JP7018922B2 - Head-up display device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an information display device that projects an image onto the windshield of an automobile, train, aircraft, etc. (hereinafter, also generally referred to as a "vehicle"), and observes the image as a virtual image through the windshield. The present invention relates to a projection optical system and an information display device using the projection optical system.

A so-called head-up display (HUD: Head-Up) that projects image light onto the windshield of a car to form a virtual image and displays traffic information such as route information and traffic jam information, as well as car information such as remaining fuel and cooling water temperature. -Display) device is already known by the following Patent Document 1.

In this type of information display device, miniaturization is desired because the HUD device main body is arranged between the steering wheel in front of the driver's seat and the window glass.

On the other hand, for example, a device for mounting a main body near the ceiling (sun visor) of an automobile as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 below has also been proposed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-194707

PIONEER R & D (Vol. 22, 2013)

As shown in FIG. 27, the principle of virtual image generation by the concave mirror that realizes the head-up display device by the prior art is inside the focal length F (focal length f) with respect to the point O on the optical axis of the concave mirror 1'. By arranging the object point AB, it is possible to obtain a virtual image by the concave mirror 1'. In FIG. 27, for convenience of explanation, the concave mirror 1'is regarded as a convex lens having the same positive refractive power, and the virtual image generated between the object point and the convex lens (for convenience of explanation, represented by the concave mirror in FIG. 27 above). The relationship was shown.

In the prior art, in order to enlarge the size of the virtual image generated by the concave mirror 1', it is preferable to bring the object point AB closer to the focal point F, but in order to obtain a desired magnification, the radius of curvature of the concave mirror becomes smaller. .. As a result, the mirror size becomes small, and the result is that only a virtual image having a large magnifying power but a small observable range can be obtained. Therefore, in order to simultaneously satisfy (1) the desired virtual image size and (2) the required magnification M = b / a of the virtual image, the dimensions of the concave mirror should be adjusted to the viewing range, and the balance with the image display device should be taken into consideration. It is necessary to determine the magnification of the virtual image.

Therefore, in the prior art, in order to obtain a virtual image of a desired size, as shown in FIG. 27, it is necessary to increase the distance from the concave mirror 1'to the virtual image, and as a result, the size of the information display device becomes large. I had no choice but to become.

Further, as described above, the size of the virtual image visually recognized by the driver is such that the distance a between the image display device and the concave mirror 1'and the distance b between the concave mirror 1'and the virtual image caused by the inclination of the front glass are the virtual images. It was difficult to roughly match the image magnification of the upper end of the virtual image with the image magnification of the lower end of the virtual image because the upper end and the lower end of the virtual image are different. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the partial change in the image magnification (image distortion) by relatively reducing the difference between the upper and lower optical paths by increasing the b dimension described above, and the image display device and the concave mirror 1 A study was made to reduce the volume of the information display device by installing an optical path folding mirror between the'.

Further, in the example of the head-up display device disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, a device for displaying an image and a projection optical system for projecting an image displayed on the display device are provided, and the image is viewed from the display device as a projection optical system. It has a first mirror and a second mirror in the optical path of the person, the incident angle in the long axis direction of the image in the first mirror, the incident angle in the short axis direction of the image in the first mirror, and the image display surface and the first mirror of the display device. The miniaturization is realized by satisfying a predetermined condition for the relationship between the distance between the image and the horizontal width of the virtual image visually recognized by the viewer.

However, as will be described later, as a result of the studies by the inventors, in order to minimize the volume of the set, the focal length of the concave mirror (122 in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1) that creates a virtual image is shortened and displayed. It has been found that by shortening the distance between the position of the device and the focal length of the concave mirror, it can be realized without changing the size of the virtual image and without the folded mirror (121 of FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1).

On the other hand, in a device that mounts the main body near the ceiling (sun visor) of an automobile as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, if the HUD device comes off when the automobile causes a collision accident, the driver may be injured. Since there are still safety issues such as the fact that there is a property, the inventors considered that the method described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 will be the mainstream in the future.

Further, in Patent Document 1, the reflective surface of the windshield, which is the projected member (220), has a vertical radius of curvature of the windshield and a horizontal radius of curvature of the windshield when there are a plurality of viewpoint positions of the driver. In consideration of the difference in the center position of the windshield, as shown in all the embodiments, the projection optical system is optimized after considering the windshield as a toroidal shape.

Further, in the first, second, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh embodiments of Patent Document 1, the set size is reduced by arranging two mirrors in substantially the same plane between the driver and the display device. In order to reduce the size of the second mirror and the second mirror, which have a concave reflecting surface that generates a virtual image, the reflecting surface of each of the first mirrors, which has a convex reflecting surface, is set as a free curved surface. The distortion of the virtual image is reduced to a level that does not cause any problem in actual use over the entire viewpoint area.

Further, in the fifth embodiment, the first mirror is used as a reflective surface of a toroidal surface having a convex shape to facilitate the manufacture of a mirror. On the other hand, the second mirror is a concave mirror having a free curved surface shape as in the other embodiments.

In the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, it is necessary to arrange two mirrors between the observer and the display device, and the reflected light flux of the first mirror is not blocked by the second mirror. In order to arrange them in such a way, the degree of freedom of arrangement is lost and it is not possible to arrange them in close proximity, which hinders the miniaturization of the set. On the other hand, regarding the correction of the aberration generated in the virtual image viewed by the driver, the necessity of the correction and the specific reduction means thereof are not described at all and are not considered.

In the present invention, in order to realize the miniaturization of the device, the mirror having the concave reflecting surface forming the virtual image is configured as one piece, and at least one cross section of one surface is concave between the driver and the display device. By arranging a lens (having a negative refractive power), the distortion and aberration of the virtual image that the driver sees are reduced to a level where there is no practical problem while suppressing the enlargement and complexity of the set. It is an object of the present invention to provide an information display device capable of forming a virtual image.

The present invention made to achieve the above object is, as an example,
An information display device that displays virtual image video information on the front glass of a vehicle, a flat display that displays the video information, and a plurality of virtual images by reflecting the light emitted from the flat display on the front glass. It is provided with a virtual image optical system to be displayed in front of the vehicle, the virtual image optical system includes a concave mirror and an optical element, and the optical element has a virtual image superimposed on a distant view on the upper part of the windshield. Corresponds to the image light beam that establishes and establishes each virtual image separated between the flat display and the concave mirror so that the virtual image superimposed on the near view is established from the upper part to the lower part of the windshield. By optimizing the shape and position of the optical element, the information display device is compact but forms the plurality of virtual images at a plurality of positions corresponding to the viewpoint position of the driver.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an information display device capable of forming a highly visible virtual image in which distortion and aberration of the virtual image observed by the driver are corrected while realizing miniaturization of the device. Will be.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the schematic structure of the information display device and the peripheral device assigned to the information display device. It is a top view of the automobile equipped with the information display device of this invention. It is a block diagram explaining the difference of the radius of curvature of a windshield. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the information display device, the windshield, and the viewpoint position of a driver. It is a schematic block diagram which shows one Example of the virtual image optical system of the information display apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the arrangement of the virtual image optical system of the information display device as an Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the dimensional relationship between the concave mirror of the virtual image optical system of the information display apparatus of this invention, the image display apparatus, and the apparatus. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the concave mirror of the virtual image optical system of the information display apparatus of this invention, the distance of an image display apparatus, and the volume of an apparatus. It is a schematic diagram explaining the principle of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the arrangement of the image display device and the light source device in the information display device of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the light source device of the image display part of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the shape of the light guide body of the light source apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the cross-sectional shape of the light guide body of the light source apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the emission state of the light beam from the image display device and the light source device in the information display device of this invention. It is a characteristic diagram explaining the emission light distribution of the light beam from the light source device for a video display device in the information display device of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the method of the characteristic evaluation of the liquid crystal panel as a video display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the transmittance characteristic in the screen left-right direction of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the angular characteristic of the luminance in the right-and-left direction of a screen when white is displayed on the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the left-right angle characteristic of the backlight brightness of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the angular characteristic of the transmittance in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the angular characteristic of the luminance in the vertical direction at the time of white display of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic figure which shows the vertical angle characteristic of the backlight brightness of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the left-right angle characteristic of the contrast of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the left-right angle characteristic of the black display luminance of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the vertical angle characteristic of the contrast of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a characteristic figure which shows the vertical angle characteristic of the black display luminance of the liquid crystal panel as an image display device. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the principle of the virtual image optical system by the prior art.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the like. It should be noted that the following description shows specific examples of the contents of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these explanations, and is by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical idea disclosed in the present specification. Various changes and modifications are possible. Further, in all the drawings for explaining the present invention, those having the same function may be designated by the same reference numerals, and the repeated description thereof may be omitted.

<Embodiment of Information Display Device>
FIG. 1 is a block and a schematic configuration diagram showing a peripheral device configuration of an information display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, as an example thereof, in particular, an information display device that projects an image onto the windshield of an automobile. Will be explained.

In order to form a virtual image V1 in front of the own vehicle in the driver's line of sight 8, the information display device 100 displays various information reflected by the projected member 6 (in the present embodiment, the inner surface of the windshield) as a virtual image VI. It is a device (so-called HUD (Headup Display)) that displays as (Virtual Image). The projected member 6 may be a member to which information is projected, and is not limited to the windshield described above but also a combiner. That is, in the information device 100 of the present embodiment, any information may be provided as long as it forms a virtual image in front of the own vehicle in the driver's line of sight 8 and is visually recognized by the driver, and the information to be displayed as the virtual image may be present. For example, it is natural to include vehicle information and foreground information taken by a camera (not shown) such as a surveillance camera or an around viewer.

Further, in the information display device 100, the image display device 4 that projects the image light for displaying the information and the distortion and the aberration generated when the image displayed on the image display device 4 is formed into a virtual image by the concave mirror 1. A lens group 2 for correction is provided between the image display device 4 and the concave mirror 1 for correction.

The information display device 100 includes the video display device 4 and a control device 40 for controlling the backlight 5. The optical component including the image display device 4 and the backlight 5 is a virtual image optical system described below, and includes a concave mirror 1 that reflects light. Further, the light reflected by the optical component 5 is reflected by the projected member 6 and heads toward the driver's line of sight 8 (EyeBox: described in detail later).

Examples of the image display device 4 include a self-luminous VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display) in addition to an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) having a backlight.

On the other hand, instead of the above-mentioned image display device 4, an image is displayed on the screen by a projection device, which is converted into a virtual image by the above-mentioned concave mirror 1 and reflected by the windshield 6 which is a projected member, and faces the driver's viewpoint 8. You may let it go.

Such a screen may be configured by, for example, a microlens array in which microlenses are arranged two-dimensionally.

More specifically, in order to reduce the distortion of the virtual image, the shape of the concave mirror 1 is the upper part shown in FIG. 1 (the region where the light rays are reflected below the front glass 6 having a relatively short distance from the driver's viewpoint). In), the radius of curvature is relatively small so that the enlargement ratio is large, while the enlargement ratio is in the lower part (the region where light rays are reflected above the front glass 6 which is relatively long distance from the driver's viewpoint). It is preferable to have a shape in which the radius of curvature is relatively large so that Further, even better correction can be realized by correcting the difference in the virtual image magnification described above by inclining the image display device 4 with respect to the optical axis of the concave mirror and reducing the distortion itself generated.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the windshield 6 of a passenger car has a different radius of curvature Rv in the vertical direction of the main body and a radius of curvature Rh in the horizontal direction, and generally has a relationship of Rh> Rv. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when the windshield 6 is captured as the reflective surface, it becomes a toroidal surface of the concave mirror. Therefore, in the information display device of the present invention shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the concave mirror 1 corrects the imaginary magnification due to the shape of the front glass 6, that is, the difference between the vertical direction and the horizontal direction radius of curvature of the front glass. The average radius of curvature may be different in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to be corrected. At this time, the shape of the concave mirror 1 is a function of the distance r from the optical axis in a spherical surface or an aspherical shape (shape represented by the equation of Equation 2 described later) symmetric to the optical axis, and is horizontal at a distant place. Since the cross section and the vertical cross section shape cannot be controlled individually, it is preferable to correct the free curved surface represented by the equation of Equation 1 described later as a function of the surface coordinates (x, y) from the optical axis of the mirror surface.

Returning to FIG. 1 again, by further arranging, for example, a lens element 2 as a transmissive optical component between the image display device 4 and the concave mirror 1, and thereby controlling the emission direction of the light beam to the concave mirror. While correcting the distortion along with the shape of the concave mirror, it also realizes the correction of the aberration of the virtual image including the astigmatism caused by the difference between the horizontal radius of curvature and the vertical radius of curvature of the front glass 6 described above. ..

Further, in order to further enhance the aberration correction ability, the above-mentioned optical element 2 may be used as a plurality of lenses. Alternatively, distortion can be reduced by arranging a curved mirror instead of the lens element and controlling the incident position of the light beam on the concave mirror 1 at the same time as turning back the optical path. As described above, even if an optical element optimally designed for improving the aberration correction capability is provided between the concave mirror 1 and the image display device 4, it deviates from the technical idea or scope of the present invention. Needless to say, it is not. Further, by changing the thickness of the optical element 2 in the optical axis direction described above, the optical distance between the concave mirror 1 and the image display device 4 is changed in addition to the original aberration correction, and the display position of the virtual image is far away. It can also be changed continuously from to the close position.

Further, the difference in the vertical magnification of the virtual image may be corrected by arranging the image display device 4 at an angle with respect to the optical axis normal of the concave mirror 1.

On the other hand, as a factor of deteriorating the image quality of the information display device, the image beam emitted from the image display device 4 toward the concave mirror 1 is reflected by the surface of the optical element 2 arranged in the middle and returns to the image display device, and then again. It is known that the image quality is deteriorated by being reflected and superimposed on the original image light. Therefore, in the present invention, not only the antireflection film is formed on the surface of the optical element 2 to suppress reflection, but also the lens surface of either or both of the video light incident surface and the emitted surface of the optical element 2 is formed. It is preferable to design the shape so that the above-mentioned reflected light is not extremely focused on a part of the image display device 4 with a shape restriction.

Next, if the image display device 4 is a liquid crystal panel on which a polarizing plate is arranged in order to absorb the reflected light from the optical element 2 described above, the deterioration of the image quality can be reduced. Further, the backlight 5 of the liquid crystal panel is controlled so that the incident direction of the light incident on the liquid crystal panel 4 is efficiently incident on the entrance pupil of the concave mirror 1. Further, as a light source, it is preferable to use a solid light source having a long product life, and further, a PBS provided with an optical means for reducing the light emission angle as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) having a small change in light output with respect to fluctuations in ambient temperature. It is preferable to perform polarization conversion using (Polarising Beam Splitter).

Polarizing plates are arranged on the backlight 5 side (light incident surface) and the optical element 2 side (light emitting surface) of the liquid crystal panel to increase the contrast ratio of the image light. If an iodine-based polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization is used for the polarizing plate provided on the backlight 5 side (light incident surface), a high contrast ratio can be obtained. On the other hand, by using a dye-based polarizing plate on the optical element 2 side (light emitting surface), it is possible to obtain high reliability even when external light is incident or the environmental temperature is high.

When a liquid crystal panel is used as an image display device, particularly when the driver wears polarized sunglasses, a problem occurs in which a specific polarization is shielded and the image cannot be seen. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to arrange a λ / 4 plate on the optical element side of the polarizing plate arranged on the optical element 2 side of the liquid crystal panel, thereby converting the image light aligned in a specific polarization direction into circular polarization. ..

From such a navigation system 61, the control device 40 has various types such as a speed limit and the number of lanes of the road corresponding to the current position where the own vehicle is traveling, a planned movement route of the own vehicle set in the navigation system 61, and the like. Information is acquired as foreground information (that is, information displayed in front of the own vehicle by the above virtual image).

The driving support ECU 62 is a control device that realizes driving support control by controlling a drive system and a control system according to an obstacle detected as a result of monitoring by the peripheral monitoring device 63. , Cruise control, adaptive cruise control, pre-crash safety, lane keeping assist and other well-known technologies.

The peripheral monitoring device 63 is a device that monitors the situation around the own vehicle, and as an example, a camera that detects an object existing around the own vehicle based on an image taken around the own vehicle, or an exploration wave. It is an exploration device that detects objects existing around the own vehicle based on the result of transmitting and receiving.

The control device 40 acquires information from such a driving support ECU 62 (for example, the distance to the preceding vehicle, the direction of the preceding vehicle, the position where an obstacle or a sign exists, etc.) as foreground information. Further, an ignition (IG) signal and own vehicle state information are input to the control device 40. Among these information, the own vehicle state information is information acquired as vehicle information, and for example, it means that a predetermined abnormal state such as the remaining amount of fuel of the internal combustion engine and the temperature of the cooling water has occurred. Contains warning information to represent. It also includes the operation result of the turn signal, the traveling speed of the own vehicle, and the shift position information. The control device 40 described above is activated when an ignition signal is input. The above is a description of the entire information display device system of the present invention.

<First Embodiment of Virtual Image Optical System>
Next, further details of the virtual image optical system according to the present invention and the image display device will be described below.

As described above, FIG. 2 is a top view of an automobile equipped with the information display device of the present invention, and a windshield as a projected member 6 is present in the front portion of the driver's seat of the automobile main body 101. The angle of inclination of this windshield with respect to the vehicle body differs depending on the type of automobile. Furthermore, the inventors also investigated this radius of curvature in order to realize an optimum virtual image optical system. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the windshield is different between the horizontal radius of curvature Rh parallel to the ground plane of the automobile and the vertical radius of curvature Rv orthogonal to the horizontal axis, and is different from Rh. It was found that there is generally the following relationship between Rvs.
Rh> Rv

It was also found that this difference in radius of curvature, that is, Rh with respect to Rv, is often in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 times.

Next, the inventors investigated commercially available products regarding the inclination angle of the windshield. As a result, although it varies depending on the vehicle body type, it was 20 to 30 degrees for the light vehicle and the 1Box type, 30 to 40 degrees for the sedan type, and 40 degrees or more for the sports type. Therefore, in the present invention, the difference between the horizontal radius of curvature Rh parallel to the ground plane of the windshield and the vertical radius of curvature Rv orthogonal to the horizontal axis and the inclination angle of the windshield are considered. We designed an imaginary optical system.

More specifically, since the horizontal radius of curvature Rh and the vertical radius of curvature Rv of the front glass, which is the projected member, are significantly different from each other, they are perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the front glass and this axis with respect to the optical axis (Z axis). Good aberration correction was realized by providing the optical element 2 whose axis is asymmetric with respect to the horizontal axis in the virtual image optical system.

Next, the inventors examined the miniaturization of the information display device 100. The conditions for the study were horizontal: 7 degrees and vertical 2.6 degrees for the FOV, and the virtual image distance was 2 m. At the beginning of the study, the image display device 4 and the concave surface are based on the basic configuration of the concave mirror 1 (which is simply displayed as a flat mirror in FIGS. 5 and 6 below), the image display device 4, and the backlight 5 that generate a virtual image. One optical path folding mirror is arranged between the mirrors 1, and simulation is performed using the arrangement of each member and the distance from the image display device 4 to the concave mirror 1 as parameters so that the volume of the information display device 100 is minimized. went.

As a result, the volume when the video light from the video display device 4 was arranged so as not to interfere with each component was 3.6 liters. After that, a direct method excluding the optical path folding mirror was examined with the aim of further miniaturization. The results of the study are summarized in FIGS. 5 and 6. Table 1 shows the actual numerical values in FIG.

The configuration of the virtual image optical system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram showing a basic configuration for studying miniaturization in the virtual image optical system of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1. For the sake of simplification of the description, the optical element for correcting aberration and distortion is omitted, and the vertical cross-sectional shape thereof is shown as in the window glass 6 shown in FIG. Assuming a liquid crystal panel as the image display device 4, the basic configuration is such that the backlight 5 is arranged, and the image display device 4 arranges the displayed image at a position where a virtual image can be obtained by the concave mirror 1.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the image light R2 generated from the image in the center of the screen of the image display device 4, the image light R1 from the upper end, and the image light R3 from the lower end are each formed by the concave mirror 1. It is a design restriction to arrange the light so that it does not interfere with the image display device 4 when reflected and the light is not blocked.

In FIG. 6, in consideration of the above-mentioned design restrictions, at the same time, the FOV is set to horizontal: 7 degrees and vertical to 2.6 degrees, and further, the virtual image distance is 2 m, and the concave mirror 1 and the image display device 4 (liquid crystal panel and backlight) are shown. The volume of the information display device 100 was determined using the distance Z from 5) as a parameter. When the distance Z is 100 mm, the configuration shown in FIG. 6C is obtained, and in this case, the vertical dimension of the concave mirror 1 can be minimized. When the distance Z is 75 mm, as shown in FIG. 6B, the angle α2 between the horizontal plane and the concave mirror 1 becomes large, and the vertical dimension of the concave mirror 1 also becomes large. When the distance Z is further shortened to 50 mm or less, as shown in FIG. 6A, the angle α3 between the horizontal plane and the concave mirror 1 becomes large, and the vertical dimension of the concave mirror 1 also becomes large.

FIG. 7 is a result of simulating the relationship between the set height and the set depth of the video display device 4 with the distance Z as a parameter. When the distance Z is reduced, the set depth can be reduced, but the set height becomes high. Similarly, FIG. 8 summarizes the relationship between the distance Z and the set volume L, and is a set volume (LCD in FIG. 8) as compared with the space volume from the image display device 4 to the concave mirror (in FIG. 8, it is indicated as the optical path volume). The change of the drive circuit, the light source drive circuit, and the volume of the backlight portion) changes with the distance Z as a boundary of 60 mm.

From the above, in order to reduce the size of the information display device 100, it is necessary to realize a virtual image optical system having a short distance Z for directly magnifying the image displayed on the image display device 4 with a concave mirror, and the image display device. It was found that the center of the image display unit 4 in the vertical direction of the screen needs to be arranged below the center of the concave mirror 1.

On the other hand, in this arrangement, the distance between the image display device 4 and the upper end of the concave mirror 1 (corresponding to the light ray R1) is long, and the distance between the image display device 4 and the lower end of the concave mirror 1 (corresponding to the light ray R3) is short. .. Therefore, the image display device 4 is moved in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 6A and moved within a range that does not interfere with the image light (blocks the light), so that the distance between the image display device 4 and the concave mirror 1 is as uniform as possible. It is better to arrange it so that it becomes.

In the virtual image optical system of the present invention, distortion correction of a virtual image and aberration correction by an optical element for correcting aberrations generated in the virtual image are performed between the image display device 4 and the concave mirror 1, and this will be described with reference to FIG. .. That is, by arranging the image display device 4 (object point) inside the focal length F (focal length f) with respect to the point O on the optical axis of the concave mirror 1, a virtual image by the concave mirror 1 can be obtained. In FIG. 9, for convenience of explanation, the concave mirror 1 is regarded as a convex lens having the same positive refractive power, and the relationship between the object point and the convex lens (for convenience of explanation, represented by the concave mirror in FIG. 9) and the generated virtual image is shown. Indicated.

In the present invention, the optical element 2 is arranged in order to reduce the distortion and aberration generated in the concave mirror 1. Depending on this optical element, it may be a transmissive optical lens or a concave mirror, but the image light from the image display device 4 is:
(1) When incident on the reflecting surface as a telecentric light flux, the refractive power of the lens or the concave mirror 1 becomes almost zero;
(2) When the image light from the image display device 4 is diverged and incident on the optical element, the optical element has a positive refractive power;
(3) When the image light from the image display device 4 is condensed and incident on the optical element, the optical element has a negative refractive power;
In this way, the direction (angle and position) of the light flux incident on the concave mirror is controlled, and the distortion of the generated virtual image is corrected. Further, in the case of the transmissive optical lens, the aberration related to the imaging performance generated in the virtual image is corrected by the interaction between the incident surface on the image display device 4 side and the exit surface on the concave mirror 1 side.

At this time, as described above, the size of the virtual image visually recognized by the driver is such that the distance a between the image display device 4 and the concave mirror 1 and the distance b between the concave mirror 1 and the virtual image caused by the inclination of the windshield are the upper ends of the virtual image. And at the bottom.

Therefore, the inventors tilt the image display device 4 with respect to the optical axis of the concave mirror 1 as shown in FIG. 9, so that the image magnification M'= b'/ a'at the upper end of the virtual image and the lower end of the virtual image are obtained. It was found that it is even better to reduce the distortion that occurs by making the image magnification M = b / a of the part substantially the same.

Further, the average radius of curvature of the vertical cross-sectional shape of the optical element 2 and the average radius of curvature of the horizontal cross-sectional shape are set as different values, and due to the difference between the vertical radius of curvature Rv and the horizontal radius of curvature Rh of the front glass described above. It corrects the distortion caused by the generated optical path difference and the aberration that deteriorates the imaging performance of the virtual image.

As described above, in the information display device 100 that directly reflects the image light on the front glass 6 to obtain a virtual image, the optical path difference caused by the difference between the vertical radius of curvature Rv and the horizontal radius of curvature Rh of the front glass 6 causes. Correction of the generated aberration is the most important for ensuring the imaging performance of the virtual image.

Therefore, the inventors have defined an aspherical shape that defines the shape of the lens surface or the mirror surface as a function of the distance r from the optical axis, which has been used in the conventional optical design (see (Equation 2) below). On the other hand, by using a free curved surface shape (see the formula of Equation 1 below) that can define the shape of the surface as a function of the absolute coordinates (x, y) from the optical axis, the above-mentioned front glass The deterioration of the imaging performance of the virtual image due to the difference in the radius of curvature of the image was reduced.

The aspherical shape that defines the shape of the lens surface and the mirror surface as a function of the distance r from the optical axis is expressed by the following equation (2).

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a main part of the liquid crystal panel and the backlight light source 5 as the image display device 4 of the virtual image optical system according to the first embodiment described above. The image is displayed on the liquid crystal panel display surface 11 by modulating the light from the backlight with the image signal input from the flexible substrate 10 of the liquid crystal panel, and the displayed image is displayed as a virtual image optical system (in the embodiment, a free curved concave surface). A virtual image is generated by a mirror and a free curved optical element) to convey video information to the driver.

In the above configuration, a relatively inexpensive and highly reliable LED light source is used as the solid-state light source for the light source element of the backlight light source 5. Since the LED uses a surface light emitting type in order to increase the output, the light utilization efficiency is improved by using a technical device described later. The luminous efficiency with respect to the input power of the LED varies depending on the emission color, but is about 20 to 30%, and most of the rest is converted into heat. For this reason, the frame for mounting the LED is provided with fins 13 for heat dissipation made of a member having high thermal conductivity (for example, a metal member such as aluminum) to dissipate heat to the outside, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the LED itself. The effect of improving is obtained.

In particular, LEDs currently on the market that use red as the emission color have a significantly reduced luminous efficiency when the junction temperature rises, and at the same time, the chromaticity of the image also changes. It is preferable to increase the area of the corresponding heat radiation fins to improve the cooling efficiency. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the light source 18 is used in order to efficiently guide the diffused light from the LED to the liquid crystal panel 4, but the entire surface is covered with, for example, an exterior member 16 so that dust or the like does not adhere to the light source. It is preferable to combine them as a light source.

Further, FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of a main part of the light source unit including the LED as the light source, the light guide body, and the diffuser plate, and as is clear from the figure, the light funnels 21, 22, and 23 are shown. The openings 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a that take in the divergent light rays from the 24 LEDs are flat, and a medium is inserted between them and the LED to optically connect them, or the openings 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a have a light-collecting action as a convex shape. As a result, the diverging light source is regarded as parallel light as much as possible, and the incident angle of the light incident on the interface of the light funnel is reduced. As a result, since the divergence angle can be further reduced after passing through the light funnel, it becomes easy to control the light source light directed to the liquid crystal panel after being reflected by the light guide body 18.

Further, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the divergent light from the LED, the junction portion 25 of the light funnel 21 to 24 and the light guide body 18 is subjected to polarization conversion using PBS ((Polarising Beam Splitter)) to obtain a desired polarization direction. By converting to, the efficiency of the incident light on the LCD can be improved.

As described above, when the polarization directions of the light source lights are aligned, a material having less birefringence is used as the material of the light guide body 18, and when the direction of polarization rotates and passes through the liquid crystal panel, for example, when displaying black. It is even better to prevent problems such as coloring from occurring.

As described above, the light flux from the LED with the reduced divergence angle is controlled by the light guide, reflected by the total reflection surface provided on the slope of the light guide 18, and is between the facing surface and the liquid crystal panel. After being diffused by the arranged diffusion member 14, it is incident on the liquid crystal panel 4 as an image display device. In this embodiment, as described above, the diffusion member 14 is arranged between the light guide body 18 and the liquid crystal panel 4, but the end face of the light guide body 18 has a diffusion effect, for example, a fine uneven shape. Even if it is provided, the same effect can be obtained.

Next, the configuration of the light guide body 18 described above and the effect obtained by the configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. FIG. 12 is an external view showing the light guide body 18 of the present invention. The luminous flux whose divergence angle is reduced by the light funnels 21 to 24 shown in FIG. 11 is incident on the light incident surface 18a of the light guide body 18 due to the effect of the shape of the incident surface (the cross-sectional shape is shown in FIG. 13). The divergence angle in the vertical direction (vertical direction in FIG. 13) is controlled, and the light propagates efficiently in the light guide body 18.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the light guide, and the light source light whose divergence angle is reduced in the light funnels 21 to 24 is incident from the incident surface 18a as described above via the joint portion 25. , Total internal reflection is performed by the prism 18 provided on the facing surface, and the light is directed toward the facing surface 17. The total reflection prism 18 is divided into steps in the vicinity of the incident surface 18a (enlarged view of part B) and at the end (enlarged view of part A) according to the divergence angle of the light flux incident on each surface. The angle of the total reflection surface is controlled by this. On the other hand, the luminous flux divided by using the above-mentioned division dimension of the total reflection surface as a variable so that the light amount distribution in the emission surface of the liquid crystal panel 4 of the light flux incident on the liquid crystal panel 4 which is an image display device becomes uniform. It controls the arrival position and the amount of energy after reflection.

FIG. 14 shows the results of simulating the state in which the light emitted from the backlight has passed through the liquid crystal panel in the information display device 100 of the present invention. FIG. 14 (a) is a diagram showing the light emission state seen from the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal panel, and FIG. 14 (b) shows the light emission state seen from the short side of the liquid crystal panel. In the present invention, in order to widen the horizontal angle of the FOV beyond the design, the horizontal diffusion angle is increased with respect to the vertical direction, and even when the driver shakes his head or the eye position moves, the left and right sides are left and right. It is designed so that the brightness of the imaginary image seen by the eyes does not change drastically.

Further, as in the embodiment of the present invention, the brightness distribution of the emission surface of the liquid crystal panel 4 and the characteristic evaluation of the liquid crystal panel when a backlight whose light emission direction and intensity are controlled by using the light guide body 18 are used. The method is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. As is clear from the figure, it is possible to reduce the inclination of the brightness decrease outside the effective range in the screen vertical direction (long side direction) with respect to the brightness distribution in the screen vertical direction (short side direction).

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 20, the emitted light (image light) from the liquid crystal panel used as the image display device in the information display device 100 of the present invention is ± 50 when the viewing angles in the left-right and up-down directions are used as parameters. Shows a given transmittance in the range of °. If the viewing angle range is within ± 40 °, better transmittance characteristics can be obtained. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 21, the brightness of the screen differs greatly depending on the viewing direction (viewing angle) of the display screen in the left-right direction and the up-down direction. This is due to the angular characteristics of the backlight brightness shown in FIGS. 19 and 22.

Therefore, the inventors have determined the angle of the total reflection surface of the light guide 18 and the light funnels 21 to 24 so that the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 4 taken into the imaginary optical system can be obtained as light as perpendicular to the screen as possible. By controlling the divergence angle of the light source light from the LED and narrowing down the viewing angle characteristic of the backlight to a small range, high brightness was obtained. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 21, in order to obtain a high-brightness image, light in a range of ± 30 ° at the left and right viewing angles is used, and the contrast shown in FIGS. 23 and 25 is used. Considering the performance, by narrowing down to ± 20 ° or less, it was possible to obtain a virtual image using a source image with good image quality at the same time.

As described above, the contrast performance that affects the image quality of the video display device can reduce the brightness of the black display (marked as black display brightness in FIGS. 24 and 26), which is the basis for determining the image quality. It depends on. Therefore, it is preferable to use an iodine-based polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization between the liquid crystal panel 4 and the backlight.

On the other hand, by using a dye-based polarizing plate as the polarizing plate provided on the optical element 2 side (light emitting surface), high reliability can be obtained even when external light is incident or the environmental temperature is high.

When color display is performed on the liquid crystal panel 4, a color filter corresponding to each pixel is provided. Therefore, when the light source color of the backlight is white, the light absorption by the color filter is large and the loss is large. Therefore, the inventors, as shown in FIG. 11 above, use a plurality of LEDs:
(1) Add a green LED that contributes more to brightness than when a plurality of white LEDs are used.
(2) Add a red or blue LED to the white LED to enhance the glossiness of the image.
(3) By arranging the red, blue, and green LEDs individually and adding a green LED that contributes greatly to the brightness and driving the LEDs individually, the color reproduction range can be expanded and the glossiness can be enhanced. At the same time, the brightness is improved.
(4) By carrying out the above (3), the transmittance of each color filter with respect to the peak luminance of the red, blue, and green LEDs is increased, and the overall brightness is improved.
(5) Further, as a second embodiment of the backlight, by arranging PBS between the light funnel and the light guide to align with a specific polarization, damage to the polarizing plate on the incident side of the liquid crystal panel is reduced. do. Needless to say, the polarization direction of the polarizing plate arranged on the incident side of the liquid crystal panel may be the direction in which the polarization aligned in a specific direction passes after passing through PBS (Polarising Beam Splitter).

As described above, as the image light source device 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is also possible to provide a λ / 4 plate on the exit surface of the liquid crystal display panel so that the emitted light is circularly polarized. As a result, the driver can monitor a good virtual image even when wearing polarized sunglasses.

Furthermore, by forming the reflective film of the reflective mirror used in the imaginary optical system with a metal multilayer film, the angle dependence of the reflectance is small, and the reflectance may change depending on the polarization direction (P wave or S wave). Therefore, it is possible to keep the color and brightness of the screen uniform.

Furthermore, by providing an optical member that combines an ultraviolet reflecting film or an ultraviolet reflecting film and an infrared reflecting film between the virtual image optical system and the front glass, even if external light (sunlight) is incident, the liquid crystal display panel Since the polarizing plate can be reduced from the temperature rise and damage, the effect that the reliability of the information display device is not impaired can be obtained.

In addition, the imaginary optical system is optimally designed including the difference between the radius of curvature in the vehicle horizontal direction and the radius of curvature in the vertical direction of the windshield, which was used as a projected member in the prior art, and the windshield and the image display device or intermediate. A concave mirror 1 having a concave surface facing the windshield 6 side is arranged between the image display units, whereby the image of the image display device is enlarged and reflected by the windshield 6. At this time, an optical element is arranged between the concave mirror 1 and the image display device 4, and on the other hand, an enlarged image (virtual image) of the image formed corresponding to the viewpoint position of the driver is formed. The image luminous flux is passed through the optical elements arranged between the image display devices, and the distortion and aberration generated in the concave mirror 1 are corrected. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a virtual image with significantly reduced distortion and aberration as compared with the conventional virtual image optical system having only a concave mirror.

Further, in the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the virtual image obtained by being reflected by the upper part of the windshield 6 (the upper part in the vertical direction of the vehicle body) needs to be imaged farther. Therefore, in order to satisfactorily image the image light beam emitted from the upper part of the image display device on which the corresponding image is displayed, the optical element arranged between the concave mirror 1 and the image display device 4 described above is used. The focal length f1 is short, and conversely, the virtual image obtained by being reflected by the lower part of the front glass 6 (lower part in the vertical direction of the vehicle body) needs to be imaged closer. Therefore, in order to satisfactorily image the image luminous flux emitted from the lower part of the image display device on which the corresponding image is displayed, a plurality of optical elements arranged between the concave mirror 1 and the image display device 4 described above. It is preferable that the combined focal length f2 of is set relatively long.

Further, in the present invention, the screen distortion of the virtual image viewed by the driver is caused by the difference between the horizontal (parallel to the ground) radius of curvature of the front glass 6 and the vertical (vertical to the horizontal direction of the front glass) radius of curvature. In order to make corrections, the above-mentioned distortion correction is realized by arranging optical elements having different axial symmetry with respect to the optical axis in the virtual image optical system.

The planar light source device suitable for use in an electronic device provided with an image display device according to various embodiments of the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiment describes the entire system in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and is not necessarily limited to the one including all the described configurations. Further, it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment, and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add / delete / replace a part of the configuration of each embodiment with another configuration.

100 ... Information display device, 101 ... Automobile, 1 ... Concave mirror, 2 ... Optical element, 4 ... Liquid crystal display panel, 5 ... Backlight light source, 6 ... Projected member (front glass), 7 ... Housing, V1 ... Virtual image , 8 ... eye box (observer's eye), 9 ... light source unit, R1 ... upper limit image light, R2 ... center image light, R3 ... lower limit image light, 10 ... flexible substrate, 11 ... image display surface, 12 ... frame, 13 ... Fins, 14 ... Diffuse members, 16 ... Exterior members, 17 ... Exit surfaces, 18 ... Light sources, 20 ... Light funnel units, 21 ... Light funnels, 22 ... Light funnels, 23 ... Light funnels, 24 ... Light funnels , 21a ... light funnel opening, 22a ... light funnel opening, 23a ... light funnel opening, 24a ... light funnel opening, 25 ... junction (PBS).

Claims (9)

It ’s a head-up display device.
A display element that displays an image and
A light source device that supplies light to the display element and
An optical system for displaying a virtual image based on the light from the display element is provided.
The light source device has a means for reducing the divergence angle of the divergent light from the light source and a reflecting surface for adjusting the light emission direction and the divergence angle to the display element, and propagates the light from the light source to the display element. With a light source,
The optical system includes an optical element arranged on an optical path and a reflection mirror.
The optical element has a surface shape that adjusts the direction of the light flux incident on the reflection mirror according to the light emission angle from the display element.
Depending on the radial and horizontal radii of curvature of the windshield, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the reflective mirror is the average curvature of the top and bottom with respect to the vertical direction when the reflective mirror is placed on the optical path. Shapes with different radii,
The center of the display area of the display element is arranged so as to be lower than the center of the reflection mirror with respect to the vertical direction.
The reflection mirror is arranged so that the reflected light from the reflection mirror is not blocked by the display element and the optical element .
By changing the thickness of the optical element in the optical axis direction in the vertical direction, the optical distance between the reflection mirror and the display element is changed, and the display position of the virtual image is continuously displayed from a distant position to a close position. To change to
Head-up display device. It ’s a head-up display device.
A display element that displays an image and
A light source device that supplies light to the display element and
An optical system for displaying a virtual image based on the light from the display element is provided.
The light source device has a means for reducing the divergence angle of the divergent light from the light source and a reflecting surface for adjusting the light emission direction and the divergence angle to the display element, and propagates the light from the light source to the display element. With a light source,
The optical system includes an optical element arranged on an optical path and a reflection mirror.
The optical element has a surface shape that adjusts the direction of the light flux incident on the reflection mirror according to the light emission angle from the display element.
Depending on the vertical and horizontal radius of curvature of the windshield, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the reflective mirror is magnified more than the lower part at the top with respect to the vertical direction when the reflection mirror is placed on the optical path. The shape has a small average radius of curvature so that
Optics in the optical axis direction of the optical element so that the virtual image obtained by being reflected by the upper part of the windshield is formed farther from the viewpoint position of the driver than the virtual image obtained by being reflected by the lower part. The target distance is set so that the optical distance through which the light beam passes in the upper part of the optical element is shorter than the optical distance through which the light beam passes through in the lower part of the optical element .
By changing the thickness of the optical element in the optical axis direction in the vertical direction, the optical distance between the reflection mirror and the display element is changed, and the display position of the virtual image is continuously displayed from a distant position to a close position. To change to
Head-up display device. The head-up display device according to claim 2.
The reflection mirror is arranged so that the reflected light from the reflection mirror is not blocked by the display element and the optical element.
Head-up display device. The head-up display device according to claim 1.
The optical distance of the optical element in the optical axis direction is such that the optical distance through which the light beam passes in the upper part of the optical element is shorter than the optical distance through which the light beam passes through in the lower part of the optical element.
Head-up display device. The head-up display device according to claim 2.
The center of the display area of the display element is arranged so as to be lower than the center of the reflection mirror with respect to the vertical direction.
Head-up display device. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
The reflection mirror is arranged between the display element and the projection surface on the optical path.
The optical element is arranged between the display element and the reflection mirror.
Head-up display device. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
The optical element has a different average radius of curvature in the horizontal direction and an average radius of curvature in the vertical direction.
Head-up display device. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
The display element is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the optical axis of the reflection mirror.
Head-up display device. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
The light guide has a reflective surface inside the light guide that reflects light from the light source, and the reflective surfaces are separated from each other.
Head-up display device.

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