JP6976005B1 - Panel manufacturing method and panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a panel capable of increasing the joining strength from an initial stage and maintaining the joining strength without using an adhesive. SOLUTION: A panel 100 is arranged so that two adjacent panels are in contact with each other in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of base materials 110 each having a plurality of holes penetrating in the arrangement direction are arranged, and one panel is arranged in each of the holes. A plurality of fastening members 130, which are press-fitted in a direction to fasten a plurality of substrates, are provided. The first wood, which is at least two of the plurality of base materials, has a water content higher than the equilibrium water content of the internal space formed when the building is constructed using the panel. The fastening material is a wood having a columnar main body portion and a plurality of projecting portions radially protruding from the main body portion, and has a larger air-dry specific gravity than the first wood, and has a water content lower than the equilibrium water content. The protrusion is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fastener, and the ends of the adjacent protrusions on the side of the main body are connected to each other, and the tip of the protrusion is deformed along the peripheral surface of the hole. To prepare for. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a panel manufacturing method and a panel, and more particularly to a panel manufacturing method and a panel in which a base material containing wood is arranged.

In Japan, the forest resources of artificial forests are abundant, and it is required to promote the utilization of timber. The reason is that artificial forests occupy about 40% of Japanese forests, and many artificial forests have been planted for about 50 years, and the amount of accumulated forests is increasing. Because. It is also because the utilization of forest resources, which are sustainable natural resources, can contribute to the achievement of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals).

Here, many of the current laminated woods use an adhesive. Therefore, from the viewpoint of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) and reduction of environmental load, wood structural members that do not use adhesives are required.

In addition, large-scale equipment is required for mass production of laminated wood using adhesives. Therefore, it is difficult for small and medium-sized lumber companies, which are responsible for producing timber products in each region, to utilize the forest resources of each region to produce laminated timber. In order for small and medium-sized lumber companies to produce laminated timber, a method that does not require large-scale equipment is required as a method for producing laminated timber. Nowadays, sawmills are becoming larger in scale, but in order to utilize domestic forest resources, it is necessary to produce a variety of timber products, including small and medium-sized lumber companies, and take advantage of the characteristics of small and medium-sized sawmills. In addition, wood products regardless of scale are required. Here, the laminated wood and plywood factories that use adhesives are premised on mass production by an intensive industry, so large-scale equipment is required. Therefore, it does not contribute to the revitalization of small and medium-sized lumber companies that do not have production facilities for laminated timber in each region. Therefore, in order to revitalize small and medium-sized lumber companies in each region, there is a need for a timber utilization system that does not require large-scale equipment, utilizes local timber by a relatively handicraft method, and produces timber products. Has been done.

In addition, in recent years, the number of young people entering the construction industry is small, so the number of craftsmen responsible for construction work is aging, and the shortage of craftsmen is further increasing. Therefore, in order to cope with the shortage of craftsmen, it is necessary to increase the degree of processing at the factory and promote the simplification of construction.

Here, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique relating to laminated wood that does not use an adhesive. In the technique according to Patent Document 1, three or more pieces of wood such as square lumber or plate-like material are stacked in a plane without using an adhesive, and the dowels are joined by a plurality of dowels made of wood, and the dowels are appropriately inclined. It is provided with an angle. The dowels are partially penetrated from both sides in the width direction of three or more stacked timbers in a plane, and have an overlapping portion in the center.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-2581

However, in Patent Document 1, it is necessary that the direction in which the dowel penetrates the laminated wood is slanted with respect to the laminating direction of the wood. Moreover, there are two or more types of dowel penetration directions. Therefore, it is necessary to make a plurality of holes in two or more kinds of diagonal directions in the laminated wood. The force direction when the dowel is driven into the hole of the laminated wood is also two or more diagonal directions. Therefore, the technique according to Patent Document 1 has a problem that the manufacturing method becomes complicated.

Further, Patent Document 1 has a problem that the through hole of the dowel approaches at the center and has an overlapping portion, so that the cross-sectional defect becomes large at the intersection of the diagonal through holes. In addition, when laminated timber is used by arranging it in the width direction, the adjacent laminated lumber can be combined because there are two types of pushing directions and it is not possible to push in two directions at the same time with a dowel that protrudes in two types of diagonal directions. Since there is no such thing, there is also the problem that it cannot be integrated by using multiple sheets.

The present disclosure has been made in order to solve such a problem, and when manufacturing a building member (panel) in which a base material containing a plurality of woods is laminated, an adhesive is not used at the initial stage. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a panel and a panel for easily manufacturing the panel so that the joint strength can be increased from the stage and the joint strength can be maintained.

The method for manufacturing a panel according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is a method for manufacturing a panel including a plurality of base materials having a longitudinal direction in a uniaxial direction and a plurality of first fastening materials for fastening each base material. , One for each of the step of aligning the longitudinal directions of the plurality of base materials and arranging them so that two adjacent ones are in contact with each other, and the plurality of holes formed through each base material in the arrangement direction of the base materials. Each includes a step of press-fitting the first fastening material in the same direction as the arrangement direction to fasten each base material. Here, the plurality of base materials contain at least two or more first woods, which are the first tree species, and the first woods are formed when a building is constructed using the panels. The degree of dryness is adjusted so that the moisture content is higher than the equilibrium moisture content of the internal space. Each of the plurality of first fastening materials includes a columnar main body portion and a plurality of projecting portions radially protruding from the main body portion, and the second tree species has a larger air-dry specific gravity than the first tree species. The degree of dryness is adjusted so that the moisture content is lower than the equilibrium moisture content, and the outermost diameter of the cross-sectional shape is larger than the diameter of the hole. Each of the plurality of protrusions is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the first fastener, and is characterized in that the end portions on the side of the main body portion of the adjacent protrusions are connected to each other.

The panel according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is a plurality of substrates having a longitudinal direction in the uniaxial direction and arranged so that two adjacent panels are in contact with each other in the longitudinal direction, and the panel of the substrate. A plurality of base materials each having a plurality of holes penetrating in the arrangement direction, and a plurality of first fastening materials that are press-fitted into the holes one by one in the arrangement direction to fasten the plurality of base materials. It is a panel to be equipped. The plurality of base materials contain at least two or more first timbers, which are the first tree species, and the first timber is an internal space formed when a building is constructed using the panels. The dryness is adjusted so that the moisture content is higher than the equilibrium moisture content. Each of the plurality of first fastening materials includes a columnar main body portion and a plurality of projecting portions radially protruding from the main body portion, and the second tree species having a higher air-dry specific gravity than the first tree species. The dryness of the wood is adjusted so that the moisture content is lower than the equilibrium moisture content. Each of the plurality of protrusions is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the first fastener, and the ends of the adjacent protrusions on the side of the main body are connected to each other, and the tip of the protrusion is formed. A deformed portion that deforms along the peripheral surface of the hole is provided.

According to the present disclosure, when manufacturing a building member (panel) in which a base material containing a plurality of woods is laminated, the joining strength can be increased from the initial stage and the joining strength can be maintained without using an adhesive. It is possible to provide a panel manufacturing method and a panel for easy manufacturing. When the panels manufactured according to the present disclosure are connected and used, they can be provided as building members in which adjacent panels are connected by wooden dowels so that the joining strength can be maintained as in the case of panel manufacturing.

(A) is a perspective view of the panel according to the first embodiment, and (b) is a perspective view of another example of the panel according to the first embodiment. (A) is a front view of the arranged base materials in the panel according to the first embodiment, (b) is a side view showing an example of the positions of holes in the base material in the panel according to the first embodiment, and (c) is a side view. It is a side view which shows the other example of the position of the hole of the base material in the panel which concerns on this Embodiment 1. (A) is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a wooden dowel (before press-fitting into a hole of a base material) according to the first embodiment, and (b), (c), (d) and (e) are (base material). It is a figure which shows an example of the shape of the tip part of the protruding part of a wooden dowel (before press-fitting into a hole of). It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the manufacturing method of the panel which concerns on this Embodiment 1. (A) is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the hole of the base material according to the first embodiment and the wooden dowel to be press-fitted, and (b) is a protrusion due to the press-fitting of the wooden dowel according to the first embodiment. The figure conceptually showing that the tip portion is sunk, and (c) is a diagram conceptually showing that a deformed portion is formed at the tip portion of the protruding portion of the wooden dowel after press-fitting according to the first embodiment. (A) to (g) are cross-sectional views in the arrangement direction of the panels according to the first embodiment, and are views showing an example of the cross-sectional shape of the base material. It is sectional drawing of the panel of Example 2-1 concerning this Embodiment 2 in the arrangement direction. (A) and (b) are side views of the panel of Example 2-2 according to the second embodiment. (A) is a front view of the panel according to the third embodiment, and (b) is a side view of the panel according to the third embodiment. (A) is a cross-sectional view of the panel according to the fourth embodiment in the arrangement direction, (b) is a diagram showing a sound absorbing material provided between the base materials, and (c) is for explaining the periphery of the end portion of the base material. It is a figure of. (A) is a front view of the panel of the embodiment 5-1 according to the present embodiment 5, and (b) is a front view of the panel of the embodiment 5-2 according to the present embodiment 5.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate explanations will be omitted as necessary for the sake of clarity of explanation.

<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the panel 100 according to the first embodiment. The panel 100 includes a plurality of base materials 110 and a plurality of wooden dowels 130 for fastening each base material. The base material 110 is a member having a longitudinal direction in the uniaxial direction. The number of base materials 110 of the panel 100 according to the first embodiment may be at least two or more. Further, the number of wooden dowels 130 of the panel 100 according to the first embodiment may be at least two or more. Further, in FIG. 1, the end portion of the wood dowel 130 in the longitudinal direction protrudes from the side surface of the base material 110, but it does not have to protrude.

The base material 110 according to the first embodiment is a first wood which is a first tree species. The dryness of the first wood is adjusted so that the moisture content is higher than the equilibrium moisture content of the internal space (indoor or the like) formed when the building is constructed using the panel 100. For example, the first wood, which is the base material 110, has a water content of about 15 to 20%. The first tree species is a tree species smaller than the air-dry specific density of the tree dowel 130. For example, the first tree species is preferably a tree species having an air-dry specific density of about 0.4.

FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a panel 100 g (another example) according to the first embodiment. Unlike the panel 100, the panel 100g is an example in which eight holes are provided on the side surface of the base material 110, one wooden dowel is press-fitted into each hole, and a total of eight wooden dowels are used.

FIG. 2A is a front view of the arranged base materials 110 in the panel 100 according to the first embodiment. Each base material 110 is arranged so that two adjacent base materials are in contact with each other in the longitudinal direction. Further, each base material 110 has a plurality of holes 121 to 124 penetrating each base material in the arrangement direction of the base materials. The number of holes in the base material 110 according to the first embodiment may be 2 or more.

FIG. 2B is a side view showing an example of the positions of holes in the base material 110 in the panel 100 according to the first embodiment. Here, it is shown that four holes 121 to 124 are provided at positions at substantially equal intervals in the central portion of the base material 110 in the height direction. The diameter of the hole may be different for each hole. However, in that case, a wooden dowel corresponding to each hole shall be used.

2 (c) and 2 (d) are side views showing another example of the position of the hole of the base material 110 in the panel 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2C shows that two holes are provided at positions on the right side and the left side of the base material 110 in the height direction. FIG. 2D shows that two holes 121 to 128 are provided in the height direction of the base material 110 corresponding to the panel 100 g. The positions of the plurality of holes provided in the base material 110 are not limited to these.

The explanation will be continued by returning to FIG. 1 (a). The wooden dowel 130 is an example of the first fastening material. The wood dowel 130 is press-fitted into each of the plurality of holes 121 to 124 of the base material 110 to fasten the plurality of base materials 110. The tree dowel 130 is a wood of a second tree species having a higher air-dry specific density than the first tree species. As the second tree species, for example, a tree species having an air-dry specific density of about 0.6 is desirable. Further, the dryness of the wood dowel 130 is adjusted so that the moisture content is lower than the equilibrium moisture content. Therefore, the wood dowel 130 has a lower moisture content than the base material 110. In addition, in FIG. 1 (b), the wood dowel 130 is press-fitted into each of the plurality of holes 121 to 128 of the base material 110 to fasten the plurality of base materials 110.

FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of the wooden dowel 130 (before being press-fitted into the hole of the base material) according to the first embodiment. The wooden dowel 130 includes a main body portion 1301 and a plurality of protruding portions 1302. The main body 1301 has a circular cross-sectional shape. The protruding portion 1302 has a tip portion that protrudes radially from the main body portion 1301. Therefore, it can be said that the cross-sectional shape of the wooden dowel 130 is substantially circular. Each of the plurality of protrusions 1302 is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the wooden dowel 130, and the ends of the adjacent protrusions 1302 on the side of the main body 1301 are connected to each other. That is, the wooden dowel 130 has a shape in which a plurality of protrusions are continuously provided on the surface in the axial direction in parallel with the axial direction without gaps.

3 (b) to 3 (e) are views showing an example of the shape of the tip of the protruding portion 1302 of the wooden dowel 130 (before being press-fitted into the hole of the base material). FIG. 3B is an example in which the protruding portion is an arc. FIG. 3C is an example in which the protruding portion is a semicircle. FIG. 3D is an example in which the protruding portion is a parabola. FIG. 3 (e) is an example in which the protruding portion is V-shaped. In addition, the shape of the tip of the protruding portion 1302 of the wooden dowel 130 (before being press-fitted into the hole of the base material) may be an elliptical shape, a catenary system, a U-shape, or a shape similar thereto. That is, the protruding portion 1302 has a shape in which the tip thereof becomes thinner as it approaches the outer peripheral portion of the cross section of the main body portion 1301. Therefore, it can be said that the tip of the protruding portion 1302 of the wood dowel 130 has few smooth surfaces on the surface before being press-fitted into the hole of the base material. In this way, by reducing the area of the tip of the protruding portion of the wood dowel that comes into contact with the peripheral surface of the hole of the base material, elasto-plastic deformation of the tip is likely to occur.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the flow of the panel manufacturing method according to the first embodiment. As a premise, it is assumed that the plurality of base materials 110 have a substantially rectangular cross section and have been processed to a predetermined length. The cross-sectional shape and length of each base material in the longitudinal direction may be different as described later. Here, first, each base material is dried so as to have a water content higher than the equilibrium water content (S11). The drying in step 11 may be performed before processing the base material.

Next, the base materials are arranged in the longitudinal direction so that two adjacent base materials are in contact with each other (S12). For example, they are arranged as shown in FIG. 2A described above and fixed from the surroundings. Then, holes are drilled in a plurality of places so as to penetrate each base material after the arrangement in the arrangement direction (S13). For example, as shown in FIG. 2 (b) or (c) described above, a plurality of holes are formed. By making holes in a fixed state in which a plurality of arranged base materials are fixed in this way, it is possible to prevent the holes from being displaced for each base material and facilitate the press-fitting of the wooden dowel described later.

Independently from steps S11 to S13, a plate-shaped base material of a wooden dowel having a predetermined length is dried so as to have a water content lower than the equilibrium water content (S14). The length of the base material of the lumber dowel may be longer than the length of the base material 110 in the arrangement direction.

Next, the base material of each lumber dowel is cut to form the above-mentioned cross-sectional shape and protrusion (S15). Further, the diameter of the wood dowel is assumed to be larger than the diameter of the hole of the base material to be drilled in step S13. That is, it is assumed that the outermost diameter of the axial cross-sectional shape of the lumber dowel is larger than the diameter of the base material hole. Then, in each wood dowel, a plurality of projecting portions 1302 are continuously formed on the outer periphery of the main body portion 1301 which is circular in the cross-sectional shape. It is desirable that the diameter of the main body 1301 of the wood dowel is smaller than the diameter of the hole in the base material.

After steps S13 and S15, one wood dowel having a protrusion is press-fitted into each of the holes of the substrate after the arrangement in the same direction as the arrangement direction (S16). As a result, the plurality of base materials 110 are fastened by the wooden dowel 130, and the panel 100 as shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured. Therefore, the panel can be easily manufactured as compared with Patent Document 1.

FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the hole 121 of the base material 110 and the wood dowel 130 to be press-fitted according to the first embodiment. In reality, since the plurality of base materials are arranged and the positions of the holes are substantially the same among the base materials, the wood dowel 130 penetrates the holes of the plurality of base materials. At this time, since the specific gravity of the wood dowel is larger than that of the base material, the tip of the protruding portion 1302 of the wood dowel 130 is recessed along the peripheral surface of the hole. FIG. 5B is a diagram conceptually showing that the tip portion of the protruding portion 1302 is recessed due to the press-fitting of the wooden dowel 130 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5C is a diagram conceptually showing that the deformed portion 1304 is formed at the tip end portion 1303 of the protruding portion 1302 of the wooden dowel 130 after the press-fitting according to the first embodiment. That is, the contact portion between the contact portion of the protrusion 1302 and the contact portion on the hole surface of the base material is plastically deformed along the peripheral surface of the hole to form the deformed portion 1304.

In this way, by press-fitting the wood dowel having the protrusion formed in step S15 into the hole of the base material, the surface of the hole of the base material and the tip of the protrusion of the wood dowel are pressed in the radial direction of the hole of the base material. As a result of matching, minute elasto-plastic deformation occurs. Therefore, a fit occurs between the protruding portion of the wooden dowel and the hole surface. Therefore, the joining strength can be generated from the initial stage without using a member that enhances the joining effect of the wood dowel, such as an adhesive or a wedge to the wood dowel.

Further, after the panel 100 is manufactured (that is, after a plurality of base materials are joined by press-fitting a plurality of wooden dowels), it is used as a construction member of a building in a predetermined place. For example, the panel 100 can be used for a roof, a wall, a floor, a ceiling, or the like as a structural panel and a design panel by joining to a frame of a wooden frame construction method or a frame wall construction method. That is, the panel 100 can be used as a part of a member for forming an internal space such as a room of a building. Further, by arranging the panels 100 so as to be adjacent to each other and press-fitting a common wooden dowel between the adjacent panels 100 to connect the adjacent panels 100 to each other, a large plate surface that cannot be manufactured by one panel can be produced. It can be configured.

In this case, with the passage of time, the wood dowel rises from the initial water content (step S14) toward the equilibrium water content in the interior (inner space) of the building. On the other hand, the base material decreases from the initial water content (step S11) toward the equilibrium water content in the room. As a result, the wood dowel causes a slight expansion due to the increase in the water content, while the base material causes a minute shrinkage due to the decrease in the water content of the base material, that is, the progress of drying. Therefore, the holes in the base material tend to expand, but minute expansion of the wood dowel occurs. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the fitting force and maintain the joining strength for a long period of time.

The first species of wood used for the base material 110 is, for example, cedar (air-dry specific density 0.38, bending Young coefficient 80), 桧 (air-dry specific density 0.41, bending Young coefficient 90), SPF (Spruce). Pine Fir) (air-dry specific density 0.41, bending Young's modulus 95) may be used. The second wood species used for the wood dowel 130 may be, for example, beech (air-dry specific density 0.63, bending Young's modulus 120). However, the tree species are not limited to these.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the panel 100 according to the first embodiment in the arrangement direction, and is a diagram showing an example of the cross-sectional shape of the base material. FIG. 6A shows an example in which each base material 110 has the same shape and is rectangular or substantially rectangular. FIG. 6B shows an example in which each base material 110 has the same shape, and the convex portion of the other base material fits into the concave portion of one of the adjacent base materials. FIG. 6C shows an example in which each base material 110 has the same shape and one of the ends is notched diagonally (has a notched shape). The notch shape is preferably on the internal space side. That is, the apparent surface of the panel 100 may be processed in advance or a groove may be provided. This makes it possible to enhance the design. FIG. 6D shows an example in which each base material 110 has a different length and width. However, even in this case, each base material 110 is assumed to have a common hole penetrating in the arrangement direction. FIG. 6 (e) shows an example in which each of the base materials 110 is provided with a plurality of concave portions and convex portions on a contact surface with an adjacent base material. Then, an example is shown in which the convex portion of the other base material fits into the concave portion of one of the adjacent base materials. FIG. 6 (f) shows an example in which each base material 110 has the same shape and both ends are rounded. FIG. 6 (g) shows an example in which the patterns of the shapes of the concave portions and the convex portions are different from those of FIG. 6 (e). From the above, it can be said that each base material 110 used for the panel 100 according to the first embodiment has a contact surface with adjacent base materials, and the contact surface has a substantially smooth surface parallel to the longitudinal direction. ..

Further, for example, FIGS. 6 (b) (e) and 6 (g) can be said to have the following characteristics. That is, in the adjacent first base material and the second base material among the plurality of base materials, the first base material has a convex portion, and the second base material is combined with the convex portion. It has a concave shape. In other words, for example, the first contact surface of the first substrate with the second substrate has a convex shape, and the second contact surface of the second substrate with the first substrate has a convex shape. , Has a concave shape corresponding to a convex shape. As a result, the convex portions and the convex portions are fitted to each other between the adjacent base materials, so that they are fixed (easily fixed) when the base materials are arranged. Therefore, perforation becomes easy, and a plurality of base materials can be accurately penetrated (holes are formed).

In the first embodiment, the case where all of the plurality of base materials 110 constituting the panel 100 are the first wood has been described. As described above, since all of the base material is wood, the degree of fitting with the wood dowel is high and the degree of fitting of the entire panel is improved. However, at least two or more base materials constituting the panel 100 may be made of wood. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the plurality of base materials are not limited to the same dimensions, and further, the plurality of dimensions and tree species can be used in combination as a base material without being limited to the same tree species. Is. In addition, the base material may include wood with a skin or a whole body, which is not an accurate rectangular cross section. As a result, the design is enhanced, and the wood members whose use has been limited in the past can be effectively utilized. Further, a part of the contact surface of the base material may be processed in advance.

In step S13 of FIG. 4, each hole is drilled so as to penetrate each base material in the arrangement direction of the base materials, that is, in the vertical direction from the longitudinal direction (axial direction). Then, in step S16, the wood dowel is inserted in the vertical direction with respect to the base material. However, at the time of drilling, the path of the drill may be slightly bent due to a portion having a hard structure such as a node inside the base material, and as a result, the through hole may be slightly bent. However, even if the hole is slightly bent, the wooden dowel is deformed within the range of elastic deformation, so that it can be press-fitted without any problem.

Further, the base material 110 of the panel 100 according to the first embodiment is an existing one that is used side by side in a direction having a low cross-sectional performance by arranging and joining them in a direction having a high cross-sectional performance against an external force in a direction of pushing the panel surface. Compared with the panel, the cross-sectional performance of the base material can be effectively exhibited.

Further, since the wooden dowel 130 of the panel 100 according to the first embodiment is struck from the side surface orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the base material 110, it is struck from the direction in which the area of the driving surface is small among the hexahedrons constituting the panel. Become. Therefore, the number of places where the wooden dowels are driven is smaller than that of the panel in which the wood dowels are hit from the outside of the front of the panel.

Further, the wooden dowel 130 according to the first embodiment is provided with a smooth surface on the surface of the wooden dowel (before press fitting) by arranging the protrusions without gaps over the entire circumference of the cross-sectional shape in the axial direction. No. Therefore, the area in contact with the peripheral surface of the hole at the time of press fitting is small, and the wooden dowel can be easily inserted. In addition, the tip of the protruding portion is easily deformed by elasto-plastic deformation, and the degree of fitting can be increased immediately after manufacturing.

In the above example, the wood dowel penetrates over the entire length in the arrangement direction of the plurality of base materials, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the wood dowel may have a length that penetrates at least two or more base materials in the arrangement direction.

Wood expands or contracts due to a change in water content within the range below the fiber saturation point, and the amount of change is almost the same in the fiber direction and proportional to the specific gravity of wood in the lateral direction (tangential direction, radial direction). When the wood after joining is in the used state, the water content in the wood tries to reach an equilibrium state, so that the water content of the wood changes, and the change amount of the wood dowel is larger than the change amount of the base material. Therefore, since the diameter of the wood dowel is larger than the diameter of the perforation of the base material, the tip of the protrusion provided on the wood dowel is sunk into the outer periphery of the hole in the wood, and the degree of fitting is strengthened.

Further, the panel 100 according to the first embodiment can be laminated with a joining strength from the initial stage of joining only with the wood dowels without using adhesives, bolts, wedges on the wood dowels, etc., and the number of members is large. It will be reduced and assembly (manufacturing) will be more efficient. Further, even if an adhesive is not used, the joining strength of the wood dowel is maintained for a long period of time due to the fitting of the base material and the wood dowel and the minute expansion effect of the wood dowel. Furthermore, since no bolts are used, there is no need to retighten the bolts as the drying progresses over time.

Further, due to the fitting effect of the wood dowel, there is no need to compress the wood dowel in advance and expand it later, so that the production of the wood dowel is not complicated. Further, since the difference from the equilibrium moisture content is used for the expansion of the wooden dowel, it is not necessary to include water at the time of assembly.

Further, since the wood dowel may be driven vertically into the base material, unlike the diagonal driving as in Patent Document 1, it is easiest to make a hole or press-fit the wood dowel.

Also, since the dowel is made of wood and has moderate toughness, even if the hole is slightly bent, the dowel also bends and can be press-fitted.

Further, since the base materials are laminated without gaps, when an external force is applied in the direction of pushing the panel surface, lateral buckling due to lateral tilting of the wood can be prevented, so that the cross-sectional performance of the wood can be effectively utilized. Since the holes for driving the wooden dowels are not crossed, not only is there a small risk that the strength will decrease due to a defect in the cross section, but even if a force acts on the outermost base material that constitutes the panel, the wooden dowels will cause other parts. The effect of distributing the load on the substrate has also been confirmed.

Further, if the panel 100 is used to show the ceiling on the floor of the building, the ceiling finishing work can be omitted and the ceiling work can be simplified.

<Embodiment 2>
The second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment described above. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the panel 100a of the embodiment 2-1 according to the second embodiment in the arrangement direction. The panel 100a is provided with plywood 140a on the panel surface of the panel 100 described above, and the plywood 140a is fixed to a plurality of base materials 110 by nails 150. That is, in order to join a plurality of base materials, in addition to the wood dowel, a structural plywood is struck against the panel surface as a stress transmission member to integrate it with the base material. It is assumed that the tip of the nail 150 does not overlap with the wood dowel 130 press-fitted into the hole 120 in each base material 110. As a result, the variation in the appearance of the panel increases, and the structural performance can be improved.

FIG. 8A is a side view of the panel 100b of the second embodiment according to the second embodiment. The panel 100b is obtained by placing concrete 140b on the panel surface of the panel 100 described above. That is, in addition to the wood dowels for joining a plurality of base materials, concrete is used as a stress transmission member to integrate the base materials with the base materials. Further, in the example of FIG. 8, by providing a recess on the panel surface of each base material 110, the degree of fitting with the concrete 140b is improved. Further, for example, the panel 100h shown in FIG. 8B may be used. The panel 100h can be integrated with the base material by forming irregularities on the casting surface of the concrete 140c in the width direction of the panel by combining base materials having different cross-sectional heights and transmitting stress by the adhesive force of the concrete. can.

As described above, the same effects as those of the above-described first embodiment can be obtained by the first and second embodiments of the second embodiment. Further, in the second embodiment, by using a stress transmission member in addition to the wood dowel to join a plurality of base materials, the panel is integrated together with the shearing force element, and the structural performance of the entire panel is improved. Can be done.

<Embodiment 3>
The third embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment described above. The panel according to the third embodiment further includes a second fastening material for fastening at least two or more of the plurality of arranged substrates. The second fastener is made of metal.

FIG. 9A is a front view of the panel 100c according to the third embodiment. FIG. 9B is a side view of the panel 100c according to the third embodiment. The panel 100c includes a plurality of base materials 111 and the like, a plurality of wood dowels 131 and the like which are the first fastening materials, and screws 161 and 162 which are the second fastening materials. For example, it is shown that the screws 161 and 162 are driven into the base materials 111 to 114, which are a part of the plurality of base materials constituting the panel 100c, at positions different from the wood dowels 131 to 134. The second fastening material may be a metal member such as a nail. The second fastening material does not have to penetrate all of the plurality of base materials.

As described above, in the third embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those in the first embodiment described above, the degree of fitting of the required portion of the panel can be further improved. The third embodiment may be applied to the second embodiment.

<Embodiment 4>
The fourth embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment described above. The panel according to the fourth embodiment includes a sound absorbing material between the adjacent third base material and the fourth base material among the plurality of base materials.

FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of the panel 100d according to the fourth embodiment in the arrangement direction. The panel 100d indicates that the sound absorbing material 170 is embedded on the panel surface side from the positions of the holes 120 and the wooden dowels 130 of each base material. Here, the sound absorbing material 170 includes, for example, a porous material such as glass wool, rock wool, urethane foam, and a non-woven fabric, or a material in which felt, a non-woven fabric, or other thin plate is attached to the surface of the sound absorbing material. However, the sound absorbing material 170 is not limited to these.

FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a sound absorbing material 170 provided between the (third) base material 113d and the (fourth) base material 114d. FIG. 10 (c) is a diagram for explaining the periphery of the end portion of the base material 113d. Since the base material 113d and the base material 114d are adjacent to each other, they have an adjacent surface (contact surface 183). An opening 180 is present on the panel surface side (for example, the internal space side) of the base material 113d and the base material 114d. The base material 113d is provided with a first notch portion 181 and a second notch portion 182 adjacent to the notch portion 181 and on the contact surface 183 side at the end portion on the internal space side in the axial direction. The cutout portion 181 is cut out from the extension line of the contact surface 183 to the inside of the base material 113d with a length d1. Further, the notch portion 182 is notched from the extension line of the contact surface 183 to the inside of the base material 113d with a length d2. Here, the length d2 is longer than the length d1. That is, the notch portion 182 is notched deeper than the notch portion 181. Further, the base material 113d side of the base material 114d has the same configuration. Therefore, when the base material 113d and the base material 114d are brought into contact with each other on the contact surface 183, an opening 180 is formed between the corresponding notch portions 181. Further, the sound absorbing material 170 is installed (embedded) in the space formed between the corresponding notch portions 182. Here, the sound absorbing material 170 may have a width that is at least twice the length d1 and at least twice the length d2.

As described above, in the fourth embodiment, the following effects are exhibited in addition to the above-mentioned effects of the first embodiment. That is, by using the panel as the wall material, the floor material, and the ceiling material of the room, the sound generated in the room (internal space) can pass through the opening 180 and be absorbed by the sound absorbing material 170. Therefore, it is possible to provide a room having a soundproofing effect by using the panel 100d. In other words, the panel 100d can be used when constructing a room with a soundproofing effect. The fourth embodiment may be applied to the second or third embodiment.

<Embodiment 5>
The fifth embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment described above. In the above-described first embodiment, all of the plurality of base materials 110 constituting the panel 100 are used as the first wood, but in the present embodiment 5, a material other than the wood material is used as a part of the plurality of base materials. It is a thing. Even in the fifth embodiment, it is assumed that at least two or more of the plurality of base materials are the first wood.

FIG. 11A is a front view of the panel 100e of the embodiment 5-1 according to the fifth embodiment. The panel 100e includes base materials 111e to 119e and wood dowels 131 to 134. The wooden dowels 131 to 134 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Here, it is assumed that the base materials 111e, 112e, 114e, 115e, 118e and 119e are the first wood. On the other hand, the base materials 113e, 116e and 117e are made of a material other than the wood material, for example, an acrylic material. That is, it is shown that a material other than the wood material is inserted as a base material in the arrangement of the base materials which are the plurality of first woods. At that time, materials other than wood-based materials may be arranged consecutively (adjacently).

FIG. 11B is a front view of the panel 100f of Example 5-2 according to the fifth embodiment. The panel 100f includes base materials 111f to 119f and wood dowels 131 to 134. The wooden dowels 131 to 134 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Here, it is assumed that the base materials 111f, 113f, 116f and 118f are the first wood. On the other hand, the base materials 112f, 114f, 115f, 117f and 119f are made of a material other than the wood material, for example, an acrylic material. That is, it is sufficient that at least two or more of the base materials which are the plurality of first woods are the first woods, and the first woods do not necessarily have to be adjacent to each other. Further, the base material 119f at the end of the panel 100f does not have to be the first wood.

As described above, since the base material containing a plurality of woods is laminated in the fifth embodiment as well, a certain degree of fitting can be generated by the wood dowels according to the first embodiment. Further, even if the material of the base material is different, the same applies to steps S12 and subsequent steps in FIG. Therefore, also in the present embodiment 5, when manufacturing a building member (panel) in which a base material containing a plurality of woods is laminated, the joining strength is increased from the initial stage without using an adhesive, and the joining strength is increased. Can be manufactured so that it can be maintained. The present embodiment 5 may be applied to the second, third or fourth embodiment.

<Other embodiments>
In this disclosure, steps S12 and S16 in FIG. 4 are indispensable, and other steps may be performed separately. For example, a panel may be manufactured using a base material that has been dried in step S11 and is individually perforated with each base material.

The present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit. Further, the present disclosure may be carried out by appropriately combining the respective embodiments.

100 Panel 110-114 Base material 120-128 Hole 130-134 Wood dowel 1301 Main body 1302 Projection 1303 Tip 1304 Deformation 140a Plywood 140b, 140c Concrete 150 Nail 161 Screw 162 Screw 170 Sound absorbing material 180 Opening 181 Notch 182 Notch 183 Contact surface d1 Length d2 Length 100a-100h Panel 113d, 114d Base material 111e-119e Base material 111f-119f Base material

Claims (6)

A method for manufacturing a panel including a plurality of base materials having a longitudinal direction in a uniaxial direction and a plurality of first fastening materials for fastening each base material.
The step of arranging the plurality of substrates so that the two adjacent substrates are in contact with each other in the longitudinal direction,
Each base material is fastened by press-fitting the first fastening material in the same direction as the arrangement direction, one for each of the plurality of holes formed through each base material in the arrangement direction of the base materials. Steps and
Equipped with
The plurality of base materials contain at least two or more first woods, which are the first tree species.
The dryness of the first wood is adjusted so that the moisture content is higher than the equilibrium moisture content of the internal space formed when the building is constructed using the panel.
Each of the plurality of first fasteners
A columnar main body and a plurality of radial protrusions from the main body are provided.
It is the wood of the second tree species having a higher air-dry specific density than the first tree species.
The degree of dryness is adjusted so that the moisture content is lower than the equilibrium moisture content.
The outermost diameter of the cross-sectional shape is larger than the diameter of the hole,
Each of the plurality of protrusions
Arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the first fastener,
The ends of the adjacent protrusions on the side of the main body are connected to each other.
A method of manufacturing a panel, which is characterized by the fact that. A plurality of base materials having a longitudinal direction in the uniaxial direction and arranged so that two adjacent wires are in contact with each other in the longitudinal direction, each having a plurality of holes penetrating in the arrangement direction of the base materials. Base material and
A plurality of first fastening materials, one of which is press-fitted into each of the holes in the arrangement direction to fasten the plurality of substrates.
It is a panel equipped with
The plurality of base materials contain at least two or more first woods, which are the first tree species.
The dryness of the first wood is adjusted so that the moisture content is higher than the equilibrium moisture content of the internal space formed when the building is constructed using the panel.
Each of the plurality of first fasteners
A columnar main body and a plurality of radial protrusions from the main body are provided.
It is the wood of the second tree species having a higher air-dry specific density than the first tree species.
The degree of dryness is adjusted so that the moisture content is lower than the equilibrium moisture content.
Each of the plurality of protrusions
Arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the first fastener,
The ends of the adjacent protrusions on the side of the main body are connected to each other, and the ends are connected to each other.
A panel comprising a deformed portion in which the tip end portion of the protruding portion is deformed along the peripheral surface of the hole. All of the plurality of substrates are the first wood.
The panel according to claim 2. In the first base material and the second base material adjacent to each other among the plurality of base materials,
The first base material has a convex portion and has a convex portion.
The panel according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second base material has a concave shape that is aligned with the convex portion. A second fastener for fastening at least two of the plurality of arranged substrates is further provided.
The panel according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the second fastening material is a metal. The panel according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein a sound absorbing material is provided between the adjacent third base material and the fourth base material among the plurality of base materials.

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