JP5697552B2 - Electromagnetic actuator and electromagnetic relay using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator that reciprocates a movable element by energizing an exciting coil, and an electromagnetic relay using the electromagnetic actuator.

  Conventional electromagnetic actuators used in, for example, electromagnetic relays are opposed to each other by being driven by a magnetic field made of magnetic material and generated by energization of an excitation coil, and a yoke having a pair of opposing armature pieces made of magnetic material. A mover that abuts the armature piece and a permanent magnet that applies a magnetic field to the mover, and the mover is moved in the direction of the required armature piece by the polarity of the current flowing through the exciting coil, and the mover is attracted by the permanent magnet. Configured to be held. (For example, see FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1)

  As a similar electromagnetic actuator, as shown in FIG. 11, a first yoke 51 made of a magnetic material and having a pair of opposing armature pieces, and a pair of armature pieces 51 a and 51 b of the first yoke 51. An excitation coil 53a, 53b that is wound around a bobbin (not shown) disposed therebetween and generates a desired electromagnetic force when energizing an excitation current, and is driven by the magnetic field of the excitation coil, which is made of a magnetic material inserted through the bobbin. The movable element 55 which is reciprocated and is attracted by contact with the armature piece, is arranged between the first yoke 51 and the bobbin, generates a magnetic flux in the first yoke 51, and attracts the movable element 55. A permanent magnet 56 to be held and a second yoke 57 that constitutes a magnetic circuit together with the permanent magnet 56, are formed at positions where the movable elements 55 of the armature pieces 51 a and 51 b are in contact with each other, and are attracted by the permanent magnet 56. Some of which provided with abutment hole 51a1 made of long holes in a direction perpendicular to the direction of. (For example, see Patent Document 2 and FIG. 3)

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-30209 JP 2010-93948 A

  If it is an electromagnetic actuator that is symmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions, the bias of the electromagnetic force is small and the driving performance is not threatened. However, electromagnetic actuators composed of asymmetrical systems have a magnetic circuit arranged only on one side, and the mover attracts in the side direction (90 ° direction) against the electromagnetic force from the exciting coil and the holding force from the permanent magnet. It will drive while being.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 11B, the case where the mover 55 is in contact with the first armature piece 51a will be described. In the holding state, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 56 is the mover 55, the first The magnetic flux path A in the drawing passes through the armature piece 51a. Although the magnetic force for holding the mover 55 is generated in the Z direction, the magnetic force path A generates an attracting force in the Y direction between the mover 55 and the permanent magnet 56. In this case, there is only one magnetic flux path between the permanent magnet 56 and the mover 55, and the attracting force in the Y direction becomes strong, which becomes the main cause of the deterioration of the driving performance at the time of tripping. Further, due to this phenomenon, the movable element 55 is held in a state by a force F in the angle θ direction due to the resultant force of the holding force in the Z direction and the attracting force in the Y direction, and the holding state is unstable.

Further, for example, during the operation of opening the contacts (OFF operation), a voltage is applied to the excitation coil 53 (excitation coil 53b during the OFF operation) to drive the mover 55. As a result, operating performance deteriorates. FIG. 11B is a diagram showing a change in magnetic flux in accordance with the operation process. There is a magnetic flux A of the permanent magnet 56 is generated in the holding state, the magnetic flux B is generated from the exciting coil 53 b by applying a voltage to the excitation coil 53 b during OFF operation, cancel the holding state by demagnetizing the magnetic flux A Is done. When the holding state is canceled, the mover 55 starts to move in the OFF operation direction, and when the mover 55 starts moving, the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 53b is switched to the path of the magnetic flux C, and the mover 55 is electromagnetically driven by the magnetic flux C. Power is supplied and the other armature piece is reached.

  By switching to the magnetic flux C, a driving force for the OFF operation is supplied to the mover 55, but with the conventional structure, a large attractive force in the Y direction is generated simultaneously with the driving force in the -Z direction by the magnetic flux C. Accordingly, the mover 55 operates in the −Z direction while being influenced by the resultant force of the driving force in the −Z direction and the attracting force in the Y direction. Due to this resultant force, the mover 55 is driven while colliding with the bobbin, and friction more than expected is generated in the mover 55, resulting in a decrease in driving performance.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention reduces the side attracting force in the Y direction, which is a main factor for reducing the driving performance, while improving the driving performance while being an asymmetrical electromagnetic actuator. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic actuator and an electromagnetic relay using the electromagnetic actuator.

The electromagnetic actuator according to the present invention includes a yoke made of a magnetic material and having a pair of opposed armature pieces, a bobbin disposed between the pair of armature pieces of the yoke, and a desired winding when energizing an excitation current. An excitation coil that generates electromagnetic force, a mover that is made of a magnetic material inserted into the bobbin and that is attracted to one of a pair of armature pieces according to the polarity of the current applied to the excitation coil, and a magnetic field is applied to the yoke with a permanent magnet to hold the adsorbed mover Sekkyoku piece, and a magnetic plate for securing a magnetic flux path between the permanent magnet and the movable element, the magnetic plate, magnetic flux path flowing into the movable element It is symmetrical with respect to the axial direction of the mover and has a shape that forms a plurality of magnetic flux paths in which magnetic flux flows face each other .

  In the electromagnetic actuator according to the present invention, the shape of the magnetic plate for applying a magnetic field to the yoke and securing the magnetic flux path between the permanent magnet holding the mover attracted to the armature piece and the mover flows into the mover. Since a plurality of magnetic flux paths are divided into two or more, the side surface attracting force that pulls the mover toward the permanent magnet can be reduced, and the driving performance is improved.

It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the internal structure of the electromagnetic relay which incorporated the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 1, 2 of this invention. It is an external view of the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 1, 2 of this invention. It is a component diagram of the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 1, 2 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the main structures of the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the side view which abbreviate | omitted the 1st yoke of the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention, and the figure which shows the magnetic circuit. It is a top view of the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention, and a figure which shows the magnetic circuit. It is a figure which shows the effect of this invention. It is a figure which shows the driving force at the time of demerit and optimization in this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the main structures of the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is the side view which abbreviate | omitted the 1st yoke of the electromagnetic actuator concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention, and the figure which shows the magnetic circuit. FIG. 2 is a component diagram of a conventional electromagnetic actuator, (a) is a perspective view showing a main configuration, and (b) is a diagram showing a magnetic circuit.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
Hereinafter, an electromagnetic actuator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
1 is an exploded perspective view showing an internal structure of an electromagnetic relay incorporating an electromagnetic actuator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the electromagnetic actuator shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an electromagnetic actuator shown in FIG. FIG.

  In FIG. 1, an electromagnetic relay 100 includes an electromagnetic actuator 50, a first case 11, a case made up of a second case 12 and a cover 13 that are press-fitted into the first case 11, and a first fixing. A contact 1, a first movable contact 2 that forms an open / close circuit with the first fixed contact 1, a second fixed contact 3, and a second fixed contact 3 that forms an open / close circuit with the first fixed contact 1. Two movable contacts 4 are attached as external terminals of the electromagnetic relay 100. The cover 13 is attached by the cover screw 5.

The configuration of the electromagnetic actuator 50 will be described with reference to FIGS.
The first yoke 51 is made of a magnetic material and has a pair of first armature pieces 51a and a second armature piece 51b that are opposed to each other, and is formed in a U shape. The bobbin 52 is disposed between the pair of first armature pieces 51a and the second armature pieces 51b of the first yoke 51, and a mover insertion hole 52a into which a mover 55 described later is inserted is formed. ing.

  The exciting coil 53 is wound around the bobbin 52 and generates a desired electromagnetic force when exciting current is passed through the control signal cable 54. The exciting coil 53 receives an exciting current as a control signal through the first control signal cable 54a. The first exciting coil 53a to be energized and the second exciting coil 53b to be energized with an exciting current as a control signal through the second control signal cable 54b. These first exciting coil 53a and second exciting coil 53b form a so-called electromagnet.

The mover 55 is made of a magnetic material inserted through a mover insertion hole 52a provided in the bobbin 52, and is driven by the magnetic field of the excitation coil 53 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction. It contacts and is attracted to the pole piece 51a or the second contact piece 51b. Further, a screw hole 55a is formed on the movable element 55, for example, on the second armature piece 51b side.
Since the mover 55 is moved in accordance with the direction of the excitation current of the excitation coil 53, in the case of the direction of the excitation current by the first excitation coil 53a, the mover 55 is moved in the positive direction of the Z axis and by the second excitation coil 53b. In the direction of the excitation current, it moves in the negative Z-axis direction.

The permanent magnet 56 is disposed between the first yoke 51 and the bobbin 52, generates a magnetic flux in the first yoke 51, and attracts and holds the mover 55. The magnetic plate 57 is a second yoke constitutes a magnetic circuit together with the permanent magnet 56.
Contact holes 51a1 and 51b1 are formed at positions where the movable elements 55 of the first armature piece 51a and the second armature piece 51b of the first yoke 51 are in contact with each other. For example, the first armature piece The contact hole 51a1 formed in 51a consists of a long hole in a direction orthogonal to the direction attracted by the permanent magnet 56, and the figure is constituted by a rectangular polygonal long hole as an example. The contact hole 51b1 formed in the second armature piece 51b is a round hole as an example.
The contact hole 51a1 may be a round hole instead of the polygonal long hole. In short, the shape of the contact holes 51a1 and 51b1 is not an essential part of the present invention, and further description thereof is omitted.

  The cross bar 58 and the rod 59 are disposed on the second armature piece 51b side of the first yoke 51. One of the rods 59 is engaged with the cross bar 58 and an E-ring fixing groove 59a is formed. Yes. The other end of the rod 59 is formed with a rod screw portion 59 b that passes through the contact hole 51 b 1 of the second armature piece 51 b of the first yoke 51 and is screwed into the screw hole 55 a of the mover 55.

The contact pressure spring 60 is disposed between the rod 59 and the cross bar 58, and when the movable element 55 comes into contact with the second armature piece 51 b of the first yoke 51, the first fixed contact 1 and the first A contact pressure with the movable contact 2 and a contact pressure with the second fixed contact 3 and the second movable contact 4 are generated. An E-ring 61 that is engaged with an E-ring fixing groove 59 a provided in the rod 59 is provided so that the cross bar 58 does not come off the rod 59.
The first movable contact 2 and the second movable contact 4 are attached to the cross bar 58 and move according to the reciprocation of the mover 55, and the first fixed contact 1 and the second fixed contact. Contact or non-contact with the child 3 constitutes an electromagnetic relay.

Next, the operation of the electromagnetic actuator 50 will be described based on FIG. A mover 55 that reciprocates in the Z-axis direction is inserted into a mover insertion hole 52a provided in a bobbin 52 around which the first excitation coil 53a and the second excitation coil 53b are wound. The bobbin 52 into which the mover 55 is inserted is disposed between the contact pieces 51a and 51b of the first yoke 51 formed in a substantially U shape, and a permanent magnet 56 that generates a magnetic flux in the first yoke 51, and a permanent magnet. with magnets 56 through the magnetic plate 57 constituting a magnetic circuit, to engage with the bobbin 52 of the first yoke 51.

  A control signal cable 54 is drawn out from the exciting coil 53 so that a control signal can be input to reciprocate the mover 55. Here, the mover 55 is structured to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction by the electromagnetic force generated from the excitation coil 53, but even after the excitation of the excitation coil 53 is canceled, the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 56 The first armature piece 51a or the second armature piece 51b of the first yoke 51 is attracted and held.

  The mover insertion hole 52a formed in the bobbin 52 is provided with a clearance with respect to the Y-axis direction in order to realize smooth reciprocation of the mover 55. The mover 55 is always attracted and attracted in the negative direction of the X-axis by the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 56, and does not rotate around the Z-axis because of the anti-rotation structure.

The mover 55 is formed with a screw hole 55a, and a rod screw portion 59b provided on a rod 59 for fixing the cross bar 58 and the contact pressure spring 60 is screwed into the screw hole 55a of the mover 55, thereby moving the mover 55. 55 and the rod 59 are fixed integrally. A contact pressure spring 60 is disposed between the rod 59 and the cross bar 58, and when the movable element 55 comes into contact with the second armature piece 51 b of the first yoke 51, the first fixed contact 1. And a contact pressure between the first movable contact 2 and a contact pressure between the second fixed contact 3 and the second movable contact 4 are generated. Crossbar 58 is to prevent removal from the rod 59 engages the E-ring 61 to E-ring fixing groove 5 9a provided on the rod 59.

Next, main components of the electromagnetic actuator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 is a perspective view showing a yoke, a permanent magnet, and a mover constituting the electromagnetic actuator, FIG. 5 is a side view of the first yoke, and a magnetic circuit thereof, and FIG. 6 is a top view of the electromagnetic actuator and its magnetic circuit. It is a figure which shows a magnetic circuit. 4 to 6, the bobbin 52 around which the exciting coil 53 is wound is omitted.

  4 to 6, the first yoke 51 is made of a magnetic material and has a pair of first armature pieces 51a and second armature pieces 51b that are opposed to each other, and is formed in a U shape. An exciting coil 53 (only shown in FIG. 6) is wound around a bobbin 52 (not shown), and generates a desired electromagnetic force when energized with an exciting current. The exciting coil 53 is excited when driven in the ON operation direction. The first exciting coil 53a is energized with a current, and the second exciting coil 53b is energized with an exciting current when driven in the OFF operation direction. These first exciting coil 53a and second exciting coil 53b form a so-called electromagnet.

The mover 55 is made of a magnetic material inserted through a mover insertion hole 52a provided in the bobbin 52, and is driven by the magnetic field of the excitation coil 53 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction. It contacts and is attracted to the pole piece 51a or the second contact piece 51b.
Since the mover 55 is moved in accordance with the direction of the excitation current of the excitation coil 53, in the case of the direction of the excitation current by the first excitation coil 53a, the mover 55 is moved in the positive direction of the Z axis and by the second excitation coil 53b. In the direction of the excitation current, it moves in the negative Z-axis direction.

The permanent magnet 56 is disposed between the first yoke 51 and the mover 55, generates a magnetic flux in the first yoke 51, and attracts and holds the mover 55. For the magnetic plate 57 is a second yoke to ensure magnetic flux path between the permanent magnet 56 and the armature 55 is disposed between the permanent magnet 56 and the armature 55, the permanent magnet 56 to the armature 55 As shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic flux piece 57a is formed in a U-shape or U-shape so that the inflowing magnetic flux path becomes a plurality of paths φ1 and φ2 which are divided into at least two.

In addition, when a plurality of magnetic flux paths flowing from the permanent magnet 56 to the mover 55 are used, the magnetic flux paths need to be even paths so as to be symmetric with respect to the axis of the mover 55. By using a plurality of magnetic flux paths in this way, it becomes possible to cancel the attractive force generated between the permanent magnet 56 and the mover 55, and the side attracting force in the Y direction that pulls the mover 55 toward the permanent magnet 56 side. F can be reduced.
Note that the magnetic plate 57 is a second yoke having a plurality of flux paths, magnetic efficient magnetic material (e.g., such as electromagnetic soft iron SUY) formed by stacking a flat plate in the Y direction, the movable element 55 side This can be realized by bending one of the two pieces into a shape having two magnetic pole pieces 57a.

Next, the cause of the merits and demerits and the countermeasures due to the plurality of magnetic flux paths flowing from the permanent magnet 56 to the mover 55 will be described.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing fluctuations in the attracting force in the Y direction generated between the permanent magnet 56 and the mover 55 in a state where the mover 55 is held on the first armature piece 51a side. Is shown in contrast. Each left bar graph in FIG. 7 shows the holding force, and the right bar graph shows the suction force in the Y direction. In the conventional structure and the present invention, the suction force in the Y direction is the same as the input force in the present invention. It is reduced by 80% compared to the conventional structure.
By dividing the magnetic flux path into a plurality of paths in this way, the attracting force generated in the Y direction can be reduced by about 80% while maintaining the same state holding force, thereby improving the driving performance.

Next, FIG. 8 shows that when a plurality of magnetic flux paths are used, the ability to trip the holding state is lowered, and the ability to trip is increased by optimizing the gap Ga as a countermeasure. Here, the gap Ga, is that the Z-direction of the gap between the first Sekkyokuhen 51a and the second Sekkyokuhen 51b and magnetic plate 57 of first yoke 51 shown in FIG.
8A, 8B and 8C, the horizontal axis indicates the distance of the gap Ga, the vertical axis in FIG. 8A is the driving force, and the vertical axis in FIGS. 8B and 8C is OFF and ON. Shows the holding power. In the figure, the driving force is small when there is no optimization, and the driving force is large when there is optimization.

The reason why the driving force is reduced without optimization is that the magnetic resistance on the magnetic path is reduced by using a plurality of magnetic flux paths. In general, the magnetic resistance R is inversely proportional to the magnetic flux cross-sectional area as indicated by R = μ × L / S.
Wherein, L is the distance between the magnetic plate 57 and the movable element 55, S is the flux cross-sectional area between the magnetic plate 57 and the mover 55 (the magnetic flux passing area), mu is the magnetic permeability.
By making the magnetic flux path into a plurality of paths, the magnetic flux cross-sectional area S increases, and as a result, the magnetic resistance R of the magnetic flux path is reduced.

When the magnetic resistance R is reduced, the magnetic plate 57 from the permanent magnet 56 shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic flux A and the magnetic flux C passing through the first yoke 51 and flows into the armature 55 is increased. As a result, the demagnetization rate of the magnetic flux A due to the magnetic flux B generated by the exciting current energized in the second exciting coil 53b is reduced in order to trip the holding state.
In addition, since the magnetic field strength of the magnetic flux C increases, the ratio of the magnetic flux C to the magnetic flux B generated by the second exciting coil 53b increases, and there is a concern that the tripping capability may be further reduced.

The cause will be described in detail with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic flux B generated by the second exciting coil 53b (which depends only on the ampere turn regardless of the magnetic circuit) is the magnetic flux B1 passing through the magnetic path in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux A, and the magnetic flux C. Are divided into two magnetic fluxes B2 that pass through the magnetic path in the same direction, and the magnetic flux B becomes B = B1 + B2. Here, the magnetic flux B1 is a magnetic flux necessary for tripping the mover 55, and the magnetic flux B2 is a magnetic flux loss not related to the tripping.
Since the magnetic field strength of the magnetic flux B2 passing through the same magnetic path as that of the magnetic flux C increases due to a decrease in the magnetic resistance R, the magnetic flux B1 necessary for the trip of the mover 55 is reduced, and the tripping capability is lowered.

With respect to this problem, the gap Ga shown in FIG. 6 is optimized, and a magnetic circuit is configured to ensure a tripping capability and to reduce the Y-direction attracting force.
That is, by reducing the magnetic flux loss B2 that is not related to tripping as much as possible, the magnetic flux B1 necessary for tripping the mover 55 can be secured. For this purpose, the magnetic resistance R is increased by increasing the distance of the gap Ga, so that the magnetic flux loss B2 not related to tripping can be reduced. However, if the gap Ga is too large, the magnetic flux A necessary for the holding force of the mover 55 is also reduced, so optimization is necessary.

The optimization of the gap Ga will be described in detail with reference to FIG. First of all, a configuration in which the holding force and the driving force are equal to each other on the condition that the configuration is feasible with respect to the conventional structure is aimed at. In FIG. 8, the relationship between the gap Ga, the driving force, and the holding force in each state is evaluated by an approximate straight line.
The optimum x (= Ga) is determined under the following conditions.
y2 (= −0.6994x + 14.196)> = OFF holding force y3 (= −0.3829x + 34.496)> = x satisfying the ON holding force and y1 (= 3.94949x−25.765)> = current It is necessary to extract x that satisfies the driving force.
Then, an optimum gap Ga is determined by the above three formulas (y1, y2, y3) and the above determination conditions.

The distance (gap Ga) between the magnetic material plate 57 and the contact portion of the armature piece of the mover 55 is made larger than the moving distance of the mover 55 to increase the reluctance (magnetic resistance) as seen from the magnetic flux path. It can be set, and it becomes possible to prevent the leakage of the driving magnetic flux necessary for starting the state.
Also, spread in the Y-direction gap of the magnetic plate 57 and the movable element 55 is a second yoke, by narrowing the X-direction gap, but it is possible to further reduce the suction force, allowable dimensions and assembling errors of the product It is possible to optimize by considering the above.
That is, the magnetic gap between the magnetic material plate 57 and the mover 55 is a magnetic gap on the magnetic flux path that is divided into a plurality of paths with respect to the magnetic gap in the Y direction that attracts the mover 55 to the permanent magnet 56 side. Try to make it smaller.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, an electromagnetic actuator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a yoke, a permanent magnet, and a mover constituting the electromagnetic actuator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a side view of the first yoke as viewed from the direction of the black arrow in FIG. And a magnetic circuit thereof. In the figure, the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 showing the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

The magnetic plate 57 is a second yoke in the first embodiment, a plate of magnetic material formed by stacking the Y direction, were realized by performing such bending a single movable element 55 side but Figure 9 is a present invention embodiment 2, as shown in FIG. 10, magnetic plate 57 is a second yoke, U-shaped or U-shape formed magnetic efficient magnetic material (e.g. , Electromagnetic soft iron SUY, etc.) are laminated in the Z direction.
Also with this configuration, the magnetic flux path flowing from the permanent magnet 56 to the mover 55 becomes a plurality of paths φ1 and φ2 which are divided into at least two as shown in FIG. 10, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

As described above, with the configuration of the second embodiment, the processing of the magnetic body plate 57, which is the second yoke, is simplified, which is advantageous in terms of cost.
Also if this configuration, it is possible to reduce the eddy current loss due to magnetic flux interlinked with the magnetic plate 57 is a second yoke, which improves the magnetic efficiency of the entire structure.
In first and second embodiments, the shape of the magnetic plate 57 is a second yoke, has two pole pieces 57a, which is shaped in a U-shape or U-shape, and flows into the armature Although the magnetic flux paths are two paths, the magnetic pole pieces 57a may be formed into four paths to form four paths.

1: first fixed contact, 2: first movable contact,
3: Second fixed contact, 4: Second movable contact,
50: Electromagnetic actuator, 51: First yoke,
51a: 1st armature piece, 51b: 2nd armature piece,
52: Bobbin, 53: Excitation coil,
53a: first excitation coil, 53b: second excitation coil,
55: Movable element, 56: Permanent magnet,
57: magnetic plate (second yoke) 57a: magnetic plate pole pieces.

Claims (6)

A yoke made of a magnetic material and having a pair of opposing armature pieces, a bobbin disposed between the pair of armature pieces of the yoke, and a desired electromagnetic force generated when energizing an excitation current wound around the bobbin An excitation coil, a mover made of a magnetic material inserted into the bobbin and attracted to one of the pair of armature pieces by a current polarity applied to the excitation coil, and a magnetic field to the yoke A permanent magnet for holding the mover attracted to the armature piece; and a magnetic plate for securing a magnetic flux path between the permanent magnet and the mover. The magnetic plate is connected to the mover. An electromagnetic actuator having a shape in which an inflow magnetic flux path is symmetric with respect to the axial direction of the mover and a plurality of magnetic flux paths are opposed to each other .   The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic plate is formed in a U shape or a U shape, and a magnetic flux path flowing into the mover is symmetric with respect to an axis of the mover.   The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic plate is configured by being laminated in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux.   The magnetic gap between the magnetic plate and the mover is smaller than the magnetic gap on the magnetic flux path divided into a plurality of paths with respect to the magnetic gap in the direction in which the mover is attracted to the permanent magnet side. The electromagnetic actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is configured as described above.   The distance between the magnetic material plate and the contact portion between the armature and the armature piece is larger than the moving distance of the mover so that the reluctance (magnetic resistance) as viewed from the magnetic flux path can be set large. Item 5. The electromagnetic actuator according to Item 4.   An electromagnetic relay comprising: the electromagnetic actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 5; a movable contact connected to a movable element of the electromagnetic actuator; and a fixed contact contacting the movable contact. .

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