JP6296436B2 - Optical space communication system - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、空間中で光による双方向の無線通信を行う光空間通信システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an optical space communication system that performs bidirectional wireless communication using light in space.
光空間通信システムは、レンズやミラーを介して送受信装置間をレーザ光で結ぶシステムであり、電波無線と比較して伝送速度が速く秘匿性が高いという特徴を持っている。このような光空間通信システムは、光ファイバケーブルを敷設する必要がないため、山間部−山間部の通信やビル−ビルの通信を行う際に非常に有効なシステムである。 The optical space communication system is a system for connecting a transmitting / receiving device with a laser beam via a lens or a mirror, and has a feature that the transmission speed is high and the secrecy is high as compared with radio wave radio. Since such an optical space communication system does not require the installation of an optical fiber cable, it is a very effective system for communication between mountains and mountains or between buildings and buildings.
光空間通信システムに関する技術として、例えば、特許文献１に示す技術が開示されている。特許文献１に示す技術は、光受信装置２１への到達光がミラー２１１，２１３で反射されてビームスプリッタ２１５，２１６を貫通するようにモータ２１２，２１４の回転角が調整されているとき、ＰＤ２１７の鏡像をＰＤ’（＝ＰＳＤ１）、ＰＳＤ２１９の鏡像をＰＳＤ２’とするとき、ＰＳＤ１とＰＳＤ２’が重ならないように配置し、ミラー２１３からの反射光とＰＤ２１７の受光像の光軸を一致させ、ＰＳＤ２１８，２１９上のレーザスポット座標を基準点として、光送受信装置１１，２１の相対位置が変化して光軸が外れたとき、ＰＳＤ２１８，２１９上のレーザスポットが基準点に戻るようにモータ１１３，１１５，２１２，２１４の回転角を計算し調整するものであり、これにより、常に光軸を一致させることを可能とするものである。また、その他の光空間通信システムに関する技術として、特許文献２ないし５に示す技術が開示されている。 As a technique related to the optical space communication system, for example, a technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is disclosed. In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the rotation angles of the motors 212 and 214 are adjusted so that the light reaching the optical receiver 21 is reflected by the mirrors 211 and 213 and penetrates the beam splitters 215 and 216, the PD 217 When the mirror image of PD ′ (= PSD1) and the mirror image of PSD219 as PSD2 ′ are arranged so that PSD1 and PSD2 ′ do not overlap with each other, the reflected light from the mirror 213 and the optical axis of the light reception image of PD217 are matched, With the laser spot coordinates on the PSDs 218 and 219 as the reference point, when the relative position of the optical transceivers 11 and 21 changes and the optical axis deviates, the motors 113 and 219 return the laser spot on the PSDs 218 and 219 to the reference point. The rotation angles 115, 212, and 214 are calculated and adjusted, thereby making it possible to always match the optical axes. It is. Moreover, the technique shown to patent document 2 thru | or 5 is disclosed as a technique regarding another optical space communication system.
長距離の光空間通信を行う場合には、例えば、システムの初期設定時に光軸の調整を非常に微細に行う必要があり、手動による作業ではとても手間が係るものとなってしまう。また、何らかの原因により光軸が通常の稼働状態における受光可能範囲を超えてずれてしまった場合には、そのずれを戻すのに手動だと非常に手間が掛かってしまう。 When long-distance optical space communication is performed, for example, it is necessary to adjust the optical axis very finely at the time of initial setting of the system, which is very troublesome in manual work. Further, when the optical axis is shifted beyond the light receiving range in the normal operating state for some reason, it is very troublesome to manually return the shift.
また、双方向の通信において光軸が通常の稼働状態における受光可能範囲を超えてずれてしまった場合に、上りと下りの双方の光軸を調整する必要があり、両装置の送信状態及び受信状態を相手側に伝送するには、対象となる相手の光信号を利用するしかないため、一旦光軸がずれてしまった後で再調整を行うのは極めて困難である。 In addition, when the optical axis is shifted beyond the receivable range in the normal operating state in two-way communication, it is necessary to adjust both the upstream and downstream optical axes. Since the state can only be transmitted to the other party by using the optical signal of the other party, it is extremely difficult to readjust after the optical axis has once shifted.
上記特許文献に記載された技術は、いずれも光軸が通常の稼働状態における受光可能範囲を超えてずれてしまった場合の処理については示されておらず、上記のような課題を解決することはできない。また、平行光を作るためにコリメータレンズ等を用いることが開示されているが、現実的には距離に応じてビーム径が広がってしまうという問題がある。 None of the techniques described in the above-mentioned patent documents describe the processing when the optical axis has shifted beyond the light receiving range in the normal operating state, and solve the above-described problems. I can't. Further, although it has been disclosed that a collimator lens or the like is used to produce parallel light, there is a problem that the beam diameter is actually increased according to the distance.
本発明は、空間中で光による双方向の無線通信を行う光空間通信システムにおいて、光軸が通常の稼働状態における受光可能範囲を超えてずれてしまった場合であっても、送受信の各装置間で光軸の再調整を行うことができる光空間通信システムを提供する。 The present invention relates to an optical space communication system that performs two-way wireless communication using light in a space, even when the optical axis is shifted beyond the light receiving range in a normal operation state, An optical space communication system that can readjust the optical axis between the two is provided.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、光により双方向の無線通信を行う光空間通信システムであって、下流側及び／又は上流側の受信手段が光信号を受信しない場合に、当該受信手段への信号の射出態様を変化させながら光信号を送信する第１送信手段と、前記第１送信手段から送信された前記光信号を検出する第２受信手段と、検出された前記光信号の情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を生成する制御信号生成手段と、生成された前記制御信号を第１受信手段に送信する第２送信手段とを備えるものである。 The optical space communication system according to the present invention is an optical space communication system that performs two-way wireless communication using light, and when the downstream and / or upstream receiving means does not receive an optical signal, to the receiving means The first transmission means for transmitting the optical signal while changing the emission mode of the signal, the second reception means for detecting the optical signal transmitted from the first transmission means, and the information of the detected optical signal Based on the control signal generation means, a control signal generation means for generating a control signal for controlling the first transmission means, and a second transmission means for transmitting the generated control signal to the first reception means is provided.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、下流側及び／又は上流側の受信手段が光信号を受信しない場合に、当該受信手段への信号の射出態様を変化させながら光信号を送信し、送信された前記光信号を検出し、検出された前記光信号の情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を生成して送信するため、射出態様を変化させることで、受信手段が信号を受信することができるようになり、その受信できた状態に応じて第１送信手段の制御を行うことが可能となり、光軸が通常の稼働状態における受光可能範囲を超えてずれてしまった場合であっても、送受信装置間で光軸の再調整が可能になるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, when the receiving unit on the downstream side and / or the upstream side does not receive the optical signal, the optical signal is transmitted while changing the emission mode of the signal to the receiving unit. Transmitting, detecting the transmitted optical signal, and generating and transmitting a control signal for controlling the first transmitting means based on information of the detected optical signal, and changing an emission mode Thus, the receiving means can receive the signal, and the first transmitting means can be controlled according to the received state, and the optical axis is within the light receiving range in the normal operating state. Even in the case where the optical axis is deviated beyond that, the optical axis can be readjusted between the transmitting and receiving apparatuses.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第１送信手段が、前記光信号の射出態様を変化させると共に、変化した態様を示す変化情報を光信号として送信し、前記制御信号生成手段が、検出された前記変化情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を生成するものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission unit changes an emission mode of the optical signal, transmits change information indicating the changed mode as an optical signal, and the control signal generation unit detects the A control signal for controlling the first transmission means is generated based on the changed information.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第１送信手段が、前記光信号の射出態様を変化させると共に、変化した態様を示す変化情報を光信号として送信し、前記第２送信手段が、検出された前記変化情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を送信するため、射出態様が変化した光信号をその変化状態の情報と共に検出することで、第１送信手段の光軸の状態を受信側で把握することが可能となり、第１送信手段を制御するための適正な制御信号を生成することができるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission unit changes the emission mode of the optical signal, transmits change information indicating the changed mode as an optical signal, and transmits the second signal. Since the transmission means transmits a control signal for controlling the first transmission means based on the detected change information, by detecting an optical signal whose emission mode has changed together with information on the change state, It is possible to grasp the state of the optical axis of the first transmission means on the reception side, and it is possible to generate an appropriate control signal for controlling the first transmission means.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、下流側及び／又は上流側の受信手段が光信号を受信しない場合に、前記第１送信手段が前記射出態様を変化させるための予め定められたルール情報を記憶するルール情報記憶手段を備え、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記ルール情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を生成するものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, when the downstream and / or upstream receiving means does not receive an optical signal, predetermined rule information for the first transmitting means to change the emission mode is provided. Rule information storage means for storing is provided, and the control signal generation means generates a control signal for controlling the first transmission means based on the rule information.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、下流側及び／又は上流側の受信手段が光信号を受信しない場合に、前記第１送信手段が前記射出態様を変化させるための予め定められたルール情報を記憶し、ルール情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を生成するため、射出態様が変化した光信号を検出した場合に、その検出したタイミングで射出態様がどのように変化しているかをルール情報から把握することが可能となり、第１送信手段を制御するための適正な制御信号を生成することができるという効果を奏する。 Thus, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, when the downstream and / or upstream receiving means does not receive the optical signal, the first transmitting means changes in advance the emission mode. In order to store the received rule information and generate a control signal for controlling the first transmission means based on the rule information, when an optical signal whose emission mode has changed is detected, it is emitted at the detected timing. It is possible to grasp how the aspect changes from the rule information, and it is possible to generate an appropriate control signal for controlling the first transmission unit.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第１送信手段が、前記光信号のビーム径を順次変更して前記射出態様を変化させるものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission means sequentially changes the beam diameter of the optical signal to change the emission mode.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第１送信手段が前記光信号のビーム径を順次変更して前記射出態様を変化させるため、光軸がずれて受信側を見失った場合でも受光範囲を拡大することができ、光信号を検出することが可能性になるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmitting unit sequentially changes the beam diameter of the optical signal to change the emission mode. Even in this case, it is possible to expand the light receiving range and to detect an optical signal.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第１送信手段が、任意の複数の光軸角度において前記ビーム径を順次変更して前記射出態様を変化させ、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記第２受信手段が受信した複数の前記光軸角度における前記ビーム径の情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段の光軸を前記第２受信手段の方向に制御するための制御信号を生成するものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission unit sequentially changes the beam diameter at any of a plurality of optical axis angles to change the emission mode, and the control signal generation unit includes the second signal generation unit. A control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first transmission unit in the direction of the second reception unit is generated based on the information on the beam diameter at the plurality of optical axis angles received by the reception unit. .
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第１送信手段が、任意の複数の光軸角度において前記ビーム径を順次変更して前記射出態様を変化させ、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記第２受信手段が受信した複数の前記光軸角度における前記ビーム径の情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段の光軸を前記第２受信手段の方向に制御するための制御信号を生成するため、第１送信手段から見た第２受信手段の位置を演算で求めることができ、光軸の制御を正確に行うことができるという効果を奏する。 Thus, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission means changes the emission mode by sequentially changing the beam diameter at an arbitrary plurality of optical axis angles, and the control signal generation means A control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first transmission means in the direction of the second reception means based on the information on the beam diameter at the plurality of optical axis angles received by the second reception means. Therefore, the position of the second receiving unit viewed from the first transmitting unit can be obtained by calculation, and the optical axis can be controlled accurately.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第１送信手段が、前記光信号の射出方向を順次変更して前記射出態様を変化させるものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission means sequentially changes the emission direction of the optical signal to change the emission mode.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第１送信手段が前記光信号の射出方向を順次変更して前記射出態様を変化させるため、射出方向を順次変更して受光範囲を拡大することができ、光信号を検出することが可能性になるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission means sequentially changes the emission mode by changing the emission direction of the optical signal. There is an effect that the optical signal can be enlarged and an optical signal can be detected.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第１送信手段が、前記光信号の射出方向を円形に走査し、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記第２受信手段が受信した前記光信号の強度変化に基づいて、前記第１送信手段の光軸を前記第２受信手段の方向に制御するための制御信号を生成するものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmission unit scans the emission direction of the optical signal in a circle, and the control signal generation unit changes the intensity of the optical signal received by the second reception unit. Based on the above, a control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first transmitting means in the direction of the second receiving means is generated.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第１送信手段が、前記光信号の射出方向を円形に走査し、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記第２受信手段が受信した前記光信号の強度変化に基づいて、前記第１送信手段の光軸を前記第２受信手段の方向に制御するための制御信号を生成するため、第１送信手段から見た第２受信手段の位置を演算で求めることができ、光軸の制御を正確に行うことができるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the first transmitting unit scans the emission direction of the optical signal in a circle, and the control signal generating unit receives the second receiving unit. The position of the second receiving means as viewed from the first transmitting means to generate a control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first transmitting means in the direction of the second receiving means based on the intensity change of the optical signal. Can be obtained by calculation, and the optical axis can be accurately controlled.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第２受信手段が、格子状に配列された複数の受信素子を有し、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記各受信素子が検出した光強度の分布に基づいて、前記第１送信手段の光軸を前記第２受信手段の方向に制御するための制御信号を生成するものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the second receiving means has a plurality of receiving elements arranged in a lattice pattern, and the control signal generating means has a distribution of light intensity detected by each receiving element. Based on this, a control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first transmitting means in the direction of the second receiving means is generated.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第２受信手段が、格子状に配列された複数の受信素子を有し、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記各受信素子が検出した光強度の分布に基づいて、前記第１送信手段の光軸を前記第２受信手段の方向に制御するための制御信号を生成するため、光強度分布に応じた光軸角度を演算することが可能となり、第１送信手段を制御するための適正な制御信号を生成することができるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the second receiving unit has a plurality of receiving elements arranged in a lattice pattern, and the control signal generating unit detects each receiving element. In order to generate a control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first transmitting means in the direction of the second receiving means based on the light intensity distribution, an optical axis angle corresponding to the light intensity distribution may be calculated. This makes it possible to produce an appropriate control signal for controlling the first transmission means.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第１送信手段から送信される前記光信号の受光強度分布を測定する強度分布測定手段と、前記強度分布測定手段の手前に配設され、前記光信号の前記第２受信手段への光路を制御する光路制御手段とを備え、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記強度分布測定手段にて測定された前記受光強度分布におけるビーム径が最小となるように、前記第１送信手段を制御するための前記制御信号を生成するものである。 An optical space communication system according to the present invention includes an intensity distribution measuring unit for measuring a received light intensity distribution of the optical signal transmitted from the first transmitting unit, and disposed before the intensity distribution measuring unit. Optical path control means for controlling the optical path to the second receiving means, so that the control signal generating means minimizes the beam diameter in the received light intensity distribution measured by the intensity distribution measuring means. The control signal for controlling the first transmission means is generated.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第１送信手段から送信される前記光信号の受光強度分布を測定する強度分布測定手段と、前記強度分布測定手段の手前に配設され、前記光信号の前記第２受信手段への光路を制御する光路制御手段とを備え、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記強度分布測定手段にて測定された前記受光強度分布におけるビーム径が最小となるように、前記第１送信手段を制御するための前記制御信号を生成するため、受光強度分布に基づく最適なビーム径の光信号を送信することが可能となり、光信号の送信態様を適正にすることが可能になるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the intensity distribution measuring means for measuring the received light intensity distribution of the optical signal transmitted from the first transmitting means and the intensity distribution measuring means are disposed in front of the intensity distribution measuring means. And an optical path control means for controlling the optical path of the optical signal to the second receiving means, wherein the control signal generating means has a minimum beam diameter in the received light intensity distribution measured by the intensity distribution measuring means. In order to generate the control signal for controlling the first transmission means, it is possible to transmit an optical signal having an optimum beam diameter based on the received light intensity distribution, and to appropriately transmit the optical signal. There is an effect that it becomes possible.
本発明に係る光空間通信システムは、前記第２受信手段が、中央部分に前記光信号を通過する通過孔を有する第１検出部と、前記通過孔を通過した光信号を受光信号として検出する第２検出部とを備え、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記第１検出部で検出される光強度が最小となるように、前記第１送信手段を制御するための前記制御信号を生成するものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the second receiving means detects a first detection unit having a passage hole through which the optical signal passes at a central portion, and an optical signal that has passed through the passage hole as a light reception signal. A second detection unit, and the control signal generation unit generates the control signal for controlling the first transmission unit so that the light intensity detected by the first detection unit is minimized. It is.
このように、本発明に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、前記第２受信手段が、中央部分に前記光信号を通過する通過孔を有する第１検出部と、前記通過孔を通過した光信号を受光信号として検出する第２検出部とを備え、前記制御信号生成手段が、前記第１検出部で検出される光強度が最小となるように、前記第１送信手段を制御するための前記制御信号を生成するため、受光信号の強度が最大となるように送信態様を適正にすることが可能になるという効果を奏する。 As described above, in the optical space communication system according to the present invention, the second receiving means includes a first detection unit having a passage hole through which the optical signal passes in a central portion, and an optical signal that has passed through the passage hole. A second detection unit that detects the received light signal, and the control signal generation unit controls the first transmission unit so that the light intensity detected by the first detection unit is minimized. Since the signal is generated, there is an effect that the transmission mode can be made appropriate so that the intensity of the received light signal is maximized.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。また、本実施形態の全体を通して同じ要素には同じ符号を付けている。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Also, the same reference numerals are given to the same elements throughout the present embodiment.
（本発明の第１の実施形態）
本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムについて、図１ないし図８を用いて説明する。図１は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムに用いる送信装置及び受光装置の模式図である。本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムは、双方向の無線通信を行うものであり、上流側の通信装置と下流側の通信装置のそれぞれが、図１に示す送信装置と受光装置をセットで備える構成となっている。
(First embodiment of the present invention)
An optical space communication system according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting device and a light receiving device used in the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. The optical space communication system according to the present embodiment performs bidirectional wireless communication, and each of the upstream communication device and the downstream communication device includes the transmission device and the light receiving device shown in FIG. It has a configuration.
図１（Ａ）は送信装置の一例を示す模式図であり、例えば、２軸の回転鏡とそれを制御するモータとを搭載したガルバノスキャナによって、光信号発生器であるレーザダイオードから発射されたレーザを反射させて、レーザ光を照射対象に照射する。 FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a transmission device. For example, a galvano scanner equipped with a two-axis rotating mirror and a motor that controls the transmitter is emitted from a laser diode that is an optical signal generator. The laser beam is reflected and irradiated with laser light.
図１（Ｂ）は受光装置の一例を示す模式図であり、例えば、中心部分に穴を設けた４つのフォトダイオードを有する。この４つのフォトダイオードは、４つの領域に分かれており、各々の領域における光強度が電圧として出力される。つまり、光強度の分布が検出されることで、光軸のずれを演算し、光が中心部分の穴に効率よく集光するように光軸を制御する。なお、このとき、光軸の制御を行ってもよいし、受光装置側の方向を制御して集光効率を上げるようにしてもよい。中心部分の穴の後方には、光信号受信器としてのフォトダイオードを有しており、送信装置から送信されたレーザが、中心部分の穴を通って光信号として入力される。すなわち、４つのフォトダイオードで光軸のずれを検知し、光信号情報をその中心を通るレーザ光から受信する。なお、この受光装置はあくまで一例を示したものであり、以下に示す本実施形態においては、必ずしも図１（Ｂ）に示す受光装置を用いる必要はなく、１つのフォトダイオードで光信号を検出する受光装置を用いてもよい。 FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a light receiving device, and includes, for example, four photodiodes each having a hole at the center. The four photodiodes are divided into four regions, and the light intensity in each region is output as a voltage. That is, by detecting the light intensity distribution, the optical axis shift is calculated, and the optical axis is controlled so that the light is efficiently collected in the hole in the central portion. At this time, the optical axis may be controlled, or the direction on the light receiving device side may be controlled to increase the light collection efficiency. A photodiode as an optical signal receiver is provided behind the hole in the central portion, and the laser transmitted from the transmitter is input as an optical signal through the hole in the central portion. That is, the optical axis shift is detected by four photodiodes, and optical signal information is received from laser light passing through the center. Note that this light receiving device is merely an example, and in this embodiment described below, it is not always necessary to use the light receiving device shown in FIG. 1B, and an optical signal is detected by one photodiode. A light receiving device may be used.
本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムにおいては、上記による光軸の制御に加えて、受信側の位置や方向を完全に見失った場合、つまり、受光装置が送信装置からの信号を全く受信できなくなった場合における光軸の調整機能を有している。また、送信装置、受光装置の双方がそれぞれ信号を受信できなくなった場合であっても、送信側、受信側の双方の光軸を調整することで、手動による調整を行わなくても通信障害から復旧することができる機能を有している。 In the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment, in addition to the control of the optical axis as described above, when the position and direction on the receiving side are completely lost, that is, the light receiving device cannot receive any signal from the transmitting device. In this case, the optical axis is adjusted. In addition, even when both the transmitter and the light receiver are unable to receive signals, adjusting the optical axes on both the transmitter and receiver sides eliminates communication failures without manual adjustment. It has a function that can be restored.
図２は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムの機能ブロック図である。光空間通信システム１は、複数の通信装置からなり、各通信装置間で双方向の無線通信を行う。図２では、一例として、上流側の第１通信装置２１ａと下流側の第２通信装置２１ｂからなる光空間通信システム１のシステム構成を示している。 FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. The optical space communication system 1 includes a plurality of communication devices, and performs bidirectional wireless communication between the communication devices. In FIG. 2, as an example, a system configuration of the optical space communication system 1 including the first communication device 21a on the upstream side and the second communication device 21b on the downstream side is illustrated.
第１通信装置２１ａと第２通信装置２１ｂとは同じ装置構成であり、ここでは分かり易くするために、各構成要素に「第１」又は「第２」を付加している。第１通信装置２１ａにおける各構成要素について説明する。第１通信装置２１ａは、第２通信装置２１ｂから送信された光信号を受信する第１受信部２２ａと、受信した光信号に基づいて、第２通信装置２１ｂの光軸を制御するための制御信号を生成する第１制御信号生成部２３ａと、生成された制御信号を第２通信装置２１ｂに送信する第１送信部２４ａと、第１受信部２２ａが受信した第２通信装置２１ｂ側から送られてきた制御信号に基づいて、光軸の制御を行うと共に、第２通信装置２１ｂとの通信が途切れた場合に、第２通信装置２１ｂをサーチするためにレーザの射出態様を変化させる制御を行う第１制御部２５ａとを備える。第２通信装置２１ｂにおいても、第１通信装置２１ａの各構成要件と同様の機能を有する各処理部を備えている。 The first communication device 21a and the second communication device 21b have the same device configuration, and “first” or “second” is added to each component here for easy understanding. Each component in the 1st communication apparatus 21a is demonstrated. The first communication device 21a receives the optical signal transmitted from the second communication device 21b, and the control for controlling the optical axis of the second communication device 21b based on the received optical signal. The first control signal generator 23a that generates a signal, the first transmitter 24a that transmits the generated control signal to the second communication device 21b, and the second communication device 21b that is received by the first receiver 22a Based on the received control signal, the optical axis is controlled, and when communication with the second communication device 21b is interrupted, control is performed to change the laser emission mode in order to search the second communication device 21b. 1st control part 25a to perform. Also in the 2nd communication apparatus 21b, each process part which has the function similar to each component requirement of the 1st communication apparatus 21a is provided.
第２受信部２２ｂが光信号を受信しない場合、すなわち、上流側の第１通信装置２１ａが何らかの原因で傾いたり、移動したりして、第１送信部２４ａからの光信号を第２受信部２２ｂが受信できなくなった場合に、第１制御部２５ａは、第１送信部２４ａからの光信号の射出態様を変化させて、第２受信部２２ｂをサーチする。 When the second receiving unit 22b does not receive the optical signal, that is, the upstream first communication device 21a is tilted or moved for some reason, and the optical signal from the first transmitting unit 24a is transmitted to the second receiving unit. When 22b cannot be received, the 1st control part 25a changes the emission mode of the optical signal from the 1st transmission part 24a, and searches the 2nd receiving part 22b.
図３は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムにおける光信号の射出態様の変化の一例を示す図である。図３（Ａ）は、スポット光の光信号の射出方向を上下左右に走査させた場合を示し、図３（Ｂ）は、射出するレーザのスポット径を変化させた場合を示している。いずれの場合も、光の受光範囲を広げるものであり、その範囲内に第２受信部２２ｂが存在していれば、光信号を検出することができる。このとき、射出態様が変化している光信号には、その変化の状態に関する情報（以下、変化情報とする）が含まれている。 FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in the emission mode of the optical signal in the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3A shows a case where the emission direction of the optical signal of the spot light is scanned vertically and horizontally, and FIG. 3B shows a case where the spot diameter of the emitted laser is changed. In either case, the light receiving range is expanded, and the optical signal can be detected if the second receiving unit 22b exists within the range. At this time, the information regarding the state of the change (hereinafter referred to as change information) is included in the optical signal whose emission mode is changed.
図３（Ａ）の場合、射出方向を走査しながらスポット光が受光装置に当たった瞬間に、その受信強度と方向（ミラーの角度等）の情報を受光装置側で取得する。なお、複数点受信した場合は、受信強度が最大のものを選択する。また、図３（Ｂ）の場合、径の大きさを次第に拡大し、拡大した光信号が受光装置に当たった瞬間に、その受信強度と径の情報を受光装置側で取得する。なお、受光装置が図１（Ｂ）に示すような４つのフォトダイオードからなる場合は、それぞれのフォトダイオードが光信号を受信した順序に基づいて、光軸の方向をある程度求めることができる。 In the case of FIG. 3A, at the moment when the spot light hits the light receiving device while scanning the emission direction, information on the received intensity and direction (mirror angle, etc.) is acquired on the light receiving device side. When a plurality of points are received, the one with the highest reception strength is selected. In the case of FIG. 3B, the diameter is gradually enlarged, and information on the received intensity and the diameter is acquired on the light receiving device side at the moment when the enlarged optical signal hits the light receiving device. In the case where the light receiving device includes four photodiodes as shown in FIG. 1B, the direction of the optical axis can be obtained to some extent based on the order in which each photodiode receives the optical signal.
図２に戻って、第２制御信号生成部２３ｂは、第２受信部２２ｂが受信した変化情報に基づいて、第１通信装置２１ａの光軸を制御するための制御信号を生成する。すなわち、第２通信装置２１ｂは、第２受信部２２ｂが変化情報を受信できた時点における第１送信部２２ａの状態を得ることができるため、第１制御部２５ａがどのような制御を行うことで、第１送信部２４ａから送られる光信号を受信することができるか演算することができ、そのように第１送信部２４ａを制御するための制御信号を生成する。 Returning to FIG. 2, the second control signal generator 23b generates a control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first communication device 21a based on the change information received by the second receiver 22b. That is, since the second communication device 21b can obtain the state of the first transmission unit 22a at the time when the second reception unit 22b can receive the change information, what control the first control unit 25a performs. Thus, it can be calculated whether or not the optical signal transmitted from the first transmission unit 24a can be received, and the control signal for controlling the first transmission unit 24a is generated as such.
制御信号を生成する場合の処理について、より詳細に説明する。図４は、レーザ径を変化させる場合において制御信号を生成する処理を示す図である。光強度を光軸近傍に集中する場合、光軸近傍を外れると光強度は急激に低下する。つまり、光軸がずれた場合は、受光装置の最低受信感度より低い光強度しか届かないため、受光を検出できない。ビーム径を広げると受光装置に届く光強度が上昇し、最低受信感度を上回ることが期待できる。このとき、図４に示すように、光軸を中心として空間中に円錐状に広がるビームの円錐側面部分のいずれかの位置に受光装置があると推定することができる。 The process for generating the control signal will be described in more detail. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating processing for generating a control signal when the laser diameter is changed. In the case where the light intensity is concentrated in the vicinity of the optical axis, the light intensity rapidly decreases if the light intensity deviates from the vicinity. That is, when the optical axis is deviated, only the light intensity that is lower than the minimum receiving sensitivity of the light receiving device reaches, so that the received light cannot be detected. Increasing the beam diameter increases the light intensity reaching the light receiving device and can be expected to exceed the minimum receiving sensitivity. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, it can be estimated that the light receiving device is located at any position of the conical side surface portion of the beam that spreads conically in the space with the optical axis as the center.
これを複数の角度で実行する。好ましくは、３次元空間における位置を特定するために、３つの異なる角度で実行する。ビームによる複数の円錐が設定されると、それらの円錐側面の共通する交点の位置を幾何学的計算により求めて受光装置の位置を一意に決定することができる。つまり、送信装置及び受光装置の相対的な位置関係に基いて、第１送信部２２ａの光軸を第２受信部２２ｂに合わせるように第１送信部２２ａを制御するための制御信号を生成することができる。なお、このとき、送信装置と受光装置との距離及び径を拡大する際の操作量は既知の情報であるとする。 This is done at multiple angles. Preferably, it is performed at three different angles in order to identify the position in the three-dimensional space. When a plurality of cones by the beam are set, the position of the intersection of the conical side surfaces of these cones can be obtained by geometric calculation to uniquely determine the position of the light receiving device. That is, based on the relative positional relationship between the transmission device and the light receiving device, a control signal for controlling the first transmission unit 22a is generated so that the optical axis of the first transmission unit 22a is aligned with the second reception unit 22b. be able to. At this time, it is assumed that the operation amount when expanding the distance and diameter between the transmission device and the light receiving device is known information.
また、図５は、スポット光を走査させた場合において制御信号を生成する処理を示す図である。図５の場合も各通信装置間の距離と、その距離における光強度分布が予め情報として保持されているとする。ここでのレーザ光はガウシアンビームの特性を有しており、図５の場合は、上下左右の走査ではなく、円形に走査している。つまり、光軸が近い位置では受信強度が大きくなり、走査するに従ってその受信強度が順次変化し、光軸が最も遠い位置では受信強度が弱くなる。このように、走査する円の径、受信した光強度及びその変化に基づいて、予め保持されている光強度分布を参照することで、第１送信部２２ａから見た第２受信部２２ｂの光軸の相対角度を求めることができる。つまり、第２受信部２２ｂに光軸を合わせるように第１送信部２２ａを制御するための制御信号を生成することができる。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing processing for generating a control signal when spot light is scanned. Also in the case of FIG. 5, it is assumed that the distance between the communication devices and the light intensity distribution at the distance are stored in advance as information. The laser light here has the characteristics of a Gaussian beam, and in the case of FIG. That is, the reception intensity increases at a position near the optical axis, the reception intensity sequentially changes as scanning is performed, and the reception intensity decreases at a position farthest from the optical axis. In this way, the light of the second receiving unit 22b viewed from the first transmitting unit 22a by referring to the light intensity distribution held in advance based on the diameter of the circle to be scanned, the received light intensity, and the change thereof. The relative angle of the axis can be determined. That is, it is possible to generate a control signal for controlling the first transmitter 22a so as to align the optical axis with the second receiver 22b.
さらに、図６は、光信号の強度勾配から光軸を求めて制御信号を生成する処理を示す図である。図６に示すように、第１送信部２２ａから送信された光信号を、第２受信部２２ｂが、格子状に配列された複数の素子で面的に受信することで、受信している光信号の強度勾配を求め、その強度勾配を最急傾斜で登る方向に強度のピーク、すなわちレーザ光の光軸があることが推定される。レーザ光軸をこの傾斜とは逆方向に移動するよう第１送信部２２ａを制御することにより効率的にレーザ光を第２受信部２２ｂに導くことができる。 Further, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a process of generating a control signal by obtaining an optical axis from the intensity gradient of the optical signal. As shown in FIG. 6, the optical signal transmitted from the first transmission unit 22 a is received by the second reception unit 22 b by a plurality of elements arranged in a lattice pattern so as to receive light. The intensity gradient of the signal is obtained, and it is estimated that there is an intensity peak, that is, the optical axis of the laser beam, in the direction of climbing the intensity gradient with the steepest inclination. The laser beam can be efficiently guided to the second receiver 22b by controlling the first transmitter 22a so that the laser optical axis moves in the direction opposite to the inclination.
なお、図６においては、複数の素子を格子状に配列して光信号の強度勾配を求めているが、図７に示すように、少なくとも３つの素子で光信号を受信することで、以下の方法により制御信号を生成することができる。ここでは、光信号がガウシアンビームであるとする。ガウシアンビームの光軸をｚ軸とすると、ｘ−ｙ平面上の点（ｘ，ｙ）での光強度は次式で与えられる。 In FIG. 6, the intensity gradient of the optical signal is obtained by arranging a plurality of elements in a lattice pattern. However, as shown in FIG. 7, by receiving the optical signal with at least three elements, A control signal can be generated by the method. Here, it is assumed that the optical signal is a Gaussian beam. If the optical axis of the Gaussian beam is the z axis, the light intensity at the point (x, y) on the xy plane is given by the following equation.
ただし、Ｅ０は光軸上の光強度とする。これより次式が成立する。 However, E 0 is the light intensity on the optical axis. From this, the following equation holds.
３素子の座標（ｘ０，ｙ０）＝（ｘ−ｄｘ／２，ｙ−ｄｙ／２）、（ｘ１，ｙ０）＝（ｘ＋ｄｘ／２，ｙ−ｄｙ／２）、（ｘ０，ｙ１）＝（ｘ−ｄｘ／２，ｙ＋ｄｙ／２）に関してこれを適用して次式を得る。 The coordinates of the three elements (x 0 , y 0 ) = (x−dx / 2, y−dy / 2), (x 1 , y 0 ) = (x + dx / 2, y−dy / 2), (x 0 , Applying this with respect to y 1 ) = (x−dx / 2, y + dy / 2) yields:
２式の差を取れば If you take the difference between the two formulas
送信距離が十分大きいときは、光軸から受信部までの角度誤差は When the transmission distance is sufficiently large, the angle error from the optical axis to the receiver is
となる。ｙ方向に関しても同様にして次式を得る。 It becomes. The following equation is similarly obtained for the y direction.
以上により、光軸をθｘ，θｙだけ修正すれば受信部の中央に光軸を合わせることができる。つまり、制御信号を生成することができる。 As described above, the optical axis can be adjusted to the center of the receiving unit by correcting the optical axis by θx and θy. That is, a control signal can be generated.
このように、光信号を受信したときの射出態様から光軸を求めることができ、その値に応じて制御信号を生成することが可能となる。 Thus, the optical axis can be obtained from the emission mode when the optical signal is received, and the control signal can be generated according to the value.
図２に戻って、制御信号が生成された後は、仮に、第２通信装置２１ｂの第２送信部２４ｂが、第１通信装置２１ａの第１受信部２２ａに光信号を送信可能な状態（第２通信装置２１ｂ側は、第１通信装置２１ａの方向、位置を見失っていない状態）であるとすると、第２送信部２４ｂが生成した制御信号を第１受信部２２ａに送信する。第１制御部２５ａは、第１受信部２２ａが受信した制御信号に基づいて、第１送信部２４ａを制御することで、第２受信部２２ｂに光信号を正確に送信することができるようになる。 Returning to FIG. 2, after the control signal is generated, the second transmitter 24b of the second communication device 21b is in a state in which an optical signal can be transmitted to the first receiver 22a of the first communication device 21a ( If the second communication device 21b side is in a state where the direction and position of the first communication device 21a are not lost, the control signal generated by the second transmission unit 24b is transmitted to the first reception unit 22a. The first controller 25a controls the first transmitter 24a based on the control signal received by the first receiver 22a so that the optical signal can be accurately transmitted to the second receiver 22b. Become.
また、仮に、第１通信装置２１ａ側及び第２通信装置２１ｂ側の双方がそれぞれの相手を見失って一切情報のやり取りができない状態の場合であっても、基本的には上記と同様の処理をお互いの装置が実行する。つまり、それぞれの装置が射出態様を変化させながらその変化情報と共に情報を送信する。情報を受信した側の装置では、制御信号を生成し、射出態様を変化させながらその変化情報を送信するのに加え、生成した制御信号も含めて相手側に送信する。そして、制御信号を受信した側は、その制御信号に基づいて送信装置の光軸を制御すると共に、制御信号と同時に受信した相手側の変化情報に基づいて、相手側の送信装置を制御するための制御信号を生成し送信する。こうすることで、相互に相手先の方向や位置を特定して、双方向通信が可能になる。 Even if both the first communication device 21a side and the second communication device 21b side lose their respective counterparts and cannot exchange any information, basically the same processing as described above is performed. Each device performs. That is, each device transmits information together with the change information while changing the injection mode. The apparatus that has received the information generates a control signal, transmits the change information while changing the injection mode, and transmits the change information including the generated control signal to the other party. The side that received the control signal controls the optical axis of the transmission device based on the control signal, and controls the transmission device on the other side based on the change information of the other side received simultaneously with the control signal. The control signal is generated and transmitted. By doing so, it becomes possible to perform bidirectional communication by mutually specifying the direction and position of the other party.
次に、光空間通信システム１の動作について説明する。図８は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムの動作を示すフローチャートである。通信障害等により双方向通信ができない状態となった場合に、第１制御部２５ａの制御により、第１送信部２４ａが信号の射出態様を変化させながらその変化情報を含めて光信号の送信を行う（Ｓ８１）。第２受信部２２ｂが、第１送信部２４ａから送信された光信号を受信する（Ｓ８２）。第２制御信号生成部２３ｂが、第２受信部２２ｂで受信した変化情報（走査した場合の光軸の方向や角度等の情報、径を変化した場合の径の大きさの情報等）に基づいて、第１通信装置２１ａの状態を演算し（Ｓ８３）、第１送信部２４ａから送信される光信号を第２受信部２２ｂが適正に受信できるように、第１制御部２５ａが第１送信部２４ａを制御するための制御信号生成する（Ｓ８４）。第２送信部２４ｂが、生成された制御信号を第１受信部２２ａに送信する（Ｓ８５）。第１制御部２５ａが、第１受信部２２ａで受信した制御信号に基づいて第１送信部２４ａを制御する（Ｓ８６）。 Next, the operation of the optical space communication system 1 will be described. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. When a state in which bidirectional communication cannot be performed due to a communication failure or the like, the first control unit 25a controls the first transmission unit 24a to transmit an optical signal including the change information while changing the signal emission mode. Perform (S81). The second receiver 22b receives the optical signal transmitted from the first transmitter 24a (S82). Based on the change information received by the second receiver 22b by the second control signal generator 23b (information on the direction and angle of the optical axis when scanned, information on the size of the diameter when the diameter is changed, etc.) The first controller 25a calculates the state of the first communication device 21a (S83), and the first controller 25a performs the first transmission so that the second receiver 22b can properly receive the optical signal transmitted from the first transmitter 24a. A control signal for controlling the unit 24a is generated (S84). The second transmitter 24b transmits the generated control signal to the first receiver 22a (S85). The first controller 25a controls the first transmitter 24a based on the control signal received by the first receiver 22a (S86).
なお、上述したように、第１通信装置２１ａ及び第２通信装置２１ｂの双方がお互いに相手を見失った場合は、それぞれで上記と同様の処理を行う。すなわち、相手の変化情報を受信するまでは、自分側の光信号の射出態様を変化させながらその変化情報を送信し、相手側の変化情報を受信した後は、さらに、相手側の変化情報に基づいて生成された制御信号も併せて送信する。そうすることで、双方が同時に受光し双方向通信が確立する条件が満たされなくても、各々が個別に受光する条件を見つけ、その情報をそれぞれが受光したタイミングで相手にフィードバックすることによって、相互に制御信号を受信することが可能となり、光軸の自動調整を短時間で行うことができる。 As described above, when both the first communication device 21a and the second communication device 21b lose their sight of each other, the same processing as above is performed. That is, until the change information of the other party is received, the change information is transmitted while changing the emission mode of the optical signal on the own side. A control signal generated based on this is also transmitted. By doing so, even if the conditions for both sides to receive light at the same time and establish bidirectional communication are not satisfied, by finding the conditions for each to receive light individually and feeding back the information to the other party at the timing each received light, The control signals can be received from each other, and the optical axis can be automatically adjusted in a short time.
（本発明の第２の実施形態）
本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムについて、図９及び図１０を用いて説明する。なお、本実施形態において、前記第１の実施形態と重複する説明は省略する。
(Second embodiment of the present invention)
The optical space communication system according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, in this embodiment, the description which overlaps with the said 1st Embodiment is abbreviate | omitted.
本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムは、受光装置が送信装置からの信号を全く受信できなくなった場合に行う動作の情報をルール情報として予め双方の通信装置に記憶させ、障害発生後の経時情報に応じて、そのルール情報に基づいて相手側の状態を推定し、適正な制御信号を生成するものである。 In the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment, information on the operation performed when the light receiving device cannot receive any signal from the transmitting device is stored in both communication devices in advance as rule information, and the time-lapse information after the occurrence of the failure Accordingly, the state of the other party is estimated based on the rule information, and an appropriate control signal is generated.
図９は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムの機能ブロック図である。第１の実施形態における図２の場合と異なるのは、第１ルール情報記憶部９１ａ、第２ルール情報記憶部９１ｂ、第１経時処理部９２ａ及び第２経時処理部９２ｂをさらに備えることである。また、各通信装置は、障害が発生した場合に光信号の射出態様を変化させるが、その際に、前記第１の実施形態の場合のようにその変化情報を併せて送る必要はない。つまり、障害発生後に何らかの光信号を受信したことだけが認識できればよい。 FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. A difference from the case of FIG. 2 in the first embodiment is that a first rule information storage unit 91a, a second rule information storage unit 91b, a first temporal processing unit 92a, and a second temporal processing unit 92b are further provided. . Each communication device changes the emission mode of the optical signal when a failure occurs. At that time, it is not necessary to send the change information together as in the case of the first embodiment. That is, it is only necessary to recognize that some optical signal has been received after the failure.
第１ルール情報記憶部９１ａ及び第２ルール情報記憶部９１ｂには、障害が発生して相互に送受信ができなくなった場合に、光信号の射出態様を変化させるためのルールが記憶されており、第１制御部２５ａ及び第２制御部２５ｂは、各ルール情報にしたがって射出態様を変化させて光信号を送信する。また、第１制御信号生成部２３ａ及び第２制御信号生成部２３ｂは、障害発生後に相手側から何かしらの光信号を受信した場合に、第１経時処理部９２ａ及び第２経時処理部９２ｂで計測された障害発生から何かしらの光信号を受信するまでの経過時間と、第１ルール情報記憶部９１ａ及び第２ルール情報記憶部９２ｂの内容とに基づいて、相手側の状態を演算し、相手側の光軸を適正に制御するための制御信号を生成する。 The first rule information storage unit 91a and the second rule information storage unit 91b store rules for changing the emission mode of an optical signal when a failure occurs and transmission / reception becomes impossible. The 1st control part 25a and the 2nd control part 25b change an emission mode according to each rule information, and transmit an optical signal. Also, the first control signal generation unit 23a and the second control signal generation unit 23b are measured by the first temporal processing unit 92a and the second temporal processing unit 92b when any optical signal is received from the other party after the failure occurs. The other party's state is calculated based on the elapsed time from the occurrence of the failure to receiving some optical signal and the contents of the first rule information storage unit 91a and the second rule information storage unit 92b. A control signal for appropriately controlling the optical axis is generated.
一例を挙げて具体的に説明する。第１ルール情報記憶部９１ａ及び第２ルール情報記憶部９１ｂには、同一のルール情報が記憶されており、例えば、相互に光信号の送受信ができなくなってから所定時間Ｘ秒経過後に、毎秒Ｙｃｍの速さでビーム径を大きくするというルール情報が記憶されている。第１経時処理部９２ａ及び第２経時処理部９２ｂは、相互に光信号の送受信ができなくなってから、相手側の射出態様の変化により次に何かしらの光信号を受信するまでの経過時間Ｚ秒を計測する。第１制御信号生成部２３ａ及び第２制御信号生成部２３ｂは、ビーム径＝（Ｚ−Ｘ）×Ｙにより相手側のビーム径を推定することができる。つまり、相手側からビーム径の情報を得る必要がなく、自分側で相手側のビーム径を推定演算することで、変化情報を得ることができる。変化情報が求められると、後は前記第１の実施形態の場合と同様に、その変化情報に基づいて制御信号が生成され、相手側の光軸が適正に制御される。 A specific example will be described. The same rule information is stored in the first rule information storage unit 91a and the second rule information storage unit 91b. For example, after a predetermined time of X seconds has passed since the optical signals cannot be transmitted and received, Ycm every second Rule information for increasing the beam diameter at a speed of is stored. The first elapsed time processing unit 92a and the second elapsed time processing unit 92b have elapsed time Z seconds from when the optical signals cannot be transmitted / received to each other until a certain optical signal is received next due to a change in the emission mode on the other side. Measure. The first control signal generation unit 23a and the second control signal generation unit 23b can estimate the beam diameter on the other side by beam diameter = (Z−X) × Y. That is, it is not necessary to obtain beam diameter information from the partner side, and change information can be obtained by estimating and calculating the beam diameter of the partner side on the own side. Once the change information is obtained, a control signal is generated based on the change information and the optical axis on the other side is appropriately controlled as in the case of the first embodiment.
なお、射出態様の変化として光軸を走査する場合も上記と同様の処理を行うことで、光軸を制御することができる。この場合、相互に光信号の送受信ができなくなってから所定時間Ｘ秒経過後に、毎秒Ｙｃｍの速さで光軸を走査するというルール情報が記憶されている。また併せて、走査する始点（送信装置からの相対的な位置）、方向（例えば、上方向、下方向、右方向、左方向、円形方向等）、走査態様（例えば、ある位置から折り返す、ある位置から９０度方向を変更する、右回り又は左回り等）が記憶されており、経時情報が分かりさえすれば、相手側の光軸がどの方向に何度傾いているかを推定演算することが可能となる。 Note that when the optical axis is scanned as a change in the emission mode, the optical axis can be controlled by performing the same processing as described above. In this case, rule information is stored that scans the optical axis at a speed of Ycm every second after a lapse of a predetermined time of X seconds after the optical signals cannot be transmitted and received. In addition, the scanning start point (relative position from the transmitter), direction (for example, upward direction, downward direction, right direction, left direction, circular direction, etc.), scanning mode (for example, return from a certain position) 90 degrees from the position, clockwise or counterclockwise, etc.) are stored, and if the time-dependent information is known, it is possible to estimate and calculate in what direction the optical axis of the other side is inclined. It becomes possible.
次に、光空間通信システム１の動作について説明する。図１０は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムの動作を示すフローチャートである。まず、通信障害等により双方向通信ができない状態となった場合に、第１ルール情報記憶部９１ａに記憶されたルール情報に基づいて、第１制御部２５ａが第１送信部２４ａを制御し、ルール情報に応じた射出態様で光信号の送信を行う（Ｓ１１）。第２受信部２２ｂが、第１送信部２４ａから送信された光信号を受信する（Ｓ１２）。第２経時処理部９２ｂが、相互に光信号の送受信ができなくなってから、上記の射出態様が変化した光信号を受信するまでの経過時間を計測し、第２制御信号生成部２３ｂが、計測された経過時間と、第２ルール情報記憶部９１ｂに記憶されたルール情報に基づいて、第１通信装置２１ａの状態を推定演算し（Ｓ１３）、第１送信部２４ａから送信される光信号を第２受信部２２ｂが適正に受信できるように、第１制御部２５ａが第１送信部２４ａを制御するための制御信号生成する（Ｓ１４）。第２送信部２４ｂが、生成された制御信号を第１受信部２２ａに送信する（Ｓ１５）。第１制御部２５ａが、第１受信部２２ａで受信した制御信号に基づいて第１送信部２４ａを制御する（Ｓ１６）。 Next, the operation of the optical space communication system 1 will be described. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. First, when it becomes a state where two-way communication cannot be performed due to a communication failure or the like, the first control unit 25a controls the first transmission unit 24a based on the rule information stored in the first rule information storage unit 91a, An optical signal is transmitted in an emission mode according to the rule information (S11). The second receiver 22b receives the optical signal transmitted from the first transmitter 24a (S12). The second elapsed time processing unit 92b measures the elapsed time from when it becomes impossible to transmit and receive optical signals to each other until it receives the optical signal whose emission mode has changed, and the second control signal generation unit 23b measures Based on the elapsed time and the rule information stored in the second rule information storage unit 91b, the state of the first communication device 21a is estimated and calculated (S13), and the optical signal transmitted from the first transmission unit 24a is calculated. The first control unit 25a generates a control signal for controlling the first transmission unit 24a so that the second reception unit 22b can receive properly (S14). The second transmitter 24b transmits the generated control signal to the first receiver 22a (S15). The first controller 25a controls the first transmitter 24a based on the control signal received by the first receiver 22a (S16).
なお、第１通信装置２１ａ及び第２通信装置２１ｂの双方がお互いに相手を見失った場合は、それぞれで上記と同様の処理を行う。このとき、第１の実施形態の場合と異なり、特に相手側から射出態様の変化に関する情報が送られていなくても、それぞれの装置が独自に相手側の状態を推定演算して制御信号を生成して、光軸の自動調整を行うことができる。 If both the first communication device 21a and the second communication device 21b lose sight of each other, the same processing as described above is performed. At this time, unlike the case of the first embodiment, each device independently estimates and calculates the state of the other side even if information on the change in the injection mode is not sent from the other side. Thus, automatic adjustment of the optical axis can be performed.
（その他の実施形態）
本実施形態に係る第１の光空間通信システムについて、図１１を用いて説明する。本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムは、上記各実施形態において送信装置の光軸がある程度自動調整された際に、光信号の強度を最適化するために送信装置の制御を行う。すなわち、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムは、送信される光信号の受光強度分布を測定し、当該測定された受光強度分布におけるビーム径が最小となるように送信装置を制御し、その状態で受光装置への光路を設けて受光装置に光信号を送信するものである。
(Other embodiments)
A first space optical communication system according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The optical space communication system according to the present embodiment controls the transmission device in order to optimize the intensity of the optical signal when the optical axis of the transmission device is automatically adjusted to some extent in each of the above embodiments. That is, the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment measures the received light intensity distribution of the transmitted optical signal, controls the transmitting device so that the beam diameter in the measured received light intensity distribution is minimized, and the state Thus, an optical path to the light receiving device is provided and an optical signal is transmitted to the light receiving device.
図１１は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムにおける受光強度の制御処理を示す第１の模式図である。送信装置から送信された光信号の受光強度を測定するための強度測定用受光装置が配設されており、この強度測定用受光装置は格子状に複数配設されたフォトダイオードの入力電圧に応じた受光強度分布を測定する。この測定結果に基づいて、ビーム径が最適となるように送信装置が制御される。送信装置の制御については、強度測定用受光装置側で制御信号を生成して送信装置に送ってもよいし、例えば、図１１に示すように、送信装置の制御部がアルゴリズムを用いて制御するようにしてもよい。 FIG. 11 is a first schematic diagram showing a light reception intensity control process in the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. A light receiving device for intensity measurement is provided for measuring the light reception intensity of the optical signal transmitted from the transmission device, and the light receiving device for intensity measurement corresponds to the input voltage of a plurality of photodiodes arranged in a grid pattern. Measure the received light intensity distribution. Based on the measurement result, the transmission device is controlled so that the beam diameter is optimized. As for the control of the transmission device, a control signal may be generated on the light-receiving device for intensity measurement and sent to the transmission device. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the control unit of the transmission device controls using an algorithm. You may do it.
強度測定用受光装置の手前には、送信装置から送信された光信号の光路を受光装置の方向に切り替える反射鏡が設けられており、強度測定用受光装置でビーム径が最適化されたことが確認されたら反射鏡を制御して受光装置への光信号の送信を行う。このように、ビーム径を変えながら受光強度分布を測定し、ビーム径を最適化することができるため、受光強度を上げて安定的な通信を行うことができる。 In front of the light receiving device for intensity measurement, a reflecting mirror is provided to switch the optical path of the optical signal transmitted from the transmitting device in the direction of the light receiving device, and the beam diameter is optimized by the light receiving device for intensity measurement. If confirmed, the reflecting mirror is controlled to transmit an optical signal to the light receiving device. In this way, the distribution of received light intensity can be measured while changing the beam diameter, and the beam diameter can be optimized, so that stable communication can be performed by increasing the received light intensity.
本実施形態に係る第２の光空間通信システムについて、図１２を用いて説明する。本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムは、上記第１の光空間通信システムの場合と同様に、各実施形態において送信装置の光軸がある程度自動調整された際に、光信号の強度を最適化するために送信装置の制御を行う。 A second optical space communication system according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As in the case of the first optical space communication system, the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment optimizes the intensity of the optical signal when the optical axis of the transmission apparatus is automatically adjusted to some extent in each embodiment. In order to do this, the transmitter is controlled.
図１２は、本実施形態に係る光空間通信システムにおける受光強度の制御処理を示す第２の模式図である。図１２において、受光装置は、図１（Ｂ）に示したように中央部分に光信号を通過するための通過孔を有する検出部と、通過孔を通過した光信号を受光信号として検出する光信号受信器とを備え、検出部で検出される光強度が最小となるように、送信装置が制御される。送信装置の制御については、受光装置側で制御信号を生成して送信装置に送ってもよいし、例えば、図１２に示すように、送信装置の制御部がアルゴリズムを用いて制御するようにしてもよい。光信号のエネルギー総和は、ビーム径の大きさに拠らず一定であるため、検出部で検出される光強度が最小になることで、通過孔を通過する受光信号の強度を最大にすることができる。このように、通過孔に光エネルギーを集中させることで、受光強度を上げて安定的な通信を行うことが可能となる。 FIG. 12 is a second schematic diagram showing the received light intensity control process in the optical space communication system according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 12, the light receiving device includes a detection unit having a passage hole for passing an optical signal in the central portion as shown in FIG. 1B, and light for detecting the optical signal passing through the passage hole as a light reception signal. And a signal receiver, and the transmitter is controlled so that the light intensity detected by the detector is minimized. As for the control of the transmission device, a control signal may be generated on the light receiving device side and sent to the transmission device. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the control unit of the transmission device controls using an algorithm. Also good. Since the total energy of the optical signal is constant regardless of the beam diameter, the intensity of the light-receiving signal that passes through the passage hole is maximized by minimizing the light intensity detected by the detector. Can do. In this way, by concentrating light energy in the passage hole, it is possible to increase the light reception intensity and perform stable communication.
１ 光空間通信システム
２１ａ 第１通信装置
２１ｂ 第２通信装置
２２ａ 第１受信部
２２ｂ 第２受信部
２３ａ 第１制御信号生成部
２３ｂ 第２制御信号生成部
２４ａ 第１送信部
２４ｂ 第２送信部
２５ａ 第１制御部
２５ｂ 第２制御部
５１ａ 第１ルール情報記憶部
５１ｂ 第２ルール情報記憶部
５２ａ 第１経時処理部
５２ｂ 第２経時処理部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Optical space communication system 21a 1st communication apparatus 21b 2nd communication apparatus 22a 1st receiving part 22b 2nd receiving part 23a 1st control signal generation part 23b 2nd control signal generation part 24a 1st transmission part 24b 2nd transmission part 25a First control unit 25b Second control unit 51a First rule information storage unit 51b Second rule information storage unit 52a First temporal processing unit 52b Second temporal processing unit
Claims (5)
第１通信装置が、
第２通信装置に光信号を送信する第１送信手段と、
第１通信装置及び第２通信装置間の通信ができない状態となった場合に、前記第１送信手段を制御するためのルールが記憶された第１ルール情報記憶手段と、
第１通信装置及び第２通信装置間の通信ができない状態となった場合に、前記ルール情報に基づいて、前記第１送信手段が送信する光信号の射出態様を変化させる制御を行うと共に、第２通信装置から送信される制御信号に基づいて、第１送信手段を制御する第１制御手段とを備え、
第２通信装置が、
前記第１送信手段が送信した前記射出態様を変化させた光信号を受信する第２受信手段と、
前記第１ルール情報記憶手段に記憶されたルールと同様のルール情報が記憶された第２ルール情報記憶手段と、
前記第２受信手段が受信した前記光信号、及び前記第２ルール情報記憶手段に記憶されたルール情報に基づいて、第１送信手段からの光信号が第２受信手段にて適正に受信できるように第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を生成する第２制御信号生成手段と、
生成された前記制御信号を第１通信装置に送信する第２送信手段とを備えることを特徴とする光空間通信システム。 An optical space communication system that performs bidirectional wireless communication with light between a first communication device and a second communication device ,
The first communication device is
First transmission means for transmitting an optical signal to the second communication device ;
A first rule information storage unit storing a rule for controlling the first transmission unit when communication between the first communication device and the second communication device is disabled;
When the communication between the first communication device and the second communication device cannot be performed, the control is performed to change the emission mode of the optical signal transmitted by the first transmission unit based on the rule information. Two first control means for controlling the first transmission means based on a control signal transmitted from the communication device,
The second communication device is
Second receiving means for receiving an optical signal transmitted from the first transmitting means and having the emission mode changed;
Second rule information storage means storing rule information similar to the rules stored in the first rule information storage means;
Based on the optical signal received by the second receiving means and the rule information stored in the second rule information storage means, the optical signal from the first transmitting means can be properly received by the second receiving means. a second control signal generating means for generating a control signal for controlling the first transmission means,
An optical space communication system comprising: second transmission means for transmitting the generated control signal to a first communication device.
第１通信装置が、
第２通信装置に光信号を送信する第１送信手段と、
第１通信装置及び第２通信装置間の通信ができない状態となった場合に、前記第１送信手段が送信する光信号の射出方向を円形に走査して変化させる制御を行うと共に、第２通信装置から送信される制御信号に基づいて、第１送信手段を制御する第１制御手段とを備え、
第２通信装置が、
前記第１送信手段が送信した、前記射出方向を円形に走査して変化させた変化情報を含む前記光信号を受信する単一箇所に設けられた第２受信手段と、
受信した前記変化情報の強度変化に基づいて、第１送信手段からの光信号が第２受信手段にて適正に受信できるように第１送信手段を制御するための制御信号を生成する第２制御信号生成手段と、
生成された前記制御信号を第１通信装置に送信する第２送信手段とを備えることを特徴とする光空間通信システム。 An optical space communication system that performs bidirectional wireless communication with light between a first communication device and a second communication device,
The first communication device is
First transmission means for transmitting an optical signal to the second communication device;
When communication between the first communication device and the second communication device becomes impossible, the second transmission unit performs control to change the emission direction of the optical signal transmitted by the first transmission unit by scanning in a circle. First control means for controlling the first transmission means based on a control signal transmitted from the apparatus,
The second communication device is
Second receiving means provided at a single location for receiving the optical signal including change information transmitted by the first transmitting means and changed by scanning the emission direction in a circle ;
Second control for generating a control signal for controlling the first transmission means so that the second reception means can properly receive the optical signal from the first transmission means based on the intensity change of the received change information. Signal generating means;
An optical space communication system comprising: second transmission means for transmitting the generated control signal to a first communication device .
第１通信装置が、
第２通信装置に光信号を送信する第１送信手段と、
第１通信装置及び第２通信装置間の通信ができない状態となった場合に、前記第１送信手段が送信する光信号を光軸を中心として径方向に光強度勾配を有するガウシアンビームで出力するように制御する共に、第２通信装置から送信される制御信号に基づいて、第１送信手段を制御する第１制御手段とを備え、
第２通信装置が、
前記第１送信手段が送信した前記光信号を、光軸をｚ軸としてｘｙ平面において（ｘ０，ｙ０）＝（ｘ−ｄｘ／２，ｙ−ｄｙ／２）、（ｘ１，ｙ０）＝（ｘ＋ｄｘ／２，ｙ−ｄｙ／２）、（ｘ０，ｙ１）＝（ｘ−ｄｘ／２，ｙ＋ｄｙ／２）を座標とする少なくとも３つの素子で受信する第２受信手段と、
前記少なくとも３つの素子で受信した前記光信号に基づいて、以下の式により求められた角度（θｘ，θｙ）で前記第１送信手段の光軸を制御するための制御信号を生成する第２制御信号生成手段と、
生成された前記制御信号を第１通信装置に送信する第２送信手段とを備えることを特徴とする光空間通信システム。 An optical space communication system that performs bidirectional wireless communication with light between a first communication device and a second communication device,
The first communication device is
First transmission means for transmitting an optical signal to the second communication device;
When communication between the first communication device and the second communication device is disabled, the optical signal transmitted by the first transmission unit is output as a Gaussian beam having a light intensity gradient in the radial direction around the optical axis. And a first control means for controlling the first transmission means based on a control signal transmitted from the second communication device,
The second communication device is
The optical signal transmitted by the first transmission means is (x0, y0) = (x−dx / 2, y−dy / 2), (x1, y0) = (x + dx) on the xy plane with the optical axis as the z axis. / 2, y−dy / 2), (x0, y1) = second receiving means for receiving by at least three elements having coordinates of (x−dx / 2, y + dy / 2),
Second control for generating a control signal for controlling the optical axis of the first transmitting means at an angle (θx, θy) obtained by the following equation based on the optical signals received by the at least three elements. Signal generating means;
An optical space communication system comprising: second transmission means for transmitting the generated control signal to a first communication device .
第１送信手段から送信される前記光信号の受光強度分布を測定する強度分布測定手段と、
強度分布測定手段の手前に配設され、前記光信号の前記第２受信手段への光路を制御する光路制御手段とを備え、
第２制御信号生成手段が、前記強度分布測定手段にて測定された前記受光強度分布におけるビーム径が最小となるように、前記第１送信手段を制御するための前記制御信号を生成する光空間通信システム。 The optical space communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Intensity distribution measuring means for measuring the received light intensity distribution of the optical signal transmitted from the first transmitting means;
An optical path control unit that is disposed in front of the intensity distribution measuring unit and controls an optical path of the optical signal to the second receiving unit;
An optical space in which the second control signal generating means generates the control signal for controlling the first transmitting means so that the beam diameter in the received light intensity distribution measured by the intensity distribution measuring means is minimized. Communications system.
第２受信手段が、中央部分に前記光信号を通過する通過孔を有する第１検出部と、前記通過孔を通過した光信号を受光信号として検出する第２検出部とを備え、
第２制御信号生成手段が、前記第１検出部で検出される光強度が最小となるように、前記第１送信手段を制御するための前記制御信号を生成する光空間通信システム。
The optical space communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The second receiving means includes a first detection unit having a passage hole through which the optical signal passes in a central portion, and a second detection unit that detects the optical signal that has passed through the passage hole as a light reception signal,
An optical space communication system , wherein the second control signal generation unit generates the control signal for controlling the first transmission unit such that the light intensity detected by the first detection unit is minimized .
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