JP6545501B2 - Judgment device of wheel fastening condition - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a device for determining a wheel connection state at a wheel connection portion of an automobile, and more particularly, to a device for determining the wheel connection state with high accuracy.

  In automobiles, especially large commercial vehicles, it is recognized that it is important to confirm the fastening condition of each wheel as prevention of defects such as wheel detachment, and the tightening torque management at the time of fastening the wheel nut is legalized. There is. Although inspection by appearance and tapping sound check is generally used as a means for confirming such a fastening state, there is no mass production technology that can determine the fastening state during operation with high precision, so in addition to regular maintenance We carry out daily inspections such as inspections and in-service inspections to prevent the occurrence of fastening abnormalities such as loose nuts.

  As for the appearance check, there is a method such as indicating a phase between the nut and the wheel with a paint marker or the like after tightening the nut, or assembling a cap whose phase is known to the nut to easily detect a phase shift due to looseness. In addition, regarding the tapping sound check, the judgment is generally based on the inspector's rule of thumb, but a diagnostic tool that incorporates an accelerometer into a hammering device and detects changes in resonance frequency due to loose nuts or bolt damage Exists.

  TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) etc. are available as a mass production technology for monitoring the wheel condition in operation, and a system for detecting a tire acting force for vehicle control has been proposed as a prior art (for example, patent documents 1 to 3). The device for detecting the acting force of the tire arranges an elastic body having a columnar portion and a plate-like portion between the wheel support portion (hub) and the wheel, and makes contact with the tire from information such as stress and strain generated in each portion. It is a device that calculates and detects the acting force applied to the ground. Although this device is characterized in that the plate-like portion is provided with a stress concentration portion which increases the strain, no specific proposal is described.

Patent No. 4860680 Patent No. 5455357 gazette Patent No. 5083314

-In the conventional confirmation method based on the appearance and striking sound, abnormalities such as loose nuts and broken bolts can not be detected during traveling.
• In the case of judgment based on the inspector's rule of thumb, there is a variation in detection accuracy.
-It is difficult to determine abnormality taking into consideration the disturbance caused by the use environment of the vehicle (loading amount, acceleration / deceleration, turning, road surface condition, tire condition, deterioration condition of the vehicle, etc.).
-As in the prior art described above, providing an elastic member connected and fixed between the hub and the wheel complicates the structure, increases the cost, and also affects the vehicle weight, the increase in axle width, and the support rigidity of the vehicle. Do.

The object of the present invention is to enable monitoring of the wheel fastening condition while traveling, and by specifying a vehicle traveling condition at the time of measurement, to enable abnormality determination with reduced influence by disturbance, improve maintenance accuracy, improve determination accuracy, determination An object of the present invention is to provide a device for determining a wheel fastening state capable of quantifying a reference.
Another object of the present invention is to enable easy attachment and detachment of sensors to a vehicle and to reduce the influence on vehicle weight, axle width and support rigidity.

The determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state of the present invention is detachably installed in a wheel fastening part 2Aa fastening the wheel 2A to an axle, and a sensor unit 3 for detecting a state quantity which changes according to the fastening state of the wheel fastening part 2Aa; An information processing apparatus 4 connected to the sensor unit 3 so as to be able to transmit and receive signals;
The information processing device 4 reads vehicle state data which is information relating to the traveling state of the vehicle from the control system or communication system 5 of the vehicle provided with the wheel 2A, and the sensor unit at the timing determined from the vehicle state data. The measurement timing instruction unit 23 for outputting a measurement instruction to 3 and the measurement data received by the measurement timing instruction unit 23 from the sensor unit 3 are measured under the same conditions for the items determined for the vehicle condition data in the past. by comparison with the stored accumulated data, possess an information processing unit 24 determines an abnormality in the engaged state of the wheel fastening portion 2Aa, the information processing unit 24 associates and said the measurement data the vehicle state data And accumulate as the accumulated data.

  According to this configuration, the sensor unit 3 which is detachably mounted on the wheel fastening portion 2Aa and detects a state quantity which changes depending on the fastening state of the wheel fastening portion 2Aa is used. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the wheel fastening state during traveling, and to easily attach and detach the sensors to the vehicle. Further, it has a measurement timing instruction unit 23 which reads vehicle state data and instructs the sensor unit 3 to perform measurement at a timing determined from the vehicle state data, and the information processing unit 24 performs the measurement data. The abnormality of the engagement state of the wheel fastening portion 2Aa is determined by comparing the determined item of the vehicle state data with accumulated data measured and stored under the same condition in the past. Therefore, by specifying the vehicle traveling condition at the time of measurement, it is possible to perform abnormality determination with reduced influence by disturbance, and it is possible to improve determination accuracy, quantify determination criteria, and improve maintenance accuracy.

The "vehicle condition data" may be, for example, engine rotation number, steering angle, tire rotation number (vehicle speed), brake operation status, transmission gear used, ignition switch ON / OFF, accessory system ON only. These items are information such as engine speed, steering angle, tire rotation speed (vehicle speed), and the like.
Further, the above “measurement under the same conditions” does not indicate exactly the same, and it is sufficient, for example, to distinguish between stable running (straight running and constant speed), stable running on a road surface, and the like during idling.

In the present invention, wireless communication means 16 and 22 for performing bidirectional communication between the sensor unit 3 and the information processing device 4 are provided, and the information processing unit 24 records measurement data measured by the sensor unit 3. Using the data storage unit 24a, the signal analysis unit 24b that performs analysis for determining the abnormality of the fastening state using the measurement data stored in the data storage unit 24a, and the analysis result by the signal analysis unit 24b The state determination unit 24c may display the determination result of the abnormality of the fastening state on the display unit 25 that displays the image.
As described above, when the sensor unit 3 and the information processing device 4 are wirelessly communicated, the wiring between the rotating wheel 2A and the information processing device 4 on the fixed side is simplified. Further, since the information processing unit 24 includes the data storage unit 24a, the signal analysis unit 24b, and the state determination unit 24c, the determination accuracy can be further improved.

In the present invention, the sensor unit 3 is provided between the head 7 a of each hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8 which is provided over the entire circumference of the wheel 2 A and attaches the wheel of the wheel 2 A to the hub 6. A ring-shaped spacer-like member 12 for generating deformation that receives a clamping force by the hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8, and a phase portion between the bolt holes 11 in the spacer-like member 12 through which the hub bolt 7 is inserted It may be a spacer having a strain sensor 13 for detecting the strain of the spacer 12.
In the case of the sensor unit 3 of this configuration, since the distortion of the spacer 12 is detected to detect an abnormality in the fastening state of the wheel nut 8, it is possible to detect an abnormality in the fastening state while the vehicle is traveling. The spacer-like member 12 for producing distortion is a ring-like member interposed between the head 7 a of the hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8, and a strain sensor 13 is attached to the spacer-like member 12. Since the structure is simple, the influence on the support rigidity of the wheel 2 is small. Further, the sensors can be easily attached to and detached from the vehicle, and the influence on the vehicle weight and the axle width can be reduced.

In the present invention, the sensor unit 3 may have a temperature sensor 14 and an acceleration sensor 15 in addition to the strain sensor 13.
Since the detection value of the distortion of the distortion sensor 13 changes depending on the temperature, it is preferable to detect the temperature with the temperature sensor 14 and perform the temperature correction in order to improve the accuracy of the abnormality determination of the engaged state. The temperature sensor 14 also enables detection of abnormal heat generation due to a brake drag or the like. When the acceleration sensor 15 is provided, it is also possible to detect damage to a hub bearing, an abnormality such as a tire puncture or the like.

In the present invention, before Symbol spacer member 12 of the sensor unit 3, the phase region between the bolt holes 11, the strain sensor 13, communication device 16, and the strain to communicate a detection signal of the strain sensor 13 A power supply 17 may be provided to energize the sensor 13 and the communication device 16.
Although the communication device 16 and the power supply 17 are necessary for the detection of the strain sensor 13 and the communication of the detection signal, the communication device 16 and the power supply 17 are provided in the phase portion between the bolt holes 11 of the spacer 12. By arranging, the sensor unit 3 can be configured compactly. The spacer-like member 12 needs a certain thickness for tightening at the phase region where the bolt holes 11 exist, but the phase region between the bolt holes 11 may be thin. Therefore, for example, the communication device 16 and the power supply 17 are disposed without thickening the overall thickness of the sensor unit 3 by disposing the communication device 16 and the power supply 17 in the space generated by the thinning. be able to.

In the present invention, in the spacer member 12 of the sensor unit 3, the phase portion between the bolt holes 11 may be a thin portion 12 b.
By providing the thin portion 12 b in this way, it is used as a mounting site for sensors, the communication device 16, the power source 17 and the like, and the mounted sensors and the like are not protruded from the entire thickness of the spacer 12. it can. Therefore, the spacer 12 can be sandwiched between the members without any problem. Further, by providing the thin portion 12b, it is possible to concentrate strain, to improve the sensitivity of strain detection, and to improve the accuracy of the abnormality determination of the fastening state.

As described above, when the thin portion 12 b is provided, the spacer-like member 12 is the thinnest portion to be a strain concentration portion at a partial phase portion in the phase portion between the bolt holes 11 as the thin portion 12 b. A strain sensor 13 may be provided which has a sensor 12c and detects the strain of the thinnest portion 12c.
By providing the thinnest portion 12c in this manner, distortion of the spacer 12 is further concentrated, so that the sensitivity of detection of distortion can be improved, and the accuracy of abnormality determination of the fastening state can be further improved.

In the present invention, a diaphragm 13a attached to the spacer 12 and distorted due to the deformation of the spacer 12 and a sensor element 13b attached to the diaphragm 13a for detecting distortion of the diaphragm 13a are provided. Also good.
Even if the thin-walled portion 12b is not provided on the spacer-like member 12 itself, distortion of the spacer-like member 12 can be detected with high sensitivity even if the diaphragm 13a is provided as described above.

In the present invention, the measurement timing instruction unit 23 may be able to arbitrarily set the frequency and conditions for instructing the sensor unit 3 to perform measurement.
Since the form of use of the vehicle largely changes depending on the user etc., it is convenient for use that the measurement for determination of abnormality is performed under the condition according to the form of use.

According to the present invention, there is provided a sensor unit which is detachably mounted on a wheel fastening portion that fastens a wheel to an axle and detects a state amount that changes depending on the fastening state of the wheel fastening portion; An information processing apparatus connected so as to be capable of transmitting and receiving signals, wherein the information processing apparatus reads vehicle state data which is information relating to a traveling state of the vehicle from a control system or a communication system of the vehicle provided with the wheel; A measurement timing instruction unit which outputs a measurement instruction to the sensor unit at a timing determined from the vehicle condition data, and measurement data received by the measurement timing instruction unit from the sensor unit are determined items of the vehicle condition data. Each wheel is compared with accumulated data measured and stored under the same conditions in the past to determine an abnormality in the fastening state of the wheel fastening unit That possess an information processing unit, the information processing unit, for storing said vehicle condition data and the measured data as the stored data in association, can wheel engagement state monitoring during running, and the time of measurement By specifying the vehicle traveling condition, it is possible to perform abnormality determination with reduced influence by disturbance, and it is possible to improve maintenance accuracy, improve determination accuracy, and quantify determination criteria.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a broken perspective view which shows the attachment part of the sensor unit of the wheel in the determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state. (A)-(C) is a fragmentary perspective view showing each example of the attachment form to the wheel of the sensor unit, respectively. It is a front view of the sensor unit. (A)-(C) are the partial perspective views which show the various forms of the thin part in the sensor unit from front side and a back side, respectively. It is a block diagram which shows the outline | summary of the conceptual structure of the determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state. It is a block diagram which shows concretely the conceptual composition of the judging device of the wheel fixed state. It is a flowchart which shows prior preparation of the determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state. It is a flowchart which shows main driving | operation of the determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the distortion sensor in the sensor unit. (A), (B) is sectional drawing which shows each other modification of the distortion sensor in the sensor unit.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overview of a system in which the determination device of the wheel fastening state is adopted for a large commercial vehicle. The determination device of the wheel fastening state is configured of a sensor unit 3 of a spacer type mounted on a wheel fastening portion 2Aa that fastens the wheel 2A of the vehicle 1 to an axle, and an information processing device 4. The vehicle 1 is shown in the figure in the case of a truck which is a large commercial vehicle. The sensor unit 3 is a means for detecting a state quantity such as distortion which changes depending on the fastening state of the wheel fastening portion 2Aa. The information processing device 4 is configured by the vehicle-mounted device 4A, a communication terminal 4B such as a portable terminal, etc., and is mounted on a vehicle, extracts vehicle information data from an CAN or CAN, instructs measurement timing, measures data of each sensor unit 3 Storage, calculation of fastening condition, determination of abnormality, estimation of abnormality factor, etc. The vehicle-mounted device 4A is a vehicle-mounted computer or the like. The communication terminal 4B is a mobile phone such as a so-called smartphone having an information processing function, or a terminal dedicated to maintenance including determination of a wheel fastening state having portability or other maintenance applications.

  The information processing device 4 is connected to a control / communication system 5 which is a control system or a communication system of the vehicle 1. The term "control system or communication system" as used herein generically refers to a control system such as the main ECU (electric control unit) of the vehicle 1 and a communication system such as an on-vehicle network configured by CAN (controller area network) or the like. It is a concept. The information processing device 4 may be directly connected to the means for detecting vehicle state data such as a speed sensor by a communication system without via a control system. The information processing device 4 and the sensor unit 3 are wirelessly connected as will be described later.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which the sensor unit 3 is mounted on a rear axle double wheel when the vehicle 1 is a large commercial vehicle, taken along a plane passing through the rotation axis. In this wheel 2A, two wheels 2, 2 are stacked on one side of the flange 6a of the hub 6 facing each other, and the brake drum 9 is stacked on the other side of the flange 6a. The wheels 2 and 2 and the brake drum 9 are sandwiched between the head 7 a of the hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8 to be fixed securely. The wheel fastening portion 2Aa configured to fasten the wheel 2A to an axle (not shown) is configured by a portion where the wheel 2 is pinched and tightened by the head 7a of the hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8 on the flange 6a of the hub 6. Be done. The hub bolts 7 are provided at a plurality of circumferential positions of the hub 6 and are inserted through bolt holes provided in the flange 6 a, the wheels 2 and 2, and the brake drum 9. Although the hub 6 is installed on the outer periphery of an axle (not shown), even if it is a part that constitutes a part of a hub bearing (that is, a bearing for a wheel), a part provided separately from the hub bearing It may be A tire 10 is provided on the outer periphery of each of the wheels 2 and 2, and the wheel 2 and the tire 10 constitute a wheel 2A.

  The sensor unit 3 is a circular ring-shaped plate-like part concentric with the wheel 2 and, in this example, located between the two wheels 2 and 2, the head 7 a of each hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8 It intervenes between them and is tightened by the hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8. The sensor unit 3 has bolt holes 11 (FIG. 1) at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction, and hub bolts 7 are inserted through the bolt holes 11.

FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of a tightening portion by the wheel nut 8 of the sensor unit 3 in FIG.
The sensor unit 3 may be disposed between the wheel 2 and the wheel nut 8 as shown in FIG. 2C, as well as the sensor unit 3 as shown in FIG. It may be disposed between the flange 6 a of the hub 6 and the wheel nut 8.

If the sensor unit 3 is between the head 7 a of the hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8, the sensor unit 3 may be located between the flange 6 a of the hub 6 and the brake drum 9 or between the brake drum 9 and the head 7 a of the hub bolt 7. The hub bolt 7 may be disposed between the head 7 a of the hub bolt 7 and the flange 6 a of the hub 6, but generally the hub bolt 7 is press-fit and fixed to the bolt hole of the flange 6 a of the hub 6. It is more preferable to arrange on the wheel nut 8 than the flange 6a of 6.
In each example of FIG. 3, the sensor unit 3 of the spacer type is disposed in the rear wheel double wheel portion, but the wheel 2A to which the determination device of the wheel fastening state is applied has a single tire specification of the front wheel Also good.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of the sensor unit 3. The sensor unit 3 includes a ring-shaped plate-like spacer 12 and a strain sensor 13 attached to the spacer 12. The strain sensor 13 is, for example, a foil strain gauge, a line strain gauge, a semiconductor strain gauge or the like. In addition to the strain sensor 13, a temperature sensor 14 and an acceleration sensor 15 are attached to the spacer 12 as a state detection sensor 21 for detecting the state of parts such as the wheel 2. In addition to this, a gyro or a rotation sensor (not shown) may be provided. The state detection sensor 21 is a generic term for each of the sensors. Further, the communication device 16 and the power supply 17 are mounted on the spacer-like member 12. In this example, a power supply / communication unit 18 is used which combines the communication device 16 and the power supply 17 into one component.

  The spacer-like member 12 is a member for causing deformation due to a difference in tightening force between the hub bolt 7 and the wheel nut 8 at each portion, and as described above, the bolt holes 11 for inserting the hub bolts 7 are provided. There is. The material of the spacer-like member 12 may be formed of a metal material having high strength and high rigidity like an iron alloy, or may be formed of a metal material having relatively high elasticity such as an aluminum alloy. .

  The spacer-like member 12 has a shape in which neither a dent nor a missing portion exists in the region within the outermost diameter of the wheel nut 8, and this region is a thick portion 12a as described later. With this shape, the tightening of the wheel nut 8 enables a strong connection without losing the axial force applied to the member related to the tightening of the wheel 2. In addition, when the wheel nut 8 integrally has a washer part (not shown), the said outermost diameter is the outermost diameter containing the said washer part.

  In the spacer member 12, a phase portion where the bolt holes 11 exist, that is, a portion around the bolt holes 11 is a thick portion 12a, and a phase portion between the bolt holes 11 is a thin portion 12b. The thin portion 12b may have a shape in which both surfaces of the spacer member 12 are recessed relative to the thick portion 12a, or only one surface of the spacer member 12 may be recessed relative to the thick portion 12a. The phase portion between the bolt holes 11 formed as the thin portion 12 b mounts the sensors such as the strain sensor 13, the temperature sensor 14, and the acceleration sensor 15, the communication device 16, the power supply 17, or the power supply / communication unit 18. It is assumed that In the example of FIG. 4, the inner peripheral portion on one side of the spacer-like member 12 is a thin portion continuous along the entire circumference, and is used for wiring.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the spacer-like member 12 further has a thinnest portion 12c serving as a strain concentration portion at a part of the phase portion in the phase portion formed into the thin portion 12b. You may
In the example of FIG. 5 (A), in the thin-walled portion 12b, both surfaces of the spacer-like member 12 are recessed with respect to the thick-walled portion 12a, and in the surface of the spacer-like member 12 on the front side The middle ridge portion 12d, which is flush with the thick portion 12a, extends in the radial direction at the center, so that the thin portion 12b is divided into two parts aligned in the circumferential direction. A radially extending groove is formed at each of the divided portions, and the groove bottom portion is the thinnest portion 12c.

In the example of FIGS. 5 (B) and 5 (C), the intermediate ridge 12d of FIG. 5 (A) is not present, and the thin portion 12b is shaped to follow the entire phase portion between the bolt holes 11 However, in the example of FIG. 5B, a radially extending groove is formed at the center in the circumferential direction of the thin portion 12b, and the bottom portion of the groove is the thinnest portion 12c. In the example of FIG. 5C, the thinnest portion 12c is formed by the groove as in the example of FIG. 5B, but the thinnest portion 12c is circumferentially offset between the bolt holes 11.
In this example, the strain sensor 13 (FIG. 4) is attached to the back side of the thinnest part 12c, that is, the face opposite to the groove that constitutes the thinnest part 12c, but the groove of the thinnest part 12c It may be attached to the bottom. The strain sensor 13 detects strain concentrated on the thinnest portion 12c.
In each of FIGS. 5A to 5C, the illustrated phase portion is inverted, and therefore, the position of the thinnest portion 12c is inverted between the drawing showing the front and the drawing showing the back. It appears.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 10, the spacer-like member 12 may be mounted with a distortion sensor 13 of a diaphragm type that detects distortion. The diaphragm-type strain sensor 13 is composed of a diaphragm 13a and a sensor element 13b for detecting the strain of the diaphragm 13a. Further, as shown in each example in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the thinnest portion 12c may be provided on the spacer-like member 12 itself, and the strain sensor 13 including the diaphragm 13a and the sensor element 13a may be provided. .

  In addition, although the spacer-like member 12 is configured of one sheet in each of the above-described examples, a plurality of spacer-like member components (not shown) may be combined into one spacer-like member.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the system configuration of the wheel fastening state determination device. The sensor unit 3 is provided for each wheel 2A, and is provided with a strain sensor 13, a temperature sensor 14, an acceleration sensor 15 and the like as the state detection sensor 21. Communication for communicating detection data of these state detection sensors 21 An apparatus 16 is provided. In the case of a double wheel, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A, one sensor unit 3 is provided for the two wheels 2 and 2 constituting the double wheel.
The information processing device 4 includes a communication device 22 that communicates with the communication device 16 of each sensor unit 3.

  As shown in FIG. 7, one information processing apparatus 4 such as the vehicle-mounted device 4A or the communication terminal 4B is provided for a plurality of sensor units 3, for example, for all the sensor units 3 included in one vehicle. . In the figure, the symbols “A to Z” shown in the block of the wheel 2A and the sensor unit 3 are codes identifying the individual wheel 2A and the sensor unit 3 and are provided on the wheel 2A and its wheel 2A The sensor units 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals "A to Z".

The information processing device 4 is connected to the plurality of sensor units 3 by the communication device 22 as described above, and communicates with the control / communication system 5 such as the ECU or CAN via the same communication device 22. The device 26 is connected. Each of the communication devices 1 6 (FIG. 6), 22 and 26 included in the sensor unit 3, the information processing device 4, and the control / communication system 5 conforms to the standard (for example, Bluetooth (registered trademark)) of near field communication It is an apparatus which performs wireless communication according to.

The information processing device 4 mainly includes a computer and a program, and in addition to the communication device 22, the information processing device 4 includes a measurement timing instruction unit 2 3 , an information processing unit 2 4 , and a display unit 25 . The display unit 25 is means for displaying an image on a screen of a liquid crystal display device or the like, and displays on the screen the result determined by the information processing unit 24 or an abnormal factor.

The measurement timing instructing unit 2 3, the ECU, a control and communication system 5 such as CAN, via the OBD2 (On Board Diagnosis second generation), etc., or directly to the vehicle state is information relating to the state of running of the vehicle Data is read, and from the vehicle state data, measurement is instructed to the sensor unit 3 at a determined timing such as a traveling condition suitable for state determination, and the measurement data is received.
The “determined timing” set in the measurement timing instructing unit 23 is, for example, at the time of idling, at the time of steady traveling (straight line and at a constant speed), at the time of traveling on a stable road surface or the like. Power consumption on the sensor unit 3 side can also be reduced by using measurement only when appropriate for measurement, not measurement at all times.
The measurement timing instruction unit 23 can arbitrarily set and update the predetermined timing, for example, an interval of time to be measured and a vehicle traveling condition to be measured. This setting or updating can be performed, for example, by an operation from an input unit (not shown) that receives a manual input of the vehicle-mounted device 4A, the communication terminal 4B, and the like. The input unit is, for example, a key switch, a touch panel provided on the screen of the display unit 25 or the like.

The information processing unit 24 is a means for determining an abnormality of the fastening state of the wheel nut 8 according to a predetermined reference from detection data of the strain sensor 13 which is the measurement data. Determine an abnormality in the fastening condition.
The information processing unit 24 includes a data storage unit 24a, a signal analysis unit 24b, and a state determination unit 24c, and the detection signal of the state detection sensor 21 such as the distortion sensor 13 transmitted from the sensor unit 3 to the data storage unit 24a. , And other defined information. The data storage unit 24a also stores the measured past data in association with the measured vehicle state data. The data storage unit 24a may be configured of, for example, a portable storage medium such as an SD card.

  The signal analysis unit 24 b analyzes a signal to be preprocessed necessary for determining an abnormality in the fastening state. The state determination unit 24c determines an abnormality in the fastening state of the wheel nut 8 using the information analyzed by the signal analysis unit 24b. In addition to this, the state determination unit 24c obtains an abnormal factor using the information analyzed by the signal analysis unit 24b. The abnormality factor may be determined by the signal analysis unit 24b.

  In this embodiment, the signal analysis unit 24 b performs a temperature drift correction of distortion using the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 14 in addition to the determination of an abnormality in the fastening state of the wheel nut 8, and a temperature detected by the temperature sensor 14. Therefore, it is possible to detect abnormal heat generation of the wheel 2 due to a brake drag or the like, and detect an abnormality such as a damage to a hub bearing (not shown) or a puncture of the tire 10 from detection data of the acceleration sensor 15.

More specifically, the information processing unit 24 measures the measured data under the same conditions for the determined items of the vehicle state data in the past and compares the measured data with the stored data stored in the data storage unit 24a. An abnormality in the fastening state of the fastening portion 2Aa is determined.
Specifically, the measurement data fluctuation amount of each phase in the rotation of the wheel 2 is compared with the past data of each wheel 2A in the signal analysis part 24b, and the factor is estimated together with the abnormality determination in the state determination part 24c.
For example, (1) in the case where only the limited phase of one wheel shows an abnormal tendency, it is estimated to be a fastening abnormality such as the looseness of the wheel nut 8 or the breakage of the hub bolt 7.
(2) If only limited wheels show an abnormal tendency, it is estimated that there are punctures, bearings or brake abnormalities, such as abnormal heat generation.
(3) If all wheels show an abnormal tendency, it is estimated to be the effect of overload or disturbance (such as road surface conditions).

  According to the wheel fastening state determination device of the above configuration, the spacer type sensor unit 3 is installed so as to be sandwiched by the wheel fastening portions 2Aa, and data for calculating the fastening state and the like is measured. The information processing apparatus 4 such as the vehicle-mounted device 4A or the communication terminal 4B receives the vehicle travel information (power on / off of start key, etc., engine speed, steer angle, tire rotation speed, brake operation status, transmission use) The gear etc.) is read, and the measurement data of the sensor unit 3 is stored in a traveling state (during steady traveling, etc.) suitable for the determination at the predetermined timing. The measured data of each phase at the time of stopping, traveling (rotation) etc. is compared with the past data etc. of each wheel 2A, and the disturbance of the measurement data of each wheel 2A is confirmed at each measurement. An anomaly judgment that takes into account and an anomaly factor are estimated.

  Since measurement and determination are performed as described above, it is possible to monitor the wheel fastening state of the wheel fastening unit 2Aa during traveling and the state of peripheral components of the wheel fastening unit 2Aa. Further, the sensor unit 3 can be easily attached to and detached from the vehicle, and the influence on the vehicle weight, the axle width, and the support stiffness is small. Since the information processing unit 24 performs measurement in accordance with an instruction from the measurement timing instruction unit 23, it is possible to perform abnormality determination in which the influence of disturbance is reduced by specifying the vehicle traveling condition at the time of measurement. In addition, improvement in maintenance accuracy, improvement in determination accuracy, and quantification of determination criteria can be obtained.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing a method of use and an operation in advance preparation (setup) of the wheel fastening state determination device of the above configuration. A supplementary explanation of the operation and the configuration will be made using this figure.
First, as shown in the upper part of the figure, the sensor unit 3 is assembled to the wheel 2A between the hub 6 and the wheel nut 8 (FIG. 3), and the wheel nut 8 is assembled with a regular tightening torque.
The sensor unit 3 measures the states of parts such as the wheel 2 with each of the built-in state detection sensors 21 (FIG. 4, FIG. 6), and transmits the measurement data to the communication terminal 4B, the vehicle-mounted device 4A, etc.
The communication terminal 4 B or the on-vehicle device 4 A receives measurement data from the sensor unit 3. Further, the measurement data is stored in the data storage unit 24a as an input of information of a vehicle type and a part and reference data of abnormality determination. The input of the information of the vehicle type and the part may be performed from the input device section possessed by the communication terminal 4B or the vehicle-mounted device 4A or the like, or stored in the sensor unit 3 as data for initial setting. It may be transmitted to the terminal 4B or the vehicle-mounted device 4A or the like, and the received content may be input.

As shown in the lower part of FIG. 8, regarding the control and communication system 5 such as ECU and CAN, and the information processing apparatus 4 such as the communication terminal 4B and the vehicle-mounted device 4A, the communication device 26 (FIG. 7) The control and communication system 5 outputs vehicle state data at the time of idling and steady running.
The communication device 26 transmits the vehicle state data to the information processing device 4 such as the communication terminal 4B and the vehicle-mounted device 4A.
The vehicle state data is, for example, an engine rotational speed, a steer angle, a tire rotational speed (vehicle speed), a state of brake operation, and the like.
The information processing apparatus 4 such as the communication terminal 4B and the vehicle-mounted device 4A reads the output data format of the vehicle information etc. from the vehicle type database (not shown) etc., and confirms the reception of the vehicle status data sent from the communication device 26. Set up data measurement timing. The data measurement timing is, for example, at the time of idling or steady traveling, and may be every set interval.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a method of use and an operation in the main driving of the wheel fastening state determination device of the above configuration. Note that, in the figure, with regard to the processing performed by the information processing apparatus 4 such as the communication terminal 4B and the vehicle-mounted device 4A, the measurement timing instruction unit 23 is made clear so that which means constituting the information processing apparatus 4 performs. Hatching is performed in a rectangular frame indicating each step, separately from the data storage unit 24a, the signal analysis unit 24b, and the state determination unit 24c.

The information processing apparatus 4 such as the communication terminal 4B and the vehicle-mounted device 4A receives the vehicle state data from the control and communication system 5 such as the ECU and CAN, and the measurement timing instruction unit 23 performs the set conditions Data measurement instruction to each sensor unit 3. At the time of the setting condition, for example, at the time of idling or at the time of steady traveling straight ahead, the instruction of the measurement interval is also given.
In response to the data measurement instruction, the state of the component is measured by the mounted state detection sensor 21 (strain sensor 13, temperature sensor 14, etc.) of each sensor unit 3. Items to be measured are distortion and temperature, and others are acceleration and the like.
The measurement data is transmitted to the information processing apparatus 4 such as the communication terminal 4B and the vehicle-mounted device 4A.

In the information processing apparatus 4 such as the communication terminal 4B and the vehicle-mounted device 4A, when the measurement data is received, the distortion data is temperature-corrected by the temperature data, and the processing for judging fastening abnormality is performed using the distortion data after the correction.
Further, the abnormal heat generation determination processing is performed based on the temperature data.
The past measurement data of the measurement site is extracted from the input specific information of the above-mentioned measurement site, and is used for the determination process of the fastening abnormality and the determination process of abnormal heat generation.

  When the sensor unit 3 has the acceleration sensor 15, frequency analysis is performed from the received acceleration data, and processing of abnormality determination of peripheral parts of the wheel 2 is performed. The above-mentioned extracted past measurement data is also used for this process.

In the processing of each of the determinations, it is determined whether or not there is an abnormality in the data. For example, whether the data exceeds a threshold or is different from the detection data of each state detection sensor 21 or the like of other sensor units 3 provided at a plurality of locations, or does not tend to be different from past measurement data Determine if
In addition, estimate the cause of abnormality.
In the case of no abnormality, the display unit 25 displays “no abnormality”, and in the case of an abnormality, displays “abnormal”. Also, each measurement data and the determination result are stored.

As described above, according to the determination device of the wheel engaged state, the following effects can be obtained.
-It is possible to monitor the wheel fastening state (such as loosening of the wheel nut 8) and the state of peripheral components while in operation such as traveling.
・ It is easy to attach to and remove from the vehicle, and the impact on the vehicle weight, axle width and support rigidity is small.
-By specifying the vehicle travel conditions at the time of measurement, it is possible to make an abnormality determination with reduced influence by disturbance.
・ Improvement of maintenance accuracy, improvement of judgment accuracy, quantification of judgment criteria can be obtained.

  As mentioned above, although the form for implementing this invention was demonstrated based on embodiment, embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration and restrictive at no points. The scope of the present invention is indicated not by the above description but by the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims.

1: Vehicle 2: Wheel 2A: Wheel 2Aa: Wheel fastening unit 3: Sensor unit 4: Information processing device 4A: On-vehicle device 4B: Communication terminal 5: Control / communication system (control system or communication system)
6: Hub 6a: Flange 7: Hub bolt 7a: Head 8: Wheel nut 9: Brake drum 11: Bolt hole 12: Spacer-like member 12a: Thick portion 12b: Thin portion 12c: Thinnest portion 13: Strain sensor 14: Temperature sensor 15: Acceleration sensor 16: Communication device (communication means)
17: power supply 18: power supply communication unit 22: communication device (communication means)
23: measurement timing instruction unit 24: information processing unit 24a: data storage unit 24b: signal analysis unit 24c: state determination unit 25: display unit 26: communication device

Claims (9)

A sensor unit which is detachably installed at a wheel fastening portion for fastening a wheel to an axle and detects a state quantity which changes depending on a fastening state of the wheel fastening portion, and information processing capable of transmitting and receiving signals to this sensor unit Equipment and
The information processing apparatus reads vehicle state data, which is information related to the traveling state of the vehicle, from a control system or communication system of the vehicle provided with the wheels, and instructs the sensor unit to measure at a timing determined from the vehicle state data. And the measured data received from the sensor unit by the measured timing instructing unit are compared with the accumulated data measured and stored under the same conditions in the past for the determined items of the vehicle state data it is, possess a determining information processing unit abnormality of the fastening state of the wheel fastening portion,
The apparatus for determining a wheel fastening state, wherein the information processing unit associates the measurement data with the vehicle state data and accumulates the accumulated data as the accumulated data .   The apparatus for determining a wheel fastening state according to claim 1, further comprising: wireless communication means for performing bi-directional communication between the sensor unit and the information processing apparatus, wherein the information processing unit measures the measurement by the sensor unit. A data storage unit for recording data, a signal analysis unit for performing analysis for determination of abnormality of the fastening state using measurement data stored in the data storage unit, and an analysis result by the signal analysis unit A determination apparatus for a wheel engaged state, comprising: a state determination unit that determines an abnormality in the engaged state, the state determination unit displaying a determination result of the abnormality in the engaged state on a display unit that displays an image.   The apparatus for determining a wheel fastening state according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensor unit is provided over the entire circumference of the wheel to attach the head of each hub bolt for attaching the wheel of the wheel to the hub, and a wheel nut A ring-shaped spacer-like member for generating deformation, which is interposed between the hub bolt and the wheel nut for receiving a clamping force, and provided at a phase position between bolt holes in the spacer-like member through which the hub bolt is inserted. And a determination device of a wheel fastening state which is a spacer shape having a strain sensor for detecting strain of the spacer-like member.   The wheel nut looseness detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensor unit includes a temperature sensor and an acceleration sensor in addition to the strain sensor. In determining apparatus of the wheel engaged state according to any one of claims 1 to 4, before Symbol spacer member of the sensor unit, the phase region between the bolt holes, said strain sensor, the strain A communication device for communicating a detection signal of a sensor, and a determination device of a wheel fastening state provided with a power source for energizing the strain sensor and the communication device.   The wheel fastening state determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spacer-like member of the sensor unit has a thin-walled phase portion between the bolt holes. Judgment device of. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the spacer-like member is a thinnest portion which is a strain concentration portion at a partial phase portion of the phase portion which is the thin portion between the bolt holes. The determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state which has and has a distortion sensor which detects distortion of this thinnest part.   The apparatus for determining a wheel fastening state according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the diaphragm attached to the spacer and distorted by deformation of the spacer, and the diaphragm attached to the diaphragm The determination apparatus of the wheel fastening state which has a distortion sensor comprised with the sensor element which detects distortion of this.   The wheel fastening state determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the measurement timing instruction unit can arbitrarily set the frequency and conditions for instructing the sensor unit to perform measurement. Judgment device of fastening state.

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