JP6053442B2 - COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, RECEPTION DEVICE, TRANSMISSION DEVICE, CONTROL METHOD, AND PROGRAM - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a communication system, a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a control method, and a program that execute both short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission.

  In recent years, the low cost and convenience of short-range wireless communication have been evaluated, and it has been installed in many devices. In addition, wireless power transmission technology has attracted attention because of its convenience in that power can be transmitted wirelessly. Since both of these technologies have high affinity, it is expected that more devices will be installed in the same device and coexist in a time division manner.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for performing short-range wireless communication and SIM card communication using the same chip and the same clock. In the technique of Patent Document 1, a terminal receives a carrier wave from a reader / writer during short-range wireless communication, and performs short-range wireless communication using the carrier wave. However, the terminal cannot receive a short-range wireless communication carrier wave when communicating with the SIM card. In order to solve this, in the technique of Patent Document 1, the carrier wave communicated with the reader / writer of short-range wireless communication immediately before is locked by the PLL to continue the oscillation function, thereby maintaining the internal communication.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for performing short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission using the same oscillator and the same antenna.

JP 2010-178137 A JP 2010-284065 A

  Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is necessary to perform communication by driving the oscillation function from the immediately preceding carrier wave even when the internal bus interface communication that does not perform short-range wireless communication is provided. Moreover, in patent document 1, since there was no difference in the amplitude of a carrier wave by short-distance wireless communication and wireless power transmission, there existed a subject that charging time would be great. In Patent Document 2, since short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission are not switched, there is a problem that a large difference in amplitude cannot be made between the two communications. That is, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 do not provide a method for efficiently performing both short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for efficiently performing short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission together.

In order to achieve the above object, a communication system according to the present invention is a communication system that executes wireless communication and wireless power transmission in a time-sharing manner between a transmission device and a reception device, and the transmission device includes: Supply means for supplying a carrier wave used in wireless communication and wireless power transmission, transmission means for transmitting a signal by wireless communication to the receiver using the carrier wave supplied by the supply means, and by the supply means Power transmission means for transmitting power to the receiving device by the wireless power transmission using the supplied carrier wave, and the receiving device receives the signal transmitted by the wireless communication from the transmitting device using the carrier wave receiving means for a receiving means for receiving power transmitted by the wireless power transmission from the transmission device using the carrier wave, the transport from the transmitting device Attenuates the signal corresponding to a damping means for supplying the attenuated signal to the receiving means, the period for performing the wireless communication, supply a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting device to said receiving means while, the period for executing the wireless power transmission will have a, a supply means for supplying to said attenuating means a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting device.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to improve communication efficiency and charging efficiency in a communication device that performs both short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission.

The block diagram which shows the structure of a transmitter. The block diagram which shows the structure of a receiver. Schematic which shows a communication system. The schematic diagram which shows the outline | summary of the method of performing near field communication and wireless power transmission by a time division, and the amplitude of the carrier wave in that case. The figure which shows transition of the output voltage of a rectification | straightening part in the case of performing near field communication and wireless power transmission by a time division. The figure which shows the example of a characteristic of the electric current and voltage which satisfy | fill the chargeable requirement of a battery. The figure which shows the example of a characteristic of the electric current and voltage which do not satisfy | fill the chargeable requirement of a battery. The figure which shows the case where the initial processing period in short-distance wireless communication is used for data transmission. The flowchart explaining operation | movement of a transmitter and a receiver. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a transmitter according to a second embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, even if the drawing numbers are different, the same numbers are assigned to the same components.

<< Embodiment 1 >>
(Configuration of transmitter)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a transmitter 101 according to this embodiment. The transmitter 101 has both short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission functions, operates both functions based on a time division method, and communicates with the receiver 201 and supplies power to the receiver 201 (power transmission). I do.

  The transmitter 101 includes, for example, an oscillator 102, a short-range wireless communication control unit 103, a wireless power transmission control unit 104, a central processing unit (CPU) 105, a switching control unit 106, a switching unit 107, and an antenna 108.

  The oscillator 102 is an oscillator that generates a carrier wave for performing short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission between the transmitter 101 and the receiver 201 and supplies the carrier wave to the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 and the wireless power transmission control unit 104. . This oscillator is commonly used when performing short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission. The oscillator 102 oscillates at a carrier frequency of short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission, for example, 13.56 MHz. The short-range wireless communication control unit 103 and the wireless power transmission control unit 104 use the frequency output from the oscillator 102 to output a carrier wave signal having a common frequency and phase in the short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission. Is possible.

  For example, the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 generates and transmits a command to the receiver 201 and controls the short-range wireless communication by analyzing the command received from the receiver 201. The wireless power transmission control unit 104 controls wireless power transmission by optimizing the amplitude of the carrier wave and performing appropriate impedance management from the communication distance with the receiver 201.

  The central processing unit 105 controls a time period during which short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission are performed, and performs time-sharing time management. The central processing unit 105 also transmits a switching signal to the switching control unit 106 for controlling the switching unit 107 that switches the output carrier wave between short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission. The switching control unit 106 operates the switching unit 107 according to the time management of the central processing unit 105 according to the switching signal, and switches the connection between the antenna 108 and the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 or the wireless power transmission control unit 104. The antenna 108 is an antenna that transmits a carrier wave for short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission, and is commonly used for both functions of the short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission.

(Receiver configuration)
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a receiver 201 that performs communication with the transmitter 101 and receives supply of power from the transmitter 101 (that is, receives power through wireless power transmission). The receiver 201 includes, for example, an antenna 202, switching units 203 and 211, a short-range wireless communication unit 204, a carrier wave attenuation unit 205, a switching control unit 206, a battery 210, and a wireless power transmission reception unit 212. In addition, the wireless power transmission reception unit 212 includes, for example, a rectification unit 207, a charge holding unit 208, and a charge control unit 209.

  The antenna 202 is a shared antenna that receives a short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission carrier from the transmitter 101. Switching units 203 and 211 switch whether the carrier wave received by antenna 202 is sent to short-range wireless communication unit 204 (A side of 203) or wireless power transmission receiving unit 212 (B side). When the switching unit 203 is on the B side, the carrier wave attenuation unit 205 inputs the carrier wave received by the antenna 202 to the short-range wireless communication unit 204 by attenuating the carrier wave. A switching control unit 206 performs switching control of the switching units 203 and 211.

  The rectifying unit 207 rectifies the carrier wave received by the antenna 202. The charge holding unit 208 maintains the charge in order to prevent the charge from being interrupted during the short-range wireless communication period. During the wireless power transmission period, the receiver 201 supplies the received carrier wave to the rectifying unit 207 via the B side of the switching unit 203, so that power is maintained at the output of the rectifying unit 207. However, in the short-range wireless communication period, the switching unit 203 is connected to the A side, and power is not supplied to the rectifying unit 207, and accordingly, power is not output from the rectifying unit. For this reason, the charge holding unit 208 is provided to maintain power even when power is not output from the rectifying unit 207. In order to cope with the case where the short-range wireless communication period is long and the period in which power is not supplied is long, the capacity of the charge holding unit 208 may be secured large. The charging control unit 209 controls charging of the battery 210 such as a lithium ion battery.

(Configuration of communication system)
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a communication system in the present embodiment. The communication system includes, for example, a transmission device 301 and a reception device 302. The transmission device 301 includes a transmitter 101 that performs short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission, and is a charging device that performs charging without contact, for example. The reception device 302 includes a receiver 201 that performs near field communication and wireless power transmission with the transmission device 301, and is, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, or a digital camera. The receiving device 302 is placed in the vicinity of the transmitting device 301 (for example, placed on the transmitting device 301), thereby performing short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission.

  Both near field communication and wireless power transmission can be performed only when the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is sufficiently short. In short-range wireless communication, the receiver is present in the communicable range of the transmitter when receiving a carrier wave used for communication from the transmitter. It becomes a state where it can communicate. Note that the two operations of short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission are performed in a time-sharing manner, and the carrier wave amplitudes of short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission are different.

(Operation of communication system)
First, how short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission are performed between a pair of transmitters and receivers will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline of a technique for performing short-distance wireless communication and wireless power transmission in a time division manner in the wireless communication of the present embodiment, and the amplitude of a carrier wave at that time. As shown in FIG. 4, different time intervals for executing each of the short-range wireless communication and the wireless power transmission are allocated to the short-range wireless communication and the wireless power transmission using a time division method, and different carriers are transmitted. As shown in FIG. 4, the amplitude (unit: volts) of the carrier used for short-range wireless communication is a, and the amplitude (unit: volts) of the carrier used for wireless power transmission is b.

  The amplitude a of the carrier wave that performs short-range wireless communication is smaller than the amplitude b of the carrier wave used for wireless power transmission. This is because the withstand voltage of the device mounted on the short-range wireless communication unit 204 of the receiver 201 is low. In general, a device equipped with only short-range wireless communication is often required to be small, and due to the miniaturization of the device, the device is proportionally downsized and the breakdown voltage is also reduced. In addition, since near field communication can be performed with a carrier wave having a small amplitude, the withstand voltage may be usually low. Since a device made based on this idea is used, the breakdown voltage of the device is lowered. On the other hand, in wireless power transmission, if power is not transmitted with a carrier wave having a large amplitude, the time required for charging will be great. This is because the amplitude of the carrier wave and the power that can be transmitted are proportional. For these reasons, short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission use different carrier waves.

  Since the communication system of the present embodiment switches between short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission in a time division manner, wireless power transmission is interrupted during the short-range wireless communication period. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, during the short-range wireless communication period, the power of the rectifying unit 207 is interrupted, and accordingly, the charging current for the battery 210 is interrupted. When the current is not interrupted, the characteristic graph showing the relationship between the charging current and the charging voltage of the battery is as shown in FIG. 6, but when the current is interrupted, the characteristic graph is as shown in FIG. No longer meet the rechargeable requirements. Normally, as shown in FIG. 7, the battery 210 is charged by managing the current and voltage so that the current does not stop. As shown in FIG. 7, when a momentary interruption or the like occurs, the current becomes a pulse, and it is natural that the battery cannot be charged. For example, a battery failure may occur depending on the type of battery and the form of pulse. For this reason, the receiver 201 in this embodiment includes the charge holding unit 208, so that the power input to the battery 210 is instantaneous even when switching between short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission in time division. I try not to cause any interruption.

  Next, processing in the transmitter 101 and the receiver 201 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing operations of the transmitter 101 and the receiver 201. When the receiver 201 enters the communicable range of the transmitter 101, such as when the receiver 302 is placed on the transmitter 301, short-range wireless communication and wireless power transmission can be performed. Therefore, when the receiver 201 enters the communicable range of the transmitter 101, this processing is started (S901).

  When the receiver 201 does not exist within the communicable range of the transmitter 101, the switching unit 107 of the transmitter 101 is connected to the A side and starts to operate from near field communication. When the receiver 201 is not within the communicable range of the transmitter 101, the switching units 203 and 211 are both connected to the A side and are in a state of performing short-range wireless communication.

  When the receiver 201 enters the communicable range of the transmitter 101 for the first time, the transmitter 101 and the receiver 201 perform initial setting of short-range wireless communication during the short-range wireless communication period (S902). For example, several tens of ms are spent for this setting.

  In the initial setting of short-range wireless communication, initial RF magnetic field confirmation, RF magnetic field oscillation, polling request command transmission, collision prevention processing, initial response, parameter selection, and data communication start processing are executed. The transmitter 101 and the receiver 201 perform this procedure each time the short-range wireless communication unit 204 of the receiver 201 becomes ready to receive a carrier wave output from the transmitter 101. The transmitter 101 and the receiver 201 exchange charging information by short-range wireless communication after completion of the initial setting (S903).

  Here, the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 of the transmitter 101 adjusts the output from the oscillator 102 so that the amplitude becomes a and outputs it as a carrier wave. Note that the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 transmits and receives charging information and the like of the receiver 201 during the short-range wireless communication period, and controls charging start and end, and further, charging current and the like. On the other hand, in the receiver 201, the carrier wave received by the antenna 202 is input to the short-range wireless communication unit 204. The amplitude of the carrier wave at this time is a as described above, and is adjusted so as not to exceed the breakdown voltage of the device used in the short-range wireless communication unit 204.

  After exchanging the charging information, the transmitter 101 determines whether it is necessary to start charging subsequently (S904). If the battery 210 is fully charged or the like and it is not necessary to start charging (NO in S904), the process ends without performing charging (S912). On the other hand, when it is necessary to start charging (YES in S904), the transmitter 101 and the receiver 201 start wireless power transmission in the wireless power transmission period (YES in S905). In wireless power transmission, the switching unit 107 of the transmitter 101 and the switching units 203 and 211 of the receiver 201 are switched to the B side (S906).

  In wireless power transmission, the wireless power transmission control unit 104 of the transmitter 101 adjusts and outputs a carrier wave from the oscillator 102 so that the amplitude is b. Thereby, in order to charge the battery 210 which the receiver 201 has, the carrier wave of the amplitude b larger than the carrier wave in near field communication is transmitted by radio | wireless.

  Charging is continued after the start (S907) until the end of the wireless power transmission period (YES in S908).

  In the wireless power transmission period, the carrier wave received via the antenna 202 of the receiver 201 is input to the carrier wave attenuating unit 205 and attenuated so that the power is equal to or lower than the breakdown voltage of the device of the short-range wireless communication unit. It is done. The carrier wave having a power lower than the withstand voltage is input to the short-range wireless communication unit 204 (S921). As a result, even in the wireless power transmission period, it is possible to cause the short-range wireless communication unit 204 to input a carrier wave having power equal to or lower than the withstand voltage and having the same frequency and phase. On the other hand, a carrier wave having an amplitude b is input to the rectifying unit 207 in the wireless power transmission receiving unit 212. The rectifying unit 207 converts the alternating current from the antenna 202 into a direct current and uses it as a charging current for the battery 210.

  When the wireless power transmission period ends (YES in S908), the transmitter 101 and the receiver 201 switch the switching unit to the A side (S909), end the wireless power transmission, and start short-range wireless communication (S910). . Then, when the charging information is exchanged again in the short-range wireless communication period and charging is stopped (YES in S911), the process ends (S912). On the other hand, when charging is continued (NO in S911), wireless power transmission is started as the wireless power transmission period comes (YES in S905).

  Thus, the receiver 201 of this embodiment maintains the input of the carrier wave which does not exceed the rating with respect to the device used for near field communication even in the wireless power transmission period. Accordingly, since the short-range wireless communication with the transmitter 101 can be maintained in an activated state, it is not necessary to execute the initialization process in the second and subsequent short-range wireless communication periods. As a result, the short-range wireless communication period is shortened, and the capacity of the charge holding unit 208 can be reduced. In addition, in the case of the receiver 201 including the charge holding unit 208 that can hold the electric charge for assuring the current during the short-range wireless communication period including the initial process, the time for the initial setting with the same period length. Can be used for data transmission, and the data transmission efficiency is remarkably improved.

  This will be described with reference to FIG. Initial processing is performed at A1 during the short-range wireless communication period, and data transmission is performed at A2. In A3, initial processing is not performed, and only data transmission can be performed. Therefore, as compared with the case where the initial process is performed every time the short-range wireless communication is performed, the time corresponding to A1 can be allocated to the data transmission, and the data transmission can be speeded up.

  In the present embodiment, the time distribution of each period in the time division is not defined, but the ratio of the time division time may be determined at the initial setting of the short-range wireless communication.

<< Embodiment 2 >>
Various methods have been proposed for short-range wireless communication. For example, there is a method in which the transmitter 101 confirms by polling whether the receiver 201 exists within the communicable range. When the transmitter 101 outputs an inquiry signal and receives a response signal from the receiver 201 within a predetermined time, the transmitter 101 determines that the receiver 201 exists within the communicable range. However, the receiver 201 may not be able to return a response signal during the wireless power transmission period. In this case, the receiver 101 determines that the receiver 201 is no longer in the communicable range even though the receiver 201 is actually present in the short-range wireless communication range of the transmitter 101. May end up.

  In this embodiment, the transmitter 101 is made to correspond to a method for determining whether or not the receiver 201 exists within the communicable range by such a polling method. FIG. 10 shows a configuration diagram of the transmitter 101 according to the present embodiment. The transmitter 101 according to the present embodiment has switching units 1101 and 1102 instead of the switching unit 107, and further includes a polling response unit 1103, compared to the transmitter 101 shown in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 outputs an inquiry signal regardless of whether or not it is a short-range wireless communication period. When the polling response unit 1103 receives the inquiry signal output from the short-range wireless communication control unit 103, the polling response unit 1103 generates and outputs a response signal. That is, the polling response unit 1103 is a functional unit that returns a pseudo response signal to the inquiry signal output from the short-range wireless communication control unit 103.

  Switching units 1101 and 1102 are connected to the A side during the short-range wireless communication period, and are connected to the B side during the wireless power transmission period. As a result, the inquiry signal output by the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 is transmitted via the antenna 108 during the short-range wireless communication period, and is output to the polling response unit during the wireless power transmission period. Therefore, when the receiver 201 exists in the communicable range of the transmitter 101, the short-range wireless communication control unit 103 receives a response signal from the receiver 201 in the short-range wireless communication period, and in the wireless power transmission period. A response signal is received from the polling response unit 1103.

  Thus, the transmitter 101 determines that the receiver 201 exists within the communicable range even if the receiver 201 that exists within the communicable range becomes unable to transmit a response signal during the wireless power transmission period. Will be able to. In addition, this eliminates the need to repeat the initial process each time, and therefore, when the short-range wireless communication and the wireless power transmission are executed in a time division manner, the initial process of the second and subsequent short-range wireless communication can be omitted. Thus, the short-range wireless communication period can be shortened. Also, by omitting the initial process, the time that was supposed to be spent on the initial process can be spent on data transmission, so that the transmission efficiency can be significantly improved.

  The central processing unit 105 may control the output of the inquiry signal of the short-range wireless communication control unit 103. In this case, since the central processing unit 105 manages the time-division period of the short-range wireless communication and the wireless power transmission, the central processing unit 105 can stop the output of the inquiry signal during the wireless power transmission period. As a result, no inquiry signal is output during the wireless power transmission period, that is, no inquiry is made, so that it is not determined that the receiver 201 is no longer within the communicable range. Therefore, with this configuration, the polling response unit 1103 can be omitted.

<< Other Embodiments >>
The present invention can also be realized by executing the following processing. That is, software (program) that realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments is supplied to a system or apparatus via a network or various storage media, and a computer (or CPU, MPU, or the like) of the system or apparatus reads the program. It is a process to be executed.

Claims (9)

A communication system that executes wireless communication and wireless power transmission in a time division manner between a transmission device and a reception device,
The transmitter is
Supply means for supplying a carrier wave used in the wireless communication and the wireless power transmission;
Transmitting means for transmitting a signal in the wireless communication to the receiving device using the carrier wave supplied by the supplying means;
Power transmission means for transmitting power to the receiving device by the wireless power transmission using the carrier wave supplied by the supply means;
Have
The receiving device is:
Receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted by the wireless communication from the transmitting device using the carrier;
Power receiving means for receiving power transmitted by the wireless power transmission from the transmission device using the carrier wave;
Attenuating means for attenuating a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting device and supplying the attenuated signal to the receiving means;
During the period for executing the wireless communication, a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting apparatus is supplied to the receiving means, and during the period for executing the wireless power transmission, a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting apparatus is provided. Supply means for supplying to the damping means;
Communication system, characterized in that the have a. A receiving device that switches between wireless communication and wireless power transmission in a time-sharing manner with a transmitting device,
Receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted by the wireless communication from the transmitting device using a carrier wave;
Power receiving means for receiving power transmitted by the wireless power transmission from the transmission device using a carrier wave;
Attenuating means for attenuating a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting device and supplying the attenuated signal to the receiving means;
During the period for executing the wireless communication, a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting apparatus is supplied to the receiving means, and during the period for executing the wireless power transmission, a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting apparatus is provided. Supply means for supplying to the damping means;
A receiving apparatus comprising:   Holding means for holding power received during a period of executing the wireless power transmission for use during a period of executing the wireless communication;
  The receiving device according to claim 2. A transmission device that switches between wireless communication and wireless power transmission in a time-sharing manner with a receiving device,
Supply means for supplying a carrier wave used in the wireless communication and the wireless power transmission;
Transmitting means for transmitting a signal in the wireless communication to the receiving device using the carrier wave supplied by the supplying means;
Power transmission means for transmitting power to the receiving device by the wireless power transmission using the carrier wave supplied by the supply means;
A determination unit that determines the presence of the reception device based on the presence or absence of a response signal to the inquiry signal transmitted by the transmission unit in order to inquire whether the reception device is within a communicable range of the wireless communication;
A response means for providing a response signal to the inquiry signal to the determination means when an inquiry signal is transmitted by the transmission means in a period of executing the wireless power transmission;
Transmitting device comprising a Turkey which have a. The inquiry signal is transmitted to the receiving device during a period of executing the wireless communication, and is output to the response means during a period of executing the wireless power transmission. Switching means for switching the output destination of the signal,
The transmitter according to claim 4 , further comprising: Receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted by wireless communication from a transmitting apparatus using a carrier wave; receiving means for receiving power transmitted by wireless power transmission from the transmitting apparatus using a carrier wave; and Attenuating means for attenuating a signal corresponding to a carrier wave and supplying the attenuated signal to the receiving means , and switching between the wireless communication and the wireless power transmission in a time-sharing manner with the transmitting device. A control method in a receiving device to perform,
During the period for executing the wireless communication, a signal corresponding to the carrier wave from the transmitting apparatus is supplied to the receiving unit, and the period for executing the wireless power transmission corresponds to the carrier wave from the transmitting apparatus. A supply step for controlling a signal to be supplied to the attenuation means;
A control method characterized by that.

A method for controlling a transmitting apparatus that performs switching between wireless communication and wireless power transmission in a time-sharing manner with a receiving apparatus, wherein the transmitting apparatus supplies a carrier wave used in the wireless communication and the wireless power transmission Supply means for transmitting, transmitting means for transmitting a signal to the receiving apparatus using the carrier wave supplied by the supplying means, and wireless power to the receiving apparatus using the carrier wave supplied by the supplying means. Existence of the receiving device based on the presence or absence of a response signal to the inquiry signal transmitted by the transmitting unit to inquire whether the receiving device is within the communicable range of the wireless communication, Determining means for determining
A response step of providing a response signal for the inquiry signal to the determination means when an inquiry signal is transmitted by the transmission means in a period of executing the wireless power transmission ;
A control method characterized by that.   The program for functioning a computer as each means with which the receiver of Claim 2 or 3 is provided. The program for functioning a computer as each means with which the transmission apparatus of any one of Claim 4 or 5 is provided.

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