JP6427435B2 - Pressure type actuator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pressure-type actuator disposed in an engine compartment of a motor vehicle.

  Conventionally, pressure actuators are used to drive devices such as on-off valves. The pressure type actuator is connected to a main body having a pressure chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber separated from each other by a displaceable partition such as a diaphragm, and one end coupled to the diaphragm and an on-off valve etc. A drive shaft, a pressure supply passage connecting a pressure chamber and a pressure supply source, and a breathing hole opened from the atmospheric pressure chamber to the outside of the main body to supply negative pressure or positive pressure to the pressure chamber. Displace the bulkhead to advance and retract the drive shaft. Such a pressure-type actuator is used, for example, to drive a bypass valve that opens and closes a bypass passage that bypasses a turbine in a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine of a car (for example, Patent Document 1).

  Since the pressure type actuator has a breathing hole for maintaining the atmospheric pressure chamber at atmospheric pressure, water may infiltrate into the atmospheric pressure through the breathing hole depending on the use environment. The water that has entered the atmospheric pressure chamber may freeze and interfere with the movement of the diaphragm such as the diaphragm. With respect to such a problem, in Patent Document 1, a weir is provided around the breathing hole, and the water scattering toward the breathing hole is blocked by the weir.

Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-48610

  However, the pressure type actuator described in Patent Document 1 can not prevent the entry of water when the main body is submerged. Since the engine room of the car opens downward, the lower part of the engine room is submerged when traveling on a crown channel. In addition, in the layout of the engine room, there are cases where the main body of the pressure type actuator has to be disposed in the lower part of the engine room in consideration of other devices.

  In view of the above background, the present invention has an object to prevent the entry of water into the atmospheric pressure chamber of a pressure-type actuator disposed in an engine room of a car.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a pressure type actuator (32) disposed in an engine room (100) of a motor vehicle, wherein the pressure chambers (73A) are mutually divided by displaceable partition walls (74A). And a main body (71A) including an atmospheric pressure chamber (72A), a drive shaft (75A) including a base end coupled to the partition wall, and a tip protruding from the main body and connected to an operation target; A pressure supply passage (81) connecting the pressure chamber to a pressure source, a breathing passage (85) having one end connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber and an open end (85A) opened to the atmosphere And the open end is disposed above the main body.

  According to this configuration, since the open end of the breathing passage is disposed above the main body, the open end can be maintained on the water surface even when the main body is submerged, and water ingress into the atmospheric pressure chamber. It can be prevented.

  In the above invention, the engine room is provided with an internal combustion engine (1) in which a cylinder head (7) is disposed above the cylinder block (6), the internal combustion engine comprising A head cover (8) coupled to the top, and an engine cover (9) covering the top of the head cover and defining a space (101) in communication with the engine room between the head cover and the head cover; May be disposed in the space.

  According to this configuration, the open end is disposed in the space defined by the head cover and the engine cover disposed in the upper part of the engine room, so the risk of the open end being submerged is reduced. Further, since the opening end is covered by the head cover and the engine cover, it is difficult for water droplets or dust scattered in the engine room to intrude into the opening end.

  Further, in the above invention, the other pressure type having a main body (71B) having a pressure chamber (73B) and an atmospheric pressure chamber (72B) separated from each other by a displaceable partition (74B) in the engine room An actuator (46) is provided, and the body (71B) of the other pressure-operated actuator is disposed above the body (71A) of the pressure-operated actuator, and the open end is of the other pressure-operated actuator. It is good to be connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber (72B).

  According to this configuration, the open end is disposed in the atmospheric pressure chamber of the main body of another pressure-type actuator disposed above the main body of the device, so the risk of being submerged is reduced. In addition, since it is connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber of another pressure type actuator, it is difficult for water droplets or dust scattered in the engine room to enter the open end.

  In the above invention, the internal combustion engine (1) is provided in the engine room, and the internal combustion engine has an intake system (14) for supplying air to the combustion chamber, and the open end is the intake air. It may be connected to an intake passage formed by the device.

  According to this configuration, since the open end of the breathing passage is connected to the intake passage to which water is relatively hard to enter in the internal combustion engine, it is difficult for water to enter the open end. The inlet of the intake passage is usually disposed at the top of the engine room, since water entering the intake passage is likely to cause an engine stall. In addition, since there are few water droplets and dust in the intake passage, the possibility that they are drawn from the open end is reduced.

  In the above invention, an internal combustion engine (1) provided with first and second superchargers (21, 22) is disposed in the engine room, and the first supercharger (21) is A turbine housing (27) disposed below the second supercharger (22) so that the rotation axis extends in the horizontal direction, a turbine blade (25) received in the turbine housing, and the turbine housing And a variable nozzle mechanism (30) for adjusting the pressure of the exhaust supplied to the turbine blade, the tip of the drive shaft is coupled to the variable nozzle mechanism, and the body is the turbine It may be disposed below the housing. Further, a radiator (17) is disposed in front of the internal combustion engine in the engine room, and the first and second supercharging devices are disposed between the main body (2) of the internal combustion engine and the radiator. May be

  According to this configuration, it is possible to prevent the entry of water from the layout of the first and second superchargers into the atmospheric pressure chamber of the pressure type actuator arranged at the lower part of the engine room.

  According to the above configuration, it is possible to prevent the entry of water into the atmospheric pressure chamber of the pressure type actuator.

Front view of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment Left side view of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment Schematic diagram of the multistage supercharging device according to the first embodiment Front view of multistage supercharging device according to the first embodiment Right side view of the multistage turbocharger according to the first embodiment Left side view of the multistage turbocharger according to the first embodiment Sectional view of the first actuator according to the first embodiment Front view of a multistage turbocharger according to a partially modified embodiment

  Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, each embodiment in which the pressure type actuator according to the present invention is applied to a multistage supercharger of an automobile engine will be described in detail. In the following description, the forward direction of the vehicle is defined as each direction.

First Embodiment
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an internal combustion engine 1 disposed in an engine room 100 of a motor vehicle has an internal combustion engine body 2. The internal combustion engine body 2 may be a gasoline engine or a diesel engine. The internal combustion engine body 2 has a plurality of cylinders arranged in series. The internal combustion engine body 2 is disposed laterally with respect to the vehicle body such that the cylinder row extends laterally. The internal combustion engine body 2 has an oil pan 5, a cylinder block 6, a cylinder head 7 and a head cover 8 from the lower side. An engine cover 9 is coupled to the top of the head cover 8. The engine cover 9 is provided to cover the upper surface of the head cover 8 and defines a space 101 with the head cover 8. A space 101 formed between the engine cover 9 and the head cover 8 is not sealed but is in communication with the engine room 100 and is at atmospheric pressure. On the inner side of the engine cover 9 (the side facing the head cover 8), a sound absorbing material made of urethane or the like is provided.

  The cylinder axis of the internal combustion engine body 2 is inclined backward with respect to the vertical line. The cylinder block 6 has a crankcase 6A whose lower portion projects forward and backward, and the transmission 10 is joined to the right end face thereof.

  The cylinder head 7 is formed with an intake port and an exhaust port which are continuous with the cylinder formed in the cylinder block 6. The exhaust port is open to the front side surface of the cylinder head 7, and the intake port is open to the rear side surface of the cylinder head 7.

  An exhaust manifold 11 connected to each exhaust port is fastened to the front side surface of the cylinder head 7. At the downstream end of the exhaust manifold 11, an exhaust side portion of the multistage turbocharger 12 is provided. When the exhaust ports are assembled in the cylinder head 7, the exhaust manifold 11 is integrally formed with the cylinder head 7, and the multi-stage supercharging device 12 is directly connected to the cylinder head 7. The catalytic converter 13 is connected to the downstream side of the exhaust side portion of the multi-stage supercharging device 12, and the DPF, the NOx purification device, the muffler, etc. are connected in series downstream thereof.

  An intake system 14 is connected to the intake port. The intake system 14 includes an air inlet, an air cleaner 14A, an intake side portion of the multistage turbocharger 12, an intercooler, a throttle valve, and an intake manifold in series in this order from the upstream side. The intake system 14 and the intake port constitute an intake passage that supplies combustion air to the cylinder. In the intake system 14, an air inlet is disposed on the front side of the internal combustion engine body 2, extends rearward through the left of the internal combustion engine body 2, and is coupled to the rear side surface of the cylinder head 7 in the intake manifold. In the present embodiment, the air inlet is disposed above the preset immersion height WL. The submergence height WL is a height from the road surface set according to the type of vehicle, and is a value set as the upper limit of the depth of the crown channel on which the vehicle can travel. In the automobile according to the present embodiment, the submergence height WL is disposed at substantially the same height as the upper end of the front wheel W as shown in FIG. The optional device is not submerged in the intended use of the vehicle by being positioned above the submersion height WL.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a radiator 17 is disposed in front of the internal combustion engine body 2. The radiator 17 has a heat exchange portion 17A in which water pipes having fins are arranged in parallel or bent and disposed in a flat plate shape, and a fan 17B which is a box-shaped axial flow fan for supplying air to the heat exchange portion 17A. The heat exchange portion 17A is disposed in front of the internal combustion engine body 2 so that the rotation axis is directed to the front and back, and the fan 17B is disposed such that the main surface is directed to the front and back to the rear of the heat exchange portion 17A. Since the cylinder block 6 has the crankcase 6A overhanging forward and backward in the lower part, and the internal combustion engine body 2 is disposed to be inclined backward, between the front side of the internal combustion engine body 2 and the rear side of the fan 17B. The gap 18 is formed such that the width in the front and back becomes wider as it goes upward. An engine hood 19 supported by a vehicle body is disposed above the radiator 17 and the internal combustion engine body 2. The upper end of the air gap 18 is defined by the engine hood 19. In the air gap 18, a multistage turbocharger 12 is disposed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the multi-stage supercharging device 12 includes a high-pressure stage supercharging device (first supercharging device) 21 and a low-pressure stage supercharging device (second supercharging device) 22, and is sequential It constitutes a turbocharger system.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the high pressure stage supercharging device 21 accommodates the high pressure stage turbine blade 25 and the high pressure stage compressor blade 26 coaxially and integrally connected by the high pressure stage shaft 24 and the high pressure stage turbine blade 25. High pressure stage turbine housing (first turbine housing) 27, a high pressure stage compressor housing (first compressor housing) 28 accommodating high pressure stage compressor blades 26, and the high pressure stage turbine housing 27 and the high pressure stage compressor housing 28 And a high pressure stage bearing housing 29 rotatably supporting the high pressure stage shaft 24. The high-pressure stage turbine housing 27 and the high-pressure stage compressor housing 28 each have a hollow disk shape, and are connected to both ends of the cylindrical high-pressure stage bearing housing 29 so that their central axes are coaxial with the axis of the high-pressure stage shaft 24 It is done.

  The high pressure stage supercharger 21 has a variable nozzle mechanism 30 in the high pressure stage turbine housing 27. The variable nozzle mechanism 30 has a plurality of variable nozzle vanes 30A rotatably supported by the high pressure stage turbine housing 27 and link members 30B coupled to the variable nozzle vanes 30A. The plurality of variable nozzle vanes 30A have their rotation axes parallel to the axis of the high-pressure stage shaft 24 on the circumference of the high-pressure stage shaft 24 as a center, and the tip end side is the radial inside of the high-pressure stage turbine housing 27 It is arranged to face. The link member 30B is formed, for example, in an annular shape, and is disposed coaxially with the axis of the high-pressure stage shaft 24. The displacement (rotation) of the link member 30B changes the direction of the variable nozzle vanes 30A, and changes the flow passage cross-sectional area of the exhaust formed between the variable nozzle vanes. The variable nozzle vane 30A, for example, increases the exhaust pressure (exhaust flow velocity) by narrowing the flow passage cross-sectional area when the engine rotation speed is low, and enhances the supercharging efficiency, and the flow passage cross-sectional area when the engine rotation speed is high Reduce the exhaust pressure (exhaust flow rate) by increasing the to reduce the exhaust resistance. The link member 30B is driven by the first actuator 32.

  The low pressure stage supercharger 22 includes a low pressure stage turbine blade 34 and a low pressure stage compressor blade 35 coaxially coupled integrally and rotatably by a low pressure stage shaft 33, and a low pressure stage turbine housing 36 accommodating the low pressure stage turbine blade 34. A low pressure stage compressor housing 37 accommodating the low pressure stage compressor blade 35, and a low pressure stage bearing housing 38 connecting the low pressure stage turbine housing 36 and the low pressure stage compressor housing 37 and rotatably supporting the low pressure stage shaft 33; ing. The low pressure stage turbine housing 36 and the low pressure stage compressor housing 37 each have a hollow disk shape, and are connected to both ends of the cylindrical low pressure stage bearing housing 38 so that their central axes are coaxial with the axis of the low pressure stage shaft 33 It is done. The low pressure stage turbine housing 36 is radially smaller and smaller in volume than the low pressure stage compressor housing 37. The low pressure stage turbine housing 36 is radially larger than the high pressure stage turbine housing 27.

  The downstream end of a tubular first exhaust passage member 41 serving as an exhaust inlet is connected to the outer peripheral portion of the high pressure stage turbine housing 27. An upstream end of a tubular exhaust connection passage member 42 serving as an exhaust outlet is connected to a central portion of the high pressure stage turbine housing 27 opposite to the high pressure stage bearing housing 29 side. The downstream end of the exhaust connection passage member 42 is connected to the outer peripheral portion of the low pressure stage turbine housing 36 and becomes an exhaust inlet passage of the low pressure stage turbine housing 36. A downstream end of a tubular second exhaust passage member 43 serving as an exhaust outlet is connected to a central portion of the low pressure stage turbine housing 36 opposite to the low pressure stage bearing housing 38 side.

  Further, the first exhaust passage member 41 and the exhaust connection passage member 42 are connected by an exhaust bypass passage member 44 which bypasses the high-pressure stage turbine housing 27. The connection form of the exhaust bypass passage member 44 and the exhaust connection passage member 42 can be various forms. For example, the downstream end of the exhaust bypass passage member 44 may be connected to the outer peripheral portion of the low pressure stage turbine housing 36, and the downstream end of the exhaust connection passage member 42 may be connected to the exhaust bypass passage member 44. Further, the exhaust bypass passage member 44 and the exhaust connection passage member 42 may be separately connected to the outer peripheral portion of the low pressure stage turbine housing 36 in a state of being independent of each other.

  An exhaust bypass valve 45 is provided in the exhaust bypass passage member 44. The exhaust bypass valve 45 is a swing valve (poppet valve), and is opened and closed by the second actuator 46.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the connection flange portion 47 formed at the upstream end of the first exhaust passage member 41 is bolted to the downstream end of the exhaust manifold 11, thereby the exhaust manifold 11 and the first exhaust passage member 41. The passages formed in the interior communicate with each other. A connection flange portion 48 formed at the downstream end of the second exhaust passage member 43 is bolted to the upstream end of the catalytic converter 13 so that a passage formed inside the second exhaust passage member 43 and the catalytic converter 13 Are in communication with each other.

  In the low pressure stage turbine housing 36, a waste gate passage 51 is formed, which directly connects the exhaust connection passage member 42 and the second exhaust passage member 43 and bypasses the inside of the low pressure stage turbine housing 36. A waste gate valve 52 is provided. The waste gate valve 52 regulates the amount of exhaust flowing into the waste gate passage 51 and regulates the amount of exhaust flowing into the low pressure stage turbine housing 36. The waste gate valve 52 is a swing valve and is driven to open and close by the third actuator 54.

  The downstream end of the first intake passage member 61 serving as an intake port is connected to the low pressure stage compressor housing 37 at the center thereof and on the side opposite to the low pressure stage bearing housing 38 side. The upstream end of the intake connection passage member 62 is connected. In the high pressure stage compressor housing 28, the downstream end of the intake connection passage member 62 serving as an intake port is connected to the central portion opposite to the high pressure stage bearing housing 29 side, and the second intake passage member serving as an intake port The upstream end of 63 is connected. The upstream side of the first intake passage member 61 is connected to the downstream side of the air cleaner 14A. The downstream side of the second intake passage member 63 is connected to the cylinder head 7 via the intercooler and the intake manifold in this order.

  The intake connection passage member 62 and the second intake passage member 63 are connected to each other by an intake bypass passage member 64 which bypasses the high pressure stage compressor housing 28. An intake bypass valve 65 is provided inside the intake bypass passage member 64. The intake bypass valve 65 is a swing valve and is driven to open and close by a fourth actuator 66. The intake bypass valve 65 regulates the amount of intake air flowing into the intake bypass passage member 64 and regulates the amount of intake air flowing into the high pressure stage compressor housing 28.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the high pressure stage supercharging device 21 and the low pressure stage supercharging device 22, the axis of the high pressure stage shaft 24 and the axis of the low pressure stage shaft 33 are parallel to each other and extend in the left-right direction. Is located in Further, the direction in which the high pressure stage turbine housing 27 is provided with respect to the high pressure stage compressor housing 28 and the direction in which the low pressure stage turbine housing 36 is provided with respect to the low pressure stage compressor housing 37 are the same. The high-pressure stage supercharger 21 is disposed below the low-pressure stage supercharger 22 and disposed so as to be biased leftward in the axial direction. Further, in front view, the high-pressure stage turbine housing 27 and the low-pressure stage compressor housing 37 are arranged to have mutually overlapping parts. Further, in the high pressure stage supercharging device 21, the portion where the diameter of the high pressure stage compressor housing 28 is the largest and the portion where the diameter of the low pressure stage compressor housing 37 is the largest do not mutually offset in the axial direction. A position relative to the low pressure stage supercharger 22 is defined. Further, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the high pressure stage supercharging device 21 is disposed forward of the low pressure stage supercharging device 22. In detail, the axis of the high pressure stage shaft 24 is disposed forward of the axis of the low pressure stage shaft 33. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 2, the multistage supercharging device 12 can be disposed along the front side surface of the internal combustion engine main body 2 that is inclined backward, and is disposed so as to be accommodated in the air gap 18. In the above arrangement, the high-pressure stage supercharging device 21 and the low-pressure stage supercharging device 22 are compact in size of the entire multi-stage supercharging device 12 so long as the bending of the intake connection passage member 62 and the exhaust connection passage member 42 does not increase. Are placed close to each other in order to

  The first actuator 32 for driving the variable nozzle mechanism 30, the second actuator 46 for driving the exhaust bypass valve 45, the third actuator 54 for driving the waste gate valve 52, and the fourth actuator 66 for driving the intake bypass valve 65 Are respectively pressure type actuators. Hereinafter, in the configuration of each of the actuators 32, 46, 54, 66, the configuration of the first actuator 32 is denoted by the suffix A and the configuration of the second actuator 46 is denoted by the suffix B. In the configuration, the reference numeral is attached with a subscript C, and the configuration of the fourth actuator 66 is attached with a subscript D. Moreover, when demonstrating the matter common to each actuator 32, 46, 54, 66, a subscript is abbreviate | omitted and demonstrated.

  The configuration of the first actuator 32 will be representatively described with reference to FIG. 7. Since the second to fourth actuators 46, 54, 66 have substantially the same configuration as the first actuator 32, the corresponding components are denoted by the corresponding numbers and subscripts, and the description will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, the first actuator 32 is coupled to a hollow main body 71A having an inner chamber, a partition 74A dividing the inner chamber of the main body 71A into an atmospheric pressure chamber 72A and a pressure chamber 73A, and a partition 74A. And a drive shaft 75A having a distal end protruding from the main body 71A and connected to the operation target.

  The partition wall 74A is displaceable in the main body 71A, and changes the volumes of the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A and the pressure chamber 73A according to the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A and the pressure chamber 73A. In the present embodiment, the partition wall 74A is a flexible diaphragm, and the edge is coupled to the main body 71A. In another embodiment, the partition wall 74A may be a piston slidably provided in the inner chamber of the main body 71A.

  The drive shaft 75A protrudes from the base end coupled to the partition wall 74A through the inside of the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A to the outside of the main body 71A. The main body 71A is formed with a through hole 76A through which the drive shaft 75A passes, and the through hole 76A is provided with a seal member 77A for sealing the space between the drive shaft 75A and the fluid tight. Further, a bellows-shaped boot 78A is provided on the drive shaft 75A and the outer surface of the main body 71A so as to cover the outside of the through hole 76A.

  The pressure chamber 73A is connected to a pressure supply source (not shown) by a pressure supply passage member 82A forming a pressure supply passage 81A. In the present embodiment, the pressure source is a known negative pressure pump, and supplies negative pressure to the pressure chamber 73A. The pressure supply passage member 82A is formed by combining a hole, a tube, and the like formed in the main body 71A. One pressure source may be provided commonly to each of the actuators 32, 46, 54, 66. A pressure control valve (not shown) is provided in the pressure supply passage 81A to control the negative pressure supplied to the pressure chamber 73A.

  The main body 71A has a breathing hole 83A which is a through hole extending from the outer surface of the main body 71A to the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A. The atmospheric pressure chamber 72A is maintained at atmospheric pressure by the breathing hole 83A.

  The pressure chamber 73A is provided with a biasing member 84A that biases the partition wall 74A toward the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A. In the present embodiment, the biasing member 84A is a compression coil spring and has one end in contact with the pressure chamber 73A side portion of the partition wall 74A and the other end in contact with the portion facing the partition wall 74A of the main body 71A. ing. In the initial state where pressure is not supplied to the pressure chamber 73A by the biasing member 84A, the partition wall 74A is located on the atmospheric pressure chamber side, and the drive shaft 75A is in the most projecting position. When negative pressure is supplied to the pressure chamber 73A through the pressure supply passage 81A, the partition wall 74A moves to the pressure chamber 73A against the biasing force of the biasing member 84A, and the projection length of the drive shaft 75A is small Become.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the main body 71 </ b> A of the first actuator 32 is supported by a support member 87 </ b> A coupled to the high pressure stage compressor housing 28. The tip of the drive shaft 75A of the first actuator 32 is coupled to the link member 30B of the variable nozzle mechanism 30. The first actuator 32 is disposed relative to the high pressure stage supercharger 21 such that the main body 71A is disposed downward with respect to the tip of the drive shaft 75A, and the drive axis 75A extends tangentially to the high pressure stage turbine housing 27. ing. The main body 71A of the first actuator 32 is disposed below the high-pressure stage turbine housing 27 and is disposed relatively below the engine compartment 100. In the present embodiment, the main body 71A of the first actuator 32 is disposed below the immersion height WL. Therefore, the main body 71A of the first actuator 32 may be submerged in an assumed use mode of the automobile. The first actuator 32 changes the protruding length of the drive shaft 75A in accordance with the negative pressure supplied to the pressure chamber 73A, and changes the rotational position of the link member 30B.

  The main body 71B of the second actuator 46 is supported by a support member 87B coupled to the high pressure stage compressor housing 28. The main body 71C of the third actuator 54 is supported by a support member 87C joined to the low pressure stage compressor housing 37. The main body 71D of the fourth actuator 66 is supported by a support member 87D joined to the high pressure stage compressor housing 28. The main bodies 71B to 71D of the second to fourth actuators 46, 54, 66 are disposed above the main body 71A of the first actuator 32 and above the submersion height WL. Therefore, the main bodies 71B to 71D of the second to fourth actuators 46, 54, 66 are disposed at positions where there is no risk of being submerged in an assumed use mode of the vehicle.

  The first actuator 32 has a breathing passage 85 having one end connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A via the breathing hole 83A and an open end 85A opened to the atmosphere. The breathing passage 85 is formed by a breathing passage member 86 which is a tube member. The breathing passage member 86 may be formed by connecting a plurality of metal pipes, resin pipes, and rubber pipes, and supporting members are provided to the high pressure compressor housing 28, the low pressure compressor housing 37, the head cover 8, the engine cover 9, etc. It is supported through. The open end 85A of the breathing passage 85 is disposed above the main body 71A. Further, the open end 85A of the breathing passage 85 is disposed at the upper portion of the engine room 100 and above the submerged height WL. In the present embodiment, the open end 85 A of the breathing passage 85 is disposed inside the engine cover 9, that is, in the space 101 defined by the engine cover 9 and the head cover 8.

  In the present embodiment, the main body 71A of the first actuator 32 is located at a position where a risk of submersion in the lower part of the engine room 100 arises in order to arrange the multistage supercharging device 12 in the space 18 between the internal combustion engine main body 2 and the radiator 17. Be placed. However, since the first actuator 32 has the breathing passage 85 and the open end 85A is disposed above the main body 71A, the open end 85A can be maintained on the water surface even when the main body 71A is submerged. Water can be prevented from entering the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A.

  Further, since the open end 85A is disposed in the space 101 defined by the head cover 8 and the engine cover 9 disposed in the upper part of the engine room 100, the risk of the open end 85A being submerged is reduced. Further, since the opening end 85A is covered by the head cover 8 and the engine cover 9, it is difficult for the scattered water droplets or dust to enter the opening end 85A.

  As a partially modified example of the first embodiment, the open end 85A may be connected to the intake passage of the intake device 14. In this case, the open end 85A is preferably connected to the downstream side of the air cleaner 14A and the upstream side of the low pressure stage supercharger 22 in the intake passage. The intake device 14 is disposed at the top of the engine room 100 to avoid water immersion, so that the opening end 85A is connected to the intake passage to prevent the entry of water to the opening end 85A. Further, foreign matter such as dust is removed from the air by passing through the air cleaner 14A, so that the foreign matter can be prevented from entering the opening end 85A.

  As another partially modified embodiment of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the open end 85 A of the breathing passage 85 may be connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber 72 B of the second actuator 46. Thus, the atmospheric pressure is supplied to the atmospheric pressure chamber 72A of the first actuator 32 through the breathing hole 83B of the second actuator 46, the atmospheric pressure chamber 72B, and the breathing passage 85 in this order. As described above, since the main body 71B of the second actuator 46 is disposed above the main body 71A of the first actuator 32, the possibility of being submerged is low. In addition, since the main body 71B of the second actuator 46 is disposed above the submersion height WL, there is no risk of submersion in a possible usage mode of the vehicle. The open end 85A of the breathing passage 85 may be connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber 72C of the third actuator 54 or the atmospheric pressure chamber 72D of the fourth actuator 66 instead of the atmospheric pressure chamber 72B of the second actuator 46. Also, the open end 85A of the breathing passage 85 is another pressure-type actuator disposed in the engine room 100, and an atmospheric pressure chamber of the pressure-type actuator whose main body is disposed above the main body 71A of the first actuator 32. It may be connected to 72. Such an actuator may be, for example, an actuator that opens and closes an EGR valve provided in an EGR passage that recirculates a part of the exhaust gas from the exhaust passage to the intake passage.

  Although the description of the specific embodiment is finished above, the present invention can be widely modified and implemented without being limited to the above embodiment. For example, although the example which applied this invention to the pressure type actuator provided in the multistage supercharging device 12 was shown in the said embodiment, this invention is a pressure type actuator used for various apparatuses arrange | positioned at the engine room 100 It can be applied to For example, the present invention may be applied to an actuator that opens and closes an EGR valve.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Internal combustion engine 2: Internal combustion engine main body 6: Cylinder block 7: Cylinder head 8: Head cover 9: Engine cover 12: Multistage supercharging device 14: Intake device 17: Radiator 18: Air gap 21: High pressure stage supercharging device 22: Low pressure Stage supercharger 27: high pressure stage turbine housing 28: high pressure stage compressor housing 30: variable nozzle mechanism 32: first actuator 36: low pressure stage turbine housing 37: low pressure stage compressor housing 45: exhaust bypass valve 46: second actuator 52: Waste gate valve 54: third actuator 65: intake bypass valve 66: fourth actuator 71: main body 72: atmospheric pressure chamber 73: pressure chamber 74: partition 75: drive shaft 81: pressure supply passage 83: breathing hole 84: energizing Member 85: breathing passage 85A: open end 10 0: Engine room 101: Space

Claims (4)

A pressure type actuator disposed in an internal combustion engine provided in an engine room of a car, comprising:
A body comprising a pressure chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber separated from one another by displaceable partitions;
A drive shaft comprising a proximal end coupled to the septum, and a distal end projecting from the body and connected to an operation target;
A pressure supply passage connecting the pressure chamber to a pressure supply;
A breathing passage having one end connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber and an open end opened to the atmosphere;
In the internal combustion engine, a cylinder head is disposed above the cylinder block,
The internal combustion engine includes a head cover coupled to an upper portion of the cylinder head, and an engine cover that covers the upper portion of the head cover and defines a space in communication with the engine room with the head cover.
The pressure type actuator according to claim 1, wherein the open end is disposed above the main body and in the space . A pressure-type actuator disposed in the engine compartment of a car,
A body comprising a pressure chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber separated from one another by displaceable partitions;
A drive shaft comprising a proximal end coupled to the septum, and a distal end projecting from the body and connected to an operation target;
A pressure supply passage connecting the pressure chamber to a pressure supply;
A breathing passage having one end connected to the atmospheric pressure chamber and an open end opened to the atmosphere;
The engine compartment is provided with another pressure-type actuator having a body with a pressure chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber, which are separated from one another by displaceable bulkheads,
The body of the other pressure actuator is disposed above the body of the pressure actuator,
A pressure type actuator characterized in that the open end is disposed above the main body and connected to an atmospheric pressure chamber of the other pressure type actuator. An internal combustion engine having first and second supercharging devices is disposed in the engine room,
The first supercharger comprises a turbine housing disposed below the second supercharger such that an axis of rotation extends in a horizontal direction, a turbine blade received in the turbine housing, and the turbine housing And a variable nozzle mechanism for adjusting the pressure of the exhaust supplied to the turbine blade,
The tip of the drive shaft is coupled to the variable nozzle mechanism,
The pressure type actuator according to any one of claims 1 and 2 , wherein the main body is disposed below the turbine housing. A radiator is disposed in front of the internal combustion engine in the engine room,
The pressure type actuator according to claim 3 , wherein the first and second supercharging devices are disposed between a main body of the internal combustion engine and the radiator.

Images