JP6157173B2 - Spectral distribution design method for LED lighting - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、ＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a spectral distribution design method for LED illumination.
従来、一般的に、光源の演色性（色みえ）の評価には演色評価数を用いている。しかし、この演色性評価方法は、基準光源に対する色みえの忠実性を表す指標で、色みえの鮮やかさや明るさを評価するには十分ではなく、ＬＥＤ光源については、基準光源との色みえの差を評価した視感評価実験との相関が十分ではないとの指摘もあった。色みえの鮮やかさは、例えば特許文献１に示されているような色域面積比によって評価することができるが、色みえの明るさについては評価できない。 Conventionally, a color rendering index is generally used for evaluating the color rendering properties (color appearance) of a light source. However, this color rendering evaluation method is an index that represents the fidelity of the color appearance with respect to the reference light source, and is not sufficient for evaluating the vividness and brightness of the color appearance. For LED light sources, the color appearance of the reference light source is not sufficient. Some pointed out that the correlation with the visual evaluation experiment that evaluated the difference was not sufficient. The vividness of the color appearance can be evaluated by a color gamut area ratio as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, but the brightness of the color appearance cannot be evaluated.
本発明では、視感評価実験の結果により忠実で、色の鮮やかさと明るさを総合的に評価できる演色評価方法を規定し、かつこの演色評価方法に基づくＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法を提供することを目的とする。 In the present invention, a color rendering evaluation method that can faithfully evaluate the vividness and brightness of a color and is more faithful to the result of the visual evaluation experiment, and a spectral distribution design method for LED illumination based on this color rendering evaluation method are provided. For the purpose.
上記目的を達成するため、青色発光素子と黄色蛍光体とによって構成される白色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤと、青緑色ＬＥＤと、緑色ＬＥＤと、赤色ＬＥＤを用い、前記白色、青色、青緑色、緑色、赤色それぞれのＬＥＤからの光を加法混色して白色光を得る方法であって、次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ４を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（１）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｗ（λ）＋ｋ１＊Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ２＊Ｐｂｇ（λ）＋ｋ３＊Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ４＊Ｐｒ（λ）・・・（１）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSのブライトネス差△Ｑ１〜△Ｑ１５、カラフルネス差△Ｍ１〜△Ｍ１５から計算した△Ｙｎ＝ａ１△Ｑｎ＋ａ２△Ｍｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつCIECAM02-UCSの色相差△ｈ１〜△ｈ１５の積和を任意の値以下とする、またはＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のCIE1976明度差ΔＬ＊、ａｂクロマ差ΔＣａｂ ＊から計算したＹｎ’＝ａ１’ΔＬ＊ｎ＋ａ２’ΔＣａｂ ＊ｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のａｂ色相角の差Δｈａｂ１〜Δｈａｂ１５の積和を任意の値以下とすることを特徴とするＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法が提供される。
In order to achieve the above object, a white LED, a blue LED, a blue-green LED, a green LED, and a red LED composed of a blue light emitting element and a yellow phosphor are used. In this method, white light is obtained by additively mixing the light from each of the red LEDs, and the spectral distribution P (λ of white light when the coefficients k1 to k4 in the following equation are arbitrarily changed within a range that does not become a negative number. ) Is represented by the following formula (1):
P (λ) = Pw (λ) + k1 * Pb (λ) + k2 * Pbg (λ) + k3 * Pg (λ) + k4 * Pr (λ) (1)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1-No. 15 is illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 15 is illuminated. 1-No. ΔYn = a 1 △ Qn + a 2 Either is the maximum and the sum of products of hue differences Δh1 to Δh15 of CIECAM02-UCS is set to an arbitrary value or less, or CIE1976 lightness difference ΔL * , ab chroma difference ΔC ab * of L * a * b * color system Any of Yn ′ = a 1 ′ ΔL * n + a 2 ′ ΔC ab * n (n = 1 to 15) calculated from the above, and the difference in the ab hue angle of the L * a * b * color system Δh ab 1 There is provided a spectral distribution design method for LED illumination, wherein the sum of products of Δh ab 15 is set to an arbitrary value or less.
上記式において、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｗ（λ）：白色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂｇ（λ）：青緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｒ（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤの分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：青色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ２：青緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ３：緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ａ１、ａ２、ａ１’、ａ２’：回帰定数
である。
In the above formula,
P (λ): White light spectral distribution to be obtained Pw (λ): White LED spectral distribution Pb (λ): Blue LED spectral distribution Pbg (λ): Blue-green LED spectral distribution Pg (λ): Green LED Spectral distribution of Pr (λ): spectral distribution of red LED λ: wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Blue LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k2: Blue-green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k4: Red LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
a 1 , a 2 , a 1 ′, a 2 ′: regression constants.
また、本発明のＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法は、青色ＬＥＤと、青緑色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤと緑色蛍光体とによって構成される緑色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤと黄色蛍光体とによって構成される黄色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤと赤色蛍光体１とによって構成される赤色ＬＥＤ１と、青色ＬＥＤと赤色蛍光体２とによって構成される赤色ＬＥＤ２を用い、前記、青色、青緑色、緑色、黄色、赤色１、赤色２それぞれのＬＥＤからの光を加法混色して白色光を得る方法であって、
次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ５を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（２）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ１＊Ｐｂｇ（λ）＋ｋ２＊Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ３＊Ｐｙ（λ）＋ｋ４＊Ｐｒ１（λ）＋ｋ５＊Ｐｒ２（λ）・・・（２）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSのブライトネス差△Ｑ１〜△Ｑ１５、カラフルネス差△Ｍ１〜△Ｍ１５から計算した△Ｙｎ＝ａ１△Ｑｎ＋ａ２△Ｍｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつCIECAM02-UCSの色相差△ｈ１〜△ｈ１５の積和を任意の値以下とする、またはＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のCIE1976明度差ΔＬ＊、ａｂクロマ差ΔＣａｂ ＊から計算したＹｎ’＝ａ１’ΔＬ＊ｎ＋ａ２’ΔＣａｂ ＊ｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のａｂ色相角の差Δｈａｂ１〜Δｈａｂ１５の積和を任意の値以下とすることを特徴とする。
The spectral distribution design method for LED illumination according to the present invention includes a blue LED, a blue-green LED, a green LED composed of a blue LED and a green phosphor, and a yellow composed of a blue LED and a yellow phosphor. Using the LED, the red LED 1 composed of the blue LED and the red phosphor 1, and the red LED 2 composed of the blue LED and the red phosphor 2, the blue, blue green, green, yellow, red 1, A method of obtaining white light by additively mixing light from each LED of red 2
When the spectral distribution P (λ) of white light when the coefficients k1 to k5 of the following equation are arbitrarily changed within a range that does not become a negative number is expressed by the following equation (2):
P (λ) = Pb (λ) + k1 * Pbg (λ) + k2 * Pg (λ) + k3 * Py (λ) + k4 * Pr1 (λ) + k5 * Pr2 (λ) (2)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1-No. 15 is illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 15 is illuminated. 1-No. ΔYn = a 1 △ Qn + a 2 Either is the maximum and the sum of products of hue differences Δh1 to Δh15 of CIECAM02-UCS is set to an arbitrary value or less, or CIE1976 lightness difference ΔL * , ab chroma difference ΔC ab * of L * a * b * color system Any of Yn ′ = a 1 ′ ΔL * n + a 2 ′ ΔC ab * n (n = 1 to 15) calculated from the above, and the difference in the ab hue angle of the L * a * b * color system Δh ab 1 The product sum of Δh ab 15 is set to an arbitrary value or less.
上記式において、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂｇ（λ）：青緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｙ（λ）：黄色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｒ１（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤ１の分光分布
Ｐｒ２（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤ２の分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：青緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ２：緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ３：黄色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色ＬＥＤ１の強度（光束比）
ｋ５：赤色ＬＥＤ２の強度（光束比）
ａ１、ａ２、ａ１’、ａ２’：回帰定数
である。
In the above formula,
P (λ): White light spectral distribution to be obtained Pb (λ): Blue LED spectral distribution Pbg (λ): Blue-green LED spectral distribution Pg (λ): Green LED spectral distribution Py (λ): Yellow LED Pr1 (λ): spectral distribution of red LED 1 Pr2 (λ): spectral distribution of red LED 2 λ: wavelength 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Blue-green LED intensity (light flux ratio)
k2: Green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Yellow LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k4: Intensity of red LED 1 (light flux ratio)
k5: Red LED 2 intensity (luminous flux ratio)
a 1 , a 2 , a 1 ′, a 2 ′: regression constants.
また、本発明のＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法は、青色ＬＥＤと、緑色蛍光体と黄色蛍光体と赤色蛍光体１と赤色蛍光体２とを混合して得られる混合蛍光体とによって構成される白色ＬＥＤを用いて白色光を得る方法であって、
次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ４を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（３）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ１＊Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ２＊Ｐｙ（λ）＋ｋ３＊Ｐｒ１（λ）＋ｋ４＊Ｐｒ２（λ）・・・（３）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSのブライトネス差△Ｑ１〜△Ｑ１５、カラフルネス差△Ｍ１〜△Ｍ１５から計算した△Ｙｎ＝ａ１△Ｑｎ＋ａ２△Ｍｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつCIECAM02-UCSの色相差△ｈ１〜△ｈ１５の積和を任意の値以下とする、またはＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のCIE1976明度差ΔＬ＊、ａｂクロマ差ΔＣａｂ ＊から計算したＹｎ’＝ａ１’ΔＬｎ＊＋ａ２’ΔＣａｂ ＊ｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のａｂ色相角の差Δｈａｂ１〜Δｈａｂ１５の積和を任意の値以下とすることを特徴とする。
Moreover, the spectral distribution design method for LED illumination according to the present invention includes a blue LED, a mixed phosphor obtained by mixing a green phosphor, a yellow phosphor, a red phosphor 1, and a red phosphor 2. A method of obtaining white light using a white LED,
When the spectral distribution P (λ) of white light when the coefficients k1 to k4 of the following equation are arbitrarily changed within a range that is not a negative number is expressed by the following equation (3):
P (λ) = Pb (λ) + k1 * Pg (λ) + k2 * Py (λ) + k3 * Pr1 (λ) + k4 * Pr2 (λ) (3)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1-No. 15 is illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 15 is illuminated. 1-No. ΔYn = a 1 △ Qn + a 2 Either is the maximum and the sum of products of hue differences Δh1 to Δh15 of CIECAM02-UCS is set to an arbitrary value or less, or CIE1976 lightness difference ΔL * , ab chroma difference ΔC ab * of L * a * b * color system Any of Yn ′ = a 1 ′ ΔLn * + a 2 ′ ΔC ab * n (n = 1 to 15) calculated from the above and the difference in the ab hue angle of the L * a * b * color system Δh ab 1 The product sum of Δh ab 15 is set to an arbitrary value or less.
上記式において、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色蛍光体の分光分布
Ｐｙ（λ）：黄色蛍光体の分光分布
Ｐｒ１（λ）：赤色蛍光体１の分光分布
Ｐｒ２（λ）：赤色蛍光体２の分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：緑色蛍光体の強度（光束比）
ｋ２：黄色蛍光体の強度（光束比）
ｋ３：赤色蛍光体１の強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色蛍光体２の強度（光束比）
ａ１、ａ２、ａ１’、ａ２’：回帰定数
である。
In the above formula,
P (λ): spectral distribution of white light to be obtained Pb (λ): spectral distribution of blue LED Pg (λ): spectral distribution of green phosphor Py (λ): spectral distribution of yellow phosphor Pr1 (λ): red Spectral distribution of phosphor 1 Pr2 (λ): Spectral distribution of red phosphor 2 λ: Wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Green phosphor intensity (light flux ratio)
k2: Intensity of yellow phosphor (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Intensity (light flux ratio) of the red phosphor 1
k4: Intensity (light flux ratio) of the red phosphor 2
a 1 , a 2 , a 1 ′, a 2 ′: regression constants.
本発明によれば、基準光源との色みえの差が小さい分光分布を得ることができる、または、ある特定の色を鮮やかでかつ明るく見せる分光分布を得ることが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a spectral distribution with a small difference in color appearance from the reference light source, or to obtain a spectral distribution that makes a specific color look bright and bright.
以下、本発明を実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments.
本発明では、視感評価により忠実なＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法を実現する。前述のように、ＬＥＤを照明用として用いたときの色の見え方（演色性）に問題点が指摘されている。すなわち、従来は、色の鮮やかさを評価する提案はなされていたが、色の鮮やかさと明るさを同時に十分に評価することは実現されていなかった。さらにＬＥＤ光源については、基準光源との色みえの差を評価した視感評価実験との相関が十分ではないとの指摘もあった。 In the present invention, a faithful LED illumination spectral distribution design method is realized by visual evaluation. As described above, problems have been pointed out in the appearance of colors (color rendering) when LEDs are used for illumination. That is, conventionally, proposals for evaluating the vividness of colors have been made, but it has not been possible to sufficiently evaluate the vividness and brightness of colors at the same time. Furthermore, it was pointed out that the LED light source does not have a sufficient correlation with the visual evaluation experiment that evaluated the difference in color appearance with the reference light source.
そこで本発明では、視感評価実験によるＬＥＤ照明下での色みえの印象評価を行い、色みえモデル（CIECAM02-UCS、Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系）による予測値を比較し、同モデルを使った、視感評価により忠実なＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計を行う。 Therefore, in the present invention, an impression evaluation of color appearance under LED lighting is performed by a visual evaluation test, and predicted values by a color appearance model (CIECAM02-UCS, L * a * b * color system) are compared, and the model is compared. Using LED, the spectral distribution design of LED lighting is performed faithfully by visual evaluation.
本発明によるＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計では、青色発光素子と黄色蛍光体とによって構成される白色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤと、青緑色ＬＥＤと、緑色ＬＥＤと、赤色ＬＥＤを用い、前記白色、青色、青緑色、緑色、赤色それぞれのＬＥＤからの光を加法混色して白色光を得る。 In the spectral distribution design of the LED illumination according to the present invention, a white LED, a blue LED, a blue-green LED, a green LED, and a red LED constituted by a blue light emitting element and a yellow phosphor are used, and the white, blue, White light is obtained by additively mixing light from each of the blue-green, green, and red LEDs.
そして、次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ４を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（１）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｗ（λ）＋ｋ１＊Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ２＊Ｐｂｇ（λ）＋ｋ３＊Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ４＊Ｐｒ（λ）・・・（１）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ，１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSの色差△Ｅ’１〜△Ｅ’１５の積和またはＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系の色差ΔＥａｂ ＊１〜ΔＥａｂ ＊１５の積和が最小となるようにする。
Then, when the spectral distribution P (λ) of white light when the coefficients k1 to k4 of the following equation are arbitrarily changed within a range that is not a negative number is expressed by the following equation (1):
P (λ) = Pw (λ) + k1 * Pb (λ) + k2 * Pbg (λ) + k3 * Pg (λ) + k4 * Pr (λ) (1)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1 to No. 15 are illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1 is illuminated. 1-No. Product sum of CIECAM02-UCS color differences ΔE′1 to ΔE′15 or L * a * b * color difference ΔE ab * 1 to ΔE ab * 15 when 15 is illuminated with reference light Is minimized.
ここで、上記式（１）おいて、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｗ（λ）：白色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂｇ（λ）：青緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｒ（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤの分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：青色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ２；青緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ３：緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
である。
Here, in the above formula (1),
P (λ): White light spectral distribution to be obtained Pw (λ): White LED spectral distribution Pb (λ): Blue LED spectral distribution Pbg (λ): Blue-green LED spectral distribution Pg (λ): Green LED Spectral distribution of Pr (λ): spectral distribution of red LED λ: wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Blue LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k2: Blue-green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k4: Red LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
It is.
また、本発明では、青色発光素子と黄色蛍光体とによって構成される白色ＬＥＤと、青色ＬＥＤと、青緑色ＬＥＤと、緑色ＬＥＤと、赤色ＬＥＤを用い、前記白色、青色、青緑色、緑色、赤色それぞれのＬＥＤからの光を加法混色して白色光を得る方法であって、
次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ４を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（１）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｗ（λ）＋ｋ１＊Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ２＊Ｐｂｇ（λ）＋ｋ３＊Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ４＊Ｐｒ（λ）・・・（１）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSのブライトネス差△Ｑ１〜△Ｑ１５、カラフルネス差△Ｍ１〜△Ｍ１５から計算した△Ｙｎ＝ａ１△Ｑｎ＋ａ２△Ｍｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつCIECAM02-UCSの色相差△ｈ１〜△ｈ１５の積和を任意の値以下、またはＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のCIE1976明度差ΔＬ＊、ａｂクロマ差ΔＣａｂ ＊から計算したＹｎ’＝ａ１’ΔＬ＊ｎ＋ａ２’ΔＣａｂ ＊ｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のａｂ色相角の差Δｈａｂ１〜Δｈａｂ１５の積和を任意の値以下とする。
In the present invention, a white LED composed of a blue light emitting element and a yellow phosphor, a blue LED, a blue green LED, a green LED, and a red LED are used, and the white, blue, blue green, green, It is a method of obtaining white light by additively mixing light from red LEDs,
When the spectral distribution P (λ) of white light when the coefficients k1 to k4 of the following equation are arbitrarily changed within a range that is not a negative number is expressed by the following equation (1):
P (λ) = Pw (λ) + k1 * Pb (λ) + k2 * Pbg (λ) + k3 * Pg (λ) + k4 * Pr (λ) (1)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1-No. 15 is illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 15 is illuminated. 1-No. ΔYn = a 1 △ Qn + a 2 Calculate the maximum of any one and the product sum of hue differences Δh1 to Δh15 of CIECAM02-UCS below an arbitrary value, or CIE1976 brightness difference ΔL * and ab chroma difference ΔC ab * of L * a * b * color system Yn ′ = a 1 ′ ΔL * n + a 2 ′ ΔC ab * n (n = 1 to 15) is the maximum and the difference in the ab hue angle of the L * a * b * color system Δh ab 1 to Δh ab The product sum of 15 is set to an arbitrary value or less.
上記式において、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｗ（λ）：白色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂｇ（λ）：青緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｒ（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤの分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：青色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ２：青緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ３：緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ａ１、ａ２、ａ１’、ａ２’：回帰定数
である。ａ１、ａ２：回帰定数の求め方については後述する。
In the above formula,
P (λ): White light spectral distribution to be obtained Pw (λ): White LED spectral distribution Pb (λ): Blue LED spectral distribution Pbg (λ): Blue-green LED spectral distribution Pg (λ): Green LED Spectral distribution of Pr (λ): spectral distribution of red LED λ: wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Blue LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k2: Blue-green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k4: Red LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
a 1 , a 2 , a 1 ′, a 2 ′: regression constants. a 1 , a 2 : The method for obtaining the regression constant will be described later.
知覚される色の見えの各属性を定量化させる色の見えモデルとして、CIECAM02-UCSが提案されている。ここで、色の見えの属性としては、色相角（Ｈ）、ブライトネス（Ｑ）、明るさ（Ｊ）、カラフルネス〔鮮やかさ〕（Ｍ）、クロマ（Ｃ）、飽和度（ｓ）、色相（ｈ）等がある。 CIECAM02-UCS has been proposed as a color appearance model that quantifies each attribute of the perceived color appearance. Here, the color appearance attributes include hue angle (H), brightness (Q), brightness (J), colorfulness (brilliance) (M), chroma (C), saturation (s), hue. (H) etc.
また、Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系は、ＣＩＥが1976年に推奨した均等色空間であり、物体色の表示に広く用いられている。色のみえの属性としては、CIE1976明度（Ｌ＊）、ａｂクロマ（Ｃ＊ ａｂ）、ａｂ色相角（ｈａｂ）等がある。 The L * a * b * color system is a uniform color space recommended by the CIE in 1976 and is widely used for displaying object colors. As attributes of the color check, there are CIE1976 lightness (L * ), ab chroma (C * ab ), ab hue angle (h ab ), and the like.
前記式（１）は、視感評価実験によるＬＥＤ照明下での色みえの印象評価の結果に基づいてその忠実性を確認して求めたものである。ここで、視感評価実験について述べる。 The formula (1) is obtained by confirming the fidelity based on the result of the impression evaluation of color appearance under the LED illumination by the visual evaluation test. Here, a visual evaluation experiment will be described.
視感評価実験は、３種類のＬＥＤ（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ)と電球形蛍光ランプと白熱電球の５種類の光源を用い、試料光源用ブース（間口０．５ｍ、奥行き０．５ｍ、高さ１．２ｍ）と基準光源用ブース（同サイズ）を併設させたセットで行った。基準光源としてはＤ６５蛍光ランプを用い、一対比較により評価を行った。両ブースに同じ評価用色票（１５色）を１枚ずつ提示し、被験者は、その見えを比較して評価した。色票の載置面の照度は５００lxに設定した。評価の方法はＳＤ法(semantic differential method)で行い、相対的な見えの印象の程度を２０個の形容詞に関して、「全くそう思わない（１）」〜「非常にそう思う（７）」の７段階で被験者に答えさせた。形容詞：違って見える、鮮やか、明るい、赤みが強い、緑みが強い、自然である、好ましい、・・・等である。例えば、「右側の色と比べて、左側の色の方が、明るい」等の評価である。被験者は、大学生４５名（男２２名、女２３名）とした。 In the visual evaluation experiment, three types of LEDs (A, B, C), a bulb-type fluorescent lamp and an incandescent bulb were used, and a sample light source booth (frontage 0.5 m, depth 0.5 m, height) 1.2m) and a standard light source booth (same size). A D65 fluorescent lamp was used as a reference light source, and evaluation was performed by paired comparison. The same evaluation color chart (15 colors) was presented to both booths one by one, and the subjects compared the appearance and evaluated. The illuminance on the color chart mounting surface was set to 500 lx. The evaluation method is the SD method (semantic differential method), and the degree of relative visual impression of 20 adjectives is 7 from “I do not think so at all (1)” to “I think so very much (7)”. Subjects were asked to answer at the stage. Adjectives: look different, bright, bright, strong reddish, strong greenish, natural, preferred, etc. For example, the evaluation is “the left color is brighter than the right color”. The subjects were 45 university students (22 men and 23 women).
実験結果は、「（基準光源と）違って見える」評定値の光源による差異とした。その結果を図１に示す。 The result of the experiment was the difference due to the rating value light source that “looks different from the reference light source”. The result is shown in FIG.
前記５種類の光源についての全ての色票について分散分析を行ったところ、３種類のＬＥＤ（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ)については、色票Ｎｏ．２、３、５、９、１１、１３、１５では有意な差が生じなかったが、それ以外のケースでは分光分布による色みえの印象の違いが生じていた。 When an analysis of variance was performed for all the color charts for the five types of light sources, color chart Nos. No significant difference occurred in 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, and 15, but in other cases, there was a difference in color appearance due to the spectral distribution.
ここで、CIECAM02-UCSによる色みえ予測について述べると、この予測モデルは、ＣＩＥ(国際照明委員会)の提案している色みえモデルCIECAM02-UCSに基づいた均等色空間を利用するもので、英国Leeds大学が提案している。本モデルの計算手順を、図２に示す。 Here, the color prediction by CIECAM02-UCS is described. This prediction model uses the uniform color space based on the color preview model CIECAM02-UCS proposed by CIE (International Lighting Commission). Proposed by Leeds University. The calculation procedure of this model is shown in FIG.
三刺激値Ｘ，Ｙ，Ｚ、白色点の三刺激値Ｘｗ，Ｙｗ，Ｚｗと、順応輝度ＬＡ，順応の程度Ｄ，周囲の条件を求め、色順応，非線形特性，反対色を計算して、色の見えの属性（Ｈ,Ｊ，Ｃ，Ｑ，Ｍ，ｓなどを求め、均等色空間への変換を行った後、色差ΔＥ’を算出する。 Obtain tristimulus values X, Y, Z, white point tristimulus values Xw, Yw, Zw, adaptation luminance L A , degree of adaptation D, and ambient conditions, calculate chromatic adaptation, nonlinear characteristics, and opposite color Then, after obtaining the color appearance attributes (H, J, C, Q, M, s, etc.) and converting them to the uniform color space, the color difference ΔE ′ is calculated.
図３−１に、実験結果とCIECAM02-UCSによる予測値と従来法（Ｕ＊Ｖ＊Ｗ＊色空間の式差）による予測値を比較して示す。図３−１において、順応の程度Ｄ＝０（色順応をしていない）として計算してある。 FIG. 3A shows comparison between the experimental result, the predicted value by CIECAM02-UCS, and the predicted value by the conventional method (formula difference in U * V * W * color space). In FIG. 3A, calculation is performed with the degree of adaptation D = 0 (no chromatic adaptation).
図３−１より、CIECAM02-UCSによる予測値は、従来法（Ｕ＊Ｖ＊Ｗ＊色空間の式差）に比べて実験値との良い相関を示していることが分かる。 As can be seen from FIG. 3A, the predicted value according to CIECAM02-UCS shows a better correlation with the experimental value than the conventional method (difference in U * V * W * color space).
また、図３−２に、実験結果とＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系による予測値を示す。Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系では、色差をΔＥ＊ ａｂで表す。Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系による予測値も実験値との良い相関を示していることが分かる。 FIG. 3-2 shows experimental results and predicted values based on the L * a * b * color system. In the L * a * b * color system, the color difference is represented by ΔE * ab . It can be seen that the predicted value by the L * a * b * color system also shows a good correlation with the experimental value.
主成分分析による実験データの評価について考察してみると、主成分分析により、形容詞間の関係を把握し、その評価次元を明らかにすることができる。これにより観察者が、どのような観点で各光源で照明された色票を評価しているのかを知ることができる。分析の結果、主成分として、以下のものが抽出される。 Considering the evaluation of experimental data by principal component analysis, principal component analysis can grasp the relationship between adjectives and clarify the evaluation dimension. Thereby, the observer can know from what viewpoint the color chart illuminated by each light source is evaluated. As a result of the analysis, the following are extracted as principal components.
・第１主成分（鮮やか・明るい・好ましい・快い・華やかな・清潔）
・第２主成分（自然である・気がやすまる・やわらかな・落ち着いた・しっとりした・まろやかな）
・第３主成分（青みが強い・黄みが強い（−））
・第４主成分（重い）
・第５主成分（赤みが強い（−）・緑みが強い）
この結果によると、たとえば、鮮やかさ、明るさ、好ましさなどの形容詞については、第１主成分であらわされる評価次元で色票を評価していると分析できる。
・ First main component (bright, bright, preferable, pleasant, gorgeous, clean)
・ Second main component (natural, relaxed, soft, calm, moist, mellow)
・ 3rd main component (strong blue and yellow (-))
・ 4th main component (heavy)
・ Fifth main component (strong redness (-), strong greenness)
According to this result, for example, for adjectives such as vividness, brightness, and preference, it can be analyzed that the color chart is evaluated in the evaluation dimension expressed by the first principal component.
ここで、第１主成分（鮮やか、明るい、好ましい、・・・）に着目し、CIECAM02のブライトネス（明るさ）Ｑ、カラフルネス（鮮やか）Ｍまたは、Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のCIE1976明度（Ｌ＊）、ａｂクロマ（Ｃ＊ ａｂ）を説明変数、主成分得点Ｙを目的変数とする重回帰分析を行った。主成分得点Ｙは下記式で表される。 Here, paying attention to the first main component (bright, bright, preferable,...), CIECAM02 brightness Q, colorfulness M, or L * a * b * color system CIE1976 Multiple regression analysis was performed with lightness (L * ) and ab chroma (C * ab ) as explanatory variables and principal component score Y as an objective variable. The principal component score Y is expressed by the following formula.
Ｙｎ＝ａ０＋ａ１・ΔＱｎ＋ａ２・ΔＭｎ・・・（２）
Ｙｎ’＝ａ０’＋ａ１’・ΔＬ＊ｎ＋ａ２’・ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎ・・・（２）’
（上記式中ａ０，ａ１，ａ２，ａ０’，ａ１’，ａ２’は回帰係数であり主成分得点への寄与を表し、ΔＱｎは色票番号ｎ(ｎ＝１〜１５)に対する基準光源とのブライトネスの差、ΔＭｎは色票番号ｎに対する基準光源とのカラフルネスの差、ΔＬ＊ｎは色票番号ｎ(ｎ＝１〜１５)に対する基準光源とのCIE1976明度の差、ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎは色票番号ｎに対する基準光源とのａｂクロマの差である。Ｙｎ、Ｙｎ’、ΔＱｎ、ΔＭｎ、ΔＬ＊ｎ、ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎは、規格化を行った。ここで規格化とは、Ｓ１〜Ｓ１５（Ｓは、Ｙ、ΔＱ、ΔＭ、ΔＬ＊またはΔＣ＊ ａｂを表す）の平均値Ｓａｖｅと標準偏差Ｓσを算出し、Ｓ’ｎ＝（Ｓｎ−Ｓａｖｅ）/Ｓσの操作を施すことである。
Yn = a 0 + a 1 · ΔQn + a 2 · ΔMn (2)
Yn ′ = a 0 ′ + a 1 ′ · ΔL * n + a 2 ′ · ΔC * ab n (2) ′
(In the above formula, a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , a 0 ′, a 1 ′, a 2 ′ are regression coefficients representing the contribution to the principal component score, and ΔQn is a color chart number n (n = 1 to 15). ) Brightness difference from the reference light source with respect to the color chart number n, ΔM * is the difference in colorfulness from the reference light source with respect to the color chart number n, and ΔL * n is the difference in CIE1976 brightness with the reference light source with respect to the color chart number n (n = 1 to 15). , [Delta] C * ab n is the difference ab chroma with reference light source for the color chart number n .Yn, Yn ', ΔQn, ΔMn, ΔL * n, ΔC * ab n is subjected to normalization. here standard The calculation means the average value Save and standard deviation Sσ of S1 to S15 (S represents Y, ΔQ, ΔM, ΔL * or ΔC * ab ), and S′n = (Sn−Save) / Sσ Is to perform the operation.
CIECAM02を使った回帰式によって、第１主成分を次式で再現することができる。 The first principal component can be reproduced by the following equation by the regression equation using CIECAM02.
ＬＥＤ Ａ： Ｙｎ＝０．４０ΔＱｎ＋０．２６ΔＭｎ・・・（３）
ＬＥＤ Ｂ： Ｙｎ＝０．４２ΔＱｎ＋０．２８ΔＭｎ・・・（４）
ＬＥＤ Ｃ： Ｙｎ＝０．３６ΔＱｎ＋０．２１ΔＭｎ・・・（５）
電球形蛍光ランプ： Ｙｎ＝０．７５ΔＱｎ＋０．０１ΔＭｎ・・・（６）
電球： Ｙｎ＝０．４３ΔＱｎ＋０．３９ΔＭｎ・・・（７）
また、Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系を使った回帰式によって、第１主成分を次式で再現することができる。
LED A: Yn = 0.40ΔQn + 0.26ΔMn (3)
LED B: Yn = 0.42ΔQn + 0.28ΔMn (4)
LED C: Yn = 0.36ΔQn + 0.21ΔMn (5)
Light bulb type fluorescent lamp: Yn = 0.75ΔQn + 0.01ΔMn (6)
Light bulb: Yn = 0.43ΔQn + 0.39ΔMn (7)
Further, the first principal component can be reproduced by the following equation by a regression equation using the L * a * b * color system.
ＬＥＤ Ａ： Ｙｎ＝０．５１ΔＬ＊ｎ＋０．１２ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎ・・・（３）’
ＬＥＤ Ｂ： Ｙｎ＝０．６９ΔＬ＊ｎ＋０．０３ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎ・・・（４）’
ＬＥＤ Ｃ： Ｙｎ＝０．６０ΔＬ＊ｎ＋０．０３ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎ・・・（５）’
電球形蛍光ランプ： Ｙｎ＝０．６４ΔＬ＊ｎ−０．００３ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎ・・・（６）’
電球： Ｙｎ＝０．６７ΔＬ＊ｎ＋０．１１ΔＣ＊ ａｂｎ・・・（７）’
CIECAM02による第１主成分（鮮やか、明るい）得点の重回帰分析の結果を図４−１に示す。第１主成分得点は実験値であり、回帰式は計算値である。図４−１で示すように、色票番号９〜１５（鮮やかな赤、黄、緑、青、肌色、木の葉の色、日本人の肌色に対応）に限定すると、実験値との良い相関を示している。また、上記と同様にＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のＬ＊、Ｃ＊ ａｂによる重回帰分析の結果を図４−２に示す。CIECAM02による回帰式と同様に、色票番号９〜１５について、実験値との良い相関を示している。
LED A: Yn = 0.51ΔL * n + 0.12ΔC * ab n (3) ′
LED B: Yn = 0.69ΔL * n + 0.03ΔC * ab n (4) ′
LED C: Yn = 0.60ΔL * n + 0.03ΔC * ab n (5) ′
Light bulb-type fluorescent lamp: Yn = 0.64ΔL * n−0.003ΔC * ab n (6) ′
Light bulb: Yn = 0.67ΔL * n + 0.11ΔC * ab n (7) ′
The result of multiple regression analysis of the first principal component (bright and bright) score by CIECAM02 is shown in Fig. 4-1. The first principal component score is an experimental value, and the regression equation is a calculated value. As shown in FIG. 4-1, when limited to color chart numbers 9 to 15 (corresponding to vivid red, yellow, green, blue, skin color, leaf color, Japanese skin color), good correlation with experimental values is obtained. Show. Similarly to the above, the results of multiple regression analysis using L * and C * ab in the L * a * b * color system are shown in FIG. Similar to the regression equation by CIECAM02, the color chart numbers 9 to 15 show a good correlation with the experimental values.
この結果を用い、CIECAM02-UCSの色差（ΔＥｎ’）、ブライトネスの差（ΔＱｎ)、カラフルネスの差（ΔＭｎ）を指標とした分光分布設計を行った。ここで、ΔＥｎ’を最小とすると、基準光源（ＣＩＥ昼光）の色みえに近い光源が実現でき、ａ１△Ｑｎ＋ａ２△Ｍｎを最大とすると、特定の色の明るさ、鮮やかさを増した光源が実現できる。 Using this result, spectral distribution design was performed using CIECAM02-UCS color difference (ΔEn ′), brightness difference (ΔQn), and colorfulness difference (ΔMn) as indices. Here, when ΔEn ′ is minimized, a light source close to the color appearance of the reference light source (CIE daylight) can be realized, and when a 1 ΔQn + a 2 ΔMn is maximized, the brightness and vividness of a specific color are increased. Can be realized.
設計条件は、次のように設定することができる。 The design conditions can be set as follows.
・白色ＬＥＤ（青色LED+黄色蛍光体）と単色ＬＥＤ（赤、緑、青緑、青色）の混合光源
・相関色温度は、例えば、５０００Ｋ（昼白色）に保つ
・色の変化（色相差Δｈ）をなるべく小さく抑える
・上記の条件で、「ΔＥ’を最小」、または「ΔＹｎ＝ａ１△Ｑｎ＋ａ２△Ｍｎを最大」となるように最適化計算を行う。最適化手法としては、たとえば、Excel（登録商標）ソルバーで用いられている一般化簡約勾配（ＧＲＧ）法などを利用することができます。
-Mixed light source of white LED (blue LED + yellow phosphor) and single color LED (red, green, blue green, blue)-Correlation color temperature is maintained at, for example, 5000K (lunch white)-Color change (hue difference Δh) The optimization calculation is performed so that “ΔE ′ is minimized” or “ΔYn = a 1 ΔQn + a 2 ΔMn is maximized” under the above conditions. As an optimization method, for example, the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) method used in Excel (registered trademark) solver can be used.
回帰係数ａ１、ａ２を決定する方法は、例えば、次の２通り方法のいずれかを選択できることができる。
（１）ＬＥＤ Ａ、ＬＥＤ Ｂ、ＬＥＤ Ｃの第一主成分得点を重回帰分析した結果の回帰係数の平均値を用いる。
As a method for determining the regression coefficients a 1 and a 2 , for example, one of the following two methods can be selected.
(1) The average value of the regression coefficients as a result of multiple regression analysis of the first principal component scores of LED A, LED B, and LED C is used.
ＬＥＤ Ａの回帰式は、０．４０ΔＱ＋０．２６ΔＭ
ＬＥＤ Ｂの回帰式は、０．４２ΔＱ＋０．２８ΔＭ
ＬＥＤ Ｃの回帰式は、０．３６ΔＱ＋０．２１ΔＭ
であるので、ａ１＝（０．４０＋０．４２＋０．３６）／３≒０．３９
ａ２＝（０．２６＋０．２８＋０．２１）／３≒０．２５
となる。
（２）ＬＥＤ Ａ、ＬＥＤ Ｂ、ＬＥＤ Ｃのうち、目的とする色票のΔＹｎ値が最大であるＬＥＤの回帰係数を用いる。
The regression equation for LED A is 0.40ΔQ + 0.26ΔM
The regression equation for LED B is 0.42ΔQ + 0.28ΔM
The regression equation for LED C is 0.36ΔQ + 0.21ΔM
Therefore, a 1 = (0.40 + 0.42 + 0.36) /3≈0.39
a 2 = (0.26 + 0.28 + 0.21) /3≈0.25
It becomes.
(2) Among the LEDs A, LED B, and LED C, the regression coefficient of the LED having the maximum ΔYn value of the target color chart is used.
図５の例では、ｎ＝９（鮮やかな赤）のΔＹｎ値を目的としているので、ΔＹ９の最大値を持つＬＥＤ Ｃの回帰係数ａ１＝０．３６、ａ２＝０．２１となる。 In the example of FIG. 5, since the target is the ΔYn value of n = 9 (bright red), the regression coefficients a1 = 0.36 and a2 = 0.21 of the LED C having the maximum value of ΔY9.
白色、赤、緑、青緑、青ＬＥＤの分光分布例を図６に示す。 FIG. 6 shows an example of spectral distribution of white, red, green, blue-green, and blue LEDs.
この例では、ａ１＝０．３９、ａ２＝０．２５としている。 In this example, a 1 = 0.39 and a 2 = 0.25.
第１のＬＥＤ照明の分光分布の設計例では、白色ＬＥＤ（青色ＬＥＤ+黄色蛍光体）＋赤色ＬＥＤ＋青緑ＬＥＤを用い、昼光（Ｄ５０）との色差ΔＥ’を市販されている高効率ＬＥＤ（青色ＬＥＤ＋黄色蛍光体）の例に比べて低減させた（自然光の見え方に近い）。また、市販されている高演色ＬＥＤ（青色ＬＥＤ＋ＲＧ蛍光体）の例に対しても色票番号１２（鮮やかな青）の色差ΔＥ’を低減している。各ＬＥＤの分光分布例を図７に示す。また、ΔＥ’を低減させる様子を図８に示す。色相差と彩度差を低減させる様子を図９に示す。 In the design example of the spectral distribution of the first LED illumination, a white LED (blue LED + yellow phosphor) + red LED + blue green LED is used, and a high-efficiency LED that is commercially available with a color difference ΔE ′ from daylight (D50). Compared to the example of (blue LED + yellow phosphor), it was reduced (close to natural light appearance). Further, the color difference ΔE ′ of the color chart number 12 (brilliant blue) is also reduced with respect to an example of a commercially available high color rendering LED (blue LED + RG phosphor). An example of the spectral distribution of each LED is shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows how ΔE ′ is reduced. FIG. 9 shows how the hue difference and saturation difference are reduced.
第２のＬＥＤ照明の分光分布の設計例では、白色ＬＥＤ（青色ＬＥＤ＋黄色蛍光体）＋ＲＧＢ−ＬＥＤを用い、赤色・緑色の第１主成分（明るさ・鮮やかさ・好ましさ）を増大させ、色相変化をごくわずかとした。各ＬＥＤの分光分布例を図１０に示す。赤色（色票番号９）・緑色(色票番号１１)の第１主成分（明るさ・鮮やかさ・好ましさ）を市販高効率ＬＥＤの例と市販高演色ＬＥＤの例と比較して増大させる様子を図１１に示す。赤色（色票番号９）・緑色(色票番号１１)の彩度を市販高効率ＬＥＤの例と市販高演色ＬＥＤの例と比較して増大させ、かつ色票番号１〜１２のＤ５０(同じ相関色温度の自然光)に対する色相変化を市販高効率ＬＥＤの例と比較して小さくさせる様子を図１２、図１３に示す。 In the design example of the spectral distribution of the second LED illumination, white LEDs (blue LEDs + yellow phosphors) + RGB-LEDs are used to increase the first principal component (brightness, vividness, and preference) of red and green. The hue change was negligible. An example of the spectral distribution of each LED is shown in FIG. The first main component (brightness, vividness, and preference) of red (color chart number 9) and green (color chart number 11) is increased compared to the example of commercially available high-efficiency LED and the example of commercially available high color rendering LED FIG. The saturation of red (color chart number 9) and green (color chart number 11) is increased in comparison with the example of commercially available high-efficiency LED and the example of commercially available high color rendering LED, and D50 (same as color chart numbers 1 to 12) FIGS. 12 and 13 show how the hue change with respect to the natural light of the correlated color temperature is made smaller than that of the commercially available high-efficiency LED.
上記設計例によるＬＥＤ照明の試作を行い、視感評価を行った結果を図１５および図１６に示す。視感評価実験の方法は、上記で述べた方法と同じである。 FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 show the results of the trial evaluation of the LED lighting according to the above design example and the visual evaluation. The method of the visual evaluation experiment is the same as the method described above.
図１５は第１のＬＥＤ照明の分光分布の設計例による試作品の評価結果である。図１５から、本設計方法によるＬＥＤ照明は、市販高効率ＬＥＤと比較して、概ね"違って見える”評定値が小さくなっている、すなわち、基準光(昼光)との色見えに近いことが確認できる。 FIG. 15 shows the evaluation result of the prototype according to the design example of the spectral distribution of the first LED illumination. From FIG. 15, the LED lighting by this design method has a smaller rating value that “looks different” in general compared to commercially available high-efficiency LEDs, that is, it is close to the color appearance of the reference light (daylight). Can be confirmed.
図１６は第２のＬＥＤ照明の分光分布の設計例による試作品の評価結果である。図１６から、本設計方法によるＬＥＤ照明は、市販高効率ＬＥＤと比較して、色票番号９（鮮やかな赤）に関する"鮮やかさ”および”明るさ”評定値が大きくなっている、すなわち、赤に関して第１主成分（明るさ・鮮やかさ）を増大させることが確認できる。 FIG. 16 shows the evaluation result of the prototype according to the design example of the spectral distribution of the second LED illumination. From FIG. 16, the LED illumination according to the present design method has a higher “Vividness” and “Brightness” rating values for the color chart number 9 (bright red) than the commercially available high-efficiency LEDs, that is, It can be confirmed that the first main component (brightness / brightness) is increased with respect to red.
以上より、本発明によるＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計による効果が確認される。 As mentioned above, the effect by the spectral distribution design of LED illumination by this invention is confirmed.
次に、上記のＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法によるＬＥＤ照明器具の作製例を述べる。 Next, an example of producing an LED lighting apparatus by the above-described spectral distribution design method for LED lighting will be described.
作製したＬＥＤ照明器具の種類はダウンライト型である。ＬＥＤの構成は次の２通りである。 The kind of the LED lighting fixture produced is a downlight type. There are the following two LED configurations.
１）白色ＬＥＤ（黄色＋ＹＡＧ蛍光体）＋赤、緑、青色ＬＥＤタイプ
２）白色ＬＥＤ（黄色＋ＹＡＧ蛍光体）＋赤、青緑ＬＥＤタイプ
１）は、次のようなＬＥＤの組み合わせで構成することができる。
1) White LED (yellow + YAG phosphor) + red, green, blue LED type 2) White LED (yellow + YAG phosphor) + red, blue-green LED type 1) Consists of the following LED combinations Can do.
白色ＬＥＤ：ＧＳＰＷ１６４３ＪＴＥ−５０Ｘ（スタンレー製）３個
定格順方向電流３５０ｍＡ、定格順方向電圧３Ｖ、全光束１４０lm、Ｒａ７０）
赤、緑、青色ＬＥＤ：ＡＲＧＢ１３１１ＧＳＥ（スタンレー製）ＲＧＢトリカラー５４個
（順方向電流２３ｍＡ（赤、緑）、１４ｍＡ（青）、発光波長：４７２ｎｍ、５２５ｎｍ、６２２ｎｍ、光度：２５０ｍｃｄ（赤）、１１５０ｍｃｄ（緑）、６００ｍｃｄ（青)）
２）は、次のようなＬＥＤの組み合わせで構成することができる。
White LED: 3 GSPW1643JTE-50X (Stanley)
(Rated forward current 350mA, rated forward voltage 3V, total luminous flux 140lm, Ra70)
Red, green and blue LEDs: ARGB1311GSE (manufactured by Stanley) 54 RGB tricolors
(Forward current 23 mA (red, green), 14 mA (blue), emission wavelength: 472 nm, 525 nm, 622 nm, luminous intensity: 250 mcd (red), 1150 mcd (green), 600 mcd (blue))
2) can be composed of the following combinations of LEDs.
白色ＬＥＤ：ＧＳＰＷ１６４３ＪＴＥ−５０Ｘ（スタンレー製）３個
（順方向電流３５０ｍＡ、順方向電圧３Ｖ、全光束１４０lm、Ｒａ７０）
青緑色ＬＥＤ：ＮＳ６ＥＯ８３Ａ（日亜化学製）３個
（順方向電流３００ｍＡ、順方向電圧３．８Ｖ、発光波長４９５ｎｍ、全光束４８lm）
赤、緑、青色ＬＥＤ：ＡＲＧＢ１３１１ＧＳＥ（スタンレー製）ＲＧＢトリカラー１８個
（順方向電流２３ｍＡ（赤、緑）、１４ｍＡ（青）、発光波長：４７２ｎｍ、５２５ｎｍ、６２２ｎｍ、光度：２５０ｍｃｄ（赤）、１１５０ｍｃｄ（緑）、６００ｍｃｄ（青)）
上記第１及び第２の構成例のＬＥＤ素子配置例を図１４（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す。
White LED: 3 GSPW1643JTE-50X (Stanley)
(Forward current 350mA, forward voltage 3V, total luminous flux 140lm, Ra70)
Blue-green LED: 3 NS6EO83A (manufactured by Nichia Chemical)
(Forward current 300mA, forward voltage 3.8V, emission wavelength 495nm, total luminous flux 48lm)
Red, green, blue LED: 18 ARGB1311GSE (manufactured by Stanley) RGB tricolor
(Forward current 23 mA (red, green), 14 mA (blue), emission wavelength: 472 nm, 525 nm, 622 nm, luminous intensity: 250 mcd (red), 1150 mcd (green), 600 mcd (blue))
The LED element arrangement example of the said 1st and 2nd structural example is shown to Fig.14 (a), (b).
Claims (3)
次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ４を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（１）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｗ（λ）＋ｋ１＊Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ２＊Ｐｂｇ（λ）＋ｋ３＊Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ４＊Ｐｒ（λ）・・・（１）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSのブライトネス差△Ｑ１〜△Ｑ１５、カラフルネス差△Ｍ１〜△Ｍ１５から計算した△Ｙｎ＝ａ １ △Ｑｎ＋ａ ２ △Ｍｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつCIECAM02-UCSの色相差△ｈ１〜△ｈ１５の積和を任意の値以下とする、またはＬ ＊ ａ ＊ ｂ ＊ 表色系のCIE1976明度差ΔＬ ＊ 、ａｂクロマ差ΔＣ ａｂ ＊ から計算したＹｎ’＝ａ １ ’ΔＬ ＊ ｎ＋ａ ２ ’ΔＣ ａｂ ＊ ｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつＬ ＊ ａ ＊ ｂ ＊ 表色系のａｂ色相角の差Δｈ ａｂ １〜Δｈ ａｂ １５の積和を任意の値以下とすることを特徴とするＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法。
上記式において、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｗ（λ）：白色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂｇ（λ）：青緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｒ（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤの分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：青色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ２：青緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ３：緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ａ １ 、ａ ２ 、ａ １ ’、ａ ２ ’：回帰定数
である。 Using a white LED, a blue LED, a blue-green LED, a green LED, and a red LED composed of a blue light-emitting element and a yellow phosphor, each of the white, blue, blue-green, green, and red LEDs is used. It is a method of obtaining white light by additively mixing light,
When the spectral distribution P (λ) of white light when the coefficients k1 to k4 of the following equation are arbitrarily changed within a range that is not a negative number is expressed by the following equation (1):
P (λ) = Pw (λ) + k1 * Pb (λ) + k2 * Pbg (λ) + k3 * Pg (λ) + k4 * Pr (λ) (1)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1-No. 15 is illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 15 is illuminated. 1-No. Brightness difference CIECAM02-UCS when illuminated 15 with reference light △ Q1~ △ Q15, was calculated from the colorfulness difference △ M1~ △ M15 △ Yn = a 1 △ Qn + a 2 △ Mn of (n = 1 to 15) Either is the maximum and the sum of products of hue differences Δh1 to Δh15 of CIECAM02-UCS is set to an arbitrary value or less, or CIE1976 lightness difference ΔL * , ab chroma difference ΔC ab * of L * a * b * color system Any of Yn ′ = a 1 ′ ΔL * n + a 2 ′ ΔC ab * n (n = 1 to 15) calculated from the above, and the difference in the ab hue angle of the L * a * b * color system Δh ab 1 A spectral distribution design method for LED illumination, wherein a sum of products of Δh ab 15 is set to an arbitrary value or less .
In the above formula,
P (λ): White light spectral distribution to be obtained Pw (λ): White LED spectral distribution Pb (λ): Blue LED spectral distribution Pbg (λ): Blue-green LED spectral distribution Pg (λ): Green LED Spectral distribution of Pr (λ): spectral distribution of red LED λ: wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Blue LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k2: Blue-green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k4: Red LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
a 1, a 2, a 1 ', a 2': a regression constant <br/>.
次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ５を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（２）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ１ ＊ Ｐｂｇ（λ）＋ｋ２ ＊ Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ３ ＊ Ｐｙ（λ）＋ｋ４ ＊ Ｐｒ１（λ）＋ｋ５ ＊ Ｐｒ２（λ）・・・（２）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSのブライトネス差△Ｑ１〜△Ｑ１５、カラフルネス差△Ｍ１〜△Ｍ１５から計算した△Ｙｎ＝ａ１△Ｑｎ＋ａ２△Ｍｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつCIECAM02-UCSの色相差△ｈ１〜△ｈ１５の積和を任意の値以下とする、またはＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のCIE1976明度差ΔＬ＊、ａｂクロマ差ΔＣａｂ ＊から計算したＹｎ’＝ａ１’ΔＬ＊ｎ＋ａ２’ΔＣａｂ ＊ｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系のａｂ色相角の差Δｈａｂ１〜Δｈａｂ１５の積和を任意の値以下とすることを特徴とするＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法。
上記式において、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｂｇ（λ）：青緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｙ（λ）：黄色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｒ１（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤ１の分光分布
Ｐｒ２（λ）：赤色ＬＥＤ２の分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：青緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ２：緑色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ３：黄色ＬＥＤの強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色ＬＥＤ１の強度（光束比）
ｋ５：赤色ＬＥＤ２の強度（光束比）
ａ１、ａ２、ａ１’、ａ２’：回帰定数
である。 It is composed of a blue LED, a blue-green LED, a green LED composed of a blue LED and a green phosphor, a yellow LED composed of a blue LED and a yellow phosphor, and a blue LED and a red phosphor 1. A red LED 1 composed of a blue LED and a red phosphor 2, and light from each of the blue, blue-green, green, yellow, red 1, red 2 LEDs is additively mixed to produce white light. A method of obtaining
When the spectral distribution P (λ) of white light when the coefficients k1 to k5 of the following formula are arbitrarily changed within a range that is not a negative number is expressed by the following formula (2) :
P (λ) = Pb (λ) + k1 * Pbg (λ) + k2 * Pg (λ) + k3 * Py (λ) + k4 * Pr1 (λ) + k5 * Pr2 (λ) (2)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1-No. 15 is illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 15 is illuminated. 1-No. ΔYn = a 1 △ Qn + a 2 Either is the maximum and the sum of products of hue differences Δh1 to Δh15 of CIECAM02-UCS is set to an arbitrary value or less, or CIE1976 lightness difference ΔL * , ab chroma difference ΔC ab * of L * a * b * color system Any of Yn ′ = a 1 ′ ΔL * n + a 2 ′ ΔC ab * n (n = 1 to 15) calculated from the above, and the difference in the ab hue angle of the L * a * b * color system Δh ab 1 A spectral distribution design method for LED illumination, wherein a sum of products of Δh ab 15 is set to an arbitrary value or less.
In the above formula,
P (λ): White light spectral distribution to be obtained
Pb (λ): spectral distribution of blue LED
Pbg (λ): spectral distribution of blue-green LED
Pg (λ): Spectral distribution of green LED
Py (λ): Spectral distribution of yellow LED
Pr1 (λ): spectral distribution of red LED 1
Pr2 (λ): spectral distribution of red LED 2 λ: wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Blue-green LED intensity (light flux ratio)
k2: Green LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Yellow LED intensity (luminous flux ratio)
k4: Intensity of red LED 1 (light flux ratio)
k5: Red LED 2 intensity (luminous flux ratio)
a 1 , a 2 , a 1 ′, a 2 ′: regression constants.
次式の係数ｋ１〜ｋ４を負数とならない範囲で任意に変化させたときの白色光の分光分布Ｐ（λ）を下記式（３）で表したとき、
Ｐ（λ）＝Ｐｂ（λ）＋ｋ１＊Ｐｇ（λ）＋ｋ２＊Ｐｙ（λ）＋ｋ３＊Ｐｒ１（λ）＋ｋ４＊Ｐｒ２（λ）・・・（３）
のうち、ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を前記白色光で照らしたときと前記ＪＩＳ演色評価試験色Ｎｏ．１〜Ｎｏ．１５を基準光で照らしたときのCIECAM02-UCSのブライトネス差△Ｑ１〜△Ｑ１５、カラフルネス差△Ｍ１〜△Ｍ１５から計算した△Ｙｎ＝ａ １ △Ｑｎ＋ａ ２ △Ｍｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつCIECAM02-UCSの色相差△ｈ１〜△ｈ１５の積和を任意の値以下とする、またはＬ ＊ ａ ＊ ｂ ＊ 表色系のCIE1976明度差ΔＬ ＊ 、ａｂクロマ差ΔＣ ａｂ ＊ から計算したＹｎ’＝ａ １ ’ΔＬ ＊ ｎ＋ａ ２ ’ΔＣ ａｂ ＊ ｎ（ｎ＝１〜１５）のいずれかを最大かつＬ ＊ ａ ＊ ｂ ＊ 表色系のａｂ色相角の差Δｈ ａｂ １〜Δｈ ａｂ １５の積和を任意の値以下とすることを特徴とするＬＥＤ照明の分光分布設計方法。
上記式において、
Ｐ（λ）：求めたい白色光の分光分布
Ｐｂ（λ）：青色ＬＥＤの分光分布
Ｐｇ（λ）：緑色蛍光体の分光分布
Ｐｙ（λ）：黄色蛍光体の分光分布
Ｐｒ１（λ）：赤色蛍光体１の分光分布
Ｐｒ２（λ）：赤色蛍光体２の分光分布
λ：波長３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
ｋ１：緑色蛍光体の強度（光束比）
ｋ２：黄色蛍光体の強度（光束比）
ｋ３：赤色蛍光体１の強度（光束比）
ｋ４：赤色蛍光体２の強度（光束比）
ａ １ 、ａ ２ 、ａ １ ’、ａ ２ ’：回帰定数
である。 A method of obtaining white light using a white LED composed of a blue LED, a mixed phosphor obtained by mixing a green phosphor, a yellow phosphor, a red phosphor 1 and a red phosphor 2 ,
When the spectral distribution P (λ) of white light when the coefficients k1 to k4 of the following formula are arbitrarily changed within a range that is not a negative number is expressed by the following formula (3) ,
P (λ) = Pb (λ) + k1 * Pg (λ) + k2 * Py (λ) + k3 * Pr1 (λ) + k4 * Pr2 (λ) (3)
Among them, JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 1-No. 15 is illuminated with the white light and the JIS color rendering evaluation test color No. 15 is illuminated. 1-No. Brightness difference CIECAM02-UCS when illuminated 15 with reference light △ Q1~ △ Q15, was calculated from the colorfulness difference △ M1~ △ M15 △ Yn = a 1 △ Qn + a 2 △ Mn of (n = 1 to 15) Either is the maximum and the sum of products of hue differences Δh1 to Δh15 of CIECAM02-UCS is set to an arbitrary value or less, or CIE1976 lightness difference ΔL * , ab chroma difference ΔC ab * of L * a * b * color system Any of Yn ′ = a 1 ′ ΔL * n + a 2 ′ ΔC ab * n (n = 1 to 15) calculated from the above, and the difference in the ab hue angle of the L * a * b * color system Δh ab 1 A spectral distribution design method for LED illumination, wherein a sum of products of Δh ab 15 is set to an arbitrary value or less .
In the above formula,
P (λ): White light spectral distribution to be obtained Pb (λ): Blue LED spectral distribution
Pg (λ): Spectral distribution of green phosphor
Py (λ): Spectral distribution of yellow phosphor
Pr1 (λ): spectral distribution of red phosphor 1
Pr2 (λ): spectral distribution of red phosphor 2 λ: wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm
k1: Green phosphor intensity (light flux ratio)
k2: Intensity of yellow phosphor (luminous flux ratio)
k3: Intensity (light flux ratio) of the red phosphor 1
k4: Intensity (light flux ratio) of the red phosphor 2
a 1, a 2, a 1 ', a 2': a regression constant <br/>.
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