code generated in step 1. And information indicating whether takeoff and landing is possible may be generated. Of course, a predetermined machine learning algorithm may be used.

As step 3, the analysis device 30 generates output data including the snow and ice information generated in steps 1 and 2. In the present embodiment, the monitoring image generation unit 33 generates a monitoring image 60 including snow and ice information. Further, the voice data generation unit 34 generates voice data including snow and ice information. In the present embodiment, the monitoring image generation unit 33 and the audio data generation unit 34 function as output units.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the monitoring image 60. The monitoring image 60 includes a measurement image data display unit 61, a snow quality (snow type) display unit 62, a snow thickness display unit 63, a runway state code display unit 64, a snow removal necessity display unit 65, and takeoff and landing. It has a pass / fail display unit 66.

The measurement image data display unit 61 displays the measurement image data transmitted from the monitoring device 10. In this embodiment, three types of two-dimensional light scattering images illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C are displayed. The snow quality calculated in step 1 is displayed on the snow quality display unit 62. The snow thickness displayed in the snow thickness display unit 63 displays the snow thickness calculated in step 1. The runway state code displayed in the runway state code display unit 64 displays the runway state code generated in step 1.

The snow removal necessity display unit 65 displays whether or not the snow removal work is necessary, which was generated as the snow and ice information in step 2. Information indicating whether or not the takeoff and landing is possible, which was generated as the snow and ice information in step 2, is displayed on the takeoff and landing possibility display unit 66.

As a step 4, the monitoring image 60 is output and displayed on the display 50a that can be viewed by the administrator 5a of the airport (runway 1). Further, the monitoring image 60 is displayed on the display 50b which can be viewed by the pilot 5b of the aircraft. Of course, the monitoring image 60 may be displayed on the display 50c that can be viewed by the flight manager 5c on the ground.

As a result, the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the ground flight manager 5c can easily grasp the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 by checking the monitoring image 60, and can easily understand the management guideline and the like. It becomes possible to decide on. For example, the manager 5a can easily determine the necessity of snow removal, and can easily manage the runway 1 based on the runway state code. Further, the pilot 5b of the aircraft can easily determine whether or not the runway 1 can take off and land without directly checking the surface 2 of the runway 1. Of course, it is possible to perform operations based on the runway state code. In addition, the ground flight manager 5c can easily determine whether or not the runway 1 can take off and land, and for example, it is possible to comprehensively determine the appropriate response based on the results directly confirmed at the site. It will be possible.

As step 4, voice data including snow and ice information may be generated. Sound including snow and ice information is output via speakers in the control room, cockpit, and other ground control rooms. This enables the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the ground flight manager 5c to select an appropriate response according to the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1.

The configuration of the monitoring image 60 is not limited, and an arbitrary image (GUI) may be generated and displayed. Further, the snow and ice information included in the monitoring image 60 is not limited, and any snow and ice information may be displayed.

For example, the monitoring image for the manager to be provided to the manager 5a, the monitoring image for the pilot to be provided to the pilot 5b, and the flight manager 5c on the ground are not limited to the case where the same monitoring image 60 is generated. The monitoring image for the flight manager to be provided to the user may be configured separately. Of course, the monitoring image 60 may be freely customized by the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the ground flight manager 5c. That is, the information on the snow and ice to be confirmed may be appropriately selectable.

Further, the content (characters, symbols, images) of the snow and ice information to be displayed, its arrangement, size, color scheme, etc. may be manually or automatically changed according to the environment and the situation. As for the audio data, the audio content may be appropriately changed based on the environment, the situation, the generated cryosphere information, and the like. For example, warnings, information to be transmitted, and the like may be appropriately determined, and output voice data may be appropriately generated.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a plurality of monitoring devices 10 are often installed at a plurality of locations on the runway 1. In such a case, for example, the monitoring image 60 illustrated in FIG. 7 may be generated for each monitoring device 10. This makes it possible to grasp the surface state at each point of the runway 1.

Further, the snow and ice information generated based on the measurement data measured by each monitoring device 10 may be integrated, and a monitoring image 60 including the integrated snow and ice information may be generated. For example, the surface condition (snow and ice information) at each point may be integrated to generate and display the snow quality, snow thickness, runway condition code, whether or not snow removal is necessary, and whether or not takeoff and landing is possible. This makes it possible to grasp the overall state of the runway 1.

The method of integrating multiple snow and ice information is not limited, and information that estimates the snow quality and thickness of each point on average is displayed. Alternatively, weighting may be performed depending on the point at which the monitoring device 10 is installed. For example, the measurement data of the monitoring device 10 installed at the center of the runway 1 and the snow and ice information generated from the measurement data are heavily weighted. On the other hand, the weighting of the measurement data and the like of the monitoring device 10 installed at the position of the end of the runway 1 is reduced. Such processing is also possible.

Further, snow and ice information may be generated and displayed for each area of the runway 1. When one monitoring device 10 is installed in each area, snow and ice information is generated based on the measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10 and displayed on the monitoring image 60. When a plurality of monitoring devices 10 are installed in each area, for example, measurement data and cryosphere information are integrated and displayed on the monitoring image 60.

Alternatively, among the snow and ice information generated at each point, the information in the worst condition may be selected and displayed on the monitoring image 60. For example, suppose that for one point, the cryosphere information that there is a need for snow removal and that takeoff and landing is impossible is generated. In this case, even if snow and ice information indicating that snow removal is not necessary and takeoff and landing is possible is generated for multiple other points, snow and ice information indicating that snow removal is necessary and takeoff and landing is not possible is displayed. Will be done. Such processing is also possible.

[Prediction of measurement data and cryosphere information]
In the present embodiment, based on at least one of the measurement data (measurement image data) acquired from the monitoring device 10 and the generated snow and ice information, the prediction information for predicting the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 which is the measurement target surface is obtained. It is possible to generate. For example, in the future, it is possible to generate forecast information for predicting the snow quality, snow thickness, runway condition code, the necessity of snow removal work, and how the possibility of takeoff and landing is changing.

The prediction information is generated based on, for example, measurement data stored in the database 40 shown in FIG. 1, historical information such as snow and ice information up to the present, a predetermined prediction model, prediction data, and the like. For example, it is possible to generate forecast information including snow quality and thickness after 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, etc. based on weather information acquired via a weather radar installed at an airport. Is. Of course, any machine learning algorithm may be used to generate the prediction information. By generating forecast information, it is possible to accurately determine airport management guidelines and flight plans.

Predictive measurement data regarding the surface 2 of the runway 1, which is the surface to be measured, may be generated based on the characteristics of the measurement data acquired from the monitoring device 10. For example, predictive measurement data for predicting how a two-dimensional light-scattering image as illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C changes is generated. Then, prediction information may be generated based on the prediction measurement data.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the snow thickness and the maximum diameter of the light receiving region in the measured image data. The present inventor conducted an experiment to detect the difference in the amount of snow cover (snow thickness) by the maximum diameter of the light receiving region in the measured image data.

Specifically, a glass water tank constituting the housing portion 11 and the transmission member 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 is prepared in a laboratory whose temperature is controlled to −20 ° C. The upper surface of the water tank is used as a transmission member 12, and a transmission unit 13 including a polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and a reception unit 14 including a polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are installed below the transmission member 12.

The transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14 are installed on a dedicated stage and have a mechanism that can manually change their respective distances and angles. The polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are arranged so that their polarization directions are substantially orthogonal to each other. That is, each polarization plate is arranged so that the relationship of substantially orthogonal Nicol is realized.

A laser light source is used for the transmitter 18, and the transmitter unit 13 emits a first electromagnetic wave E1 in a linearly polarized state at an angle of 15 ° with respect to the vertical direction. A CCD camera is used as the receiver 21, and the scattered wave E2 is received in the vertical direction and arranged so that the two-dimensional intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 transmitted through the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 can be detected. do.

The results of measuring the maximum diameter of the detected second electromagnetic wave E5 by changing the thickness of the snow to be put into the water tank from 5 mm to 40 mm under the above conditions are as shown in FIG. 8A. It can be seen that the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 changes according to the thickness of the snow, and the thickness of the snow can be detected.

FIG. 8B is a detection result when the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 of the transmission unit 13 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 of the reception unit 14 are removed. Here, the maximum diameter of all electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic waves E4 including scattered waves E2 and reflected waves E3) emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12 is detected. It can be seen that the detection accuracy of the snow thickness is lower than that in the case where the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are provided.

As described above, in the cryosphere monitoring system 100 according to the present embodiment, the monitoring device 10 emits a linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 on the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. Further, among the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b, the second electromagnetic wave E5 having linear polarization is detected. Then, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are set so as to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship.

Thereby, among the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12, it is possible to cut the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12. Therefore, it is possible to detect only the second electromagnetic wave E5 having the information of the snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12a of the transmissive member 12. As a result, the state of the snow 3 can be detected with high accuracy based on the second electromagnetic wave E5, and the surface 2 of the runway 1, which is the surface to be measured, can be monitored with high accuracy.

Further, in the present embodiment, it is possible to monitor the snow 3 based on a plurality of measured image data obtained by emitting a plurality of first electromagnetic waves E1 having different wavelengths. This makes it possible to further improve the monitoring accuracy. For example, it is possible not only to determine the presence or absence of snow 3 existing in the transmissive member 12, but also to extract information on the shape, distribution, size, amount, etc. of snow 3 with high accuracy. Further, the depth (thickness) and quality of the snow 3 can be separated and obtained with higher accuracy.

As shown in FIG. 8B, if the normal reflection (specular reflection) component reflected by the transmission member 12 cannot be cut, the monitoring accuracy of the snow 3 is lowered. It is also conceivable to avoid the specular reflection component from the transmission member 12 by appropriately designing the positions and postures of the transmission unit 13 and the reception unit 14. However, in this case, the installation design of the transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14 is very limited, and it is difficult to miniaturize the device.

In the present embodiment, by providing the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22, it is possible to cut the normal reflection (specular reflection) component reflected by the transmission member 12. Therefore, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14, and it is possible to realize the miniaturization of the device. This makes it possible to improve the degree of freedom in selecting the installation location of the device, and it becomes easy to embed the device in a necessary place such as a road surface or the inside of a structure. Further, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom in selecting the shape and material of the transmissive member 12.

Further, for example, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are changed while maintaining the relationship of substantially orthogonal Nicols. That is, the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are rotated while maintaining the relationship of substantially orthogonal Nicols. It is also possible to monitor the state of the snow 3 with high accuracy based on the detection result (measurement data) of the second electromagnetic wave E5 obtained at that time.

Note that this technique is not limited to the case where the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are set to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship. By setting the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction to intersect each other, it is possible to suppress the specular reflection component from the transmission member 12, and it is possible to improve the monitoring accuracy. be. The crossing angles of the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction may be appropriately set so that the desired monitoring accuracy can be exhibited.

Further, in the monitoring device 10 according to the present embodiment, the position and posture of the transmission unit 13 can be appropriately changed. This makes it possible to optimally irradiate the first electromagnetic wave E1 having linear polarization according to the installation environment and the state of snow 3 and the like. As a result, a highly accurate measurement resolution can be obtained, and a detailed state regarding the depth and quality of the snow 3 can be monitored with a high accuracy.

Further, the position and posture of the receiving unit 14 can be changed as appropriate. This makes it possible to optimally detect the one-dimensional or two-dimensional intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 according to the installation environment and the state of snow 3 and the like. As a result, a highly accurate measurement resolution can be obtained, and a detailed state regarding the depth and quality of the snow 3 can be monitored with a high accuracy.

Further, in the snow / ice monitoring system 100 according to the present embodiment, snow / ice information is generated based on the characteristics of the measurement data of the surface 2 of the runway 1 which is the surface to be measured. This makes it possible to monitor the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 with high accuracy and effectively utilize the monitoring result.

For example, as monitoring results, it is possible to provide various analysis results such as snow quality, snow thickness, runway condition code, necessity of snow removal work, and availability of takeoff and landing, so that the surface 2 of runway 1 can be provided. It is possible to grasp the state of the above with great accuracy.

In addition, by displaying the snow cover condition on the surface 2 of the runway 1, the possibility of takeoff and landing, the necessity of snow removal, etc. in real time to the airport manager 5a, the pilot 5b, the ground flight manager 5c, etc., via the monitoring image 60. Since it is possible to prevent overrun accidents, flight delays and cancellations due to snow cover, it is possible to improve flight safety and flight efficiency. In addition, by displaying the forecast of the runway surface condition, it is possible to further improve the efficiency of aviation operation.

Further, in the present embodiment, since the monitoring device 10 is embedded inside the runway 1, it is possible to avoid an obstacle to the aircraft. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the influence of the external natural environment on the accuracy of monitoring, prevent damage due to collision of foreign matter from the outside, etc., and monitor the detailed snow depth and quality of the entire runway. Become

<Second embodiment>
The snow and ice monitoring system of the second embodiment according to the present invention will be described. In the following description, the description of the parts similar to the configuration and operation in the snow and ice monitoring system 100 described in the above embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the monitoring device 210 according to the present embodiment. The monitoring device 210 includes a housing portion 211, a transmission member 212, a transmission unit 213, a reception unit 214, a holding mechanism 271, a half mirror 272, and a control block 216.

The holding mechanism 271 holds the transmitting unit 213, the half mirror 272, and the receiving unit 214 at predetermined positions and postures in the internal space S of the housing portion 211, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 9, in the present embodiment, the transmission unit 213 is held below the second surface 212b of the transmissive member 212 so as to be oriented substantially parallel to the surface direction of the second surface 212b. Therefore, from the transmitter 218 of the transmission unit 213, an electromagnetic wave that becomes a measurement wave is emitted along a direction substantially parallel to the surface direction of the second surface 212b. Then, along the same direction, the linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 is emitted from the polarization plate (polarizer) 219.

The half mirror 272 is held on the emission optical axis O3 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 213. The half mirror 272 is arranged obliquely so that a part of the first electromagnetic wave E1 can be reflected upward at an angle of about 45 ° with respect to the emission light axis O2 of the first electromagnetic wave E1. Therefore, the first electromagnetic wave E1 reflected upward by the half mirror 272 is incident on the second surface 212b along a direction substantially perpendicular to the second surface 212b. As a result, the incident optical axis O4 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 with respect to the second surface 212b extends along the substantially vertical direction to the second surface 212b.

The receiving unit 214 is held so as to face the second surface 212b so as to sandwich the half mirror 272. Further, the receiving unit 214 is arranged so that the optical axis O2 of the receiver 221 is substantially coaxial with the incident optical axis O4 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 reflected by the half mirror 272. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the electromagnetic wave E4 (scattered wave E2 and reflected wave E3) emitted from the second surface 212b of the transmitting member 212 travels along the optical axis O2 and is incident on the half mirror 272. A part of the electromagnetic wave E4 transmitted through the half mirror 272 is incident on the polarization plate (analyzer) 222, and the second electromagnetic wave E5 of linear polarization is incident on the receiver 221.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the incident optical axis O4 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 with respect to the second surface 212b of the transmitting member 212 and the optical axis O2 of the receiver 221 of the receiving unit 214 are coaxial with each other so as to be substantially coaxial with each other. The configuration is realized. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the device and improve the degree of freedom in selecting the installation location of the device. In addition, it becomes easy to embed the device in a necessary place such as a road surface or the inside of a structure.

In the present embodiment, the coaxial mechanism portion is realized by the holding mechanism 271 and the half mirror 272. The configuration of the coaxial mechanism portion is not limited, and other types of beam splitters, other optical members, and the like may be used. Further, the transmitting unit 213 and the receiving unit 214 shown in FIG. 9 may be arranged at positions opposite to each other. Further, the holding mechanism 271 may be configured so that the position and posture of the transmitting unit 213 and the position and posture of the receiving unit 214 can be changed within the range in which the coaxial configuration is realized.

<Third embodiment>
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the analysis device 330 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The analysis device 330 has a measurement wavelength determination unit 335 and an external control unit 336 as functional blocks.

The measurement wavelength determination unit 335 determines the characteristics of the measurement wave emitted from the transmitter 18 of the monitoring device 10 based on at least one of the measurement data (measurement image data) acquired from the monitoring device 10 and the generated snow and ice information. It is possible to decide. In the present embodiment, the measurement wavelength determination unit 335 corresponds to the setting unit.

For example, when the transmitter 18 can emit the first electromagnetic wave E1 having a plurality of wavelengths, the wavelength used for the measurement is selected from the plurality of wavelengths. As described above, when the first electromagnetic wave E1 having the first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3 having different absorption / scattering / reflection characteristics is emitted, the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the second wavelength λ2 are emitted. It is possible to appropriately select and determine each of the three wavelengths λ3 from a plurality of wavelengths.

Alternatively, when the transmitter 18 can continuously change the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 within a predetermined wavelength range, the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the third wavelength λ2 are within the wavelength range. Each of the wavelengths λ3 of is appropriately determined.

Further, depending on the measured snow quality and thickness, the wavelength required for measurement may be selected from the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the third wavelength λ3. For example, the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is appropriately selected from the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the third wavelength λ3 so that desired snow and ice information can be obtained according to the state of the snow 3. Be selected. Such processing is also possible.

Further, the characteristics of the measured wave emitted from the transmitter 18 such as the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 can be set by the operation of the administrator 5a or a professional operator, which is input via a predetermined computer such as a PC. It may be. That is, the characteristics of the measured wave may be manually changed.

A specific example of setting the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 will be described. For example, it is possible to set the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 based on the snow cover prediction. For example, when information indicating that the amount of snowfall will increase is generated as prediction information, a wavelength suitable for snow thickness observation is selected in advance (visible wavelength that can be passed through the snow layer, etc.). For example, when the prediction information that it will rain after a few minutes from the state where snow is piled up is generated, a wavelength suitable for measuring the water content (moisture content) is selected in advance.

Further, it is possible to set the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 based on the result of the snow thickness. For example, suppose that when the snow thickness is first measured at a certain wavelength, it is determined that the snow thickness is thin. In this case, since it is necessary to focus on the snow quality of the surface layer rather than the snow thickness, the measurement shifts to the measurement using a wavelength such as near infrared, which is effective for determining the particle size. If it is determined that the snow thickness is thick to some extent, the snow thickness measurement is emphasized by selecting a visible wavelength that can pass through the snow layer rather than a near-infrared wavelength.

Further, it is possible to set the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 based on the result of the water content. For example, when the water content is first measured at a certain wavelength, it is determined that the water content is high to some extent. In this case, an error due to the water content may occur in the optical observation of the snow quality. Therefore, a wavelength effective for the water content measurement and a wavelength effective for the snow quality measurement are simultaneously selected to compensate for the error. If it is determined that the water content is at a level that is not affected by the error, only the wavelengths that are effective for snow quality observation are selected and the snow quality is measured intensively.

Further, it is also possible to determine the reliability of the generated snow and ice information and change the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 when the reliability is lower than a predetermined threshold value.

By making it possible to set the characteristics of the measured wave in this way, it is possible to monitor the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 with high accuracy and effectively utilize the monitoring result. The characteristics of the measurement wave are not limited to the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1, and arbitrary characteristics such as the intensity of the first electromagnetic wave E1, the polarization state, and the pulse interval may be determined. Further, any machine learning algorithm may be used to set the characteristics of the measurement wave.

The intensity of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the gain of the receiver 21 may be manually or automatically selectable based on the measurement data, the snow and ice information, and the like. For example, when the measurement data has a range over (saturation) portion, the intensity (luminance) of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is lowered and the gain of the receiver 21 is lowered. If the entire measurement data is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the intensity (luminance) of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is increased and the gain of the receiver 21 is decreased. In this way, by appropriately changing the intensity and gain from the tendency of the measurement data, the optimum measurement becomes possible.

Further, the intensity of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the gain of the receiver 21 may be changed based on external weather information or the like. For example, if the external ambient light is strong and the value of the measurement data becomes large, the intensity (luminance) of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is increased and the gain of the receiver 21 is decreased to reduce the S / N of the data. To improve. Such processing is also possible.

The external control unit 336 generates control information for controlling the external device based on at least one of the measurement data (measurement image data) acquired from the monitoring device 10 and the generated snow and ice information. For example, the external control unit 336 can transmit a signal for controlling an external device according to the measurement data and the snow and ice information processed by the environment, the situation / analysis device 230, and so on.

This makes it possible to quickly execute in real time, for example, the start of an alarm to call attention due to snow accumulation, the lighting of a lamp that notifies the need for snow removal, etc., and the next action can be appropriately activated. It will be possible. In the present embodiment, the external control unit 336 corresponds to the control information generation unit.

<Other embodiments>
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various other embodiments can be realized.

Another example of a deposit identification method based on the measurement data obtained by irradiating the first electromagnetic wave E1 with linear polarization will be described.

The linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 irradiated toward the deposit is reflected and scattered by the deposit, and the polarization state changes. It is possible to identify the type of sediment and the like based on this change in the polarization state. That is, it is possible to generate deposit information regarding the deposit based on the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmissive member.

For example, when considering the scattering characteristics of snow, ice, and water, it was found that the degree of multiple scattering increases in the order of snow>ice> water. That is, snow generated the most multiple scattering, and water caused the least multiple scattering. Based on this consideration, it is possible to discriminate each state of snow, ice, and water based on the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmissive member. Specifically, it is as follows.
The polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is large → the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is small → the state of water The polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is medium → the multi-order scattering is medium → the state of ice The polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is small → the multi-forward scattering → Snow The amount of the polarization component that is the reference for discrimination can be set in advance by calibration or the like.

Considering the uniformity of the particles of the deposit, the higher the uniformity of the particles, the stronger the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4. Therefore, it is possible to determine the uniformity of the particles of the deposit based on the proportion of the polarization component. Specifically, it is as follows.
The electromagnetic wave E4 has a large polarization component → the polarization component is strong → the particle uniformity is high. The electromagnetic wave E4 has a medium polarization component → the polarization component is medium → the particle uniformity is medium. There are few components → The electromagnetic wave component is weak → The uniformity of the particles is low. The amount of the electromagnetic wave component that is the reference for discrimination can be set in advance by calibration or the like.

As a method of detecting the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmission member, for example, a method using a polarization plate (analyzer) as described above can be mentioned. That is, it is possible to detect the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 based on the ratio of the second electromagnetic wave E5 of the linear polarization extracted by the polarization plate (analyzer).

For example, when the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 in the measured image data generated by the receiver is large, it is determined that the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is large. When the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 is small, it is determined that the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is small. The ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 may be detected based on the intensity of the second electromagnetic wave E5. For example, the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 may be calculated based on the average luminance of the second electromagnetic wave E5 in the measured image data.

The direction in which the second radio wave direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 is set is not limited. That is, the rotation angle of the polarization plate (analyzer) is not limited, and it is possible to detect the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4. Of course, as described above, by setting the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship, the transmissive member can be used. It is possible to cut the reflected specular component, and it is possible to improve the detection accuracy.

A second electromagnetic wave E5 having linear polarization and a third electromagnetic wave having linear polarization, which is a different polarization component from the second electromagnetic wave E5, may be extracted from the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmission member. Then, deposit information may be generated based on the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave.

The electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmissive member may include ambient light (electromagnetic wave) in the space on the side where the deposit is deposited. Since the ambient light is non-polarized, the amount of the ambient light component contained in the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the amount of the ambient light component contained in the third electromagnetic wave are substantially equal to each other. On the other hand, among the electromagnetic waves E4, the scattered wave E2 reflected / scattered by the deposit is an electromagnetic wave in which the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization is reflected / scattered, so that the polarization component is biased. Therefore, the amount of the component of the scattered wave E2 contained in the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the amount of the component of the scattered wave E2 contained in the third electromagnetic wave are different from each other. Therefore, by taking the difference between the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave, it is possible to obtain measurement data in which the components of the ambient light are canceled, and it is possible to identify the state of the deposit with high accuracy. ..

The method of extracting the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave having different polarization directions from each other is not limited. For example, by rotating the polarization plate (analyzer), two types of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are extracted. It is possible. Alternatively, polarization plates (analyzers) having different rotation positions may be alternately arranged on the optical axis of the receiver. Further, a plurality of receivers equipped with polarization plates (analyzers) having different rotation positions may be installed.

Alternatively, it is also possible to extract both the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave having different polarization directions by using a polarization beam splitter or the like that divides the electromagnetic wave according to the polarization state. By arranging the sensor unit on the optical axis of the extracted second electromagnetic wave E5 and on the optical path of the third electromagnetic wave, it is possible to detect both the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave. be.

The number of multiple linearly polarized electromagnetic waves with different polarization directions extracted from the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmissive member is not limited, and three or more linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are extracted and used as measurement data. May be good. For example, the polarization plate (analyzer) may be rotated in order at a predetermined angle, and an electromagnetic wave measured at each rotation position may be used. By using these a plurality of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, for example, it is possible to extract a component of ambient light as a noise component. Of course, it is also possible to extract electromagnetic waves having three or more linearly polarized waves by using an optical element such as a polarization beam splitter.

A predetermined machine learning algorithm may be used when the identification method exemplified above is executed.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the monitoring device according to another embodiment. The monitoring device 410 includes a housing portion 411, a transmission member 412, a transmission unit 413, a plurality of reception units 414, and a control block 416.

The plurality of receiving units 414 are arranged so as to be arranged in five rows from the transmitting unit 413 side. By installing a plurality of receiving units 414 in this way, it becomes possible to measure the snow quality and the snow thickness over a wide range of the snow 3, and the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 can be monitored with high accuracy. It becomes possible. Further, by making the rotation positions of the polarization plates (analyzers) included in each receiving unit 414 different, it is possible to extract electromagnetic waves having different polarization directions from each other.

The configuration of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit is not limited, and may be arbitrarily configured. For example, in the above, a polarization plate (polarizer) was used as the first extraction unit in order to emit the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization. Not limited to this, a laser light source capable of emitting a linearly polarized laser beam may be used as the first electromagnetic wave E1. That is, it is also possible to omit the first extraction unit. This makes it possible to easily generate the first electromagnetic wave E1. For example, by rotating the laser light source, it is possible to arbitrarily control the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1.

Further, an optical element (liquid crystal splitter) such as a liquid crystal variable wave plate may be installed in the transmitting unit and the receiving unit. Then, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 may be electrically controlled. In addition, an optical element or the like using a ferroelectric substance having transparency such as PLZT may be used.

Circular or elliptical polarization may be emitted as the first electromagnetic wave E1 in a predetermined polarization state. Then, the state of the deposit or the like may be detected based on the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmission member. The method of emitting circularly polarized waves or elliptically polarized waves is not limited, and any light source capable of emitting circularly polarized waves or elliptically polarized waves may be used. Alternatively, an optical element such as a 1/4 wave plate capable of converting linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves may be appropriately used.

For example, the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 in the absence of deposits is measured in advance. Based on the difference between this polarization state and the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 measured at the time of monitoring the deposit, it is possible to generate various deposit information including the state of the deposit.

The polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 can be measured, for example, based on a second electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 or a third electromagnetic wave having a polarization component different from the second electromagnetic wave. For example, it is possible to measure the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 based on the ratio of the second and third electromagnetic waves having different polarization directions obtained by rotating the polarization plate (analyzer). .. Of course, the second and third electromagnetic waves may be extracted by the polarization beam splitter. The method for measuring the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 is not limited, and a predetermined machine learning algorithm may be used.

The second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave, which are predetermined polarization components of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmission member, are not limited to linear polarization, and may be circularly polarized or elliptically polarized. The polarization states of the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave may be different from each other.

A first electromagnetic wave E1 having directivity may be emitted from the transmitting unit. This makes it possible to suppress the influence of electromagnetic waves that reach the receiving unit directly from the transmitting unit, and to monitor the state of the depth and quality of detailed deposits with higher accuracy. Examples of the source of the electromagnetic wave having directivity include a laser light source capable of emitting a laser beam having directivity, a light source equipped with a directional filter such as a parallel lightening lens, and the like. By installing a polarization plate (polarizer) or the like on the optical axis of such a light source, it is possible to emit a first electromagnetic wave E1 having directivity and linear polarization.

The scope of this technology is not limited to snow and ice monitoring on airport runways. It can be applied to monitor the surface condition of other structures such as roads, bridges and buildings. Further, it is not limited to the takeoff and landing of an aircraft, and can be applied to the determination regarding the running of other moving objects such as vehicles. As for sediments, this technology can be applied to any sediments such as snow, ice, water, mud, volcanic ash, and dust, and it can also be applied to the detection of these deposits and the analysis of adhesion patterns. Is. That is, this technique can be applied to various fields.

For example, by installing a monitoring device on the road surface, it is possible to display the surface condition of snow, sand, etc. on the road surface to the road manager and utilize it for road management. For example, it is possible to easily determine the necessity of blocking a road and select a detour. Further, by displaying a monitoring image or the like on the display panel of a general automobile, it is possible to notify the driver of the road surface condition in real time, for example, through a network or the like, and it is possible to prevent accidents and improve traffic efficiency. In addition to the real-time surface condition, it can also be applied as a road surface condition prediction display combined with a prediction model for future snowfall conditions, etc., further improving traffic efficiency.

In addition, as the surface condition of the runway at the airport, it is possible to notify the necessity of cleaning the runway and the possibility of takeoff and landing based on the accumulated amount of volcanic ash and the predicted accumulated amount. Of course, it is also possible to apply this technology to taxiways at airports.

As the sediment information, information on the layer structure of the sediment may be generated. For example, changes in quality of snow and volcanic ash in the thickness direction, the state of each layer to be laminated, and the like may be generated as sediment information.

In the above, by irradiating a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths toward the surface to be measured, a plurality of measurement data corresponding to the plurality of electromagnetic waves are acquired. Not limited to this, a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelength bands or wavelength widths may be irradiated toward the surface to be measured, and a plurality of measurement data corresponding to the plurality of electromagnetic waves may be acquired. For example, a wide band laser beam, a narrow band laser beam, or the like is irradiated as a plurality of measurement waves (electromagnetic wave E1), and a plurality of measurement data corresponding to these laser beams are generated. Then, a plurality of deposit information corresponding to the plurality of measurement data may be generated.

Of course, deposit information is generated based on one type of measurement data obtained by irradiating one type of electromagnetic wave, such as an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength (single wavelength), an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength band, and an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength width. It is also possible.

The monitoring device may be configured to be portable. This makes it possible to carry and install a monitoring device, for example, on land near snowy mountains or volcanoes. Then, based on the measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device, it becomes possible to monitor the desired surface condition with high accuracy. For example, it is possible to generate information such as the possibility of an avalanche and the possibility of an eruption as sediment information and its prediction information.

In the above, as a monitoring device, a device that generates measurement data by irradiating electromagnetic waves is mentioned. The present invention is not limited to this, and other sensor devices such as a temperature sensor capable of measuring the outside air temperature as measurement data may be used as the monitoring device. In this case, the temperature, which is the measurement data, may be used as it is as the information on snow and ice.

Further, as a monitoring device, a device that outputs text data as measurement data may be used. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which text data is generated based on the measurement data obtained by an arbitrary measurement method and the text data is output as the measurement text data. In addition, arbitrary data may be output as measurement data. Similar to the plurality of measurement image data described above, a plurality of measurement text data may be output, and a plurality of deposit information corresponding to the plurality of measurement text data may be generated.

In the above, an analysis device is taken as an example as an embodiment of the information processing device according to the present technology. Not limited to this, the information processing method according to the present technology may be executed by the cloud server. Alternatively, the information processing method according to the present technology may be executed by interlocking a plurality of computers capable of communicating with each other.

The information processing method and program execution related to this technology by a computer system can be performed both when the processing such as generation of sediment information is executed by a single computer and when each processing is executed by a different computer. include. Further, the execution of each process by a predetermined computer includes having another computer execute a part or all of the process and acquiring the result.

That is, the information processing method and program according to the present technology can be applied to a cloud computing configuration in which one function is shared by a plurality of devices via a network and jointly processed.

It is also possible to combine at least two feature portions among the feature portions according to the present invention described above. That is, the various characteristic portions described in each embodiment may be arbitrarily combined without distinction between the respective embodiments. Further, the various effects described above are merely exemplary and not limited, and other effects may be exhibited.

E1 ... First electromagnetic wave E5 ... Second electromagnetic wave O2 ... Receiver optical axis O4 ... Incident light axis 3 ... Snow 10, 210, 410 ... Monitoring device 12, 212, 412 ... Transmission member 12a ... First surface 12b , 212b ... Second surface 13, 213, 413 ... Transmitting unit 14, 214, 414 ... Receiving unit 15 ... Moving mechanism 16, 216, 416 ... Control block 18, 218 ... Transmitter 19, 219 ... Polarizer )
20, 23 ... Rotation mechanism 21, 221 ... Receiver 22, 222 ... Polarization plate (analyzer)
30, 230, 330 ... Analytical device 100 ... Cryosphere monitoring system 271 ... Holding mechanism 272 ... Half mirror

Claims (20)

A transmissive member having a first surface to be a surface to be measured and a second surface opposite to the first surface.
An emission unit that emits a first electromagnetic wave in a predetermined polarization state on the second surface of the transmission member,
A monitoring device having a detection unit for detecting a second electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization component and a third electromagnetic wave having a polarization component different from the second electromagnetic wave among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface. When,
With a computer that generates deposit information about the deposits deposited on the first surface based on the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave detected by the monitoring device.
Equipped with
The computer generates the deposit information by using the difference between the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave and the detection result of the third electromagnetic wave.
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to claim 1.
The first electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized wave having a first polarization direction, and is
The second electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized wave having a second polarization direction intersecting with the first polarization direction .
The third electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized wave having a third polarization direction intersecting each of the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction.
Monitoring system . The monitoring system according to claim 2.
The second electromagnetic wave is a monitoring system having the second polarization direction substantially orthogonal to the first polarization direction. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The detection unit detects three or more electromagnetic waves having different polarization directions, including the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave, among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface.
The computer generates the deposit information based on the detection result of each of the three or more electromagnetic waves.
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to claim 4.
The computer extracts and extracts noise components based on the difference between the detection results of each of the three or more electromagnetic waves, including the difference between the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave and the detection result of the third electromagnetic wave. A monitoring system that generates the deposit information using the noise component generated . The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .
The monitoring device further determines each of the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave, the second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave , and the third polarization direction of the third electromagnetic wave. It has a changeable part and can be changed.
The change unit maintains the angle of the second polarization direction with respect to the first polarization direction, and the first polarization direction, the second polarization direction, and the third deviation. Change each of the wave directions
Monitoring system . The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 .
The emission unit is a monitoring system including an electromagnetic wave source and an emission side extraction unit that extracts the first electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the electromagnetic wave source. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 .
The emitting unit is a monitoring system having a laser light source that emits a laser beam as the first electromagnetic wave. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 .
The detection unit includes a detection side extraction unit that extracts each of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second surface, and the extracted second electromagnetic wave and the third. A monitoring system with a sensor unit that detects each of the electromagnetic waves of . The monitoring system according to claim 9.
The detection side extraction unit has a rotatably configured polarization plate, and extracts each of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave by rotating the polarization plate.
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
The computer generates predictive information for predicting the state of the first surface based on the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave or at least one of the deposit information.
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
Based on the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave or at least one of the deposit information, the computer has at least the wavelength, wavelength band, wavelength width, intensity, polarization state, or pulse interval of the first electromagnetic wave. Set one
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to claim 12.
The deposit information includes at least one of the snow thickness, quality, or water content of the snow deposited on the first surface.
The computer has at least one of the wavelength, wavelength band, wavelength width, intensity, polarization state, or pulse interval of the first electromagnetic wave based on at least one of the snow thickness, the snow quality, or the water content. Set one
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 13 .
The deposit information is in accordance with the type, thickness, density, particle size, water content, temperature, sediment distribution, coefficient of friction, particle uniformity, slipperiness index information, or predetermined criteria of the deposit. A monitoring system that includes at least one of the evaluation values. The monitoring system according to claim 14 .
The evaluation value according to the above-mentioned predetermined criteria is a monitoring system including the runway condition code defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
The computer outputs output data including the deposit information.
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to claim 16.
The output data includes at least one of text data, image data, or voice data including the deposit information.
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to claim 16 or 17.
The deposits deposited on the first surface include snow deposited on the runway surface.
The computer is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization, information on the thickness, type, density, particle size, water content, temperature, deposition distribution, coefficient of friction, particle uniformity, slipperiness of snow deposited on the runway surface. Output the output data including at least one of the runway condition code, the need for snow removal work, or whether takeoff and landing is possible.
Monitoring system. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 18 .
The monitoring device is a monitoring system having a moving unit capable of changing at least one of the position of the emitting unit, the posture of the emitting unit, the position of the detecting unit, or the posture of the detecting unit. The monitoring system according to claim 19 .
The detection unit has a sensor unit that detects each of the second electromagnetic wave and the third electromagnetic wave .
The moving unit is a position where the first electromagnetic wave is emitted, an angle of incidence of the first electromagnetic wave with respect to the second surface, a detection position of the sensor unit, or an optical axis of the sensor unit with respect to the second surface. A monitoring system that can change at least one of the angles.

Images