JP5915205B2 - Liquid crystal display substrate and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display substrate and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal display substrate.

  In recent years, electronic devices using a liquid crystal display device have been reduced in weight, and information devices such as mobile phones and mobile PCs have been increasingly used in public places. When an information device is used in a public place, there is a possibility that confidential information or private information displayed on the liquid crystal display device will be visually recognized by others in the vicinity.

  In liquid crystal display devices used in information equipment, stereoscopic image display has come to be used. For example, there are a plurality of technical features such as a request for a click feeling in button display with a stereoscopic display effect and prevention of malfunction by finger input. Requests are increasing. For finger input, there is a method in which a touch panel is externally attached to the surface of the liquid crystal display device. In order to reduce the weight, an optical sensor is built in a liquid crystal panel, and an input method using the optical sensor is being developed. Since the liquid crystal display device incorporating this optical sensor is influenced by temperature and the influence of the backlight light source, the optical sensor may need to be compensated, and a malfunction may occur in response to finger input.

  As a viewing angle control method, there is a method in which a pixel of a display liquid crystal display element is newly provided with a viewing angle control pixel, or a viewing angle control region is provided in a part of the display pixel. This viewing angle control method is suitable for portable display devices because it is unnecessary to add a panel including a viewing angle control liquid crystal element. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-128126 is an example of a method of adding viewing angle control pixels to a display liquid crystal display element. In Patent Document 1, a viewing angle control sub-pixel is used for viewing angle control. Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-65046) is an example of a method for providing a viewing angle control region. In Patent Document 2, a first counter electrode and a second counter electrode are provided in one pixel, and different counter voltages are provided between the first counter electrode and the second counter electrode connected to the thin film transistor. Is applied, and the second counter electrode is used for viewing angle control. When the viewing angle control pixel is used and when the viewing angle control region in which the counter electrode is separately formed is provided, the effective display area may be reduced and the display may be darkened. By adopting the viewing angle control pixel or the viewing angle control region, the display content is less likely to be visually recognized by surrounding third parties. However, even an observer (a user of a liquid crystal display device) may easily see the display quality because light from the viewing angle control pixels or the viewing angle control region is likely to enter the eyes. In addition, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 requires two types of counter voltages, which complicates the power supply system. Patent Document 2 does not discuss VA (Vertical Alignment) liquid crystal or ECB (Electrically Changed Birefringence) liquid crystal applied to a high-contrast liquid crystal display device.

  As another viewing angle control technique, there is a technique that further includes a viewing angle control liquid crystal element in addition to a liquid crystal display apparatus that performs image display. In this case, the liquid crystal display apparatus is heavy and thick.

  Regarding compensation of an optical sensor built in a liquid crystal panel, Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-128686) and Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-12997) describe a second method in which two color filters are stacked. A technique is disclosed in which compensation is performed by differential processing with respect to a first photosensor that is provided with the above-described photosensor and is not laminated with a color filter. In Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4, the skin color recognition technology and the viewing angle control technology by finger input are not examined, and the compensation technology using a plurality of optical sensors having different light wavelength ranges is not studied.

  Patent Document 5 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-27667) relating to an image sensor discloses a compensation technique for a photosensor at a higher level. Patent Document 5 does not disclose a viewing angle control technique for a liquid crystal display device. In Patent Document 5, a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of polygonal pixels elongated in one direction and having a linear light-shielding pattern having a slit opening at the center on both sides in the longitudinal direction facing the polygonal pixels. There is no disclosure about. Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for using a light-shielding pattern, which is indispensable for liquid crystal display, for compensation of an optical sensor, a stable finger input technique for preventing errors, and a liquid crystal display device having a light-shielding pattern having a slit opening on a transparent substrate. No substrate is disclosed.

  Patent Document 6 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-65133) discloses a liquid crystal display device including a short wavelength optical sensor, a red optical sensor, and an infrared light sensor. However, Patent Document 6 discloses a viewing angle control technique for a liquid crystal display device, which includes a plurality of polygonal pixels elongated in one direction, and a linear light-shielding pattern having a slit opening at the center, facing the polygonal pixels. It does not disclose a configuration having both sides in the longitudinal direction, an electrode configuration for efficiently controlling the viewing angle, and a liquid crystal technology.

  Patent Document 7 (WO09 / 116205) discloses a technique for emitting sensing specialized light from an oblique direction in order to perform stable input with a touch sensor (optical sensor). Patent Document 7 discloses a configuration in which a linear light-shielding pattern having a slit opening at a central portion is provided on both sides in a longitudinal direction facing polygonal pixels, a simple compensation technique for an optical sensor, and efficiency for preventing third-party viewing. Does not disclose a typical viewing angle control technique. In Patent Document 7, the first substrate that is the pixel electrode and the second electrode that is the common electrode are not formed on the array substrate that is the first substrate. Patent Document 7 does not disclose a technique for driving liquid crystal by a first electrode that is a pixel electrode and a second electrode that is a common electrode in order to efficiently reproduce obliquely emitted light. As described in paragraph [0028], the specialized sensing light of Patent Document 7 is emitted from a slit in which the light shielding layers respectively formed on the first substrate and the second substrate are notched. And a sensing light part is provided in the sensing area | region of a specific pixel (green pixel) as it exists in a [0125]-[0127] paragraph. As shown in FIG. 11 of Patent Document 7, slits for obliquely emitted light are not formed in the black matrix located on both sides of the red, green, and blue pixels of the color filter. In order to prevent a third person who is not a user of the liquid crystal display device from seeing, it is necessary to emit oblique light in both the left and right directions of the user. However, Patent Document 7 does not disclose obliquely emitted light from both sides of the red pixel, the green pixel, and the blue pixel. In Patent Document 7, as described in claim 3 and paragraphs [0065]-[0068], specialized sensing light is always emitted while the liquid crystal display device is displaying. Patent Document 7 discloses a technique for emitting oblique light when a finger approaches when the oblique light is turned off at the time of display on a liquid crystal display device, and a technique for increasing the intensity of oblique light when used for preventing finger input and third-party viewing. Is not disclosed.

JP 2010-128126 A JP 2007-65046 A JP 2009-128686 A JP 2009-129397 A JP 2007-27667 A JP 2011-65133 A WO09 / 116205

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and reduces the thickness and weight of the liquid crystal display device, maintains a high aperture ratio, performs effective viewing angle control, and performs input operations on the screen. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display substrate and a liquid crystal display device that perform high-precision detection and compensate optical sensors.

In the first aspect, the liquid crystal display substrate includes a transparent substrate and a light shielding pattern. The light shielding pattern is formed on one plane of the transparent substrate, and forms a matrix-shaped pixel opening corresponding to a plurality of pixels or subpixels in plan view. The light-shielding pattern has a light transmittance of 5% or less in the light wavelength range of 400 nm to 650 nm, a light transmittance of 50% is in the range of 670 nm to 790 nm, and has a light transmittance of longer than 700 nm. It has infrared transmission characteristics higher than the light transmittance of a wavelength of less than 700 nm, and includes a purple pigment, a green pigment, and at least one of a yellow pigment and a red pigment.

  In the second aspect, the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel has a configuration in which an array substrate and a liquid crystal display substrate face each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. The liquid crystal display substrate includes a transparent substrate and a light shielding pattern. The light shielding pattern is formed on one plane of the transparent substrate, and forms a matrix-shaped pixel opening corresponding to a plurality of pixels or subpixels in plan view. The light shielding pattern has a light transmittance of 5% or less in the light wavelength range of 400 nm to 650 nm, the light transmittance of 50% is in the range of 670 nm to 790 nm, and the transmittance of light having a wavelength longer than 700 nm. Has infrared transmission characteristics higher than the transmittance of light having a wavelength of less than 700 nm, and includes a purple pigment, a green pigment, and at least one of a yellow pigment and a red pigment. The array substrate includes active elements and electrodes, an optical sensor, and a compensating optical sensor. The active element and the electrode operate for driving the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer. The optical sensor measures light incident through the pixel opening of the liquid crystal display substrate. The compensation optical sensor measures light incident through a light shielding pattern that functions as an infrared transmission filter of the liquid crystal display substrate.

  In an aspect of the present invention, the thickness and weight of a liquid crystal display device are reduced, a high aperture ratio is maintained, effective viewing angle control is performed, input operations on a screen are detected with high accuracy, and an optical sensor Can be compensated for.

1 is an upper plan view showing an example of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an upper plan view illustrating an example of a part of the liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment. 1 is a first partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal panel according to a first embodiment. The 2nd partial sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal panel concerning a 1st embodiment. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display substrate provided in the liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment. The fragmentary sectional view which shows an example of the left half of a red subpixel. The fragmentary sectional view which shows an example of the relationship between the left half of a red sub pixel, diagonal light, and an emission state. The partial top view which shows the 1st example of the pixel electrode with which a subpixel is equipped, and a light guide electrode. The partial top view which shows the 2nd example of the pixel electrode with which a subpixel is equipped, and a light guide electrode. The fragmentary top view which shows the 3rd example of the pixel electrode with which a subpixel is equipped, and a light guide electrode. The fragmentary top view which shows the 4th example of the pixel electrode with which a subpixel is equipped, and a light guide electrode. 6 is a graph illustrating an example of spectral characteristics of a color filter according to the first embodiment. 6 is a graph showing an example of spectral characteristics of a light shielding pattern according to the first embodiment. The graph which shows an example of the reflection spectroscopy of a finger | toe. The partial cross section which shows the 1st example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The partial cross section which shows the 2nd example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The partial cross section which shows the 3rd example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The partial cross section which shows the 4th example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 5th Embodiment. The fragmentary sectional view which shows an example of the liquid crystal panel with which the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 5th Embodiment is equipped. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal panel in a state where a drive voltage is applied to one pixel electrode for display control. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal panel in a state where a driving voltage is applied to the other pixel electrode for display control. The fragmentary sectional view which shows an example of the liquid crystal panel in the state by which the drive voltage was applied to one light guide electrode for viewing angle control. The fragmentary sectional view which shows an example of the liquid crystal panel in the state by which the drive voltage was applied to the other light guide electrode for viewing angle control. The fragmentary sectional view which shows an example of the edge area | region of the liquid crystal display substrate which concerns on 5th Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same or substantially the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and will be described as necessary.

  In the following embodiments, only characteristic portions will be described, and descriptions of portions that are not different from the components of a normal liquid crystal display device will be omitted.

  In the following embodiments, a single color display unit of the liquid crystal display device is assumed to be one subpixel or one pixel.

  In the following embodiments, the liquid crystal may be a vertically aligned liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy or a horizontally aligned liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy. The rotation direction (operation direction) of the liquid crystal molecules when the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied may be parallel to the substrate surface or may be a direction rising perpendicular to the substrate surface. The direction of the liquid crystal driving voltage applied to the liquid crystal molecules may be horizontal, diagonal in two dimensions, diagonal in three dimensions, or vertical.

(First embodiment)
In the present embodiment, a normally black liquid crystal display device having an initial vertical alignment liquid crystal or an initial horizontal alignment liquid crystal will be described.

  In the present embodiment, the configuration in units of subpixels will be described, but the same configuration as in this embodiment may be applied in units of pixels.

  FIG. 1 is an upper plan view showing an example of a liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment.

  The liquid crystal display device 1 includes a display element scanning unit 2, a sensor scanning unit 3, a display element driving unit 4, a sensor reading unit 5, and a liquid crystal panel 6. The display element scanning unit 2, the sensor scanning unit 3, the display element driving unit 4, and the sensor reading unit 5 are electrically connected to the liquid crystal panel 6, respectively. A backlight unit as a light source is not shown in FIG. 1, but is provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 6. The backlight unit includes a plurality of solid state light emitting elements such as LEDs. The plurality of solid state light emitting elements are arranged at both end portions of the liquid crystal panel 6. The liquid crystal panel 6 includes a green subpixel 7G, a red subpixel 7R, and a blue subpixel 7B arranged in a matrix. The liquid crystal display device 1 is, for example, a VA method or an ECB method. A liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is used as the ECB liquid crystal. Each subpixel 7G, 7R, 7B includes a display area 8a and a sensor area 8b.

  FIG. 2 is an upper plan view showing an example of a part of the liquid crystal panel 6.

  The light shielding pattern BM divides the liquid crystal panel 6 into a green subpixel 7G, a red subpixel 7R, and a blue subpixel 7B. The light-shielding pattern BM includes a frame portion BM1 that forms pixel openings divided in a matrix in a plan view, and a central portion BM2 that divides the pixel openings by a vertical center line in a plan view. The pixel opening has a shape that is long in the vertical direction in plan view. A transparent pattern 9 is formed on the side of the light shielding pattern BM that partitions each subpixel. A green filter 10G is provided in the pixel opening of the green subpixel 7G. A red filter 10R is provided in the pixel opening of the red subpixel 7R. A blue filter 10B is provided in the pixel opening of the blue subpixel 7B. FIG. 2 shows the positional relationship between the two optical sensors 11g and 11r and the compensating optical sensor 11b in plan view. The optical sensor 11g overlaps the green filter 10G. The optical sensor 11r overlaps with the red filter 10R. The optical sensor 11b overlaps the frame portion BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM. The light shielding pattern BM has characteristics as an infrared transmission filter.

  The optical sensors 11g and 11r and the compensating optical sensor 11b are formed on the array substrate side, and for example, a light receiving element such as a photodiode is used.

  The green computing unit 12g of the computing unit 12 subtracts the measured value Vir of the compensation optical sensor 11b from the measured value Vg of the optical sensor 11g.

  The red calculation unit 12r of the calculation unit 12 subtracts the measurement value Vir of the compensation optical sensor 11b from the measurement value Vr of the optical sensor 11r.

  The A-A ′ cross section and B-B ′ cross section of FIG. 2 are FIGS. 3 and 4 described later, respectively.

  FIG. 3 is a first partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal panel 6 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 2. The optical sensor 11g faces the green filter 10G of the liquid crystal display substrate 13. The optical sensor 11r faces the red filter 10R of the liquid crystal display substrate 13. The compensation optical sensor 11b faces the frame portion BM1 of the light shielding filter BM that functions as an infrared transmission filter. A light shielding film 14 for shielding light from the backlight unit is formed below the optical sensors 11g and 11r and the compensating optical sensor 11b.

  FIG. 4 is a second partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal panel 6 according to the present embodiment. 4 is a B-B ′ cross section of FIG. 2.

  FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display substrate 13 provided in the liquid crystal panel 6.

  The liquid crystal panel 6 includes comb-like pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and light guide electrodes 15e and 15f for driving the liquid crystal. FIG. 4 is a cross section perpendicular to the major axis direction of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f. In FIG. 4, the vertical alignment film, the polarizing plate, the retardation plate, and the optical sensors 11g, 11r, and 11b are omitted.

  The pixel electrodes 15a and 15b are electrically connected to the active element 16a. The pixel electrodes 15c and 15d are electrically connected to the active element 16b. The light guide electrode 15e is electrically connected to the active element 16c. The light guide electrode 15f is electrically connected to the active element 16d. The light guide electrodes 15e and 15f may be connected to the same active element.

  As the active elements 16a to 16d, for example, TFTs (thin film transistors) can be used.

  The liquid crystal panel 6 has a configuration in which the array substrate 17 and the liquid crystal display substrate 13 face each other with the liquid crystal layer 18 interposed therebetween. When a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied between the pixel electrodes 15 a to 15 d of the array substrate 17 and the counter electrode 19 of the liquid crystal display substrate 13, the liquid crystal display device 1 emits light toward the viewer (user). When a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied between the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f of the array substrate 17 and the counter electrode 19 of the liquid crystal display substrate 13, the liquid crystal display device 1 prevents a third person who is not an observer from seeing. For this purpose, oblique light is emitted.

  The planar view shape of the pixel openings of the polygonal subpixels arranged in a matrix is, for example, a square, a rectangle, a parallelogram, or a dogleg shape (“V” shape or boomerang type). It is good also as a polygon where opposing sides are mutually parallel like a square. In the example of FIG. 4, the liquid crystal display substrate 13 includes a transparent pattern 9 on at least two sides facing each other among the sides of a matrix-shaped light shielding pattern BM that partitions a plurality of polygonal subpixels on a plane. The linear transparent pattern 9 formed by the transparent resin layer is sandwiched between the frame portions BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM. In the liquid crystal display device 1, the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 that pass through the transparent pattern 9 are used for viewing angle control. The thickness of the transparent pattern 9 in the vertical direction may be formed thicker than the thickness of the light shielding pattern BM in the vertical direction. In this case, the transparent pattern 9 protrudes closer to the liquid crystal layer 18 than the light shielding pattern BM. Further, in the liquid crystal display substrate 13, the portion where the transparent pattern 9 is formed may be thicker than other components such as the portion where the color filter layer 10 including the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B is formed. Good.

  In the present embodiment, polygonal subpixels such as the green subpixel 7G, the red subpixel 7R, and the blue subpixel 7B indicate the minimum display unit. A set of green subpixel 7G, red subpixel 7R, and blue subpixel 7B may be pixels (picture elements).

  In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 18 includes vertical alignment liquid crystal (VA liquid crystal). Therefore, the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 18 is basically perpendicular to the substrate surface. In FIG. 4, liquid crystals L2 and L15 in the vicinity of the boundary between the transparent pattern 9 and the frame portion BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM, and liquid crystals L8 and L9 in the vicinity of the recess 20 formed along the central portion BM2 of the light shielding pattern BM. Except for this, the liquid crystals L1, L3 to L7, L10 to L14, and L16 are aligned perpendicular to the surfaces of the liquid crystal display substrate 13 and the array substrate 17.

  In this embodiment, a vertical alignment film is used, but alignment processing such as photo-alignment and rubbing can be omitted. As will be described later, this embodiment does not require strict pretilt angle control such as 89 degrees, which is necessary in the conventional VA method, and a simple initial vertically aligned liquid crystal such as 90 degrees is used. Can be used.

  In the present embodiment, a liquid crystal material containing a fluorine atom in its molecular structure (hereinafter referred to as a fluorine-based liquid crystal) can be used as the liquid crystal material. In the present embodiment, in the horizontal direction, the common electrodes 21a to 21f protrude from the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f in the direction of the transparent pattern 9, that is, the side direction of the pixel opening of the subpixel. ing. When a voltage for driving the liquid crystal is applied, a substantially strong electric field is generated between the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f and the protruding portions of the common electrodes 21a to 21f. For this reason, in this embodiment, the liquid crystal can be driven using a liquid crystal material having a low dielectric constant anisotropy smaller than that of a liquid crystal material used for conventional vertical alignment. In general, a liquid crystal material having a small dielectric anisotropy has a low viscosity. Accordingly, when the same electric field strength is applied between the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f and the common electrodes 21a to 21f, a liquid crystal material having a small dielectric anisotropy is a conventional liquid crystal material. Faster response than liquid crystal material. In addition, since the fluorine-based liquid crystal has a low dielectric constant, it is possible to reduce the uptake of ionic impurities, to prevent performance deterioration such as a decrease in voltage holding ratio due to impurities, and to generate display unevenness. Can be suppressed.

  Unlike the liquid crystal display device with initial vertical alignment, the liquid crystal display device 1 with initial vertical alignment does not require strict alignment of the optical axes of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate attached to both surfaces or one surface of the liquid crystal display device 1. In the liquid crystal display device 1 with the initial vertical alignment, the retardation when no voltage is applied is, for example, 0 nm.

  In the liquid crystal display device 1 with the initial vertical alignment, even if there is some deviation between the liquid crystal and, for example, the slow axis of the polarizing plate, light leakage hardly occurs and almost complete black display can be obtained. . On the other hand, when there is an optical axis misalignment of several degrees between the liquid crystal in the initial horizontal alignment and the polarizing plate, light leakage occurs and the contrast of the liquid crystal display device is slightly deteriorated compared with the liquid crystal in the initial vertical alignment. There is a case.

  In the present embodiment, the array substrate 17 includes pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, and common electrodes 21a to 21f for each polygonal subpixel. Different potentials are applied to the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, and the common electrodes 21a to 21f in order to drive the liquid crystal. The array substrate 3 may not include the common electrodes 21a to 21f. In this case, the liquid crystal panel 6 does not include the common electrodes 21a to 21f, the pixel substrate 15a to 15d, the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, the array substrate including the active elements 16a to 16d, the liquid crystal display substrate 13, and the liquid crystal layer. 18. When the common electrodes 21a to 21f are omitted, the planar shape of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f is a comb-like pattern or a plurality of slit-like openings formed in a solid transparent conductive film. A pattern or a stripe pattern may be used.

  4 and 5 includes a transparent substrate 22, a light shielding pattern BM and a transparent pattern 9, a counter electrode 19, a color filter layer 10, and a protective layer 23.

  In the liquid crystal display substrate 13, the light shielding pattern BM and the transparent pattern 9 are formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 22 such as glass. A counter electrode 19, which is a transparent conductive film, is formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 22 on which the light shielding pattern BM and the transparent pattern 9 are formed. Next, the color filter layer 10 including the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B is formed on the counter electrode 19. In the present embodiment, a green filter 10G, a red filter 10R, and a blue filter 10B are formed on the counter electrode 19 in the vertical direction and between the frame portions BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM in the horizontal direction, respectively. Thereby, the structure by which the light shielding pattern BM1 was formed in the edge part of the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B is obtained. A protective layer 23 is formed on the counter electrode 19 and the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B as necessary. The concave portion 20 is formed in the central portion of the protective layer 23 in the vertical direction for each subpixel in plan view. By forming the concave portion 20, the liquid crystal molecules L8 and L9 in the vicinity of the concave portion 20 can be inclined at a predetermined angle in advance. Thereby, the liquid crystal molecules can be effectively tilted when the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied.

  The protective layer 23 side of the liquid crystal display substrate 13 is the liquid crystal layer 18 side of the liquid crystal display device 1. The transparent substrate 22 side of the liquid crystal display substrate 13 is an observer side.

  In the present embodiment, the oblique lights Z 1 and Z 2 pass through the transparent pattern 9. Viewing angle control is realized by the oblique lights Z1 and Z2.

  The array substrate 17 includes a transparent substrate 24, a light shielding film 14, an insulating layer 25a, optical sensors 11g and 11r, a compensation optical sensor 11b, an insulating layer 25b, common electrodes 21a to 21f, an insulating layer 25c, and a pixel electrode 15a for image display. To 15d, light guide electrodes 15e and 15f for viewing angle control, active elements 16a and 16b for image display, and active elements 16c and 16d for viewing angle control.

  The light shielding film 14 is formed on one surface of a transparent substrate 24 such as glass. For the light shielding film 14, for example, metal wiring such as active elements 16a to 16d can be used. The light shielding film 14 may be, for example, one of a video signal line, a scanning signal line, a common electrode wiring, or a common conductor wiring used for preventing electrostatic breakdown of the TFT element when the alignment film is rubbed. In order to avoid electrical crosstalk and inadvertent parasitic capacitance formation, the vertical distance between the light shielding film 14 and the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f may be increased.

  The insulating layer 25a is formed on the transparent substrate 24 on which the light shielding film 14 is formed.

  The optical sensors 2a and 2b and the compensating optical sensor are formed on the insulating layer 10a. Each of the optical sensors 11g and 11r overlaps the green filter 10g and the red filter 10R in a plan view, and detects light that has entered from the viewer side and passed through the green filter 10G and the red filter 10R. The compensation optical sensor 11b overlaps with the frame portion BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM in a plan view, and measures signal compensation data.

  The optical sensors 11g and 11r are provided for pixels or subpixels adjacent to each other.

  The compensating optical sensor 11b is provided for a pixel or subpixel adjacent to the optical sensors 11g and 11r.

  The insulating layer 25b is formed on the optical sensors 11g and 11r and the compensating optical sensor 11b.

  The common electrodes 21a to 21f are formed on the insulating layer 25b.

  The insulating layer 25c is formed on the common electrodes 21a to 21f.

  The image display pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the viewing angle control light guide electrodes 15e and 15f are formed on the insulating layer 25c.

  The image display liquid crystal drive element 16a is electrically connected to the image display pixel electrodes 15a and 15b. The image display liquid crystal drive element 16b is electrically connected to the image display pixel electrodes 15c and 15d.

  The viewing angle control liquid crystal drive elements 15e and 15f are electrically connected to the viewing angle control light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, respectively.

  In the array substrate 17, the other surface side of the transparent substrate 24 is the back surface side of the liquid crystal panel 6, and the formation side of the pixel electrodes 15 a to 15 d and the light guide electrodes 15 e and 15 f is the liquid crystal layer 18 side.

  FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the left half of the red subpixel 10R.

  FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the relationship between the left half of the red sub-pixel 10R and the emission state of the oblique light Z1.

  In these FIGS. 6 and 7, only the left side from the central axis X of the red sub-pixel 10R is shown in order to simplify the description. 6 and 7, the vertical alignment film, the polarizing plate, the retardation film, and the TFT are not shown.

  In FIG. 6, the drive voltage is not applied, and the liquid crystal molecules L1, L3 to L7 and the like are in the initial alignment vertical state. The liquid crystal molecules L2 close to the surface of the transparent pattern 9 are slightly inclined because the transparent pattern 9 protrudes toward the liquid crystal layer 18 side.

  FIG. 7 shows a state in which drive voltages are applied to at least the pixel electrodes 15a and 15b and the light guide electrode 15e, and the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L8 are tilted in the arrow direction. The oblique light Z1 passes through the liquid crystal layer 18 obliquely, passes through a polarizing plate (not shown), and is emitted to the outside as leakage light. In this case, the transparent pattern 9 is visually recognized as black display from the observer direction, but the oblique light Z1 is observed by a third party in the oblique direction and is not visually recognized as black display.

  The amount and angle θ of the oblique light Z1 are the width W1 of the transparent pattern 9, the width W2 of the light shielding pattern BM1, the thickness H1 of the transparent pattern 9, the thickness Ht of the transparent pattern 9, the counter electrode 19 and the protective layer 23, The thickness Lt of the liquid crystal layer 18, the width W3 of the light shielding film 14, the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules L2 close to the surface of the transparent pattern 9, and the like can be controlled.

  Note that the oblique light Z1 does not need to be emitted constantly, and can be used in a use scene that an observer needs for security. For example, the observer may always use the liquid crystal display device 1 in a wide viewing angle mode with a large contrast without using the oblique light Z1, and switch to the security mode in which the oblique light Z1 is emitted when necessary. it can. Specific means for this switching will be described later.

  The pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, and the common electrodes 21a to 21f having a comb-like pattern are formed by electrically connecting two or more linear conductors having a width of 2 μm to 20 μm, for example. The connecting portion of the linear conductors may be formed only on one side or may be formed on both sides. The connecting portion is a peripheral portion of the polygonal subpixel, and is preferably disposed outside the pixel opening. The interval of the comb-like pattern is, for example, in the range of about 3 μm to 100 μm, and is selected based on the liquid crystal cell conditions and the liquid crystal material. The formation density, pitch, and electrode width of the comb-like pattern can be changed within the subpixel or within the pixel. In the horizontal direction, the common electrodes 21a to 21f protrude beyond the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f toward the end of the pixel opening. The amount of protrusion N1 between the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f and the common electrodes 21a to 21f in the horizontal direction can be variously adjusted depending on dimensions such as liquid crystal material, driving conditions, and liquid crystal cell thickness. . As the protrusion amount N1, for example, a small amount such as 1 μm to 6 μm is sufficient. The overlapping portion W4 between the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f and the common electrodes 21a to 21f can be used as an auxiliary capacitor for driving the liquid crystal. Depending on the size or purpose of use of the liquid crystal display device 1, the comb-teeth pattern of the pixel electrodes 15 a to 15 d and the light guide electrodes 15 e and 15 f and the common electrodes 21 a to 21 f in the sub-pixel or pixel comb width direction. The number, density, and interval can be adjusted as appropriate.

  FIG. 8 is a partial plan view showing a first example of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f provided in the subpixel.

  FIG. 9 is a partial plan view illustrating a second example of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f provided in the subpixel.

  8 and 9, the sub-pixel is formed in a rectangular shape, and the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f are opposed to each other in the sub-pixel and are parallel to two parallel sides. .

  In the present embodiment, one pixel or one subpixel may include a plurality of active elements. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9, the pixel display active elements 16a and 16b may be connected to the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, and the viewing angle control active element 16c may be connected to the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f. . In FIG. 9, pixel electrodes 15a and 15b, pixel electrodes 15c and 15d, and light guide electrodes 15e and 15f are electrically independent. In this way, by using a configuration in which the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f are connected to the active element 16c and the pixel electrodes 15a and 15b and the pixel electrodes 15c and 15d are connected to the active elements 16a and 16b, respectively, the oblique light Z1, The viewing angle control by Z2 can be performed independently of the pixel display, and the viewing angle control effect can be significantly improved. In normal pixel display with a wide viewing angle, for example, even if the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f connected to the viewing angle control active element 16c are not driven (the drive voltage is not applied), the pixel display active element High-quality display may be performed with a wide viewing angle by the oblique electric field effect from the pixel electrodes 15 a to 15 d connected to 16 a and 16 b toward the counter electrode 19. In addition, by forming the active elements 16a to 16c with an oxide semiconductor, the line width of the light shielding pattern BM can be reduced, and the aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display device 1 can be improved.

  FIG. 10 is a partial plan view showing a third example of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f provided in the subpixel.

  The red subpixel R, the green subpixel G, and the blue subpixel B have a parallelogram shape. The red subpixel R, the green subpixel G, and the blue subpixel B are arranged in the horizontal direction. In the vertical direction, sub-pixels of the same color are arranged.

  The comb-like pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f are parallel to two parallel oblique sides of the parallelogram-shaped subpixel.

  Arrows F1 to F4 indicate directions in which the liquid crystal falls after the drive voltage is applied. After the drive voltage is applied, the liquid crystal falls in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f.

  As a modification of FIG. 10, sub-pixels of the same color may be arranged in the horizontal direction, and red sub-pixels R, green sub-pixels G, and blue sub-pixels B of different colors may be arranged in the vertical direction.

  The material of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, and the common electrodes 21a to 21f on the array substrate 17 side of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment is a conductive material that is transparent in the visible range, such as ITO. These metal oxides can be used. As a material for the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, and the common electrodes 21a to 21f, a metal having higher conductivity than the metal oxide may be used. In a reflective or transflective liquid crystal display device, an aluminum or aluminum alloy thin film may be used for at least one of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, and the common electrodes 21a to 21f. Good. The light shielding film 14 connected to the active elements 16a to 16c, the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d, the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, the common electrodes 21a to 21f, and the like include an insulating layer 25a such as silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxide (SiOx). ~ 25c. The film thicknesses of the insulating layers 25a to 25c are set according to the driving conditions of the liquid crystal, and are selected in the range of, for example, 100 nm to 600 nm. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-105424 discloses a technique for forming signal lines such as gate wirings and source wirings with a single layer of an aluminum alloy having low contact with ITO, which is a conductive metal oxide. It is disclosed. It is preferable to further stack an insulating layer on the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f because there is a mitigating effect of liquid crystal burn-in (influence of charge bias or accumulation) when driving the liquid crystal.

  FIG. 11 is a partial plan view showing a fourth example of the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f provided in the subpixel.

  The planar shape of the sub-pixel may be a “shape” having opposite sides parallel to each other.

  FIG. 12 is a graph showing an example of spectral characteristics of the color filter according to the present embodiment.

  The color filter layer 10 applied to the liquid crystal display device 1 includes a green filter 10G, a red filter 10R, and a blue filter 10B. A curve GL is the spectral characteristic of the green filter 10G. A curve RL is a spectral characteristic of the red filter 10R. A curve BL is a spectral characteristic of the blue filter 10B.

  The half-value wavelength Gp of the green filter 10G having a transmittance of 50% outside the visible region (infrared region) is approximately 790 nm. The half-value wavelength Bp at which the transmittance of the blue filter 10B is 50% is approximately 800 nm. The half-value wavelength Rp at which the transmittance of the red filter 10R is 50% is approximately 600 nm. The transmittances of the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B at wavelengths longer than 700 nm are different among the three colors.

  The infrared transmission filter applied to the compensation optical sensor 11b functioning as an infrared sensor, that is, the infrared transmittance of the light shielding pattern BM is required to have a high transmittance for light having a wavelength longer than 700 nm, for example. As will be described later, in order to perform skin color recognition for finger input, the same calculation is performed on the measurement value of the green measurement optical sensor 11g and the measurement value of the red measurement optical sensor 11r. For compensation, it is preferable to perform an operation (for example, subtraction) so that a measurement value outside the visible region (for example, a wavelength longer than 670 nm to 690 nm or longer than 700 nm) does not remain as much as possible. In other words, the measurement value of the green measurement optical sensor 11g and the measurement value of the red measurement optical sensor 11r are lower than 700 nm, which is the visible range, so as to be as close to the amount of visible light as possible. It should be modified so that measurements in the wavelength range are detected. At least the measured value of the green measurement optical sensor 11g should be extracted with a light quantity in a shorter wavelength range than the half-value wavelength Gp at which the transmittance outside the visible range (infrared wavelength range) of the green filter 10G is 50%. .

  FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of spectral characteristics of the light shielding pattern BM according to the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, for example, light shielding patterns Blk1 and Blk2 are used as infrared transmission filters. In the transmittance characteristics of the light shielding patterns Blk1 and Blk2, the half-value wavelengths P1 and P2 belong to a range of about 670 nm to 790 nm. In this case, the measured values in the wavelength range longer than the half-value wavelengths P1 and P2 at which the transmittance outside the visible range (infrared range) of the green filter 10G and the red filter 10r described above is 50% are the measured values of the optical sensor 11g and the optical sensor. It can be subtracted from the measured value of 11r.

  In general, red pigments and green pigments used as color filters for the liquid crystal display device 1, C.I. I. As shown in FIG. 13, the transmittance of the black light-shielding pattern Blk3 obtained by mixing a blue pigment typified by Pigment Blue 15 has a rise in transmittance in the infrared region of about 800 nm. When this general shading filter Blk3 is used, many measurement values outside the visible range in the wavelength range of 700 nm to 800 nm may remain after the calculation. In addition, since the transmittances of the green filter 10G and the red filter 10R on the long wavelength side after 670 nm are different, it is difficult to perform accurate calculation (subtraction) in the light shielding pattern Blk3 shown in FIG.

  As will be described later, it is not a combination of a red pigment, a green pigment, and a blue pigment. I. Pigment Violet 23 as a main pigment, and a light-shielding pattern BM in which a green pigment, at least one of a yellow pigment and a red pigment are mixed, is used as an infrared transmission filter. Calculations (subtraction) that reduce the measured values (wavelength longer than P2) very well are possible.

  The light shielding pattern BM according to the present embodiment desirably has a transmittance in the visible range of 5% or less. The visible region is usually 400 nm to 700 nm in terms of light wavelength. As described above, in order to set the half-value wavelength of the light shielding pattern BM within the range of 670 nm to 790 nm, the infrared transmittance needs to rise from around 660 nm and the transmittance needs to be high. The wavelength range of low transmittance of the light shielding pattern BM may be 400 nm to 650 nm. Note that setting the transmittance of the light shielding pattern BM to a low value of 5% or less in the range of 400 nm to 650 nm increases the amount of pigment contained in the light shielding pattern BM or increases the thickness of the light shielding pattern BM. This can be realized very easily. Similarly, the wavelength positions of the half-value wavelengths P1 and P2 can be easily adjusted based on the amount of pigment, the composition ratio of a violet pigment, a green pigment, a yellow pigment, and a red pigment, which will be described later, and the film thickness of the light shielding pattern BM. Can do. As the green pigment applied to the light shielding pattern BM, various green pigments described later can be applied. In order to set the half-value wavelength of the light-shielding pattern BM in the range from 670 nm to 790 nm, the green pigment is preferably a green pigment having a rising infrared transmittance (for example, half-value wavelength) in the range from 700 nm to 800 nm. The adjustment for setting the half-value wavelength in the range of 670 nm to 790 nm is realized mainly based on the violet pigment and the green pigment.

  Hereinafter, the relationship between the optical sensor 11g, the optical sensor 11r, the compensation optical sensor 11b, which is one of the main technologies of this embodiment, and skin color recognition related to finger input will be described.

  FIG. 14 is a graph showing an example of finger reflection spectroscopy.

  The spectral reflectance of the finger has a broad reflection color at about 450 nm to 700 nm. The spectral reflectance of the finger is greatly different among individuals and is easily affected by light scattering inside the finger. Melanin and hemoglobin are the center of finger coloring. The skin color of the finger is divided into a green region and a red region shown in FIG. 14, and is easily matched with color separation by the green filter 10g and the red filter 10r.

  In general, a silicon photodiode formed of amorphous silicon or polysilicon has sensitivity in a long wavelength region after 700 nm (e.g., equivalent to an infrared region) and easily generates a dark current. The amount of dark current of a silicon photodiode has temperature dependence. Therefore, in the optical sensors 11g and 11r such as silicon-based photodiodes, the measured value can be compensated by a calculation process of subtracting a certain amount of received light in the long wavelength region and a certain amount of dark current from the measured value (received light sensitivity). it can.

  In the present embodiment, a green measurement optical sensor 11g and a red measurement optical sensor 11r are used as the visible range optical sensors. The two optical sensors 11g and 11r perform the same amount of sensitivity compensation including temperature compensation. In the present embodiment, since the optical sensor for blue measurement is not used, compensation for the optical sensor for blue measurement is not considered.

  When a certain amount of external light is incident on each of the optical sensors 11g and 11r, if the measured value of the optical sensor 11g is Vg, the measured value of the optical sensor 11r is Vr, and the measured value of the compensating optical sensor 11b is Vir, The green compensation measurement value (net sensitivity) Cg is obtained by equation (1). The red compensation measurement value Cr is obtained by equation (2).

Cg = Vg-Vir (1)
Cr = Vr−Vir (2)
The sensor region 8b including the optical sensors 11g and 11r and the compensation optical sensor 11b may include a transistor that performs signal processing of the light receiving element or a diode that performs subtraction processing.

  Hereinafter, another role different from the viewing angle control of the transparent pattern 9 will be described.

  The corrected measurement values Cg and Cr depend on the settings of the optical sensors 11g and 11r and the compensation optical sensor 11b and the external light environment, and can be recognized as skin color when the finger approaches the liquid crystal panel 6 to some extent (for example, a distance of 6 mm or less). It tends to be a numerical value. When performing a finger input, since the liquid crystal panel 6 is not completely black, the reflected light of the backlight built in the liquid crystal display device 1 and the ambient light from the surrounding environment are used. It is possible to recognize a finger. In recognition of the skin color of a finger, it can be recognized that the finger is approaching if there is a certain level of brightness. When the approach of the finger is recognized, the oblique light Z1 and Z2 can be emitted from the slit-like transparent pattern 9, and the three-dimensional position and movement of the finger can be recognized with high accuracy. In this operation, it is not necessary to always emit the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 in the normal display state, and it is possible to prevent deterioration in image quality and contrast due to the oblique emission light.

  For example, when it is necessary to prevent third-party visibility for ensuring security, the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 having higher intensity than the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 for finger recognition are emitted. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 1 may be provided with a function of switching the emission intensity of the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 in a plurality of stages.

  It is desirable that the observer pre-registers the color of his / her finger using the setting screen when the liquid crystal display device 1 is initially set. Also, it requires a delicate operational feeling such as giving a touch of input with a push button or trackball displayed in 3D (stereoscopic display) or touching an animal such as a pet in a 3D game. In such a case, the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 may be emitted. By emitting oblique lights Z1 and Z2 having a constant intensity, it is possible to accurately recognize a distance of several millimeters between the finger and the liquid crystal screen. In the initial setting, for example, white display including oblique light emission is performed on a specific portion of the liquid crystal panel 6 so that the observer's finger is recognized in advance. In the present embodiment, various input indicators such as a resin pen having colors such as white, flesh color, green, and red may be used instead of the finger.

  The liquid crystal display device 1 includes optical sensors 11g and 11r and a compensating optical sensor 11b in a plurality of adjacent subpixels. For this reason, the liquid crystal display device 1 may directly receive an input to the display screen using a pointer of a light beam such as a red laser, a green laser, or an infrared ray. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display device 1 can realize a scanner function by outputting obliquely emitted light over the entire screen. In other words, the liquid crystal display device 1 can be used as a simple copy machine.

  Hereinafter, various components in the present embodiment will be described.

  The light-shielding pattern BM is a light-shielding pattern arranged around a pixel (picture element) or subpixel, which is the minimum unit of display, or on both sides of a polygonal pixel or polygonal subpixel, in order to increase the contrast of the liquid crystal display. It is a pattern. The light shielding pattern BM may be referred to as a black matrix. In the present embodiment, at least one of the two opposite sides of the frame portion BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM that partitions the polygonal pixel or the polygonal subpixel is a linear opening at the center of the frame portion BM1 in plan view. have. A transparent pattern 9 is formed in the linear opening. The light shielding layer that forms the light shielding pattern BM is a light shielding film in which a light shielding pigment is dispersed in a transparent resin. The light shielding layer generally has photosensitivity. The light shielding pattern BM is generated by patterning the light shielding layer by a photolithography method including exposure and development.

  The transparent pattern 9 is generated by patterning a transparent resin or an acrylic resin, or by applying and forming a transparent resin. The transparent pattern 9 may contain a slight amount of pigment, ultraviolet absorber, or infrared absorber. The transparent pattern 9 is formed of a transparent resin having a high transmittance in the visible range. Either the light shielding pattern BM or the transparent pattern 9 may be formed first.

  In the present embodiment, a planar view shape of a pixel or a subpixel is a polygon whose opposite sides are parallel, such as a rectangle, a parallelogram, and a polygonal polygon.

  Considering the emission direction of the oblique light 8 used for viewing angle control, the plane shape of the sub-pixel is preferably a combination of parallelograms shown in FIG. 10 or a “U” shape polygon shown in FIG. In particular, when displaying characters on the liquid crystal panel 6, the visibility of third parties is effectively reduced by applying the parallelogram sub-pixels of FIG. 10 whose emission direction changes for each constituent sub-pixel of the character display. Can be made. A method in which two or more active elements 16a to 16d are formed for one subpixel, and the pixel electrodes 15a to 15d and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f are divided and driven by different active elements 16a and 16b and active elements 16c and 16d. Is applied, the contribution of the pixel shape factor is slightly reduced. This is because in this case, the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 can be controlled separately from the display by the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f. Furthermore, in order to effectively reduce the third-party visibility by the oblique lights Z1 and Z2 using the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, the drive voltage signal may be randomized, and the shape and arrangement of the transparent pattern 9 may be randomized. May be. Furthermore, forming two or more active elements 16a to 16d for one sub-pixel can emit oblique light Z1 and Z2 when necessary, so that as described above, Recognition can be performed with higher accuracy. When it is not necessary to prevent the third party from seeing, the transparent pattern 9 may not be formed on the frame portion BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM of the liquid crystal display device.

  In the present embodiment, the relative dielectric constant of color filters such as the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B is a relatively important characteristic. The relative permittivity of the color filter is determined almost uniquely by the ratio of the organic pigment added as a colorant to the transparent resin (color reproduction as a color filter). The type and content of the organic pigment in the color filter are set based on the color purity required for the liquid crystal display device 1, and the relative permittivity of the color filter is substantially determined according to this setting. In the present embodiment, the relative permittivity can be increased to 4 or more by increasing the ratio of the organic pigment and making the color filter thin. By using a high refractive index material as the transparent resin, the relative permittivity of the color filter can be slightly increased. The relative dielectric constant of the color filter using the organic pigment is set in a range of approximately 2.9 to 4.5. The value of the relative dielectric constant between the sub-pixels of different colors may be within ± 0.3 in order to avoid color unevenness and light leakage in the liquid crystal display. In the liquid crystal display device 1 of the driving method or FFS (Fringe-Field Switching) method according to the present embodiment, when the difference in relative dielectric constant between color filters exceeds 0.8 or 1.0, the color in the liquid crystal display Unevenness or light leakage may occur. The relative permittivity of the color filter can be suppressed to 4.4 or less by selecting an organic pigment that is a colorant and a pigment ratio, and selecting a material such as a base resin and a dispersion material.

  As an organic pigment of the green filter 10G, a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment is preferable to a halogenated copper phthalocyanine green pigment.

  The green filter 10G of a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment has a steep spectral characteristic curve and has a higher transmittance than the green pigment of a halogenated copper phthalocyanine.

  By using a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment as a colorant for the green filter 10G, the relative permittivity of the green filter 10G can be reduced, and can approach the relative permittivity of the red filter 10R and the blue filter 10B. It becomes easy. A green filter using a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment has a lower dielectric constant than a green filter of a halogenated copper phthalocyanine that has been generally used as a green pigment. By using the halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment for the green filter 10G, the relative permittivity of the green filter 10G can be made substantially equal to the relative permittivity of the red filter 10R and the blue filter 10B. For example, when the relative permittivity of each of the blue filter 10B and the red filter 10R at a film thickness of 2.8 μm is measured at a liquid crystal drive frequency such as a voltage of 5 V, 120 Hz, and 240 Hz, the relative permittivity is about 3 to 3.9. Enter the range. The relative dielectric constant of the green filter 10G using a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment as a main color material (a yellow pigment may be added as a color adjustment) is about 3.4 to 3.7. The relative dielectric constant of the green filter 10G The rate can be substantially matched with the relative dielectric constants of the other two colors of the red filter 10R and the blue filter 10B. In contrast to the liquid crystal display device 1 having a configuration in which a color filter is formed on the common electrode 19 (transparent electrode) as in the present embodiment, or a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device 1 called IPS, a green filter is used. It is preferable to match the relative dielectric constants of 10G, red filter 10R, and blue filter 10B. If the relative permittivity of each of the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B is the same level, it is possible to eliminate adverse effects such as light leakage because the relative permittivity of the color filter is different when the liquid crystal is driven. For example, the relative permittivity of a green filter mainly composed of halogenated copper phthalocyanine is about 4.4 to 4.6, which is considerably larger than the relative permittivity of the red filter 10R and the blue filter 10B.

  In liquid crystal drive, when the rise of the liquid crystal is fast on the short wavelength side (blue subpixel) and slow on the long wavelength side (red subpixel), the relative permittivity of the colored subpixel is set in the order of the wavelength of the light. You may adjust. By making the relative dielectric constant of the color filter constituent member smaller than the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal display device 1, conditions that do not hinder the liquid crystal drive can be obtained. In the spectral characteristics of the green filter 10G using a zinc halide phthalo green pigment, maintaining the blue transmittance at a low level and maintaining the green transmittance at a light wavelength of 530 nm high is the same as in this embodiment. This is preferable for compensating the sensors 11g and 11r. For the formation of the color filter, a photosensitive acrylic resin is usually used. In general, the relative dielectric constant of a transparent resin such as an acrylic resin is approximately 2.8. In the present embodiment, the lower limit of the relative dielectric constant of the colored subpixel, which is an organic pigment dispersion, is approximately 2.9.

  In the present embodiment described above, the viewing angle control of the liquid crystal display device 1 can be realized without using the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel or the viewing control pixels. In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display device 1 can be prevented from becoming heavy and thick, and the aperture ratio can be prevented from being lowered, so that viewing angle control can be performed effectively. In the present embodiment, the measurement values of the optical sensors 11g and 11r are compensated, and an input operation on the screen can be detected with high accuracy.

(Second Embodiment)
In the present embodiment, examples of various materials such as a transparent resin and an organic pigment used for the liquid crystal display substrate 13 according to the first embodiment will be described.

<Transparent resin>
The photosensitive coloring composition used for the formation of the light shielding pattern BM or the color filter further contains a polyfunctional monomer, a photosensitive resin or a non-photosensitive resin, a polymerization initiator, a solvent and the like in addition to the pigment dispersion. The highly transparent organic resins used in this embodiment, such as a photosensitive resin or a non-photosensitive resin, are collectively referred to as a transparent resin.

  The transparent resin includes a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and a photosensitive resin. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include butyral resin, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane resin, and polyester resin. Acrylic resins, alkyd resins, polystyrene resins, polyamide resins, rubber resins, cyclized rubber resins, celluloses, polybutadiene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide resins, and the like are used. As the thermosetting resin, for example, epoxy resin, benzoguanamine resin, rosin-modified maleic acid resin, rosin-modified fumaric acid resin, melamine resin, urea resin, phenol resin and the like are used. As the thermosetting resin, a material obtained by reacting a melamine resin and a compound containing an isocyanate group may be used.

<Alkali-soluble resin>
For the formation of the light shielding pattern BM, the transparent pattern 9 and the color filter used in the present embodiment, it is preferable to use a photosensitive resin composition capable of forming a pattern by photolithography. These transparent resins are desirably resins imparted with alkali solubility. The alkali-soluble resin may be a resin containing a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group. For example, as the alkali-soluble resin, an epoxy acrylate resin, a novolac resin, a polyvinylphenol resin, an acrylic resin, a carboxyl group-containing epoxy resin, a carboxyl group-containing urethane resin, or the like is used. Among these, epoxy acrylate resins, novolak resins, and acrylic resins are preferable, and epoxy acrylate resins or novolak resins are particularly preferable.

<Acrylic resin>
The following acrylic resin can be illustrated as a representative of transparent resin which concerns on this embodiment.

  As an acrylic resin, as a monomer, for example, (meth) acrylic acid; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate pen Alkyl (meth) acrylates such as zil (meth) acrylate and lauryl (meth) acrylate; hydroxyl-containing (meth) acrylates such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate; ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate and glycidyl ( Ether group-containing (meth) acrylates such as meth) acrylate; and alicyclic (meth) acrylates such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth) acrylate, etc. Resulting Te polymer is used.

  The above monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the acrylic resin according to the present embodiment, a copolymer with a compound such as styrene, cyclohexylmaleimide, and phenylmaleimide that can be copolymerized with these monomers may be used.

  In order to obtain a resin having photosensitivity, for example, a carboxylic acid having an ethylenically unsaturated group such as (meth) acrylic acid is copolymerized, and the resulting copolymer is combined with an epoxy group such as glycidyl methacrylate and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. You may make it react with the compound containing a heavy bond. In order to obtain a resin having photosensitivity, (meth) acrylic acid is added to an epoxy group-containing (meth) acrylate polymer such as glycidyl methacrylate, or a copolymer of this polymer and other (meth) acrylates. It is also possible to add a carboxylic acid-containing compound such as

<Organic pigment>
Examples of red pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Red 7, 9, 14, 41, 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 81: 1, 81: 2, 81: 3, 97, 122, 123, 146, 149, 168, 177, 178, 179, 180, 184, 185, 187, 192, 200, 202, 208, 210, 215, 216, 217, 220, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 240, 242, 246, 254, 255, 264, 272, 279, etc. can be used.

  Examples of yellow pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 24, 31, 32, 34, 35, 35: 1, 36, 36: 1, 37, 37: 1, 40, 42, 43, 53, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 73, 74, 77, 81, 83, 86, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 139, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 1 Or the like can be used 3,174,175,176,177,179,180,181,182,185,187,188,193,194,199,213,214.

  Examples of blue pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6, 16, 22, 60, 64, 80, etc., among which C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 6 is preferred.

  Examples of purple pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Violet 1, 19, 23, 27, 29, 30, 32, 37, 40, 42, 50, etc. can be used. I. Pigment Violet 23 is preferred.

  Examples of the green pigment used in the green filter 10G include C.I. I. Pigment Green 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 26, 36, 45, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, etc. can be used. Among these, C.I. is a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment. I. Pigment Green 58 is preferred. The zinc halide phthalocyanine green pigment has a lower dielectric constant than copper halide phthalocyanine which has been conventionally used as a green pigment. By using a zinc halide phthalocyanine green pigment for the green filter 10G, the relative permittivity of the green filter 10G can be made substantially equal to the relative permittivity of the red filter 10R and the relative permittivity of the blue filter 10B. By using a zinc halide phthalocyanine green pigment for the green filter 10G, a green filter 10G having a steep spectral characteristic curve and a high transmittance can be generated.

  For example, the relative permittivity of the color filter is measured at a frequency of 240 Hz under the condition of a voltage of 5 V using an impedance analyzer. For the sample measurement, a color filter is applied and hardened on a glass substrate on which a conductive film made of an aluminum thin film is patterned (the film thickness is the same for the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B). A conductive film pattern made of an aluminum thin film is formed on the filter, and the relative dielectric constant of the color filter is measured. The relative permittivity of the red filter 10R and the blue filter 10B falls within the range of about 3.2 to 3.8, and the relative permittivity of the green filter 10G using the halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment is about 3.4 to 3 .7 range. On the other hand, the relative permittivity of the green filter 10G using the copper halide phthalocyanine green pigment is about 4.5, which is considerably larger than the relative permittivity of the red filter 10R and the blue filter 10B. By using the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B having the same relative dielectric constant, the liquid crystal drive in the green subpixel 7G, the red subpixel 7R, and the blue subpixel 7B can be made uniform. The liquid crystal display device 1 with higher image quality can be provided.

(Third embodiment)
In this embodiment, a combination of representative pigments that can be used as the light shielding pattern BM will be described. The organic pigment shown below can be used by being dispersed in the above-described transparent resin (for example, photosensitive acrylic resin). The following yellow pigment and red pigment can be replaced with the yellow pigment or red pigment described in the second embodiment.

<Organic pigment composition example 1>
C. I. Pigment Violet 23 35% -70%
C. I. Pigment Red 254 20% -40%
C. I. Pigment Green 2% -50%
<Organic pigment composition example 2>
C. I. Pigment Violet 23 35% -70%
C. I. Pigment Yellow 139 20% to 40%
C. I. Pigment Green 36 2% -50%
<Organic pigment composition example 3>
C. I. Pigment Violet 23 35% -70%
C. I. Pigment Red 254 20% -40%
C. I. Pigment Green 58 2% -50%
<Organic pigment composition example 4>
C. I. Pigment Violet 23 35% -70%
C. I. Pigment Yellow 139 5% -30%
C. I. Pigment 254 5% -30%
C. I. Pigment Green 2% -50%
The pigment ratio is a mass percent when the total pigment is 100%.

  C. above. I. Pigment Violet 23 (hereinafter referred to as V23), C.I. I. Pigment Red 254 (hereinafter referred to as R254), C.I. I. Pigment Green 36 (hereinafter referred to as G36), C.I. I. Pigment Green 58 (hereinafter referred to as G58), C.I. I. Each of Pigment Yellow 139 (hereinafter referred to as “Y139”) is dispersed in a resin or a solution together with a dispersant in accordance with the following mass part to form a pigment paste.

Acrylic resin solution (solid content 20%) 40 parts Dispersant 0.5 parts Cyclohexanone 23 parts <Photosensitive composition for light shielding pattern Blk1>
An example of the photosensitive composition for the light-shielding pattern Blk1 is shown below. All of the following materials are shown in parts by mass.

V23 pigment paste 20.6 parts R254 pigment paste 4.7 parts Y139 pigment paste 10.0 parts G36 pigment paste 4.7 parts
Acrylic resin solution 14.0 parts Acrylic monomer 4.2 parts Initiator 0.7 parts Sensitizer 0.4 part Cyclohexanone 27.0 parts
PGMAC 10.9 part FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern Blk1.

  The photosensitive composition for the light-shielding pattern Blk1 is formed on the glass transparent substrate 22 so that the film thickness after drying and hardening becomes 2 μm. In FIG. 15, the light-shielding pattern Blk1 is formed using a photolithography method. A protective layer 23 of acrylic resin is laminated on the light shielding pattern Blk1 of FIG.

  The spectral characteristics of the coating film of the light-shielding pattern Blk1 manufactured in this way are depicted in FIG. As shown in the spectral characteristics of FIG. 13, the light shielding patterns Blk1 and Blk2 have a light transmittance of 5% or less from a wavelength of 400 nm to a wavelength of 550 nm, and the wavelength at which the spectral transmittance is 50% is longer than 670 nm. The coating film has the spectral characteristics described above. A light-shielding pattern Blk1 having spectral characteristics in which the transmittance of light from a wavelength of 400 nm to a wavelength of 550 nm is 5% or less and the wavelength at which the spectral transmittance is 50% is longer than 670 nm is described in this embodiment. Thus, after drying V23, the solid content ratio (weight ratio) is set to 13% or more, and the pigment ratio of red pigment or green pigment combined with V23 is similarly set to 23% or more. What is necessary is just to form the photosensitive composition for light shielding pattern Blk1 on the transparent substrate 22 so that thickness may be set to 2 micrometers. The green pigment mixed with V23 may be a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment, but more preferably a halogenated copper phthalogreen pigment. In order to set the wavelength at which the spectral transmittance of the coating film of the light shielding pattern Blk1 to 50% with V23 alone is about 690 nm, V23 may be set to 70% or more in pigment ratio. In a system in which V23 is mixed with a red pigment and a yellow pigment, even if V23 is increased beyond 70%, it is difficult to shift the wavelength at which the transmittance is 50% to the longer wavelength side. Therefore, it is difficult to shift the 50% transmittance (half value) to the long wavelength side while maintaining the transmittance at a long wavelength of 700 nm or more due to the pigment characteristics of V23. However, in the system in which the green pigment is mixed with V23, the wavelength at which the transmittance is 50% can be adjusted in the range of 670 nm to 790 nm. In this case, a red pigment may be further added to the green pigment, V23, and the yellow pigment. The spectral characteristics of the light shielding pattern Blk1 may be adjusted by decreasing the pigment addition amount and increasing the film thickness. For example, the pigment ratio of V23 is maintained with a yellow pigment, a red pigment, or a green pigment, and the total pigment amount per unit area on the transparent substrate 22 is set to an amount equal to or greater than that in the present embodiment. In the spectral characteristics of the light-shielding pattern Blk1 functioning as the infrared transmission filter of the present embodiment, the addition of the yellow pigment has the effect of mainly suppressing the transmission of light having a wavelength shorter than 450 nm, and the addition of the red pigment mainly In addition, there is an effect of suppressing transmission of light in the range of 450 nm to 550 nm.

  Hereinafter, the composition of the light shielding patterns Blk2 and Blk3 will be described.

<Photosensitive composition for light shielding pattern of spectral characteristic Blk2>
An example of the photosensitive composition for the light shielding pattern Blk2 is shown below. All of the following materials are shown in parts by mass.

V23 pigment paste 16 parts G36 pigment paste 16 parts Y139 pigment paste 8 parts acrylic resin solution 14.0 parts acrylic monomer 4.2 parts initiator 0.7 parts sensitizer 0.4 parts cyclohexanone 27.0 parts PGMAC 10.9 parts <Photosensitive composition for light-shielding pattern Blk3>
An example of the photosensitive composition for the light shielding pattern Blk3 is shown below. All of the following materials are shown in parts by mass.

V23 pigment paste 15 parts G36 pigment paste 15 parts Y139 pigment paste 4 parts R254 pigment paste 6 parts acrylic resin solution 14.0 parts acrylic monomer 4.2 parts initiator 0.7 parts sensitizer 0.4 parts Cyclohexanone 27.0 parts PGMAC 10.9 parts Table 1 shows the visible region transmittance of the light-shielding patterns Blk2 and Blk3 for each wavelength.

  The visible region transmittance (%) shown in Table 1 can be lowered by increasing the pigment concentration, increasing the film thickness, or increasing the pigment ratio of V23.

  Incidentally, the wavelength of the transmittance of 50% on the long wavelength side is about 745 nm for the light shielding pattern Blk2, and is about 739 nm for the light shielding pattern Blk3.

  Hereinafter, a modification of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18.

  FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern BM.

  In FIG. 16, the counter electrode 19 (transparent conductive film) is formed on the transparent substrate 22, and then the light shielding pattern BM and the protective layer 23 are formed. The film formation of the counter electrode 19 is performed by, for example, a sputtering apparatus.

  FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a third example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern BM.

  In FIG. 17, the light shielding pattern BM is formed on the transparent substrate 22, and then the counter electrode 19 is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 22 on which the light shielding pattern BM is formed, thereby forming the protective layer 23.

  FIG. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a fourth example of the formation state of the light shielding pattern BM.

  In FIG. 18, the light shielding pattern BM and the protective layer 23 are formed on the transparent substrate 22, and the comb-like counter electrode 19 is formed on the protective layer 23. The comb-like counter electrode 19 is patterned by, for example, a photolithography method. The cross section of FIG. 18 is assumed to be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the comb tooth portion of the counter electrode 19. The light shielding pattern BM of FIG. 18 includes a frame portion BM1 that forms an opening of a subpixel, and a central portion BM2 that divides the subpixel in half so as to bisect it at the center of the opening.

  Since the liquid crystal display substrate described above does not include a color filter, it can be applied to a monochrome display liquid crystal display device.

  Furthermore, the liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal display substrate according to the present embodiment performs color display by applying a field sequential method, for example, with a backlight including individual light emitting LED elements such as red, green, and blue. be able to.

  The liquid crystal display substrate according to the present embodiment may be used by being attached to an array substrate provided with color filters such as red, green, and blue. In this way, color display can be performed by forming the color filter on the array substrate.

(Fourth embodiment)
In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display substrate 13 in which the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B are disposed in the opening of the light shielding pattern BM will be described with reference to FIG. 5 described above.

  In the present embodiment, the manufacturing process until the light shielding pattern BM is formed on the transparent substrate 22 is the same as the process described in the third embodiment. The slits of the frame portion BM1 of the light shielding pattern BM located on both sides of one subpixel are made of an alkali-soluble photosensitive acrylic resin after the light shielding pattern BM is formed, and the transparent pattern 9 is formed by photolithography. It is formed. The counter electrode 19 is a transparent conductive film, and is formed so as to cover the light shielding pattern BM and the transparent pattern 9.

In this embodiment, after forming up to the counter electrode 19, various kinds of materials such as a green filter 10 </ b> G, a red filter 10 </ b> R, and a blue filter 10 </ b> B are sequentially used using a color dispersion described later and a color resist having the composition shown in Table 2. A color filter is formed.

<Formation of color filter>
[Dispersion for forming color filter]
As the organic pigment dispersed in the color filter, for example, the following pigments are used.

Red pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Red 254, C.I. I. Pigment Red
177
Green pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Green 58, C.I. I. Pigment Ye
low 150
Blue pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15, C.I. I. Pigment Vio
let 23
Using the pigment, red, green, and blue color dispersions (pastes) are generated.

[Red dispersion]
Red pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Red 254 18 parts by mass red pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Red 177 2 parts by mass Acrylic varnish (solid content 20% by mass) 108 parts by mass After the mixture having the above composition was uniformly stirred, the mixture was dispersed with a glass bead for 5 hours using a sand mill, filtered through a 5 μm filter, and red. A dispersion is produced.

[Green dispersion]
Green pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Green 58 16 parts by mass of green pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 150 8 parts by mass Acrylic varnish (solid content 20% by mass) 102 parts by mass Using the same production method as that for the red dispersion, a green dispersion is produced with respect to the mixture having the above composition.

[Blue dispersion]
Blue pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15 50 parts by weight blue pigment: C.I. I. Pigment Violet 23 2 parts by mass Dispersant 6 parts by mass Acrylic varnish (solid content 20% by mass) 200 parts by mass A blue paste is produced using the same production method as the red dispersion for the mixture having the above composition.

  The film thicknesses of the green filter 10G, the red filter 10R, and the blue filter 10B after exposure / development and hardening are, for example, 2 μm.

  The protective layer 23 is formed using an alkali-soluble photosensitive acrylic resin and by photolithography so that the film thickness after drying and hardening becomes 0.6 μm, for example.

  On the central portion BM2 of the sub-pixel light shielding pattern BM, a 0.6 μm concave portion 20 is formed.

(Fifth embodiment)
In the present embodiment, viewing angle control of a liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the present embodiment.

  The array substrate 170 of the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the present embodiment includes four active elements 16a to 16d in one subpixel. The liquid crystal display substrate 130 includes a color filter layer 10 including a plurality of green filters 10G, red filters 10R, and blue filters 10B.

  The liquid crystal panel 60 has a basic configuration in which the liquid crystal layer 18 is sandwiched between the liquid crystal display substrate 130 and the array substrate 170. A polarizing plate 26 and a retardation plate are attached to the front and back of the liquid crystal panel 60.

  The backlight unit 27 is provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 60 via the light control element 28.

The backlight unit 27 includes a row of solid light emitting elements 29 a and 29 b such as LEDs on both sides of the back surface of the liquid crystal panel 60 or on the back surface of the liquid crystal panel 60.

  The backlight unit 27 may include a diffusion plate, a light guide plate, a polarization separation film, a retroreflective polarizing element, and the like. As the light source of the backlight unit 27, a plurality of white LEDs including three wavelengths of red, green, and blue in the emission wavelength region can be applied. As the light source, a pseudo white LED that combines a GaN blue LED and a YAG fluorescent material may be applied. In the case of a pseudo white LED, an LED having one or more main peaks such as a red LED may be used together in order to improve color rendering. For example, for a blue LED, a light source that combines red and green phosphors may be used. A plurality of LEDs each emitting red, green, and blue individually may be used as the light source. In this way, color display can be performed without using a color filter by using a plurality of LEDs that individually emit light of red, green, and blue and synchronizing field sequential light emission with time of liquid crystal drive. it can. Three-dimensional display can be performed by causing the solid-state light emitting elements 29a and 29b at both ends of the backlight unit 27 to emit light alternately so as to synchronize with the liquid crystal display and to enter the observer's right eye 30a and left eye 30b, respectively.

  The backlight unit 27 may include an infrared light emitting element having a wavelength longer than 700 nm in addition to the red, green, and blue LEDs. The infrared light emitting element may be a light emitting element in which a phosphor for changing to infrared light is applied to a blue LED or a purple LED, or a semiconductor laser that emits infrared light. The infrared light emitting element may be an infrared light emitting LED such as GaAsP, GaALAs, and AlGaInP. For example, the infrared light emitting elements may be provided at the end or corner of the backlight unit 27, and may be arranged in the same row or alternately with the red, green, and blue LEDs. In the backlight unit 27, each color LED and infrared light emitting element may be arranged in a line. When an input operation is performed on the liquid crystal display device with a finger or a pointer, infrared light emitted from the infrared light emitting element may be used as illumination light for the finger or pointer.

  The light control element 28 made of methacrylic resin or the like may be, for example, a resin sheet in which a semi-cylindrical lens 31 and a triangular prism 32 are integrated on the front and back. FIG. 19 is a cross section substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the semi-cylindrical lens 31 and the triangular prism prism 32. Moire in three-dimensional display can be reduced by providing an angle θ between the angles of the optical axes of the semi-cylindrical lens 31 and the triangular prism prism 32 and the pixel arrangement of the liquid crystal display device 100. The optical axis means the ridge line direction of each of the semi-cylindrical lens 31 and the triangular prism prism 32. The relaxation of moire can achieve a great effect by making θ a large angle close to 45 degrees. However, if the angle θ is 45 degrees, it may interfere with the polarizing plate or the optical axis of the phase difference. Therefore, the angle θ is set to an upper limit that is somewhat smaller than 45 degrees. Considering the alignment error (± 2 °) between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal panel 60, the maximum value of the angle θ can be set to 43 degrees or less. On the other hand, the moire during the two-dimensional display is conspicuous when θ is close to zero, and the moire is low and is easily recognized as light / dark or color unevenness.

  The light control element 28 is placed between the back surface side of the liquid crystal panel 60 and the backlight unit 27 in order to prevent the third person from seeing the eyes, and prevents the third person from seeing. Give direction. The light control element 28 has a configuration in which a prism sheet and a lens sheet are integrated with each other back to back.

  The prism sheet has a plurality of triangular prisms 32 arranged in a triangular shape so that the longitudinal direction of the side surfaces of the triangular prisms 32 (long direction, ridge line direction, or optical axis direction) are parallel to each other. Are arranged side by side so as to face the same direction.

  The lens sheet is formed by arranging a plurality of semi-cylindrical lenses 31 so that the longitudinal directions of the side surfaces of the semi-cylindrical lenses 31 are parallel, and the semicircular arcs of the cross-sections face the same direction. .

  In the present embodiment, the cross section of the triangular prism 32 is, for example, an isosceles triangle. By adjusting the angle of the tip of the triangular prism prism 32 (vertical angle of an isosceles triangle), the light emission angle (light distribution angle) from the light source with respect to the normal direction of the liquid crystal panel 60 can be set. The light control element 28 may be configured by combining sheets of two or more triangular prisms having different angles θ.

  FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal panel 60 provided in the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the present embodiment. The red subpixel is adjacent to the green subpixel and the blue subpixel. The liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 are in the initial alignment state before the driving voltage is applied, and are vertically aligned. A polarizing plate not shown in FIG. 20 is crossed Nicol and normally black. The liquid crystal layer 18 includes a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal display substrate 130 includes counter electrodes 19a, 19c, 19e, and 19f on the protective layer 23. The counter electrodes 19a, 19c, 19e, 19f are formed in a comb shape. FIG. 20 is a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the counter electrodes 19a, 19c, 19e, and 19f.

  The array substrate 170 includes pixel electrodes 15a and 15c, light guide electrodes 15e and 15f, and common electrodes 21a and 21c. The pixel electrodes 15a and 15c and the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f are electrically connected to different active elements that are omitted in FIG.

  FIG. 21 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal panel 60 in a state in which a drive voltage is applied to one pixel electrode 15a for display control.

  When a drive voltage is applied only to one pixel electrode 15a for display control, the liquid crystal molecules L4 to L10 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force, and the emitted light Z3 is emitted, for example, to the right eye of the observer. . The liquid crystal molecules L4 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the pixel electrode 15a and the end of the common electrode 21a. The operation of the liquid crystal molecules L4 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and enhances the response of the liquid crystal.

  FIG. 22 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display panel 60 in a state in which a driving voltage is applied to the other pixel electrode 15c for display control.

  When a drive voltage is applied only to the other pixel electrode 15c for display control, the liquid crystal molecules L5 to L11 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force, and the emitted light Z4 is emitted, for example, to the left eye of the observer. . The liquid crystal molecules L11 start to fall earlier than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end of the pixel electrode 15c and the common electrode 21c. The operation of the liquid crystal molecules L11 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and improves the response of the liquid crystal.

  FIG. 23 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal panel 60 in a state where a driving voltage is applied to one light guide electrode 15e for viewing angle control.

  When a driving voltage is applied to one light guide electrode 15e for controlling the viewing angle, the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L3 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force, and oblique light Z1 is emitted. The liquid crystal molecules L3 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end portion of the light guide electrode 15e for controlling the viewing angle and the common electrode 21a. The operation of the liquid crystal molecules L3 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and enhances the response of the liquid crystal. Thus, by applying a driving voltage to the light guide electrode 15e for controlling the viewing angle, the oblique light Z1 is emitted, and the third person around the observer can be prevented from being visually recognized.

  FIG. 24 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal display panel in a state in which a driving voltage is applied to the other light guide electrode 15f for viewing angle control.

  When a driving voltage is applied to the other light guide electrode 15f for controlling the viewing angle, the liquid crystal molecules L12 to L14 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force, and oblique light Z2 is emitted. The liquid crystal molecules L12 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end of the other light guide electrode 15f for controlling the viewing angle and the common electrode 21c. The operation of the liquid crystal molecules L12 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and improves the response of the liquid crystal. In this way, by applying the driving voltage to the other light guide electrode 15f for controlling the viewing angle, the oblique light Z2 is emitted, and a third party can be prevented from being visually recognized.

  The display control pixel electrodes 15a and 15c and the viewing angle control light guide electrodes 15e and 15f described above are respectively connected to individual active elements. Thereby, the light Z3 for the observer's right eye, the light Z4 for the observer's left eye, the oblique light Z1 in one direction, and the oblique light Z2 in the other direction can be emitted at their own timing.

  In the present embodiment, the display control pixel electrodes 15a and 15c are connected to one active element, and the viewing angle control light guide electrodes 15e and 15f that produce the effect of oblique visibility are connected to another active element. You may connect. In this case, a total of two active elements are provided in one subpixel.

  When the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the present embodiment recognizes a pointer such as a finger, the liquid crystal display device 100 may apply a driving voltage to the light guide electrodes 15e and 15f for viewing angle control and emit oblique light Z1 and Z2. . The optical sensors 11g and 11r detect reflected light from the pointer. Thereby, the pointer can be recognized with high accuracy.

  FIG. 25 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an edge region of the liquid crystal display substrate 130 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 25 shows the transparent substrate 22 of the liquid crystal display substrate 130 on the top and the protective layer 23 on the bottom.

  The liquid crystal panel 60 includes an effective display area E1 (image display area) and an edge area E2 surrounding the effective display area E1 in plan view. In the edge region E2, the liquid crystal alignment may be disturbed, and it is necessary to reduce light leakage from the backlight unit 27. In the present embodiment, in order to reduce leakage light in the edge region E2 of the liquid crystal display substrate 130, the blue filter 10B is stacked on the light shielding pattern BM in the edge region E2. The color filter stacked on the light shielding pattern BM may be the green filter 10G or the red filter 10R.

  In FIG. 25, a slit 33 is formed between the counter electrodes 19a and 19c, which are transparent conductive films. Similar to the recess 20 shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the slit 33 has a function of imparting a pretilt during the initial alignment of the liquid crystal, and can speed up the liquid crystal response.

  A general vertical alignment liquid crystal has a tilt angle (pretilt angle) of 89 degrees, for example. The vertically aligned liquid crystal provided with the pretilt angle is tilted in the direction in which the tilt angle becomes smaller when the drive voltage is applied. In a general vertical alignment liquid crystal, an initial tilt angle sets a direction in which liquid crystal molecules are tilted when a driving voltage is applied. When such a general vertical alignment liquid crystal is used, the alignment film (not shown) is rubbed in a plurality of directions or optical alignment in a plurality of directions is required for one pixel or one subpixel.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the liquid crystal is generated based on the oblique lines of electric force (oblique electric field) between the array substrate 130 and the counter substrate 170 without giving an inclination angle to the initial alignment of the vertically aligned liquid crystal. The direction in which the molecule falls is determined. In the present embodiment, for example, liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is used, and the initial alignment of the liquid crystal is set to a vertical alignment of about 90 °. As described above, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to give a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal. However, in order to realize an ultra-high-speed response of several ms in the liquid crystal driving, for example, 89.7 ° to 88 ° is applied to the liquid crystal by using FPA (Field-induced Photo-reactive Alignment) method or PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) method. A degree of pretilt angle may be given. Thus, by providing a slight pretilt angle to the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the present embodiment can realize liquid crystal driving with an ultrafast response or a driving voltage lower than the conventional one. In the FPA method or PSA method, after forming a photosensitive alignment film on the inner surface of the liquid crystal cell in advance or using a liquid crystal to which a photosensitive polymerization composition is added, the pixel electrode 15a, While applying a drive voltage to 15c and the light guide electrodes 15e, 15f, etc., light such as ultraviolet rays is irradiated to give a pretilt angle to the alignment film or the inner wall of the liquid crystal cell. A pretilt angle is given to the liquid crystal molecules according to the pretilt angle of the alignment film or the inner wall of the liquid crystal cell.

  Note that in a liquid crystal display device using a horizontally aligned liquid crystal such as IPS or ECB, an alignment process such as rubbing or optical alignment is indispensable. Further, in a liquid crystal display device using a horizontally aligned liquid crystal such as IPS or ECB, strict optical axis alignment between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal and the polarizing plate is necessary. A liquid crystal display device using a vertically aligned liquid crystal that does not require strict optical axis alignment with a polarizing plate has higher black display quality than IPS or ECB.

  The active elements 16a to 16d described in the above embodiments may be formed of a silicon semiconductor or an oxide semiconductor. When the active elements 16a to 16d are formed using an oxide semiconductor, the aperture ratio of a pixel or a subpixel can be improved. As a typical channel material of a TFT or a photodiode formed of an oxide semiconductor, for example, a composite metal oxide of indium, gallium, and zinc called IGZO is used. As the channel material, a composite oxide in which another metal oxide such as tin or titanium is added may be used.

  In each of the above embodiments, the optical sensors 11g and 11r and the compensating optical sensor 11b may include a light receiving element formed of, for example, a thin film transistor or a PIN diode.

  Each of the embodiments described above can be applied with various modifications within a range where the gist of the invention does not change.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,100 ... Liquid crystal display device, 2 ... Display element scanning part, 3 ... Sensor scanning part, 4 ... Display element drive part, 5 ... Sensor reading part, 6,60 ... Liquid crystal panel, 7G, 7R, 7B, R, G , B ... sub-pixel, 8a ... display area, 8b ... sensor area, 9 ... transparent pattern, 10G ... green filter, 10R ... red filter, 10B ... blue filter, 11g, 11r ... photosensor, 11b ... compensation sensor, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Calculation part, 12g ... Green calculation part, 12r ... Red calculation part, BM, Blk1-Blk3 ... Light-shielding pattern, BM1 ... Frame part, BM2 ... Center part, 13, 130 ... Liquid crystal display substrate, 14 ... Light-shielding film, 15a 15d, pixel electrodes, 15e, 15f, light guide electrodes, 16a-16d, active elements, 170, array substrate, 18 liquid crystal layer, 19 counter electrode, 20 recess, 21a-21f, common power , 22, 24 ... transparent substrate, 23 ... protective layer, 25a-25c ... insulating layer, 26 ... polarizing plate, 27 ... backlight unit, 28 ... light control element, 29a, 29b ... solid light emitting element, 31 ... semi-cylindrical shape Lens, 32 ... Triangular prism.

Claims (19)

A transparent substrate;
A light-shielding pattern formed on one plane of the transparent substrate and forming a matrix-like pixel opening corresponding to a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels in plan view,
The light-shielding pattern has a light transmittance of 5% or less in a light wavelength range of 400 nm to 650 nm, a light transmittance of 50% is in a range of 670 nm to 790 nm, and a light transmittance having a wavelength longer than 700 nm. A liquid crystal display substrate having an infrared transmission property higher than that of light having a wavelength of less than 700 nm and comprising a violet pigment, a green pigment, and at least one of a yellow pigment and a red pigment. The liquid crystal display substrate according to claim 1,
The liquid crystal display substrate, wherein the green pigment includes at least one of a halogenated copper phthalocyanine green pigment and a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment. In the liquid crystal display substrate according to claim 1 or 2,
A green filter, a red filter, a blue filter provided in the pixel opening of the light shielding pattern;
A liquid crystal display substrate further comprising: a transparent resin layer formed on the green filter, the red filter, and the blue filter. The liquid crystal display substrate according to claim 3,
A liquid crystal display substrate further comprising a transparent conductive film on the transparent resin layer. In the liquid crystal display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A liquid crystal display substrate further comprising a transparent conductive film on the light shielding pattern. In the liquid crystal display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A transparent conductive film is provided on the transparent substrate,
A liquid crystal display substrate comprising the light shielding pattern on the transparent conductive film. In the liquid crystal display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A transparent resin layer is provided on the light shielding pattern,
A liquid crystal display substrate comprising a transparent conductive film on the transparent resin layer. The liquid crystal display substrate according to any one of claims 4 to 7,
The said transparent conductive film is a liquid crystal display substrate which forms a slit in the position corresponded to the center part of the said pixel opening part by planar view. In the liquid crystal display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The liquid crystal display substrate, wherein a planar shape of the pixel or the sub-pixel is a rectangular shape, a parallelogram shape, or a polygonal shape bent into a dogleg shape. In the liquid crystal display substrate according to claim 3 or 4 ,
An effective display area in which the plurality of pixels or sub-pixels arranged in the matrix are arranged in a plan view, and an edge area surrounding the effective display area,
In the edge region, the light shielding pattern and at least one of a green filter, a red filter, and a blue filter overlap each other. A liquid crystal panel having a configuration in which an array substrate and a liquid crystal display substrate face each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween,
The liquid crystal display substrate is
A transparent substrate;
A light-shielding pattern formed on one plane of the transparent substrate and forming a matrix-like pixel opening corresponding to a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels in plan view,
The light-shielding pattern has a light transmittance of 5% or less in a light wavelength range of 400 nm to 650 nm, a light transmittance of 50% is in a range of 670 nm to 790 nm, and transmits light having a wavelength longer than 700 nm. An infrared transmission characteristic having a rate higher than the transmittance of light having a wavelength of less than 700 nm, including a purple pigment, a green pigment, and at least one of a yellow pigment and a red pigment;
The array substrate is
Active elements and electrodes for liquid crystal driving of the liquid crystal layer;
An optical sensor for measuring light incident through a pixel opening of the liquid crystal display substrate;
A liquid crystal display device comprising: a compensation optical sensor that measures light incident through a light shielding pattern that functions as an infrared transmission filter of the liquid crystal display substrate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11.
The liquid crystal display device, wherein the green pigment includes a copper halide phthalocyanine green pigment. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11 or claim 12,
A liquid crystal display device, further comprising a calculation unit that subtracts the measurement data of the compensation optical sensor from the measurement data of the optical sensor. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
Further comprising a green filter and a red filter provided in the pixel opening of the light shielding pattern;
The liquid crystal display device, wherein the photosensor includes a first photosensor that measures light via the green filter and a second photosensor that measures light via the red filter. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 11 to 14,
The electrode includes, for each pixel or subpixel, a comb-shaped first electrode connected to the active element, and a comb-shaped second electrode disposed via the first electrode and an insulating layer. An electrode,
The liquid crystal display device, wherein in the horizontal direction, the second electrode protrudes to an end side of the pixel or sub-pixel from the corresponding first electrode. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 11 to 15,
The active element and the electrode are, for each pixel or subpixel, a display control active element and an electrode for emitting light for viewing the viewer, and light in an oblique direction for viewing angle control. A liquid crystal display device comprising: active elements and electrodes. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 11 to 16,
In the liquid crystal panel, the surface on the liquid crystal display substrate side is an observer side, the surface on the array substrate side is a back surface,
The back side of the liquid crystal panel further comprises a backlight unit through a light control element,
The pixel or sub-pixel has an elongated shape in plan view,
The said light control element is a liquid crystal display device which radiate | emits light in the direction orthogonal to the elongate direction of the said pixel or a subpixel, and the diagonal direction shifted | deviated from the normal line direction of the said liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17.
The backlight unit includes a plurality of light sources that are solid-state light emitting elements,
The plurality of light sources is a liquid crystal display device including an infrared light emitting element. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 11 to 18,
The liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer has negative dielectric anisotropy.

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