JP5857508B2 - How to calculate construction error - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a construction error using a surveying instrument such as a total station at a construction site or the like.

Conventionally, at a construction site, measurement of three-dimensional coordinates at an arbitrary position is performed by a total station (for example, Patent Document 1).
In this measurement, as a preparation for measurement, the total station is first placed on the construction site, and a reflecting member such as a prism or a reflecting plate is placed at two reference positions whose position coordinates are known. Then, the measurement light is projected toward the reflecting member, the distance to each reference position is measured based on the phase difference of the reflected light, and the horizontal angle and the vertical angle in the light projection direction of the measurement light are measured.
Then, place the reflection member at the measurement position, which is the target position where the position coordinates are to be measured, and project measurement light from the total station toward the reflection member. The distance to the measurement position based on the phase difference of the reflected light And measure the horizontal and vertical angles of the measuring light in the projection direction. Then, by performing geometric calculation based on these distances, horizontal / vertical angles, the above-mentioned reference position distances, horizontal / vertical angles, and reference position position coordinates (known), the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement position Ask for.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-325884

  Recently, a total station that does not use a reflecting member is also used. That is, in this total station, the measurement light is projected toward the measurement position, the reflected light from the measurement position is received and the round trip time of the light is measured, and the distance is obtained. By taking into account such data, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement position are obtained.

  By the way, if the construction error of the structure formed at the construction site can be measured immediately on the spot by the total tension, it is convenient that the construction error can be corrected immediately based on the measured construction error. For example, if the actual floor surface formed by concrete placement is higher than the design floor surface specified in the design data such as blueprints, the actual floor surface will be used for the construction error during or immediately after the construction. If the floor is low, on the contrary, it is sufficient to deposit more concrete, which makes it possible to form a floor with high construction accuracy in a short construction period.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a construction error between an actual surface and a design surface at a construction site or the like.

In order to achieve this object, the invention according to claim 1
By using a surveying instrument that can measure 3D position coordinates,
A method for obtaining a construction error in a normal direction of the design surface between a design surface defined by design data and an actual surface formed based on the design data,
The surveying instrument projects measurement light toward an arbitrary position of interest, and receives reflected light from a position where the measurement light strikes on the actual surface, whereby the contact position is set as a measurement position. While outputting the position coordinates, the output position coordinates of the measurement position are defined as plane position coordinates defining the plane position in the design surface and normal position coordinates defining the position of the design surface in the normal direction And has the function indicated by
A design surface position coordinate acquisition step of acquiring, from the design data, a position coordinate of a position on the design surface that coincides with a plane position coordinate of the measurement position;
A construction error calculating step for calculating the construction error based on the normal position coordinates of the measurement position and the normal position coordinates of the position on the design surface acquired in the design surface position coordinate acquisition step; And
The method for obtaining the construction error is executed at the time of placing the fluid,
The actual surface is a surface formed by placing the fluid,
When the actual surface is higher than the design surface, the height of the fluid is lowered, and when the actual surface is lower than the design surface, the height of the fluid is increased. It is characterized by.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the position coordinate of the measurement position on the actual surface is measured, and the position coordinate of the position on the design surface that matches the plane position coordinate of the measurement position is acquired from the design data. Then, a construction error is calculated based on the normal position coordinates of the measurement position and the normal position coordinates of the position on the design surface. Here, the measurement position is an actual position on the surface as described above. Therefore, the construction error in the normal direction between the actual surface and the design surface can be obtained.

  Further, it is possible to measure the construction error in a non-contact manner with respect to the actual surface. Therefore, during construction of an actual surface, construction errors can be measured by simultaneous parallel work, thereby shortening the construction period.

The invention according to claim 2 is a method for obtaining the construction error according to claim 1,
In the construction error calculating step, the construction error is obtained by subtracting the normal position coordinates of the position on the design surface from the normal position coordinates of the measurement position.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to reliably determine the construction error in the normal direction between the actual surface and the design surface.

The invention shown in claim 3 is a method for obtaining the construction error according to claim 1 or 2,
The measurement light is visible light.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the position having the calculated construction error is pointed on the actual surface by the measurement light spot so as to be visible. Therefore, it can be corrected on the spot based on the learned construction error, and it is excellent in convenience.

Invention of Claim 4 is the method of calculating | requiring the construction error of Claim 3, Comprising:
The measurement light is projected at least at a time point after the construction error calculating step.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the measurement light is projected at least after the construction error calculating step. Therefore, when the actual surface is reworked, the position to be reworked is adjusted. It can be pointed at the spot, improving the accuracy of the rework work.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a construction error between an actual surface and a design surface at a construction site or the like.

It is a schematic side view of the total station 10 installed in the construction site in order to obtain | require the construction error E of the actual floor surface 2R. It is a flowchart of the calculation procedure of the construction error E which concerns on a construction error calculation function. It is a schematic side view of the total station 10 installed in the construction site in order to obtain | require the construction error E of the actual wall surface 4R.

=== This Embodiment ===
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a total station 10 as a surveying meter installed at a construction site.
The total station 10 is installed for the purpose of obtaining a construction error E at the construction site. The object for which the construction error E is obtained is, for example, the floor surface 2R formed on the construction site by placing concrete. That is, in the design data such as the design drawing, the floor surface 2V is defined as, for example, the floor surface 2V (corresponding to the “design surface” in the claims) that forms a horizontal plane over the entire surface. However, the actual floor surface 2R that is the actual floor surface 2R has unevenness due to the construction error E, that is, it is not formed on the design floor surface 2V that is the floor surface 2V in the design data. Many.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the construction error E is measured during construction, and the construction error E as the measurement result is sequentially reflected in the construction. For example, in the following example, the construction error E is measured while the plasterer is leveling the floor 2R after placing concrete, or immediately after that, so that the construction error E is eliminated on the spot. Rework immediately. As a result, the construction accuracy is improved and the work period is shortened. The details will be described below.

<<< About Total Station 10 >>>
The total station 10 has a measurement function for measuring three-dimensional coordinates at an arbitrary position and a construction error calculation function for calculating a construction error E in cooperation with the portable terminal 50.

  Measurement of three-dimensional coordinates at an arbitrary position related to the former measurement function is performed as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 1, a target position Pm (Xm, Ym, Zm) is input as a temporary measurement position to the total station 10. Then, the total station 10 projects laser light as measurement light toward the target position Pm, and receives reflected light from the position Pk with the position where the measurement light has been applied as the measurement position Pk. Then, the distance from the total station 10 to the measurement position Pk is calculated based on the round trip time of the measurement light, and at the same time, the horizontal angle and the vertical angle in the light projection direction of the measurement light are measured.

  Then, the measured distance, horizontal angle, and vertical angle data, and previously acquired reference position (not shown) data (the distance from the total station 10 to the reference position, the horizontal angle of the light projection direction to the reference position) The total station 10 calculates the three-dimensional coordinates (Xk, Yk, Zk) of the measurement position Pk by performing geometric calculation based on the vertical angle and the position coordinates of the reference position (known three-dimensional coordinates)). To do.

  Note that the method for acquiring the reference position data is almost the same as that described in the background art. Therefore, only the differences will be described here. The difference is that the reflected light is received directly from the other members and the distance is calculated based on the round trip time of the measuring light, not based on the phase difference of the measuring light.

  On the other hand, the latter construction error calculation function is a function for obtaining the construction error E in the Z direction with respect to the design floor 2V of the actual floor 2R in a non-contact state where the total station 10 is separated from the actual floor 2R. Therefore, the construction error E can be measured simultaneously with the construction work on the actual floor surface 2R, and the measured construction error E can be immediately reflected in the construction work. This function will be described later.

  The total station 10 having such a function includes, for example, a light projecting unit (not illustrated) that projects measurement light, a light receiving unit (not illustrated) that receives reflected light of the measurement light, a horizontal angle in the light projecting direction of the measurement light, and the like. It has a measuring unit that measures the vertical angle, and a computer (not shown) that performs various calculations while controlling the operations of these units. The computer has a CPU and a memory, and the above-described measurement function and construction error calculation function are realized by reading out a program stored in the memory and executing the program. The construction error calculation function is realized in cooperation with the mobile terminal 50 described later.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, a portable terminal 50 as an external device 50 is connected to the total station 10 so as to be communicable. The mobile terminal 50 is, for example, a tablet PC, a PDA, a smart phone, a mobile phone, or the like, and is generally a computer having a CPU and a memory. The memory stores and stores in advance a 3D model of the structure to be constructed at the construction site, and each part of the structure is associated with a three-dimensional position coordinate. That is, the above-described design floor 2V is also a part of the 3D model of this structure. Therefore, the position coordinates are also associated with this design floor 2V and stored in the memory.

  Here, the position coordinates are represented by a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system including three axes (X axis, Y axis, Z axis) orthogonal to each other. An arbitrary plane position (two-dimensional position) in the design floor 2V is defined by the XY coordinates, while an arbitrary position in the normal direction of the design floor 2V is defined by the Z coordinates. . That is, the former XY coordinates (X, Y) correspond to “planar position coordinates” in the claims, and the latter Z coordinate (Z) corresponds to “normal position coordinates” in the claims.

  In addition, a program for performing the above-described construction error calculation function is stored in the memory in advance, and the CPU reads out the program from the memory and executes it to cooperate with the total station 10. An error calculation function is realized.

<<< Construction error calculation function >>>
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a procedure for calculating the construction error E related to the function.
First, as preparation step S10, as shown in FIG. 1, the total station 10 is installed at an appropriate installation position Ps at the construction site. For example, the total station 10 is installed at a position Ps where the substantially whole surface of the actual floor surface 2R under construction can be seen, and at a position Ps higher than the actual floor surface 2R by a predetermined height.

  Next, as the preparation step S10, the total station 10 projects measurement light toward two reference positions (not shown) whose position coordinates are known, and receives reflected light from each reference position. Thereby, as described above, the distance between the total station 10 and each reference position, and the horizontal angle and vertical angle in each light projecting direction are measured, and these data are acquired. Thereafter, by using the data of the reference position, the total station 10 is in a state where the three-dimensional coordinates of an arbitrary position around the total station 10 can be measured in the XYZ orthogonal coordinate system. That is, the measurement function can be used.

  Then, the site worker sets the position of interest Pm as a temporary measurement position on the 3D model of the portable terminal 50 so that the measurement light hits the actual floor surface 2R under construction (attention position setting step S15). ). Then, the data of the position coordinates (Xm, Ym, Zm) of the target position Pm is transmitted from the portable terminal 50 to the total station 10. The position of interest Pm may be set not from the mobile terminal 50 but from an appropriate operation switch (not shown) provided in the total station 10.

  Next, the total station 10 that has received the data of the position coordinates (Xm, Ym, Zm) of the target position Pm projects measurement light toward the target position Pm at the construction site. Then, by using the measurement function described above, the total station 10 calculates the position coordinates (Xk, Yk, Zk) of the position Pk with the position where the measurement light hits the actual floor 2R as the measurement position Pk ( Measurement position calculation step S20).

  Then, the total station 10 and the portable terminal 50 cooperate with each other on the design floor 2V where the position coordinates (Xk, Yk, Zk) coincide with the calculated XY coordinates (Xk, Yk) of the measurement position Pk. The position coordinates of the position are acquired from the design data of the 3D model. That is, the total station 10 transmits the XY coordinates (Xk, Yk) of the measurement position Pk to the portable terminal 50, and the portable terminal 50 that has received the data transmits the data related to the design floor 2V of the 3D model in its own memory. By searching, the three-dimensional coordinates (Xa, Ya, Za) of the position Pa where the XY coordinates (Xk, Yk) and the XY coordinates coincide, that is, the three-dimensional coordinates (Xk, Yk, Za) are data of the design floor 2V. (Design surface position coordinate acquisition step S30). This position Pa corresponds to “a position on the design surface that coincides with the plane position coordinates of the measurement position” in the claims.

  Then, the Z coordinate (Za) of the acquired three-dimensional coordinates (Xk, Yk, Za) of the position Pa on the design floor 2V and the Z coordinate (Zk) of the measurement position Pk (Xk, Yk, Zk). Based on the above, the portable terminal 50 calculates the construction error E (construction error calculation step S35). That is, by subtracting the Z coordinate (Za) of the position Pa on the design floor 2V from the Z coordinate (Zk) of the measurement position Pk, the construction error E (= Zk−Za) of the actual floor 2R with respect to the design floor 2V. )

  Note that the calculation (Zk−Za) in the construction error calculation step S40 may be performed by the total station 10 instead of by the portable terminal 50. However, in this case, prior to this calculation, the position coordinates (Xk, Yk, Za) of the position Pa acquired by the mobile terminal 50 in the design surface position coordinate acquisition step S30 are transmitted from the mobile terminal 50 to the total station 10. Needless to say.

  Then, this construction error E is recorded in the memory of the portable terminal 50 in association with the position coordinates of the measurement position Pk, and at the same time or in parallel with this, the construction error E is displayed on the monitor of the portable terminal 50. Alternatively, the construction error E is transmitted to the total station 10 and recorded in the memory of the total station 10, and the construction error E is displayed on the monitor of the total station 10 in parallel or before and after this. Thereby, the field worker can know the construction error E of the actual floor surface 2R.

  Then, the site worker reworkes the actual floor surface 2R under construction according to the value of the construction error E. For example, when the construction error E is a positive value, the measurement position Pk is higher in the vertical direction than the design floor surface 2V, so the surface of the actual floor surface 2R is smoothed by this value E, for example. Lower the height. On the other hand, in the case of a negative value, the measurement position Pk is lower in the vertical direction than the design floor surface 2V. Therefore, the height of the measurement position Pk is increased by, for example, depositing more concrete under flow.

  In addition, preferably, the measurement light is continuously projected toward the actual floor 2R at the time of performing the reworking operation, that is, at least after the above-described “construction error calculation step S35”. Furthermore, the measurement light is preferably red visible light. If so, the site worker can visually recognize the position on the actual floor surface 2R having the construction error E with the spot of the light for measurement, thereby improving the retouching accuracy. it can.

=== Other Embodiments ===
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, said embodiment is for making an understanding of this invention easy, and is not for limiting and interpreting this invention. Further, the present invention can be changed or improved without departing from the gist thereof, and needless to say, the present invention includes equivalents thereof. For example, the following modifications are possible.

  In the above-described embodiment, it has been described that it is desirable to use visible laser light as the measurement light. However, the present invention is not limited to this. In some cases, invisible laser light may be used as measurement light. However, in that case, since the position having the calculated construction error E cannot be indicated as a spot on the actual floor 2R, it is preferable to use the visible laser light as described above.

In the above-described embodiment, the construction error E of the actual floor surface 2R is obtained, but it is not limited to this. For example, as shown in the schematic side view of FIG. 3, the construction error E is calculated for an actual wall surface 4R (hereinafter referred to as an actual wall surface 4R) formed on the construction site based on the vertical design wall surface 4V of the 3D model of the structure. You may ask. In that case, in the description of the above-described embodiment, “floor surface” is replaced with “wall surface”, the plane position coordinates that have become the XY coordinates are replaced with YZ coordinates that define the design wall surface 4V, What is necessary is just to consider replacing the normal position coordinate that has been the Z coordinate with the X coordinate that is the normal direction of the design wall surface 4V. Details are as follows.
First, the target position Pm is designated as a temporary measurement position on the 3D model of the portable terminal 50 so that the measurement light strikes the actual wall surface 4R during or immediately after the construction. Then, the total station 10 projects measurement light toward the target position Pm at the construction site, and the position where the measurement light hits the actual wall surface 4R is set as the measurement position Pk, and the total station 10 has the position coordinates of the same position Pk. (Xk, Yk, Zk) is calculated.

  Then, the total station 10 and the portable terminal 50 cooperate with each other, and the position on the design wall surface 4V where the position coordinate (Xk, Yk, Zk) coincides with the YZ coordinate (Yk, Zk) of the calculated measurement position Pk. Are acquired from the design data of the 3D model. In other words, the total station 10 transmits the YZ coordinates (Yk, Zk) of the measurement position Pk to the mobile terminal 50, and the mobile terminal 50 that has received this searches for data related to the design wall surface 4V of the 3D model in its own memory. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates (Xa, Ya, Za) of the position Pa where the YZ coordinates (Yk, Zk) coincide with the YZ coordinates, that is, the three-dimensional coordinates (Xa, Yk, Zk) are acquired from the data of the design wall surface 4V. (Design surface position coordinate acquisition step).

  Then, the X coordinate (Xa) of the three-dimensional coordinates (Xa, Yk, Zk) of the position Pa on the acquired design wall surface 4V, and the X coordinate (Xk) of the measurement position Pk (Xk, Yk, Zk) The portable terminal 50 calculates the construction error E of the actual wall surface 4R (construction error calculation step). That is, the construction error E (= Xk−Xa) of the actual wall surface 4R with respect to the design wall surface 4V is obtained by subtracting the X coordinate (Xa) of the position Pa on the design wall surface 4V from the X coordinate (Xk) of the measurement position Pk. . Then, this is displayed on an appropriate monitor.

  In the above-described embodiment, two reference positions whose position coordinates are known are measured in advance by the total station 10, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the surrounding arbitrary positions can be measured based on the relative positional relationship with the reference position. This is not a limitation. For example, the total station 10 has a GPS function, acquires the position coordinates of itself 10 based on the GPS function, and measures the position coordinates of itself 10 and the distance to the measurement position Pk measured by the measurement light, The three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement position Pk may be calculated based on the horizontal angle or the vertical angle in the light projecting direction.

  In the above-described embodiment, by specifying the target position Pm on the 3D model stored in the mobile terminal 50, the total position 10 is input with the target position Pm serving as a starting point for construction error measurement. The input of the position of interest Pm is not limited to this. For example, the three-dimensional coordinates (Xm, Ym, Zm) of the target position Pm may be directly input from an appropriate input screen provided integrally with the total station 10, or may be input by other methods.

2R actual floor surface (actual surface), 2V design floor surface (design surface),
4R actual wall (actual surface), 4V design wall (design surface),
10 Total station (surveying meter),
50 mobile devices,
Pa position (position on the design surface that coincides with the plane position coordinates of the measurement position),
Pk measurement position, Pm focus position, Ps installation position,
E Construction error,

Claims (4)

By using a surveying instrument that can measure 3D position coordinates,
A method for obtaining a construction error in a normal direction of the design surface between a design surface defined by design data and an actual surface formed based on the design data,
The surveying instrument projects measurement light toward an arbitrary position of interest, and receives reflected light from a position where the measurement light strikes on the actual surface, whereby the contact position is set as a measurement position. While outputting the position coordinates, the output position coordinates of the measurement position are defined as plane position coordinates defining the plane position in the design surface and normal position coordinates defining the position of the design surface in the normal direction. And has the function indicated by
A design surface position coordinate acquisition step of acquiring, from the design data, a position coordinate of a position on the design surface that coincides with a plane position coordinate of the measurement position;
A construction error calculating step for calculating the construction error based on the normal position coordinates of the measurement position and the normal position coordinates of the position on the design surface acquired in the design surface position coordinate acquisition step; And
The method for obtaining the construction error is executed at the time of placing the fluid,
The actual surface is a surface formed by placing the fluid,
When the actual surface is higher than the design surface, the height of the fluid is lowered, and when the actual surface is lower than the design surface, the height of the fluid is increased. A method of obtaining construction errors characterized by A method for obtaining a construction error according to claim 1,
In the construction error calculating step, the construction error is obtained by subtracting the normal position coordinates of the position on the design surface from the normal position coordinates of the measurement position. A method for obtaining a construction error according to claim 1 or 2,
The measuring light is visible light, and a method for obtaining a construction error. A method for obtaining a construction error according to claim 3,
A method for obtaining a construction error, wherein the measuring light is projected at least at a time point after the construction error calculating step.

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