JP6426341B2 - Method and apparatus for evaluating plant health status and method for cultivating plant - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for evaluating plant health status and method for cultivating plant Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012854 evaluation process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 30
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004410 intraocular pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000025508 response to water Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、植物の健康状態の評価方法および評価装置ならびに植物の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating the health status of a plant and a method for cultivating a plant.
将来の水問題を考える上で、農業用水の節約は重要であり、その一つの有効な手段として最適潅水制御がある。しかしそれを実現するためには、いまその作物がどのくらいの水を必要としているのか（作物給水ニーズ）を非侵襲かつ実時間で把握する必要がある。植物は一般に水が不足すると（すなわち水ストレスを受けると）いろいろな変化が現れるが、最も顕著な変化は葉のしおれである。篤農家は、成長点等のしおれを観察することにより給水時期を判断していると言われている。しかしながら、超節水型植物工場などで潅水制御を行う場合、このしおれを工学的に評価する必要がある。しおれると、植物は枝や葉が垂れ下がるなどの形状変化が現れる。しかし、植物は多種多様な形状を有するので、その形状解析は、現在の画像処理技術ではほとんど行うことができない。また、植物の形状（枝の角度等）は、一日の内でも予想外に大きく変化しており、その形状の変化から植物の水ストレスを判断することは難しい。 In considering future water problems, conservation of agricultural water is important, and one of the effective measures is optimal irrigation control. However, in order to achieve that, it is necessary to grasp in a non-invasive manner and in real time how much water the crop needs now (crop water supply needs). Plants generally show various changes when they run out of water (ie water stress), but the most significant change is leaf stalk. Farmers are said to be judging the water supply time by observing the drooping at growth points. However, when performing irrigation control in a super water-saving plant factory or the like, it is necessary to evaluate this inundation in terms of engineering. When it is wilted, the plants appear to change shape such as branches and leaves hanging down. However, since plants have a wide variety of shapes, their shape analysis can hardly be performed by current image processing techniques. In addition, the shape of the plant (angle of branch, etc.) changes unexpectedly even during the day, and it is difficult to determine the water stress of the plant from the change in the shape.
そこで本発明者は、植物の水ストレスを、植物の形状からではなく、その張り（弾力）によって評価できないか検討しており、すでにいくつかの提案を行っている（例えば非特許文献１）。 Then, the present inventor is examining whether water stress of a plant can be evaluated not by the shape of a plant but by its tension (elasticity), and some proposals have already been made (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
本発明者は、従来、葉を指などではじくという方法で瞬時的な振動情報を得て、これを解析していた。
これに対して、本発明は、植物に断続的または継続的に植物を振動させ、これを解析して完成した発明である。
The present inventor has conventionally analyzed and obtained instantaneous vibration information by a method of repelling leaves with a finger or the like.
On the other hand, the present invention is an invention completed by vibrating a plant intermittently or continuously to a plant and analyzing this.
本発明は、振動発信源を用いて断続的または継続的に植物を振動させ、その振動情報から植物の健康状態を把握する方法およびそれを可能にする装置を提供することを目的とする。また、その方法に基づく植物の栽培方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method of vibrating a plant intermittently or continuously using a vibration source and grasping the health condition of the plant from the vibration information, and an apparatus for enabling the method. Moreover, it aims at providing the cultivation method of the plant based on the method.
本発明者は鋭意検討し、上記課題を解決する方法を見出し、本発明を完成させた。
本発明は次の（１）〜（９）である。
（１）振動発生源を用いて植物を振動させる振動工程と、
前記植物の位置を計測して、振動した植物の位置情報を得る計測工程と、
前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報の推移を把握し、その変化から植物の健康状態の変化を把握する評価工程と、
を備える植物の健康状態の評価方法。
（２）前記振動工程が、
前記振動発生源として音波発信源を用い、この音波発信源から前記植物の表面へ音波を照射する工程である、上記（１）に記載の健康状態の評価方法。
（３）前記評価工程が、
前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から前記植物の共振周波数を前記解析情報として得て、その共振周波数の推移を把握し、その変化から植物の健康状態の変化を把握する工程である、上記（１）または（２）に記載の植物の健康状態の評価方法。
（４）前記評価工程が、
前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形における変位の最大値と最小値との合計値を前記解析情報として得て、その合計値の推移を把握し、その変化から植物の健康状態の変化を把握する工程である、上記（１）または（２）に記載の植物の健康状態の評価方法。
（５）植物の表面を振動させ得る振動発信源と、
前記植物の位置を計測して、振動した植物の位置情報を得る計測部と、
前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報を継続的または断続的に出力する解析部と、
を有し、前記解析部から出力される情報の推移の変化から植物の健康状態の評価を行うことができる、植物の健康状態の評価装置。
（６）前記振動発信源が、植物の表面を振動させ得る音波を発生させる音波発信源である、上記（５）に記載の植物の健康状態の評価装置。
（７）前記解析部が、
前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から前記植物の共振周波数を前記解析情報として得て、継続的または断続的にその共振周波数の解析情報を出力する、上記（５）または（６）に記載の植物の健康状態の評価装置。
（８）前記解析部が、
前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形における変位の最大値と最小値との合計値を前記解析情報として得て、継続的または断続的にその合計値の解析情報を出力する、上記（５）または（６）に記載の植物の健康状態の評価装置。
（９）上記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載の評価方法によって植物の健康状態を把握し、前記解析情報が所定値となったときに前記植物へ水を供給する供給工程を備える、植物の栽培方法。
The present inventors diligently studied, found a method for solving the above problems, and completed the present invention.
The present invention is the following (1) to (9).
(1) a vibration step of vibrating a plant using a vibration source;
Measuring the position of the plant to obtain positional information of the vibrated plant;
An evaluation step of obtaining a vibration waveform of the plant from the position information, obtaining analysis information from the vibration waveform, grasping a transition of the analysis information, and grasping a change in health condition of the plant from the change;
A method of evaluating the health status of a plant comprising:
(2) The vibration process
The evaluation method of the health condition according to the above (1), which is a step of applying an acoustic wave to the surface of the plant from the acoustic wave source using the acoustic wave source as the vibration source.
(3) The evaluation process
The vibration waveform of the plant is determined from the position information, the resonance frequency of the plant is obtained as the analysis information from the vibration waveform, the transition of the resonance frequency is grasped, and the change of the health condition of the plant is grasped from the change The evaluation method of the health condition of the plant as described in said (1) or (2) which is a process.
(4) The evaluation process
The vibration waveform of the plant is determined from the position information, the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the displacement in the vibration waveform is obtained as the analysis information, the transition of the total value is grasped, and the plant health is The evaluation method of the health condition of a plant as described in said (1) or (2) which is a process of grasping | ascertaining the change of a condition.
(5) a vibration source capable of vibrating the surface of the plant;
A measurement unit that measures the position of the plant and obtains positional information of the vibrated plant;
An analysis unit which obtains a vibration waveform of the plant from the position information, obtains analysis information from the vibration waveform, and continuously or intermittently outputs the analysis information;
The evaluation apparatus of the plant health condition which can evaluate plant health condition from the change of transition of the information output from the said analysis part.
(6) The apparatus for evaluating the health condition of a plant according to (5), wherein the vibration source is a sound wave source that generates a sound wave that can vibrate the surface of a plant.
(7) The analysis unit
The vibration waveform of the plant is determined from the position information, the resonance frequency of the plant is obtained as the analysis information from the vibration waveform, and analysis information of the resonance frequency is output continuously or intermittently. The evaluation apparatus of the health condition of the plant as described in (6).
(8) The analysis unit
The vibration waveform of the plant is determined from the position information, the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of displacement in the vibration waveform is obtained as the analysis information, and analysis information of the total value is output continuously or intermittently. The evaluation apparatus of the health condition of the plant as described in said (5) or (6).
(9) A health condition of a plant is grasped by the evaluation method according to any one of the above (1) to (4), and the method includes a supply step of supplying water to the plant when the analysis information becomes a predetermined value. , How to grow plants.
本発明によれば、振動発信源を用いて断続的または継続的に植物を振動させ、その振動情報から植物の健康状態を把握する方法およびそれを可能にする装置を提供することができる。また、その方法に基づく植物の栽培方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for vibrating a plant intermittently or continuously using a vibration source and grasping the health state of the plant from the vibration information, and an apparatus for enabling the method. Moreover, the cultivation method of the plant based on the method can be provided.
本発明について説明する。
本発明は、振動発生源を用いて植物を振動させる振動工程と、前記植物の位置を計測して、振動した植物の位置情報を得る計測工程と、前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報の推移を把握し、その変化から植物の健康状態の変化を把握する評価工程と、を備える植物の健康状態の評価方法である。
このような植物の健康状態の評価方法を、以下では「本発明の評価方法」ともいう。
The present invention will be described.
In the present invention, a vibration process of vibrating a plant using a vibration source, a measurement process of measuring the position of the plant to obtain positional information of the vibrated plant, and a vibration waveform of the plant are determined from the positional information And an evaluation step of obtaining analysis information from the vibration waveform, grasping a transition of the analysis information, and grasping a change of the health condition of the plant from the change, and evaluating the health condition of the plant.
Such a method for evaluating the health status of a plant is hereinafter also referred to as "the evaluation method of the present invention".
また、本発明は、本発明の評価方法によって植物の健康状態を把握し、前記解析情報が所定値となったときに前記植物へ水を供給する供給工程を備える、植物の栽培方法である。
このような植物の栽培方法を、以下では「本発明の栽培方法」ともいう。
Moreover, this invention is a cultivation method of a plant comprising a supply step of grasping the health condition of a plant by the evaluation method of the present invention and supplying water to the plant when the analysis information reaches a predetermined value.
Hereinafter, the method for cultivating such plants is also referred to as "the cultivation method of the present invention".
さらに、本発明は、植物の表面を振動させ得る振動発信源と、前記植物の位置を計測して、振動した植物の位置情報を得る計測部と、前記位置情報から前記植物の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報を継続的または断続的に出力する解析部と、を有し、前記解析部から出力される情報の推移の変化から植物の健康状態の評価方法を行うことができる、植物の健康状態の評価装置である。
このような植物の健康状態の評価装置を、以下では「本発明の評価装置」ともいう。
Furthermore, according to the present invention, a vibration source that can vibrate the surface of a plant, a measurement unit that measures the position of the plant, and obtains position information of the vibrated plant, and a vibration waveform of the plant is determined from the position information. And an analysis unit that obtains analysis information from the vibration waveform and outputs the analysis information continuously or intermittently, and evaluates the health state of the plant from the change in transition of the information output from the analysis unit. It is an evaluation device of the health status of plants that can carry out the method.
Hereinafter, such an apparatus for evaluating the health status of a plant is also referred to as an "evaluation apparatus of the present invention".
本発明の評価装置を用いて、本発明の評価方法を実施することができる。 The evaluation method of the present invention can be implemented using the evaluation device of the present invention.
本発明の評価装置について図を用いて説明する。
図１は本発明の評価装置の好適態様を示す図であり、植物１の表面を振動させ得る音波１１１を発生させる音波発信源１１と、植物１の位置を計測して、音波１１１を照射されて振動した植物１の位置情報を得る計測部１３と、前記位置情報から植物１の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報を継続的または断続的に出力する解析部１５１を含むコンピュータ１５とを有する装置１０を示す概略図である。
The evaluation apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of the evaluation apparatus of the present invention, in which a sound wave source 11 for generating a sound wave 111 capable of vibrating the surface of the plant 1 and a position of the plant 1 are measured and irradiated with the sound wave 111 The measurement unit 13 for obtaining positional information of the plant 1 vibrated and the vibration waveform of the plant 1 are obtained from the position information, the analysis information is obtained from the vibration waveform, and the analysis is output continuously or intermittently FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing an apparatus 10 having a computer 15 including a unit 151;
図１に示す装置１０は、さらに、任意波形発生装置１７およびアンプ１９を有しており、加えて、コンピュータ１５は制御部１５２および表示部１５３を含んでいる。そして、制御部１５２によって任意波形発生装置１７を制御して、所望の周波数の音波１１１を音響発信源１１から発生することができる。また、解析部１５１は計測部１３によって得られた植物１の位置情報から振動波形を求め、その振動波形を解析して解析情報を算出し、それを出力する役割を果たす。そして、出力された解析情報は、推移データとして、表示部１５３に表わすことができる。表示部１５３はディスプレイ画面等であってよい。 The apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 further includes an arbitrary waveform generator 17 and an amplifier 19, and additionally, the computer 15 includes a control unit 152 and a display unit 153. Then, the arbitrary waveform generator 17 can be controlled by the control unit 152 to generate the sound wave 111 of a desired frequency from the sound source 11. In addition, the analysis unit 151 obtains a vibration waveform from the position information of the plant 1 obtained by the measurement unit 13, analyzes the vibration waveform, calculates analysis information, and plays a role in outputting it. Then, the output analysis information can be represented on the display unit 153 as transition data. The display unit 153 may be a display screen or the like.
音響発信源１１は強力超音波音源（パラメトリックスピーカ、例えば日本セラミック株式会社製のパラメトリックスピーカキット）であることが好ましい。
なお、本発明の評価装置では、振動発信源として、上記のような音響発信源を好ましく用いることができるが、その他にエアガンや衝撃波もしくは扇風機等を用いることもできる。
The sound source 11 is preferably a strong ultrasonic sound source (parametric speaker, for example, a parametric speaker kit manufactured by Nippon Ceramic Co., Ltd.).
In the evaluation apparatus of the present invention, the above-mentioned sound source can be preferably used as a vibration source, but in addition, an air gun, a shock wave, a fan or the like can also be used.
図１では、音響発信源１１を植物１の下方へ配置し、下方から植物１へ音波１１１が照射されるように配置しているが、本発明において音響発信源１１の植物１に対する位置は特に限定されない。また、音響発信源１１の数も限定されない。 In FIG. 1, the acoustic transmission source 11 is disposed below the plant 1 and the acoustic wave 111 is irradiated to the plant 1 from below, but in the present invention, the position of the acoustic transmission source 11 with respect to the plant 1 is particularly It is not limited. Also, the number of sound sources 11 is not limited.
音響発信源１１から植物１へ照射される音波１１１は特に限定されない。パルス状の音響放射圧を植物１へ加えられる音波１１１が好ましい。なかでも周波数が葉や茎の共振周波数に近い２〜１０Ｈｚ程度（小松菜の場合）のｓｉｎ状のパルス波であれば、弱い加振力であっても大きな振幅を得ることができるのでより好ましい。しかしながら、本発明の評価装置では、必ずしも共振周波数を用いなくても音響放射圧や風等により葉と茎を少しでも動かせれば計測は可能であり、周波数は限定されないといってよい。例えば強力超音波音源（パラメトリックスピーカ）の場合にはその搬送周波数だけでも音響放射圧が発生するので、まったく無変調でも計測は可能である。同様にパルス波の長さにも特に最適な長さがあるわけではないが、あえていうならば、葉や茎に振動が起こせる程度の長さ、周波数にもよるが数波程度でも十分である。
また、健康状態を評価しようとする植物の共振周波数が不明な場合であっても、葉や茎に振動が起こせさえすれば、植物１の共振周波数帯を見出すことができる。
The sound wave 111 irradiated from the sound source 11 to the plant 1 is not particularly limited. Preferably, the sound wave 111 is such that pulsed acoustic radiation pressure is applied to the plant 1. Above all, a sin-like pulse wave having a frequency of about 2 to 10 Hz (in the case of Komatsuna) close to the resonance frequency of leaves and stems is more preferable because a large amplitude can be obtained even with a weak excitation force. However, in the evaluation apparatus of the present invention, measurement is possible if the leaf and stem can be moved even a little by acoustic radiation pressure, wind or the like without necessarily using the resonance frequency, and it may be said that the frequency is not limited. For example, in the case of a strong ultrasonic sound source (parametric speaker), since the acoustic radiation pressure is generated only at the carrier frequency, measurement can be performed even without modulation at all. Similarly, the length of the pulse wave does not necessarily have a particularly optimum length, but if it is dare to say, it is sufficient to cause vibrations to the leaves and stems, depending on the frequency, but several waves may be sufficient. .
In addition, even if the resonant frequency of the plant whose health condition is to be evaluated is unknown, the resonant frequency band of the plant 1 can be found as long as vibrations can be caused to the leaves and stems.
計測器１３は植物１の位置を非接触で計測できるものであれば特に限定されず、レーザ変位計であることが好ましい。レーザ変位計からレーザ１３１を植物１に照射して、その表面の位置を計測することができる。得られた位置情報は解析部１５１へ出力される。解析部１５１へ入力された位置情報から植物１の振動波形を求めることができる。 The measuring device 13 is not particularly limited as long as it can measure the position of the plant 1 without contact, and a laser displacement gauge is preferable. The plant 1 can be irradiated with the laser 131 from the laser displacement meter to measure the position of the surface. The obtained position information is output to the analysis unit 151. The vibration waveform of the plant 1 can be obtained from the position information input to the analysis unit 151.
任意波形発生装置１７は、制御部１５２の指令によって所望の周波数の音波１１１を音響発信源１１から発生させることができる装置である。例えば、ノイズ波やバースト波を発生可能な市販のファンクションジェネレータ等を用いることができる。音波１１１の波形は通常この任意波形発生装置により制御することができる。通常は簡単のために手動で制御するが、制御部１５２から制御するようにシステムを構成することも可能である。 The arbitrary waveform generation device 17 is a device capable of generating a sound wave 111 of a desired frequency from the sound source 11 according to an instruction of the control unit 152. For example, a commercially available function generator capable of generating a noise wave or a burst wave can be used. The waveform of the sound wave 111 can usually be controlled by this arbitrary waveform generator. Although the control is usually performed manually for simplicity, it is also possible to configure the system to be controlled from the control unit 152.
アンプ１９は、音源が強力超音波音源の場合には、搬送周波数として超音波を発生できる専用アンプを必要とする。 The amplifier 19 requires a dedicated amplifier capable of generating an ultrasonic wave as a carrier frequency when the sound source is a high-power ultrasonic sound source.
解析部１５１は、計測部１３において得られた植物１の位置情報から、植物１の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報を継続的または断続的に出力する。 The analysis unit 151 obtains a vibration waveform of the plant 1 from the position information of the plant 1 obtained in the measurement unit 13, obtains analysis information from the vibration waveform, and continuously or intermittently outputs the analysis information.
計測部１３によって測定して得られた植物１の位置情報から求められる振動波形は、例えば図２に示すような、減衰曲線に近似した態様となり得る。
また、この減衰曲線は、縦軸をｙ、横軸をｔとおくと、特性角振動数をωとして、ほぼｙ＝Ａｅ-γtｓｉｎ（ωｔ＋α）のように近似できると考えられる。ここでγは、質量ｍの質点の減衰振動の運動方程式において速度ｖに比例した抵抗力を−２ｍγｖとおいたときの減衰係数である。
The vibration waveform calculated | required from the positional information on the plant 1 obtained by measuring by the measurement part 13 may become an aspect approximated to the attenuation curve as shown, for example in FIG.
Further, assuming that the vertical axis is y and the horizontal axis is t, this attenuation curve can be approximated as approximately y = Ae −γt sin (ωt + α), where ω is the characteristic angular frequency. Here, γ is a damping coefficient when the resistance proportional to the velocity v in the equation of motion of damping vibration of a mass point of mass m is −2 mγ v.
解析部１５１は、上記のようにして求められた振動波形から解析情報を得る。 The analysis unit 151 obtains analysis information from the vibration waveform obtained as described above.
解析情報について説明する。
例えば、解析部１５１では、上記のような植物１の共振周波数を解析情報として求める。
共振周波数は、図２に示したような振動波形（減衰曲線）をフーリエ変換することで求めることができる。フーリエ変換することで、例えば後述する図５に示すような、横軸（Ｘ軸）を周波数、縦軸（Ｙ軸）をパワースペクトル（振動エネルギーに対応した値）とする図が得られ、共振周波数を把握することができる。例えば図５では３〜４Ｈｚに共振周波数が存在することがわかる。
Analysis information will be described.
For example, the analysis unit 151 obtains the resonance frequency of the plant 1 as described above as analysis information.
The resonance frequency can be determined by Fourier transforming a vibration waveform (attenuation curve) as shown in FIG. By performing Fourier transform, for example, a diagram in which the horizontal axis (X axis) is a frequency and the vertical axis (Y axis) is a power spectrum (a value corresponding to vibrational energy) as shown in FIG. It is possible to grasp the frequency. For example, in FIG. 5, it can be seen that a resonant frequency exists at 3 to 4 Hz.
また、例えば、解析部１５１では、上記のような植物１の振動波形における変位の最大値と最小値との合計値を解析情報として求める。
振動波形における変位の最大値は、図２において「ａ」で示しており、変位の最小値は「ｂ」で示しており、それらの合計値は「ｃ」で示している。このような合計値（ｃ）が解析情報に相当する。この解析情報（ｃ）については、後に詳細に説明する。
Also, for example, in the analysis unit 151, a total value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the displacement in the vibration waveform of the plant 1 as described above is obtained as analysis information.
The maximum value of displacement in the vibration waveform is indicated by "a" in FIG. 2, the minimum value of displacement is indicated by "b", and the total value of them is indicated by "c". Such a total value (c) corresponds to analysis information. The analysis information (c) will be described in detail later.
解析部１５１は、上記のようにして振動波形から解析情報（共振周波数、最大値と最小値との合計値など）を得て、それを継続的または断続的に出力する。図１に示した本発明の評価装置の好適態様の場合、出力された解析情報は、表示部１５３に推移データとして表すことができる。そして、この推移データの変化から植物の健康状態の評価を行うことができる。 The analysis unit 151 obtains analysis information (resonance frequency, sum of maximum value and minimum value, and the like) from the vibration waveform as described above, and continuously or intermittently outputs it. In the case of the preferred embodiment of the evaluation device of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the output analysis information can be displayed on the display unit 153 as transition data. And evaluation of the health condition of a plant can be performed from the change of this transition data.
推移データは、解析情報の種類によっても異なるが、例えば解析情報が共振周波数である場合や、振動波形における変位の最大値と最小値との合計値である場合、植物の健康状態が悪くなると低下する傾向がある。この傾向によって、植物の健康状態を評価することができる。 The transition data also varies depending on the type of analysis information, but for example, if the analysis information is a resonant frequency or if it is the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the displacement in the vibration waveform, the plant's health declines. There is a tendency to This tendency makes it possible to assess the health status of plants.
また、上記のように解析情報（共振周波数や、振動波形における変位の最大値と最小値との合計値等）が低下して所定値となったときに植物へ水を供給すれば、植物へ適切な量の水を供給することになり、植物を適切に栽培することができるので好ましい。 In addition, if water is supplied to the plant when the analysis information (resonance frequency, the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the displacement in the vibration waveform, etc.) falls as described above, and the water is supplied to the plant, An appropriate amount of water will be supplied, which is preferable since plants can be grown properly.
葉の振動特性変化により植物の健康状態を調べる手法は、従来には無かった新しい検査手法になる可能性を秘めているもののその駆動源に関しては問題があった。すなわち通常のラウドスピーカでは低い周波数で葉に振動を起こすことは困難であること、眼圧計測に用いられるようなエアガンではコンプレッサ等が必要になり装置が大型化する上に周波数の制御は出来なくなることなどの問題があり、長時間自動的に計測するシステムを構築することができなかった。しかしながら、今回、提案する小型の強力超音波音源を用いれば共振周波数を用いることにより極めて効率的に葉を揺らすことができ、かつ周波数制御も自在である。この事実は非接触で植物健康状態を検査できることを意味しており、将来的には植物工場等で応用できる可能性を秘めていると思われる。 Although there is a possibility that the method of examining the health status of plants by the change in leaf vibration characteristics may become a new examination method which has not been hitherto available, there are problems with respect to the driving source thereof. That is, it is difficult to cause vibrations in the leaves at low frequencies with ordinary loudspeakers, and with an air gun that is used for intraocular pressure measurement, a compressor, etc. is required, and the size of the device can not be increased and frequency control can not be performed. Due to problems with the system, it was not possible to build a system that automatically measures for a long time. However, if the small-sized strong ultrasonic sound source proposed here is used, the leaf can be shaken very efficiently by using the resonance frequency, and the frequency control is also free. This fact means that it is possible to check the health status of the plant without contact, and it seems that there is a possibility that it can be applied to plant factories etc. in the future.
＜実験セットアップ＞
図３に示すような実験装置をセットした。図３（ａ）は実験装置２０および計測対象物である植物（小松菜の葉２５）を示す概略側面図であり、図３（ｂ）はその写真である。
図３に示すように、レーザ変位計２１と音波発生源２３とによって、上下から、葉２５を挟むように配置した。ここでレーザ変位計２１は、上から葉２５へレーザ光を照射して、その位置を計測できるように構成されている。また、音波発生源２３は、パラメトリックスピーカであり、水平に配置された台の上に配置されていて、音波発生源２３から発生した音波が下から葉２５へ照射されるように構成されている。また、葉２５は、レーザ変位計２１および音波発生源２３までの距離がほぼ同じ（１５０ｍｍ程度）になるように配置されている。また、ＣＣＤカメラを設置し（図示しない）、小松菜の状態を連続して観測した。
なお、実験装置２０は、一部のみ図示しており、全体の構成は図１に示した装置１０と同様である。すなわち、図１の装置１０における計測器１３および音波発生源１１が、図３ではレーザ変位計２１および音波発生源２３に相当する。
<Experiment setup>
An experimental apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 was set. FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic side view showing the experimental apparatus 20 and a plant (Komatsuna leaf 25) which is a measurement object, and FIG. 3 (b) is a photograph thereof.
As shown in FIG. 3, the leaves 25 were arranged to be sandwiched from above and below by the laser displacement meter 21 and the sound source 23. Here, the laser displacement meter 21 is configured to be able to irradiate the leaf 25 with laser light from above and to measure the position thereof. Further, the sound wave source 23 is a parametric speaker, and is disposed on a horizontally disposed table, and is configured such that the sound wave generated from the sound wave source 23 is irradiated to the leaf 25 from below. . Further, the leaves 25 are arranged so that the distances to the laser displacement meter 21 and the sound source 23 are substantially the same (about 150 mm). In addition, a CCD camera was installed (not shown), and the state of Komatsuna was continuously observed.
Note that only part of the experimental apparatus 20 is illustrated, and the overall configuration is the same as that of the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. That is, the measuring instrument 13 and the sound source 11 in the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 correspond to the laser displacement meter 21 and the sound source 23 in FIG.
＜実験１＞
１．初期実験結果
初めに、音波発生源２３から葉２５へ、周波数を変化させながら音波を照射してみたところ、３〜４Ｈｚ程度で、葉２５および茎が共振することが判明した。小松菜への給水をカットして水ストレス状態とした後、周波数特性を調べるため、５０Ｈｚのｓｉｎ波形バースト波の１波を、５分間の間隔にて、音波発生源２３から葉２５へ照射し、その際の葉２５の位置をレーザ変位計２１にて計測した。
<Experiment 1>
1. Initial Experimental Results First, when sound waves were irradiated from the sound wave source 23 to the leaf 25 while changing the frequency, it was found that the leaf 25 and the stem resonate at about 3 to 4 Hz. After cutting the water supply to Komatsuna into a water stress state, one wave of a 50 Hz sin waveform burst wave is irradiated from the sound source 23 to the leaves 25 at intervals of 5 minutes to investigate the frequency characteristics, The position of the leaf 25 at that time was measured by the laser displacement meter 21.
レーザ変位計２１による葉２５の振動計測結果の例を図４に挙げる。また、その振動計測結果を高速フーリエ変換した周波数解析結果を図５に示す。
図５に示す周波数解析結果より３〜４Ｈｚ付近に共振ピークが観測されることがわかる。
An example of the vibration measurement result of the leaf 25 by the laser displacement meter 21 is shown in FIG. Moreover, the frequency analysis result which carried out the fast Fourier transformation of the vibration measurement result is shown in FIG.
It can be seen from the frequency analysis result shown in FIG. 5 that a resonance peak is observed around 3 to 4 Hz.
２．数日間の計測結果例
図５に示したような共振ピークが現れる周波数（以下「共振周波数」ともいう）が、時間の経過とともにどのように変化するのかを観測した。なお、植物には実験開始後からは給水を一切与えていない状態で実験を行った。結果を図６〜８に示す。なお、図６は横軸（Ｘ軸）を実験開始からの日数、縦軸（Ｙ軸）は、共振周波数の正午頃の値を示している。また、図７および図８は、横軸（Ｘ軸）が時間、縦軸（Ｙ軸）が５分ごとに計測した、共振周波数の値を示している。
2. Example of Measurement Results for Several Days It was observed how the frequency at which the resonance peak as shown in FIG. 5 appears (hereinafter also referred to as “resonance frequency”) changes with the passage of time. In addition, after the experiment start, experiment was performed in the state which is not given water supply at all to the plant. The results are shown in FIGS. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis (X axis) represents the number of days from the start of the experiment, and the vertical axis (Y axis) represents the value around noon of the resonance frequency. FIGS. 7 and 8 show values of resonance frequency measured on the horizontal axis (X axis) as time, and on the vertical axis (Y axis) every 5 minutes.
実験開始後から５日間程度は共振周波数の変化は０．２Ｈｚ程度しかなかった。しかしながら、６日目の朝から植物の葉および茎が急速に倒れはじめる現象がＣＣＤカメラにより観測された。ちょうどレーザ変位計２１の計測レンジからも外れる限界に来ていたので、給水を実施して変化を観察することとした。
給水後は非常に短時間（１０分程度）で、葉及び茎の状態が元の位置に戻る現象を確認した。この給水前後における葉および茎の共振周波数の時間変化を示すものが図７および図８である。
The change in resonance frequency was only about 0.2 Hz for about 5 days after the start of the experiment. However, from the morning of the 6th day, the phenomenon that the leaves and stems of plants began to fall rapidly was observed by a CCD camera. Since the laser displacement meter 21 had just come out of the measurement range, water supply was implemented to observe changes.
It was confirmed that the leaf and stem condition returned to the original position in a very short time (about 10 minutes) after water supply. FIGS. 7 and 8 show temporal changes in resonant frequency of leaves and stems before and after the water supply.
図７および図８より、給水前の朝方より、急速に共振周波数の下降が始まっていることが確認できる。また、給水後は急速に共振周波数が元の値に戻っていることも確認できる。
このような計測結果より、共振周波数の変化を継続的に計測することで、植物の水ストレスの状態を把握できることがわかった。
From FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, it can be confirmed that the decrease of the resonance frequency starts rapidly from the morning before water supply. In addition, it can also be confirmed that the resonance frequency has returned to its original value rapidly after water supply.
From these measurement results, it was found that the state of water stress in plants can be grasped by continuously measuring the change in resonant frequency.
３．まとめ
強力超音波音源が葉および茎の振動源として非常に有効に使用できることが判明した。このことにより小型で安価な装置で、植物地上部の健康状態を長期間計測が可能となることが明らかになった。初期の簡易実験結果からは水ストレスに対する反応が共振周波数の変化として明確に捉えられることを示していると思われる。将来的には植物全体の健康状態評価にも応用可能と思われる。
3. Summary It has been found that a powerful ultrasound source can be used very effectively as a leaf and stem vibration source. It has become clear that this makes it possible to measure the health status of the above-ground part of the plant for a long time with a small and inexpensive device. Initial simple experimental results seem to indicate that the response to water stress can be clearly understood as a change in resonant frequency. In the future, it may be applicable to health condition assessment of the whole plant.
＜実験２＞
実験１の場合と同様に、図３に示した実験装置をセットした。
そして、小松菜への給水をカットして水ストレス状態とした後、５０Ｈｚのｓｉｎ波形バースト波の１波を、５分間の間隔にて、音波発生源２３から葉２５へ照射し、その際の葉２５の位置をレーザ変位計２１にて計測した。
そして、レーザ変位計２１によって計測された葉２５の振動波形を求め、その振動波形における、変位の最大値と最小値との合計を算出した。
レーザ変位計２１によって計測された葉２５の振動波形の結果の例を図２に示す。また、変位の最大値と最小値との合計値（図２において「ｃ」で示される）の推移を、図９に示す。
<Experiment 2>
As in the case of Experiment 1, the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was set.
Then, after cutting the water supply to Komatsuna into a water stress state, one wave of a 50 Hz sin waveform burst wave is irradiated from the sound source 23 to the leaf 25 at an interval of 5 minutes, and the leaf at that time The position of 25 was measured by the laser displacement meter 21.
Then, the vibration waveform of the leaf 25 measured by the laser displacement meter 21 was determined, and the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the displacement in the vibration waveform was calculated.
An example of the result of the vibration waveform of the leaf 25 measured by the laser displacement meter 21 is shown in FIG. Further, the transition of the total value (indicated by “c” in FIG. 2) of the maximum value and the minimum value of the displacement is shown in FIG.
図２および図９に示すように、図６に示したような共振周波数の変化に比べると加振時の葉の変位幅は変化が大きい。ミリオーダの変化がレーザ変位計により直接的に計測されている。水ストレスが加わるにつれて、その変位幅は小さくなっていくために、健康な状態のときの音波による変位量と比べて、現在の変位量の割合がある閾値以下に下がったときを潅水タイミングとする制御をかけることが可能と思われる。 As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 9, the displacement width of the leaf at the time of vibration change is large compared to the change of the resonance frequency as shown in FIG. Milliorder changes are measured directly by laser displacement gauges. The displacement width is reduced as water stress is applied, and the timing at which the ratio of the current displacement amount falls below a certain threshold is set as the irrigation timing, as compared to the displacement amount by sound waves in a healthy state. It seems possible to put in control.
＜葉および茎の共振周波数について＞
実験開始時から水の給水をカットして水ストレスを小松菜に与えた。５月２３日〜２４日の間にいったん茎が倒れたため、給水し復活させた。しかしながら、茎の位置はもどったものの葉の状況はもう元には戻らなかった。
葉および茎の共振周波数の変化を図１０に示す。
図１０に示すように、葉および茎の共振周波数は徐々に変化していくが、通常その変化幅は小さいため、誤差の影響を受けやすい。最終的に茎が倒れる直前にのみ大きな変化を示すが、このタイミングを潅水制御の指標として用いた場合には、植物にはある程度のダメージが残ってしまうことが予測される。
<Resonant frequency of leaves and stems>
From the beginning of the experiment, water supply was cut to give water stress to Komatsuna. Since the stem fell once between May 23 and 24, the water was revived. However, the position of the stem has returned to the original condition of the leaf.
The change in the resonant frequency of the leaves and stems is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 10, although the resonant frequency of the leaves and stems changes gradually, the range of change is usually small, and therefore, it is susceptible to errors. Although a large change is shown only immediately before the stem is finally fallen, when this timing is used as an indicator of irrigation control, it is predicted that some damage will be left to the plant.
＜加振前の葉の位置の変動＞
音波による加振前の葉の初期位置（図２のＸで示す位置）の変動を図１１に示す。
水ストレスを与え始めた（給水をカットした）初期は葉の初期位置に周期的な変動がみられており、植物の葉や茎が１日のうちで活発に活動していることが観測されている。しかし、給水カットによる水ストレスが加わると、徐々にこの変動はなくなっていき、生体としての動きが不活発となることがわかる。
この葉の初期位置の変動は固定的に常時計測していないとその動きの有り無しの判定ができないが、加振時の変位幅に関しては、健康時の葉の振動変位が既知であれば、特に常時観測の必要はなく、日にちをおいた計測であっても評価可能な点が特徴であると思われる。したがって、超音波加振により葉の振動変位から水ストレスを推定し、閾値等を用いて潅水制御をかける方法により、節水をしつつ植物の健康も維持することができると思われる。また、この方法であれば、特に共振周波数を調べる必要はないので、単純にレーザ変位計の出力する出力値をモニタリングするだけでも計測可能な点が大きな特徴である。
<Change of the position of the leaf before vibration>
The variation of the initial position (the position indicated by X in FIG. 2) of the leaf before vibration by the sound wave is shown in FIG.
In the early stage where water stress was applied (water supply was cut), periodic fluctuation was observed at the initial position of the leaves, and it was observed that the leaves and stems of the plant were actively active during the day. ing. However, it can be seen that when water stress due to water supply cut is applied, this fluctuation gradually disappears, and the movement as a living body becomes inactive.
The change in the initial position of this leaf can not be determined constantly if it is not constantly measured, but with respect to the displacement width at the time of vibration, if the vibration displacement of the leaf at the time of health is known, In particular, there is no need for constant observation, and it is considered that the point that can be evaluated even if it is a dated measurement is characteristic. Therefore, it is considered possible to maintain the health of the plant while saving water by a method of estimating water stress from vibrational displacement of leaves by ultrasonic vibration and controlling irrigation using a threshold value or the like. Moreover, with this method, it is not necessary to examine the resonance frequency in particular, and therefore, a point that can be measured simply by monitoring the output value output from the laser displacement gauge is a major feature.
１ 植物
１０ 本発明の評価装置
１１ 音響発信源
１３ 計測部
１３１ レーザ
１５ コンピュータ
１５１ 解析部
１５２ 制御部
１５３ 表示部
１７ 任意波形発生装置
１９ アンプ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 plant 10 evaluation apparatus of this invention 11 sound source 13 measurement part 131 laser 15 computer 151 analysis part 152 control part 153 display part 17 arbitrary waveform generator 19 amplifier
Claims (9)
前記植物の葉および茎の位置を計測して、振動した前記植物の葉および茎の位置情報を得る計測工程と、
前記位置情報から前記植物の葉および茎の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報の推移を把握し、その変化から植物の健康状態の変化を把握する評価工程と、
を備える植物の健康状態の評価方法。 Oscillating the leaves and stems of the plant using an oscillating source;
By measuring the position of the leaves and stems of the plant, a measuring step of obtaining the position information of the leaves and stems of the plants vibration,
An evaluation step of obtaining vibrational waveforms of leaves and stems of the plant from the position information, obtaining analysis information from the vibration waveforms, grasping a transition of the analysis information, and grasping a change of health condition of the plant from the change ,
A method of evaluating the health status of a plant comprising:
前記振動発生源として音波発信源を用い、この音波発信源から前記植物の葉および茎の表面へ音波を照射する工程である、請求項１に記載の植物の健康状態の評価方法。 The vibration process is
The method for evaluating the health condition of a plant according to claim 1, wherein the sound wave source is used as the vibration source, and the sound wave source irradiates the surface of leaves and stems of the plant with sound waves.
前記位置情報から前記植物の葉および茎の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から前記植物の葉および茎の共振周波数を前記解析情報として得て、その共振周波数の推移を把握し、その変化から植物の健康状態の変化を把握する工程である、請求項１または２に記載の植物の健康状態の評価方法。 The evaluation process
The vibration waveform of the leaves and stems of the plant is determined from the position information, and the resonant frequency of the leaves and stems of the plant is obtained as the analysis information from the vibration waveform, and the transition of the resonant frequency is grasped. The evaluation method of the health condition of the plant according to claim 1 or 2, which is a process of grasping the change of the health condition of
前記位置情報から前記植物の葉および茎の振動波形を求め、その振動波形における変位の最大値と最小値との合計値を前記解析情報として得て、その合計値の推移を把握し、その変化から植物の健康状態の変化を把握する工程である、請求項１または２に記載の植物の健康状態の評価方法。 The evaluation process
The vibration waveform of the leaves and stems of the plant is determined from the position information, the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the displacement in the vibration waveform is obtained as the analysis information, the transition of the total value is grasped, and the change The evaluation method of the health condition of the plant according to claim 1 or 2, which is a process of grasping the change of the health condition of the plant from the above.
前記植物の葉および茎の位置を計測して、振動した前記植物の葉および茎の位置情報を得る計測部と、
前記位置情報から前記植物の葉および茎の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から解析情報を得て、その解析情報を継続的または断続的に出力する解析部と、
を有し、前記解析部から出力される情報の推移の変化から植物の健康状態の評価を行うために用いる、植物の健康状態の評価装置。 A vibration source that can vibrate the surfaces of plant leaves and stems ,
By measuring the position of the leaves and stems of the plant, and a measurement unit for obtaining positional information of the leaves and stems of the plants vibration,
An analysis unit which obtains a vibration waveform of leaves and stems of the plant from the position information, obtains analysis information from the vibration waveform, and outputs the analysis information continuously or intermittently;
An apparatus for evaluating the health status of a plant, which is used to evaluate the health status of a plant from a change in transition of information output from the analysis unit.
前記位置情報から前記植物の葉および茎の振動波形を求め、その振動波形から前記植物の葉および茎の共振周波数を前記解析情報として得て、継続的または断続的にその共振周波数の解析情報を出力する、請求項５または６に記載の植物の健康状態の評価装置。 The analysis unit
The vibration waveform of leaves and stems of the plant is determined from the position information, and the resonance frequency of leaves and stems of the plant is obtained as the analysis information from the vibration waveforms, and analysis information of the resonance frequency is continuously or intermittently obtained. The plant health status evaluation device according to claim 5 or 6, which outputs.
前記位置情報から前記植物の葉および茎の振動波形を求め、その振動波形における変位の最大値と最小値との合計値を前記解析情報として得て、継続的または断続的にその合計値の解析情報を出力する、請求項５または６に記載の植物の健康状態の評価装置。 The analysis unit
The vibration waveform of the leaves and stems of the plant is determined from the position information, and the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of displacement in the vibration waveform is obtained as the analysis information, and analysis of the total value is performed continuously or intermittently. The plant health status evaluation device according to claim 5, which outputs information.
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