JP6398359B2 - Mesh wireless communication system, wireless communication method, and wireless device - Google Patents
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本発明は、計測機能を有する複数の無線機から１つの集計装置（ホスト）に計測結果（計測データ）を通知するメッシュ構成の無線通信システム、無線通信方法、および、無線機に関する。 The present invention relates to a mesh-configured wireless communication system, wireless communication method, and wireless device that notify measurement results (measurement data) from a plurality of wireless devices having a measurement function to one aggregation device (host).
無線タグなど一定の時間間隔で何らかの計測結果を上位の集計装置に無線送信する無線機は、小型化、低価格化、設置の容易性などの要求により、電池で動作するようにされる場合が多い。この場合、電池による動作可能時間を極力長くするため、無線機の消費電力を低く抑える必要があり、無線出力も低い方が有利となる。低い無線出力で比較的広い範囲をカバーするため、バケツリレー式にデータを転送するメッシュ無線通信方式が利用されている。 A radio device that wirelessly transmits some measurement result to a higher-level counting device at a certain time interval such as a wireless tag may be operated by a battery due to demands such as downsizing, cost reduction, and ease of installation. Many. In this case, in order to make the operable time by the battery as long as possible, it is necessary to reduce the power consumption of the wireless device, and it is advantageous that the wireless output is also low. In order to cover a relatively wide range with low wireless output, a mesh wireless communication system that transfers data in a bucket relay system is used.
そのような状況下で低消費電力タイプのメッシュ無線通信方式として、全ての無線機が一定周期で短いビーコンを送信し、データを送信したい無線機は、送信元のビーコンに同期して送信先に接続リクエストを送信して特定の無線機とハンドシェイクを行うことでデータの送信を実行し、これを繰り返すことで、バケツリレー式にデータを転送しながら目的の無線機（例．集計装置）にデータを届けるメッシュ無線通信システムが知られている。 Under such circumstances, as a low power consumption type mesh wireless communication system, all wireless devices transmit short beacons at a fixed period, and the wireless devices that want to transmit data are synchronized with the beacon of the transmission source to the transmission destination. Data is transmitted by sending a connection request and handshaking with a specific radio, and by repeating this, data is transferred to the bucket relay type to the target radio (eg, counting device). Mesh wireless communication systems that deliver data are known.
このメッシュ無線通信システムの場合、全ての無線機は、ネットワークの構成情報を自機内に所持しており、自機より目的の無線機（例．集計装置）に距離が近い（ホップ数が少ない）無線機からのビーコンを選択することにより、効率的な転送ルートを選択するようにしている（この方式は、一般に、Ｎ×Ｎメッシュ無線通信方式などと呼ばれる）。 In the case of this mesh wireless communication system, all wireless devices have network configuration information in their own devices, and are closer to the target wireless device (eg, counting device) than their own devices (the number of hops is small). By selecting a beacon from a wireless device, an efficient transfer route is selected (this method is generally called an N × N mesh wireless communication method or the like).
上記Ｎ×Ｎメッシュ無線通信方式の亜流として、１つの集計装置で全ての無線機の計測結果を収集するタイプ（１×Ｎメッシュ無線通信方式）では、それぞれの無線機は自機内に集計装置までの距離情報（構成情報）を保持し、自機より集計装置に近い（ホップ数が少ない）無線機に対してデータを転送し、これを繰り返すことにより、最終的に集計装置までデータを届けるようにしている。 As a sub-stream of the above N × N mesh wireless communication system, in a type (1 × N mesh wireless communication system) in which the measurement results of all wireless devices are collected by one totaling device, each wireless device is connected to the totaling device in its own device. Distance information (configuration information) is stored, and data is transferred to a radio device closer to the aggregation device (has fewer hops) than the own device, and this is repeated to finally deliver the data to the aggregation device I have to.
下記に示す特許文献１には、センサ情報と、該センサ情報を検出した時刻（絶対時刻）を基幹装置（ホスト）に向けて送信する無線通信ネットワークシステムが開示されている。 Patent Document 1 shown below discloses a wireless communication network system that transmits sensor information and a time (absolute time) at which the sensor information is detected to a basic apparatus (host).
また下記に示す特許文献２には、記憶部に記憶している計測データを無線通信手段によって他の無線通信手段に送信し、次の起動タイミングまで無線通信手段を停止させるとともに、無線通信手段の起動時に、ネットワークに含まれる所定装置との間における時刻情報の同期処理を実行する制御手段を備える無線計測制御方式が開示されている。 Further, in Patent Document 2 shown below, the measurement data stored in the storage unit is transmitted to other wireless communication means by the wireless communication means, and the wireless communication means is stopped until the next activation timing. A wireless measurement control method is disclosed that includes a control unit that executes time information synchronization processing with a predetermined device included in a network at the time of startup.
上記した省電力タイプのメッシュ無線通信方式では、バケツリレー式にデータを転送するために１回のデータ転送の完了に数秒を要する場合があり、規模の大きなメッシュ無線通信方式ではバケツリレー数の増大により計測結果が集計装置に届くまでに１分程度の遅延を考慮する必要がある。また、省電力や無線の輻輳緩和のため、複数の計測結果を纏めて送信することが有効だが、この方式を採ると遅延時間が更に大きくなる。 In the above-described power-saving mesh wireless communication system, it may take several seconds to complete one data transfer in order to transfer data to the bucket relay system. In large-scale mesh wireless communication systems, the number of bucket relays increases. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a delay of about 1 minute until the measurement result reaches the counting device. In addition, it is effective to collectively transmit a plurality of measurement results in order to save power and alleviate wireless congestion. However, if this method is adopted, the delay time will be further increased.
省電力タイプのメッシュ無線通信方式で複数の無線機が計測結果を送信する際、各無線機は自機内に備わる時計（クロック）をベースに個別のタイミングで送信を開始するため、複数の送信に基づく無線パケットの衝突が発生し、通信に失敗することがある。例えば、１分に１回計測を実行して計測結果の送信を行う場合、各無線機は計測周期１分を各自のタイマにより計測するが、タイマの誤差により送信タイミングが徐々にずれていき、やがて他の無線機と送信タイミングが一致してしまう。このため、混信による送信の失敗、若しくは、無線パケットの衝突が検知された場合、送信タイミングを数秒ずらして、次の送信時には送信の失敗がないように、若しくは、無線パケットの衝突を回避する対策が必要となる。 When multiple wireless devices transmit measurement results using the power-saving mesh wireless communication method, each wireless device starts transmission at an individual timing based on the clock (clock) provided in the device itself. There may be a radio packet collision based on the result, and communication may fail. For example, when performing measurement once per minute and transmitting the measurement result, each wireless device measures a measurement cycle of 1 minute with its own timer, but the transmission timing gradually shifts due to an error in the timer, Eventually, the transmission timing will be the same as that of other wireless devices. Therefore, when transmission failure due to interference or wireless packet collision is detected, the transmission timing is shifted by a few seconds so that there is no transmission failure at the next transmission or to avoid wireless packet collision Is required.
このような対策を採った場合に各無線機の計測のタイミングもずらしてしまうと、計測間隔（サンプリング周期）が変動することになり、計測結果の解析が困難となる場合がある。 When such measures are taken, if the measurement timing of each wireless device is also shifted, the measurement interval (sampling period) will fluctuate, which may make it difficult to analyze the measurement results.
また各無線機に集計装置等の時計と時刻を合わせる機能を持たせれば、各無線機からの計測データに正確な時刻情報を付加することができるが、無線機個々に対する小型・省電力・低価格の要求からそれらの機能を各無線機に持たせることは非常に困難であり、その結果として計測データを受け取った集計装置では各無線機における正確な計測時刻を知ることができない。 In addition, if each radio has a function to synchronize the time with a clock such as a counting device, accurate time information can be added to the measurement data from each radio. It is very difficult to give each wireless device those functions due to price requirements, and as a result, the counting device that receives the measurement data cannot know the exact measurement time in each wireless device.
電力や都市ガスなどの遠隔検針で毎月１回程度の計測頻度であれば、数分の遅延はさほど問題にはならない。しかし計測頻度として数分に１回を要する計測システムであれば、正確な計測時刻を知るうえで転送にかかる遅延時間を考慮して各無線機における計測時刻を補正することが必要不可欠である。 If the measurement frequency is about once a month in remote meter readings such as electric power and city gas, a delay of several minutes is not a problem. However, in the case of a measurement system that requires a measurement frequency of once every several minutes, it is essential to correct the measurement time in each wireless device in consideration of the delay time required for transfer in order to know the accurate measurement time.
そこで本発明は、バケツリレーを行う各無線機が転送所要時間を更新し、更新計測データを受信した集計装置が演算により計測時刻を求め、又、送信失敗したら送信待ち時間を変更しそれが転送所要時間に反映されるようにしたメッシュ無線通信システム、無線通信方法、および無線機を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, according to the present invention, each wireless device that performs bucket relay updates the required transfer time, the counting device that receives the updated measurement data obtains the measurement time by calculation, and if transmission fails, the transmission waiting time is changed and transferred. An object of the present invention is to provide a mesh wireless communication system, a wireless communication method, and a wireless device that are reflected in the required time.
上記目的を達成するために本発明のメッシュ無線通信システムは、メッシュ無線通信ネットワークを構成する無線機が、低出力の無線出力で広範囲をカバーし、一定の時間間隔で所定の計測を行い、計測データを上位の集計装置まで複数の無線機をバケツリレー式にデータ転送するメッシュ無線通信システムにおいて、
上記無線機のそれぞれは、少なくとも、無線送信回路と、無線受信回路と、送受切替え回路と、アンテナと、無線機全体を制御する制御部とを備え、
無線機全体を制御する上記制御部は、
上記計測データを他無線機から受信したとき、送信バッファに格納されている他無線機の上記計測データの転送所要時間を更新して該送信バッファに格納する送信バッファ格納手段と、上記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、上記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第１の送信制御手段と、
上記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機ＩＤ及び転送所要時間を上記送信バッファに付加し、さらに上記更新された転送所要時間を含む上記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第２の送信制御手段と、上記第１の送信制御手段または上記第２の送信制御手段によりデータを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、上記転送所要時間を上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで上記第１の送信制御手段または上記第２の送信制御手段におけるデータ送信における上記転送所要時間に代えて上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第３の送信制御手段と、を備え、
上記集計装置は、
直近の無線機から上記計測データを受信したら、上記無線機それぞれにおける上記転送所要時間を基準時刻を基に減算して個々の無線機における正確な計測時点を算出する計測時点算出手段、を備えていることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the mesh wireless communication system of the present invention is configured so that the wireless devices constituting the mesh wireless communication network cover a wide area with low output wireless output, perform predetermined measurement at regular time intervals, and perform measurement. In a mesh wireless communication system that transfers data in a bucket relay manner to a higher-level aggregation device for data,
Each of the wireless devices includes at least a wireless transmission circuit, a wireless reception circuit, a transmission / reception switching circuit, an antenna, and a control unit that controls the entire wireless device ,
The control unit that controls the entire radio is
When the measurement data is received from another wireless device, a transmission buffer storage means for updating the measurement data transfer time of the other wireless device stored in the transmission buffer and storing it in the transmission buffer; and When the capacity is full, the wireless device stored in the transmission buffer, the wireless device ID, the updated transfer time, and the data of other wireless devices including the measurement data are collected and closer to the counting device than the own wireless device. First transmission control means for transmitting to
Even when the capacity of the transmission buffer is not full, when the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing, the own radio ID and the transfer required time are added to the transmission buffer, and the updated transfer required time is further set. Second transmission control means for collectively transmitting the measurement data received from the other wireless device and the other wireless device ID to the wireless device close to the counting device, and the first transmission control means or the second transmission. When data is transmitted by the control means, if the transmission fails, the predetermined waiting time until transmission after measurement is changed, and the transfer required time is updated with the changed transmission waiting time and the changed. In place of the transfer required time in the data transmission in the first transmission control means or the second transmission control means at the end timing of the transmission waiting time. Includes a third transmission control means for transmitting by adding the modified transfer duration updated by transmission waiting time was to radio close to the collection apparatus, and
The counting device is
When the measurement data is received from the latest radio device, the measurement time calculation means for subtracting the transfer required time in each of the radio devices based on a reference time to calculate an accurate measurement time point in each radio device is provided. It is characterized by being.
上記において、上記制御部は、定周期で送信されるビーコン送信時間に所要時間を加算して計測周期を超えなければビーコン送信を実行するビーコン送信／計測処理切り分け手段を備えることを特徴とする。 In the above, the control unit includes a beacon transmission / measurement process separation unit that adds a required time to a beacon transmission time transmitted at a fixed period and performs a beacon transmission unless the measurement period is exceeded.
また上記において、上記制御部は、個別に設定された送信タイミング待ち時間及び送信に失敗した場合に上記第１の送信タイミング待ち時間と異なる個別に設定した第２の送信タイミング待ち時間を経て計測を実行する送信タイミング待ち時間設定手段を備えることを特徴とする。 Also, in the above, the control unit performs measurement through a separately set transmission timing waiting time and a second transmission timing waiting time that is set differently from the first transmission timing waiting time when transmission fails. The transmission timing waiting time setting means to perform is provided.
また本発明の無線通信機は、メッシュ無線通信ネットワークを構成する無線機が、低出力の無線出力で広範囲をカバーし、一定の時間間隔で所定の計測を行い、計測データを上位の集計装置まで複数の無線機をバケツリレー式にデータ転送するメッシュ無線通信システムにおける無線機であって、
上記無線機のそれぞれは、
少なくとも、無線送信回路と、無線受信回路と、送受切替え回路と、アンテナと、無線機全体を制御する制御部とを備え、無線機全体を制御する上記制御部は、上記計測データを他無線機から受信したとき、送信バッファに格納されている他無線機の上記計測データの転送所要時間を更新して該送信バッファに格納する送信バッファ格納手段と、上記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、上記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第１の送信制御手段と、上記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機のＩＤ及び転送所要時間を上記送信バッファに付加し、さらに上記更新された転送所要時間を含む上記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第２の送信制御手段と、上記第１の送信制御手段または上記第２の送信制御手段によりデータを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、上記第１の送信制御手段または上記第２の送信制御手段における送信時に求められた上記転送所要時間を上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで上記第１の送信制御手段または上記第２の送信制御手段におけるデータ送信における上記転送所要時間に代えて上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第３の送信制御手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
In addition, the wireless communication device of the present invention is configured so that the wireless devices constituting the mesh wireless communication network cover a wide range with low output wireless output, perform predetermined measurements at regular time intervals, and send measurement data to a higher-level aggregation device A wireless device in a mesh wireless communication system for transferring data to a bucket relay type of a plurality of wireless devices,
Each of the above radios
The wireless communication circuit includes at least a wireless transmission circuit, a wireless reception circuit, a transmission / reception switching circuit, an antenna, and a control unit that controls the entire wireless device, and the control unit that controls the entire wireless device transmits the measurement data to another wireless device. And when the capacity of the transmission buffer is full, the transmission buffer storage means for updating the time required to transfer the measurement data of the other radio stored in the transmission buffer and storing it in the transmission buffer. The first transmission for transmitting the data of the other wireless device including the wireless device ID, the updated transfer required time, and the measurement data stored in the transmission buffer to the wireless device closer to the counting device than the own wireless device. Even when the capacity of the control unit and the transmission buffer is not full, when the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing, the ID of the own radio and the transfer time are transmitted. A second transmission control unit that adds the measurement data received from the other wireless device including the updated transfer time and the other wireless device ID to the wireless device close to the counting device; When the data is transmitted by the first transmission control unit or the second transmission control unit, if the transmission fails, the predetermined waiting time until transmission after measurement is changed, and the first transmission is performed. The transfer required time obtained at the time of transmission in the control means or the second transmission control means is updated with the changed transmission waiting time, and the first transmission control means is updated at the end timing of the changed transmission waiting time. Alternatively, the transfer required time updated by the changed transmission waiting time is added instead of the transfer required time in the data transmission in the second transmission control means. Characterized in that it comprises a third transmission control means for transmitting to the radio close to the collection apparatus and.
また本発明のメッシュ無線通信方法は、メッシュ無線通信ネットワークを構成する無線機が、低出力の無線出力で広範囲をカバーし、一定の時間間隔で所定の計測を行い、計測データを上位の集計装置まで複数の無線機をバケツリレー式にデータ転送するメッシュ無線通信システムにおける無線通信方法であって、
上記無線機のそれぞれは、
上記計測データを他無線機から受信したとき、送信バッファに格納されている他無線機の上記計測データの転送所要時間を更新して該送信バッファに格納する過程、
上記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、上記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する過程、若しくは、上記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機ＩＤ及び転送所要時間を上記送信バッファに付加し、さらに上記更新された転送所要時間を含む上記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する過程、
上記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときの、又は、上記自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときの、データを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、上記転送所要時間を上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで上記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときの、又は、上記自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときの、データ送信における上記転送所要時間に代えて上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する過程、を含み、
上記集計装置は、
直近の無線機から上記計測データを受信したら、上記無線機それぞれにおける上記転送所要時間を基準時刻を基に減算して個々の無線機における正確な計測時点を算出する過程、含むことを特徴とする。
Further, the mesh wireless communication method of the present invention is such that a wireless device constituting the mesh wireless communication network covers a wide range with low output wireless output, performs predetermined measurement at regular time intervals, and collects measurement data at a higher level. A wireless communication method in a mesh wireless communication system for transferring data to a bucket relay system up to a plurality of wireless devices,
Each of the above radios
When the measurement data is received from another wireless device, a process for updating the measurement data transfer required time of the other wireless device stored in the transmission buffer and storing it in the transmission buffer;
When the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full, the data of other wireless devices including the wireless device ID, updated transfer time required, and measurement data stored in the transmission buffer are collected from the own wireless device. If the measurement data of the radio is acquired at a predetermined timing even if the transmission buffer capacity is not full, the radio ID and transfer time are added to the transmission buffer. In addition, the process of collecting the measurement data received from the other wireless device including the updated transfer required time and the other wireless device ID and transmitting the collected data to the wireless device close to the counting device,
When the transmission buffer capacity is full, or when data is transmitted when the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing, if the transmission fails, a predetermined measurement When the waiting time until transmission is changed, the transfer time is updated with the changed transmission waiting time, and the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full at the end timing of the changed transmission waiting time, or When the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing, the transfer required time updated by the changed transmission waiting time is added instead of the transfer required time in data transmission, and is close to the counting device Including the process of transmitting to the radio,
The counting device is
A step of subtracting the required transfer time in each of the radios based on a reference time when receiving the measurement data from the latest radio, and calculating an accurate measurement time in each radio. .
また本発明にかかる無線機のコンピュータに機能させるためのプログラムは、メッシュ無線通信ネットワークを構成する無線機が、低出力の無線出力で広範囲をカバーし、一定の時間間隔で所定の計測を行い、計測データを上位の集計装置まで複数の無線機をバケツリレー式にデータ転送するメッシュ無線通信システムにおける無線機であって、該無線機が、上記計測データを他無線機から受信したとき、送信バッファに格納されている他無線機の上記計測データの転送所要時間を更新して該送信バッファに格納する送信バッファ格納手段を備え、
上記無線機のコンピュータを、
上記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、上記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第１の送信制御手段、
上記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機ＩＤ及び転送所要時間を上記送信バッファに付加し、さらに上記更新された転送所要時間を含む上記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて上記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第２の送信制御手段、および、
上記第１の送信制御手段または上記第２の送信制御手段によりデータを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、上記転送所要時間を上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで上記第１の送信制御手段または上記第２の送信制御手段におけるデータ送信における上記転送所要時間に代えて上記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して送信する第３の送信制御手段、
として機能させる。
The program for causing the computer of the wireless device according to the present invention to function is such that the wireless device constituting the mesh wireless communication network covers a wide range with a low output wireless output, performs a predetermined measurement at regular time intervals, A wireless device in a mesh wireless communication system in which a plurality of wireless devices are transferred in a bucket relay manner to a higher-level aggregation device, and when the wireless device receives the measurement data from another wireless device, a transmission buffer A transmission buffer storage means for updating the time required for transferring the measurement data of the other radio device stored in the transmission buffer and storing it in the transmission buffer;
The wireless computer
When the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full, the data of other wireless devices including the wireless device ID, updated transfer time required, and measurement data stored in the transmission buffer are collected from the own wireless device. First transmission control means for transmitting to a radio device close to
Not be the capacity of the transmission buffer is full, upon acquiring the measurement data of the own radio at a predetermined timing, the own radio ID and transfer duration is added to the transmission buffer, the further the updated transfer time required Second transmission control means for collectively transmitting the measurement data received from the other wireless device and the other wireless device ID to the wireless device close to the counting device; and
When data is transmitted by the first transmission control means or the second transmission control means, if the transmission fails, a predetermined waiting time until measurement after transmission is changed, and the transfer required time is It is updated with the changed transmission waiting time and at the end timing of the changed transmission waiting time, the change is made in place of the transfer required time in the data transmission in the first transmission control means or the second transmission control means. A third transmission control means for transmitting by adding the required transfer time updated by the transmission waiting time,
To function as.
本発明によれば、基準時刻を備える上位の集計装置が、計測間隔を一定に保って無線機から送信された計測データフォーマット内に付加された、更新された転送所要時間を現在時刻から減算することにより、計測データを送信した無線機の正確な計測時刻を知ることができる。その際、計測間隔が一定に保たれているため、計測結果の解析が容易となる。 According to the present invention, the host counting device having the reference time subtracts the updated transfer time added to the measurement data format transmitted from the wireless device while keeping the measurement interval constant from the current time. Thus, it is possible to know the accurate measurement time of the wireless device that has transmitted the measurement data. At this time, since the measurement interval is kept constant, analysis of the measurement result is facilitated.
また本発明によれば、計測周期を一定に保ちながら、計測データパケットが衝突した場合には次の送信タイミングをずらすことで、計測データパケットの衝突による通信品質の低下を回避し且つ受信した計測データフォーマット内に付加された、更新された転送所要時間を集計装置が現在時刻から減算することで計測データを送信した無線機の正確な計測時刻を集計装置が知ることができる。 According to the present invention, when a measurement data packet collides while keeping the measurement cycle constant, the next transmission timing is shifted, thereby avoiding a decrease in communication quality due to measurement data packet collision and the received measurement. The totaling device can know the exact measurement time of the radio that has transmitted the measurement data by subtracting the updated transfer required time added in the data format from the current time.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の実施形態に係るメッシュ無線通信システムの構成概要を示す図である。図１において本発明の実施形態に係るメッシュ無線通信システムは、１台の集計装置１０と、無線機１ないし６とから構成されている。そして本発明の実施形態に係るメッシュ無線通信システムは、メッシュ無線通信ネットワークを構成する無線機が、一定の時間間隔（例えば６０秒周期）で所定の計測を行い、計測結果（計測データ）を上位の集計装置１０まで複数の無線機をバケツリレー方式でデータ転送して届けるもので、低出力の無線出力で広範囲の通信エリアをカバーするようにしている。なお集計装置１０は、パソコンなどを備えて構成され、集計装置１０における低消費電力化の要求は比較的低いものとする。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a mesh radio communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the mesh wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a totaling device 10 and wireless devices 1 to 6. In the mesh wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the wireless devices constituting the mesh wireless communication network perform predetermined measurement at a constant time interval (for example, a cycle of 60 seconds), and display the measurement result (measurement data) as a higher rank. A plurality of wireless devices are transferred to the totaling device 10 by the bucket relay method and delivered, and a wide communication area is covered with a low output wireless output. Note that the counting device 10 is configured to include a personal computer or the like, and the requirement for reducing power consumption in the counting device 10 is relatively low.
図１においては、一例として無線機１を計測データの発信元として無線機２、無線機５を経由して、計測データを集計装置１０に転送する場合を示しているが、当該計測データの転送に関与していない無線機３、無線機４、無線機６もメッシュ無線通信ネットワークの構成要素として示され、同じように上位の集計装置１０までバケツリレー方式で計測データを転送することができる。 In FIG. 1, as an example, the case where the measurement data is transferred to the counting device 10 via the wireless device 2 and the wireless device 5 with the wireless device 1 as the transmission source of the measurement data is shown. The wireless device 3, the wireless device 4, and the wireless device 6 that are not involved in the wireless communication network are also shown as components of the mesh wireless communication network, and similarly, measurement data can be transferred to the upper aggregation device 10 by the bucket relay method.
無線機の内部構造を図１の無線機２に簡略化して示している。すなわち、無線機２は、計測部、制御部、無線部を備えて構成される。他の無線機も同様であるがその図示を省略する。 The internal structure of the wireless device is shown in a simplified manner as a wireless device 2 in FIG. That is, the wireless device 2 includes a measurement unit, a control unit, and a wireless unit. The other radio units are the same, but illustration thereof is omitted.
計測部は、当該無線機に科せられた計測を所定の時間間隔（例えば、１分間隔）で実行し、計測結果（計測データ）を制御部に渡す。
無線部は、一定の周期（例えば５秒周期）でビーコンを送信するとともに、他の無線機から受信したデータ（計測データ）を制御部に渡す。また、無線部は、制御部から渡されたデータを集計装置１０に近い無線機を選択して送信する機能を有する。
A measurement part performs the measurement imposed on the said radio | wireless machine by a predetermined time interval (for example, 1 minute interval), and passes a measurement result (measurement data) to a control part.
The wireless unit transmits a beacon at a constant cycle (for example, a cycle of 5 seconds), and passes data (measurement data) received from another wireless device to the control unit. Further, the wireless unit has a function of selecting data transmitted from the control unit by selecting a wireless device close to the counting device 10 and transmitting the data.
制御部は、無線部から受取った計測データを蓄積し、また計測部から計測データを受取ってから所定の送信待ち時間が経過した後、それまでに蓄積された計測データと合わせて無線部に送信を依頼する。また、複数の無線機から計測データを受取り、バッファがフルになった時点で無線部に対し送信を依頼する。 The control unit accumulates the measurement data received from the radio unit, and transmits the measurement data received from the measurement unit to the radio unit together with the measurement data accumulated so far after a predetermined transmission waiting time has elapsed. Request. In addition, it receives measurement data from a plurality of wireless devices, and requests the wireless unit to transmit when the buffer becomes full.
無線機は、マイコン（マイクロコンピュータ）を内蔵しており、該マイコンは時計の機能（クロックによる処理時刻制御を含む）を持つものとし、任意の時点からの経過時間を知ることができるようにされている。ただし、集計装置１０または他の無線機との時刻合わせ機能を有していない。 The wireless device has a built-in microcomputer (microcomputer), and the microcomputer has a clock function (including processing time control by a clock) so that the elapsed time from an arbitrary time point can be known. ing. However, it does not have a time adjustment function with the counting device 10 or another wireless device.
なお無線機の詳細については図７で詳しく説明する。なお本発明の技術分野における当業者によく知られているように、各無線機の配置は固定でなく移動可能であり、図１の配置は単なる例にすぎない。集計装置１０を除く互いの配置関係は当業者に良く知られた構成情報の更新によって各無線機で把握されている。 Details of the wireless device will be described in detail with reference to FIG. As is well known to those skilled in the art of the present invention, the arrangement of each radio is not fixed, but can be moved, and the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example. The mutual arrangement relationship excluding the counting device 10 is grasped by each wireless device by updating the configuration information well known to those skilled in the art.
図２は、本発明の実施形態に係る転送所要時間の更新の様子を示す図である。また、図３は、本発明の実施形態に係る計測と送信のタイミングチャートを示す図である。図２および図３では、無線機ＩＤとして０１，０２，０５を持つ無線機が計測データを転送する様子を示している。以後では、無線機ＩＤ番号により各無線機を区別するものとする。最初に無線機０１が計測を実行し、所定の送信待ち時間経過後、計測結果（計測データ）の送信を開始する。計測データには無線機ＩＤと転送所要時間が付加されており、計測終了からの送信待ち時間と送信先の無線機０２からのビーコンを受信して計測データの送信を開始するまでの時間を足し合わせ、パケットフォーマット内の転送所要時間領域に格納して送信する。図２に示す例で無線機０１は送信待ち時間が２秒、ビーコンを受信するまでに２秒かかったものとして計０４[秒]が設定されている。無線機０２は計測データの受信時刻を記録しておき、次の送信タイミングで無線機０１の転送所要時間も更新し送信する。図２に示す例で無線機０２は受信してから１０秒後に無線機０２で計測が実行され、その４秒後に新しい計測データを追加して無線機０５に送信しているため、無線機０１の転送所要時間は１８[秒]に更新されている。同様に無線機０５では受信してから２０秒後に計測が開始され、送信待ち時間を含めて８秒後に送信が実行されたものとして、無線機０１、０２の転送所要時間が図２の上から３番目に記載されたフォーマット例に示されるように更新されて集計装置１０にデータ転送される。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing how the required transfer time is updated according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a timing chart of measurement and transmission according to the embodiment of the present invention. 2 and 3 show a state in which wireless devices having wireless device IDs 01, 02, 05 transfer measurement data. Hereinafter, each wireless device is distinguished by the wireless device ID number. First, the wireless device 01 performs measurement, and starts transmission of measurement results (measurement data) after a predetermined transmission waiting time elapses. The measurement data includes a wireless device ID and the required transfer time, and adds the transmission waiting time from the end of measurement and the time from when the beacon is received from the transmission destination wireless device 02 to the start of measurement data transmission. At the same time, the data is stored in the required transfer time area in the packet format and transmitted. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the wireless device 01 has a transmission waiting time of 2 seconds, and it takes 2 seconds to receive a beacon, so a total of 04 [seconds] is set. The wireless device 02 records the reception time of the measurement data, and updates and transmits the transfer required time of the wireless device 01 at the next transmission timing. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, since the wireless device 02 performs measurement by the wireless device 02 after 10 seconds from reception, and adds new measurement data to the wireless device 05 after 4 seconds, the wireless device 01 The required transfer time is updated to 18 [seconds]. Similarly, in the wireless device 05, measurement is started 20 seconds after reception, and transmission is performed after 8 seconds including the transmission waiting time. The data is updated and transferred to the totaling device 10 as shown in the format example described in the third.
図４は、本発明の実施形態に係る送信待ち時間の変更の様子を示す図である。図４において無線機Ａと無線機Ｂは、説明を分かりやすくするためにそれぞれのビーコン待ち時間を除いて例えば送信待ち時間Ｚ１，Ｚ２で計測と送信を実行するとしている。図示例の無線機Ｂがいま送信待ち時間Ｚ２経過の送信タイミングで送信に失敗したとすると、次の計測から無線機Ｂの送信待ち時間はＺ３に変更される。送信待ち時間Ｚ２から送信待ち時間Ｚ３への変更は、後記する図７の制御部１２の処理動作（図６の処理フローに示すステップS１１参照）によって実現されている。なお図４の無線機Ａに図示されている６０秒周期は、計測周期を表しており、本発明においてこの６０秒周期の計測タイミングはすべての無線機で変更されない。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state of changing the transmission waiting time according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, it is assumed that the wireless device A and the wireless device B perform measurement and transmission with, for example, transmission waiting times Z1 and Z2 excluding their respective beacon waiting times in order to make the explanation easy to understand. If the wireless device B in the illustrated example has failed to transmit at the transmission timing after the transmission waiting time Z2 has elapsed, the transmission waiting time of the wireless device B is changed to Z3 from the next measurement. The change from the transmission waiting time Z2 to the transmission waiting time Z3 is realized by a processing operation of the control unit 12 of FIG. 7 (see step S11 shown in the processing flow of FIG. 6) described later. Note that the 60-second period shown in the wireless device A in FIG. 4 represents the measurement cycle, and in the present invention, the measurement timing of the 60-second cycle is not changed in all the wireless devices.
送信待ち時間は、転送所要時間に加算されるため、１秒単位で調整される。また、送信待ち時間は、次の計測までに送信が実行されれば良いので、例えば０から５９秒の間でランダムに選択される。もしくは、送信した無線パケットが衝突したことによって送信失敗が起こったとしたら、相手無線機も通信に失敗していることを考え合わせると、各無線機固有に割振られている無線機番号を利用して所定の演算を実行して送信待ち時間を求めるようにしておけば、２つの無線機が同時に送信待ち時間を変更して、その後また無線パケットが衝突してしまうことを防げる。 Since the transmission waiting time is added to the required transfer time, it is adjusted in units of one second. Further, the transmission waiting time is selected at random from 0 to 59 seconds, for example, as long as transmission is performed until the next measurement. Or, if a transmission failure occurs due to a collision of transmitted wireless packets, considering that the partner wireless device has failed to communicate, the wireless device number assigned to each wireless device is used. If the transmission waiting time is obtained by executing a predetermined calculation, it is possible to prevent the two wireless devices from changing the transmission waiting time at the same time, and then the wireless packet colliding again.
図５は、本発明の実施形態に係るメッシュ無線通信システムを構成する無線機間のハンドシェイク手順を示す図である。図５において送信元無線機Ａはビーコン要求パケットを送信する。集計装置だけは常にビーコン要求待ち状態にあり、即座にビーコンを送信する。ただし、この例では、集計装置１０まで電波が直接届かないものとしているため、ビーコン要求パケットが送信されても集計装置１０はビーコンを出さない（返さない）。無線機Ａはそのまま他の無線機からのビーコン待ちを継続する。図示例では、ビーコン待ち期間を最大でも１０秒としている。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a handshake procedure between radios constituting the mesh radio communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the source wireless device A transmits a beacon request packet. Only the counting device is always in a beacon request waiting state and immediately transmits a beacon. However, in this example, since it is assumed that radio waves do not reach the counting device 10 directly, even if a beacon request packet is transmitted, the counting device 10 does not emit (return) a beacon. Radio A continues to wait for beacons from other radios. In the illustrated example, the maximum beacon waiting period is 10 seconds.
無線機Ｂは定周期（例えば、５秒周期）でビーコンを送信しており、ビーコンには無線機Ｂから集計装置１０までの距離情報が含まれている。無線機Ｂからのビーコンを受信した無線機Ａはビーコン内の距離情報と自分から集計装置１０までの距離（ホップ数）を比較して自分より無線機Ｂの方が集計装置１０に近ければ無線機Ｂ宛に接続リクエストパケットを送信する。接続リクエストを受信した無線機Ｂは計測データ受信可能であれば接続許可を返す。接続許可を受信した無線機Ａは計測データを無線機Ｂに送信し、無線機Ｂからの肯定応答があったことをもって、一連の転送処理を終了する。無線機Ａが集計装置１０からのビーコンを受信した場合も以降の処理は同じである。 The wireless device B transmits a beacon at a fixed cycle (for example, a cycle of 5 seconds), and the beacon includes distance information from the wireless device B to the counting device 10. The wireless device A that has received the beacon from the wireless device B compares the distance information in the beacon with the distance (the number of hops) from itself to the counting device 10, and if the wireless device B is closer to the counting device 10 than itself, the wireless device A is wireless. A connection request packet is transmitted to the machine B. The wireless device B that has received the connection request returns a connection permission if the measurement data can be received. Receiving the connection permission, the wireless device A transmits measurement data to the wireless device B, and when a positive response is received from the wireless device B, the series of transfer processing ends. The following processing is the same when the wireless device A receives a beacon from the counting device 10.
ここで、各無線機が送信するビーコンの周期を５秒とすれば、ビーコン待ちのタイムアウト時間は１０秒程度に設定する必要がある。複数の無線機がビーコンを出すが、平均すればビーコン受信まで２．５秒程度ビーコン待ちを継続することになるため、転送所要時間を１秒精度で求めるためにはビーコン待ち時間を考慮する必要がある。また、転送所要時間は送信先からの接続許可パケットを受信した時点で確定する。ビーコンを受信しても、集計装置１０までの距離（ホップ数）が自分より遠い無線機からのビーコンであれば、ビーコン待ちが継続される。接続リクエストを送信しても接続許可が受信できなければ、他の無線機からのビーコンを待つ。 Here, if the beacon period transmitted by each wireless device is 5 seconds, the beacon waiting time-out time needs to be set to about 10 seconds. Multiple wireless devices emit beacons, but on average, beacon waiting will continue for about 2.5 seconds until beacon reception, so beacon latency must be considered in order to determine the required transfer time with 1 second accuracy There is. The required transfer time is determined when a connection permission packet is received from the transmission destination. Even if a beacon is received, if the distance to the totaling device 10 (the number of hops) is a beacon from a radio farther from the beacon, the beacon waiting is continued. If connection permission is not received even if a connection request is transmitted, a beacon from another radio is waited for.
図６は、本発明の実施形態に係る無線機の処理フローを示す図であり、適宜図７に示される無線機の構成を参照するものとする。図７に示す制御部１２は、通常、スリープ状態（図６のステップS1）にあり、間欠動作制御部２０のタイムカウント機能からのタイムアップイベントで動作状態(アクティブ状態)に遷移する。なお制御部１２はＣＰＵ(図示せず)を含み、ＣＰＵは不図示のプログラムによって上記制御を実行する。間欠動作制御部２０は上記ＣＰＵの制御の下にタイムカウント機能を実現する。本実施形態におけるタイムアップイベントとしては、５秒及び１分の定周期イベントと、計測時に起動される送信待ちタイマイベントとがある。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the radio device according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the configuration of the radio device shown in FIG. 7 is referred to as appropriate. The control unit 12 shown in FIG. 7 is normally in the sleep state (step S1 in FIG. 6), and transitions to the operation state (active state) by a time-up event from the time count function of the intermittent operation control unit 20. The control unit 12 includes a CPU (not shown), and the CPU executes the above control by a program (not shown). The intermittent operation control unit 20 implements a time count function under the control of the CPU. As the time-up event in the present embodiment, there are a fixed-cycle event of 5 seconds and 1 minute, and a transmission wait timer event that is activated during measurement.
制御部１２が動作状態(アクティブ状態)に遷移後、まずタイムアップイベントの種別（例．上記のタイムアップイベントのいずれか）を判定（図６のステップS2）し、さらに１分経過（ステップS2：YES）であれば計測を実行（ステップS3）し、計測時刻の保存（ステップS4）、送信待ちタイマの起動（ステップS5）を行い、計測結果(計測データ)をバッファ３３に保存（ステップS6）した後、スリープ状態（ステップS1）に戻る。 After the control unit 12 transitions to the operation state (active state), first, the type of time-up event (eg, any one of the above time-up events) is determined (step S2 in FIG. 6), and one minute has passed (step S2). : YES) Measurement is executed (step S3), measurement time is saved (step S4), a transmission waiting timer is started (step S5), and the measurement result (measurement data) is saved in the buffer 33 (step S6). ) And then return to the sleep state (step S1).
図６のステップS2でNOの場合にはステップS7に進み、ステップS7において送信待ち時間が経過（ステップS7：YES）すると、送信待ちのタイムアップイベントが発生し、送信のためのビーコン待ち（ステップS8）を開始する。ビーコンを受信できれば、計測時刻または他の無線機からのデータ受信時刻からの経過時間を算出し、送信データ内の所要時間を更新（ステップS9）し、データ送信を実行（ステップS10）する。送信に失敗した場合、送信待ち時間を変更（ステップS11）する。ステップS8でビーコンが受信できずタイムアウトが発生した場合にも、送信失敗と判断して送信待ち時間を変更（ステップS11）する。 If NO in step S2 in FIG. 6, the process proceeds to step S7. When the transmission waiting time elapses in step S7 (step S7: YES), a transmission waiting time-up event occurs, and a beacon for transmission is waited (step Start S8). If the beacon can be received, the elapsed time from the measurement time or the data reception time from another wireless device is calculated, the required time in the transmission data is updated (step S9), and data transmission is executed (step S10). If transmission fails, the transmission waiting time is changed (step S11). Even when a beacon cannot be received in step S8 and a timeout occurs, it is determined that transmission has failed and the transmission waiting time is changed (step S11).
タイムアップイベントが１分経過しない場合で且つ送信待ち時間経過していなければ（ステップS2：NO且つステップS7：NO）、５秒経過イベントと判断し、ビーコンを送信（ステップS12）する。このビーコンの送信に対して接続リクエストを受信（ステップS13：YES）した場合、データ受信処理を実行（ステップS14）し、受信時刻の保存（ステップS15）とバッファへの格納（ステップS16）を順次行う。バッファフルが発生（ステップS17：YES）した場合、すぐに送信を実行するため、ビーコン待ち状態（ステップS8）に入る。この後の処理は、上記で説明したステップS8〜S11の処理を実行することになるため、その説明を省略することにする。 If the time-up event does not elapse for 1 minute and the transmission waiting time has not elapsed (step S2: NO and step S7: NO), it is determined that the event has elapsed for 5 seconds, and a beacon is transmitted (step S12). If a connection request is received for this beacon transmission (step S13: YES), data reception processing is executed (step S14), and the reception time is stored (step S15) and stored in the buffer (step S16) sequentially. Do. When a buffer full occurs (step S17: YES), a beacon wait state (step S8) is entered in order to immediately execute transmission. Since the subsequent processing is to execute the processing of steps S8 to S11 described above, the description thereof will be omitted.
図７は、本発明の実施形態に係る無線機の構成を示す詳細な機能ブロック図である。図７に示す無線機１１は、計測対象９に対する計測を定周期に実行して計測データ（計測結果）を取得する計測部１９と、無線送信回路１４および無線受信回路１５を備える無線部１３と、バッファ単位（例えば１６バイト）で計測データを制御するメモリ制御部３２及び該メモリ制御部３２の下に計測データを保持するメモリ３３並びに送受信のシーケンスを制御する送受信シーケンス制御部３５を少なくとも備える制御部１２と、から構成されている。 FIG. 7 is a detailed functional block diagram showing the configuration of the wireless device according to the embodiment of the present invention. The wireless device 11 illustrated in FIG. 7 includes a measurement unit 19 that acquires measurement data (measurement results) by performing measurement on the measurement target 9 at regular intervals, and a wireless unit 13 that includes a wireless transmission circuit 14 and a wireless reception circuit 15. A control including at least a memory control unit 32 that controls measurement data in units of buffers (for example, 16 bytes), a memory 33 that holds measurement data under the memory control unit 32, and a transmission / reception sequence control unit 35 that controls a transmission / reception sequence. Part 12.
より具体的に説明すれば、計測部１９は、タイムカウント機能を有する間欠動作制御部２０から所定時間が経過したときに出される動作指示（指示等の制御線を破線で示す）に基づき計測対象９を所定の時間間隔、例えば１分間隔、で計測を実行し、計測結果を制御部１２に渡す。制御部１２はこの計測結果をメモリ３３の所定の領域（計測データバッファ領域）に格納する。 More specifically, the measuring unit 19 is an object to be measured based on an operation instruction (a control line such as an instruction is indicated by a broken line) issued when a predetermined time has elapsed from the intermittent operation control unit 20 having a time counting function. 9 is measured at a predetermined time interval, for example, 1 minute interval, and the measurement result is passed to the control unit 12. The control unit 12 stores this measurement result in a predetermined area (measurement data buffer area) of the memory 33.
無線部１３は、タイムカウント機能を有する間欠動作制御部２０から制御部１２へ所定時間が経過したときに出される動作指示の下に制御部１２の送受信シーケンス制御部３５が無線送信回路１４を動作させることでビーコンを一定の周期、例えば５秒周期、で送信し、これに応じて他無線機からの計測データを無線受信回路１５で受信して制御部１２に渡す。制御部１２の送受信シーケンス制御部３５はデータ受信部３６に指示して他無線機から送られてきた計測データをメモリ３３の所定の領域（計測データバッファ領域）に格納する。 In the wireless unit 13, the transmission / reception sequence control unit 35 of the control unit 12 operates the wireless transmission circuit 14 under an operation instruction issued when a predetermined time has passed from the intermittent operation control unit 20 having a time count function to the control unit 12. As a result, the beacon is transmitted at a constant period, for example, a period of 5 seconds, and the measurement data from the other wireless device is received by the wireless reception circuit 15 in response to this and passed to the control unit 12. The transmission / reception sequence control unit 35 of the control unit 12 instructs the data reception unit 36 to store the measurement data transmitted from the other wireless device in a predetermined area (measurement data buffer area) of the memory 33.
また送受信シーケンス制御部３５は、無線受信回路１５で受信したデータをデータ受信部３６を介して受け取って解析し、その後に行う通信シーケンスを制御する。例えば、受信したデータが接続リクエストパケットであれば接続許可パケットを送信元に送信する。 The transmission / reception sequence control unit 35 receives and analyzes the data received by the wireless reception circuit 15 via the data reception unit 36, and controls a communication sequence performed thereafter. For example, if the received data is a connection request packet, a connection permission packet is transmitted to the transmission source.
また無線部１３は、メモリ３３内に保持されている構成情報（図示せず）を制御部１２が参照して自無線機より集計装置１０に近い（ホップ数の少ない）無線機を選択して、メモリ３３の所定の領域に格納されている計測データを、データ送信部３４、無線送信回路１４を介して上記で選択した無線機にデータ転送する（バケツリレー式でデータ転送する構成に相当）。 In addition, the wireless unit 13 refers to the configuration information (not shown) held in the memory 33 and the control unit 12 selects a wireless device that is closer to the counting device 10 (has fewer hops) than its own wireless device. Then, the measurement data stored in a predetermined area of the memory 33 is transferred to the above-selected wireless device via the data transmission unit 34 and the wireless transmission circuit 14 (corresponding to a configuration in which data is transferred by the bucket relay method). .
制御部１２は、ＣＰＵ(図示せず)を含み、ＣＰＵの制御の下に、無線部１３の無線受信回路１５で受信された計測データをデータ受信部３６を介してメモリ３３の所定の領域に格納するとともに、計測部１９から所定の周期で得られる自無線機における計測データを受け取ったとき、受け取った計測データとそれまでにメモリ３３の所定の領域に蓄積された他無線機の計測データとを纏めてして送信できるようにメモリ制御部３２を通じてバッファを編集した後でデータ送信部３４に渡し、データ送信部３４では渡された計測データを送受信シーケンス制御部３５の指示の下に無線部１３の無線送信回路１４に送り、無線送信回路１４から他無線機の計測データと共に自無線機の計測データを送信する。 The control unit 12 includes a CPU (not shown), and under the control of the CPU, the measurement data received by the wireless reception circuit 15 of the wireless unit 13 is transferred to a predetermined area of the memory 33 via the data reception unit 36. When storing the measurement data in the own radio device obtained at a predetermined cycle from the measurement unit 19, the received measurement data and the measurement data of the other radio device accumulated in the predetermined area of the memory 33 until then are received. After the buffer is edited through the memory control unit 32 so as to be transmitted together, the data is transmitted to the data transmission unit 34. The data transmission unit 34 transmits the measurement data passed under the direction of the transmission / reception sequence control unit 35 to the wireless unit. The wireless transmission circuit 14 transmits the measurement data of the own wireless device together with the measurement data of the other wireless device.
また制御部１２は、複数の無線機から計測データを受け取ってメモリ３３の所定の領域に蓄積していた計測データを纏めて送信可能にするためにメモリ制御部３２を通じてバッファを編集するが所定のバッファ容量（例えば８バッファ単位）を超えるか否かをメモリ制御部３２で検出し、バッファ容量満杯（以下、単に“バッファフル”という）になった時点でメモリ３３からデータ送信部３４にバッファフルになった計測データを渡し、データ送信部３４では渡された計測データを送受信シーケンス制御部３５の指示の下に無線部１３の無線送信回路１４から送り、無線送信回路１４から纏めて送信する。この際、制御部１２はあらかじめ選択しておいた自無線機より集計装置１０に近い無線機にデータ送信する。なお、自無線機より集計装置１０に近い無線機を選択する構成については上述した公知のＮ×Ｎメッシュ無線通信方式で採用されているためここでの説明は省略する。 The control unit 12 receives measurement data from a plurality of wireless devices and edits the buffer through the memory control unit 32 so that the measurement data stored in a predetermined area of the memory 33 can be transmitted collectively. Whether or not the buffer capacity (for example, 8 buffer units) is exceeded is detected by the memory control unit 32, and when the buffer capacity is full (hereinafter simply referred to as “buffer full”), the buffer 33 is full from the memory 33 to the data transmission unit 34. The data transmission unit 34 sends the measurement data passed from the wireless transmission circuit 14 of the wireless unit 13 under the instruction of the transmission / reception sequence control unit 35 and transmits the measurement data collectively from the wireless transmission circuit 14. At this time, the control unit 12 transmits data to a radio device closer to the counting device 10 than the preselected radio device. In addition, since the structure which selects the radio | wireless apparatus close | similar to the totaling apparatus 10 from an own radio apparatus is employ | adopted by the well-known NxN mesh wireless communication system mentioned above, description here is abbreviate | omitted.
受信した複数の他無線機からの計測データが所定のバッファ容量を超えた場合には、メモリ３３の上記バッファ領域と異なるメモリ領域にバッファ容量を超えたバッファ単位分の計測データを一旦格納しておき、次回の送信タイミングまでに上記バッファ容量を超えたバッファ単位分の計測データをバッファ編集して送信用バッファの上位に配置して次の送信タイミングで送信できるように制御する。 When the received measurement data from a plurality of other wireless devices exceeds a predetermined buffer capacity, the measurement data for the buffer unit exceeding the buffer capacity is temporarily stored in a memory area different from the buffer area of the memory 33. Then, control is performed so that the measurement data for the buffer unit exceeding the buffer capacity is buffer-edited by the next transmission timing, arranged at the upper level of the transmission buffer, and transmitted at the next transmission timing.
間欠動作制御部２０は、タイムカウント機能を備えており、制御部１２から計時すべき内容についての計時指示が随時与えられて計時が開始され、計時開始から例えばビーコンが受信された時点で制御部１２から間欠動作制御部２０に計数停止を指示してそれまでに計数した経過時間、または、計測データを受信してから自無線機の計測開始に至った時点で制御部１２から間欠動作制御部２０に計数停止を指示して、それまでに計数した経過時間を制御部１２や計測部１９に通知する。なお、他無線機から計測データを受信した時刻は制御部１２に内蔵されるマイコンによりタイムスタンプを行うことになる。 The intermittent operation control unit 20 has a time count function, and the control unit 12 receives a time measurement instruction about the content to be timed at any time to start time measurement. For example, when the beacon is received from the time measurement start, the control unit 12 from the control unit 12 to the intermittent operation control unit 20 at the time when the intermittent operation control unit 20 is instructed to stop counting, or the measurement time of the radio apparatus has been started after receiving the measurement data. 20 is instructed to stop counting, and the control unit 12 and the measurement unit 19 are notified of the elapsed time counted so far. The time when the measurement data is received from the other wireless device is time stamped by a microcomputer built in the control unit 12.
１〜６ 無線機
９ 計測対象
１０ 集計装置
１１ 無線機
１２ 制御部
１３ 無線部
１４ 無線送信回路
１５ 無線受信回路
１６ 切り替え部
１７ アンテナ
１８ 直流電源
１９ 計測部
２０ 間欠動作制御部(タイムカウント機能)
３２ メモリ制御部
３３ メモリ
３４ データ送信部
３５ 送受信シーケンス制御部
３６ データ受信部
1 to 6 Radio 9 Measurement object 10 Aggregation device 11 Radio 12 Control unit 13 Radio unit 14 Radio transmission circuit 15 Radio reception circuit 16 Switching unit 17 Antenna 18 DC power supply 19 Measurement unit 20 Intermittent operation control unit (time count function)
32 Memory control unit 33 Memory 34 Data transmission unit 35 Transmission / reception sequence control unit 36 Data reception unit
Claims (10)
前記無線機のそれぞれは、
少なくとも、無線送信回路と、無線受信回路と、送受切替え回路と、アンテナと、無線機全体を制御する制御部とを備え、
無線機全体を制御する前記制御部は、
前記計測データを他無線機から受信したとき、送信バッファに格納されている他無線機の前記計測データの転送所要時間を更新して該送信バッファに格納する送信バッファ格納手段と、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、前記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第１の送信制御手段と、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機ＩＤ及び転送所要時間を前記送信バッファに付加し、さらに前記更新された転送所要時間を含む前記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第２の送信制御手段と、
前記第１の送信制御手段または前記第２の送信制御手段によりデータを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、前記転送所要時間を前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで前記第１の送信制御手段または前記第２の送信制御手段におけるデータ送信における前記転送所要時間に代えて前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第３の送信制御手段と、を備え、
前記集計装置は、
直近の無線機から前記計測データを受信したら、前記無線機それぞれにおける前記転送所要時間を基準時刻を基に減算して個々の無線機における正確な計測時点を算出する計測時点算出手段、
を備えていることを特徴とするメッシュ無線通信システム。 The wireless devices that make up the mesh wireless communication network cover a wide area with low-power wireless output, perform predetermined measurements at regular time intervals, and use a bucket relay system to measure multiple wireless devices up to a higher-level counting device In a mesh wireless communication system for data transfer,
Each of the radios
At least a wireless transmission circuit, a wireless reception circuit, a transmission / reception switching circuit, an antenna, and a control unit that controls the entire wireless device ,
The control unit for controlling the whole radio is
When the measurement data is received from another wireless device, transmission buffer storage means for updating the time required for transferring the measurement data of the other wireless device stored in the transmission buffer and storing it in the transmission buffer;
When the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full, the data of other wireless devices including the wireless device ID, updated transfer required time, and measurement data stored in the transmission buffer are collected from the own wireless device to the aggregation device. First transmission control means for transmitting to a wireless device close to
Even if the capacity of the transmission buffer is not full, when the measurement data of the own radio device is acquired at a predetermined timing, the own radio device ID and the required transfer time are added to the transmission buffer, and the updated transfer time is further set. Second transmission control means for collectively transmitting the measurement data received from the other wireless device and the other wireless device ID to the wireless device close to the counting device;
When data is transmitted by the first transmission control means or the second transmission control means, if the transmission fails, a predetermined waiting time until measurement after transmission is changed, and the transfer required time is The updated transmission waiting time is updated, and at the end timing of the changed transmission waiting time, the change is made in place of the transfer required time in the data transmission in the first transmission control means or the second transmission control means. And a third transmission control means for adding the transfer required time updated by the transmission waiting time and transmitting to the radio close to the counting device,
The counting device is
When receiving the measurement data from the most recent radio device, a measurement time point calculation means for subtracting the transfer required time in each of the radio devices based on a reference time to calculate an accurate measurement time point in each radio device,
The mesh radio | wireless communications system characterized by the above-mentioned.
前記無線機のそれぞれは、
少なくとも、無線送信回路と、無線受信回路と、送受切替え回路と、アンテナと、無線機全体を制御する制御部とを備え、
無線機全体を制御する前記制御部は、
前記計測データを他無線機から受信したとき、送信バッファに格納されている他無線機の前記計測データの転送所要時間を更新して該送信バッファに格納する送信バッファ格納手段と、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、前記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第１の送信制御手段と、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機のＩＤ及び転送所要時間を前記送信バッファに付加し、さらに前記更新された転送所要時間を含む前記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第２の送信制御手段と、
前記第１の送信制御手段または前記第２の送信制御手段によりデータを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、前記第１の送信制御手段または前記第２の送信制御手段における送信時に求められた前記転送所要時間を前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで前記第１の送信制御手段または前記第２の送信制御手段におけるデータ送信における前記転送所要時間に代えて前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第３の送信制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とすることを特徴とする無線機。 The wireless devices that make up the mesh wireless communication network cover a wide area with low-power wireless output, perform predetermined measurements at regular time intervals, and use a bucket relay system to measure multiple wireless devices up to a higher-level counting device A wireless device in a mesh wireless communication system for transferring data,
Each of the radios
At least a wireless transmission circuit, a wireless reception circuit, a transmission / reception switching circuit, an antenna, and a control unit that controls the entire wireless device ,
The control unit for controlling the whole radio is
When the measurement data is received from another wireless device, transmission buffer storage means for updating the time required for transferring the measurement data of the other wireless device stored in the transmission buffer and storing it in the transmission buffer;
When the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full, the data of other wireless devices including the wireless device ID, updated transfer required time, and measurement data stored in the transmission buffer are collected from the own wireless device to the aggregation device. First transmission control means for transmitting to a wireless device close to
Even if the capacity of the transmission buffer is not full, when the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing, the ID of the own radio and the transfer time are added to the transmission buffer, and the updated transfer time is further added. Second transmission control means for collectively transmitting the measurement data received from the other wireless device including the other wireless device ID to the wireless device close to the counting device;
When data is transmitted by the first transmission control unit or the second transmission control unit, if the transmission fails, a predetermined waiting time until transmission after measurement is changed, and the first transmission control is performed. Or the second transmission control means updates the required transfer time determined at the time of transmission with the changed transmission waiting time and at the end timing of the changed transmission waiting time, the first transmission control means or Third transmission for transmitting to a radio device close to the aggregating apparatus by adding the transfer required time updated by the changed transmission waiting time instead of the transfer required time in the data transmission in the second transmission control means. Control means;
A wireless device characterized by comprising:
前記無線機のそれぞれは、
前記計測データを他無線機から受信したとき、送信バッファに格納されている他無線機の前記計測データの転送所要時間を更新して該送信バッファに格納する過程、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、前記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する過程、若しくは、前記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機ＩＤ及び転送所要時間を前記送信バッファに付加し、さらに前記更新された転送所要時間を含む前記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する過程、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときの、又は、前記自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときの、データを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、前記転送所要時間を前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで前記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときの、又は、前記自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときの、データ送信における前記転送所要時間に代えて前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する過程、を含み、
前記集計装置は、
直近の無線機から前記計測データを受信したら、前記無線機それぞれにおける前記転送所要時間を基準時刻を基に減算して個々の無線機における正確な計測時点を算出する過程、含むことを特徴とするメッシュ無線通信方法。 The wireless devices that make up the mesh wireless communication network cover a wide area with low-power wireless output, perform predetermined measurements at regular time intervals, and use a bucket relay system to measure multiple wireless devices up to a higher-level counting device A wireless communication method in a mesh wireless communication system for transferring data,
Each of the radios
When the measurement data is received from another wireless device, the process of updating the measurement data transfer required time of the other wireless device stored in the transmission buffer and storing it in the transmission buffer;
When the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full, the data of other wireless devices including the wireless device ID, updated transfer required time, and measurement data stored in the transmission buffer are collected from the own wireless device to the aggregation device. When the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing even when the transmission buffer capacity is not full, the own radio ID and the required transfer time are added to the transmission buffer. In addition, the process of transmitting the measurement data received from the other wireless device including the updated transfer time and the other wireless device ID to the wireless device close to the counting device,
When the transmission buffer capacity is full, or when data is transmitted when the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing, if the transmission fails, a predetermined measurement When the waiting time until transmission is changed, the transfer time is updated with the changed transmission waiting time, and the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full at the end timing of the changed transmission waiting time, or When the measurement data of the own radio is acquired at a predetermined timing, the transfer required time updated by the changed transmission waiting time is added instead of the transfer required time in data transmission, and is close to the counting device Including the process of transmitting to the radio,
The counting device is
A step of subtracting the required transfer time in each of the radios based on a reference time when receiving the measurement data from the latest radio, and calculating an accurate measurement time in each radio. Mesh wireless communication method.
前記無線機のコンピュータを、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯になったときには、前記送信バッファに格納された、無線機ＩＤ、更新された転送所要時間及び計測データを含む他無線機のデータを纏めて自無線機より前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第１の送信制御手段、
前記送信バッファの容量が満杯でなくとも、自無線機の計測データを所定タイミングで取得したときには、自無線機ＩＤ及び転送所要時間を前記送信バッファに付加し、さらに前記更新された転送所要時間を含む前記他無線機から受信した計測データと他無線機ＩＤとを纏めて前記集計装置に近い無線機に送信する第２の送信制御手段、および、
前記第１の送信制御手段または前記第２の送信制御手段によりデータを送信した場合に、当該送信に失敗したら予め定められている計測後送信までの待ち時間を変更し、前記転送所要時間を前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新するとともに該変更された送信待ち時間の終了タイミングで前記第１の送信制御手段または前記第２の送信制御手段におけるデータ送信における前記転送所要時間に代えて前記変更された送信待ち時間により更新された転送所要時間を付加して送信する第３の送信制御手段、
として機能させるためのプログラム。 The wireless devices that make up the mesh wireless communication network cover a wide area with low-power wireless output, perform predetermined measurements at regular time intervals, and use a bucket relay system to measure multiple wireless devices up to a higher-level counting device A wireless device in a mesh wireless communication system for transferring data, and when the wireless device receives the measurement data from another wireless device, the time required to transfer the measurement data of the other wireless device stored in a transmission buffer is determined. A transmission buffer storage means for updating and storing in the transmission buffer;
The wireless computer,
When the capacity of the transmission buffer becomes full, the data of other wireless devices including the wireless device ID, updated transfer required time, and measurement data stored in the transmission buffer are collected from the own wireless device to the aggregation device. First transmission control means for transmitting to a radio device close to
Without full capacity of the transmission buffer, when acquiring the measurement data of the own radio at a predetermined timing, the own radio ID and transfer duration is added to the transmission buffer, the further the updated transfer time required Second transmission control means for collectively transmitting the measurement data received from the other wireless device and the other wireless device ID to the wireless device close to the counting device; and
When data is transmitted by the first transmission control means or the second transmission control means, if the transmission fails, a predetermined waiting time until measurement after transmission is changed, and the transfer required time is The updated transmission waiting time is updated, and at the end timing of the changed transmission waiting time, the change is made in place of the transfer required time in the data transmission in the first transmission control means or the second transmission control means. A third transmission control means for transmitting by adding the required transfer time updated by the transmission waiting time,
Program to function as.
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