JP5626765B2 - Two-speed transmission - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a two-stage transmission that is mounted on, for example, an electric vehicle and outputs a rotational force input from a motor by switching between two stages of high speed and low speed.

  Conventionally, as the above-described two-stage transmission, there is one described in Patent Document 1, for example.

The two-stage transmission includes an input shaft coupled to the motor, an output shaft coupled to the drive wheel side, and a planetary gear mechanism coupled to both the input shaft and the output shaft.
The planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear that is always connected to the input shaft, an annular gear that is arranged around the sun gear, a carrier that is always connected to the output shaft, and a sun that is rotatably held by the carrier. A planetary gear meshing with both the gear and the annular gear is provided.

  The two-speed transmission also includes a transmission clutch that engages and releases the input shaft and the annular gear of the planetary gear mechanism, a friction element that rotates integrally with the input shaft, and an engagement state between the input shaft and the annular gear by the transmission clutch. 2 to permit the rotation of the annular gear in the same direction as the rotation direction of the friction element and to prevent the rotation of the annular gear in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the friction element in the released state of the input shaft and the annular gear by the speed change clutch. Has a directional clutch.

  That is, in this two-stage transmission, the input shaft and the annular gear are released by the transmission clutch, and the planetary gear mechanism is operated by preventing the rotation of the annular gear by the friction element and the two-way clutch. The rotation of the gear is transmitted to the output shaft at a low speed, while the input shaft and the annular gear are fastened by the speed change clutch, and the rotation of the annular gear is allowed by the friction element and the two-way clutch. Are rotated at the same rotational speed, and the rotation of the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft at a high speed.

JP 2005-30430 A

However, in the conventional two-stage transmission described above, in addition to the two-way clutch, two sets of heavy friction clutches such as a transmission clutch and a friction element are required, which makes it difficult to reduce the size and weight. It was.
In addition, at the time of high-speed rotation output in which the rotation of the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft as it is, the entire gear group constituting the planetary gear mechanism is rotated together with the input / output shaft, particularly the annular gear allowed to rotate. There is a problem that the inertial load becomes large, and it has been a conventional problem to solve these problems.

  The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-described conventional problems, and provides a two-stage transmission that can be reduced in size and weight and can reduce an inertia load at the time of high-speed rotation output. The purpose is to do.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention includes an input shaft connected to the rotation output shaft of the drive source, an output shaft, a sun gear fixed to the input shaft, and an annular shape surrounding the sun gear. A gear, a planetary gear that meshes with both the sun gear and the annular gear, and a carrier that rotatably supports the planetary gear to reduce the rotational output from the drive source applied to the input shaft. In the two-stage transmission including the planetary gear mechanism, the annular gear of the planetary gear mechanism is fixed, and the carrier that rotates with respect to the annular gear and the input shaft are selected and connected to the output shaft. a clutch mechanism for providing the clutch mechanism, Bo contacting a cylindrical portion which fitted into the input shaft is formed in the carrier to rotate relative to the ring gear, in both the cylindrical portion and the input shaft of the carrier The by plurality held while being fitted to be movable in and axially rotatable with said input shaft inside the cylindrical portion of the carrier, and an end portion movable in the axial direction to the output shaft rotation A sleeve that is impossiblely fitted, a torque transmitting ball held in a portion fitted to the input shaft of the sleeve, and a cylindrical portion of the carrier and the input shaft that are offset from each other in the axial direction. An engaging portion that engages with a torque transmitting ball of the sleeve and transmits each rotation to the sleeve, a position at which the torque transmitting ball held by the sleeve engages with the engaging portion of the carrier, and the input A drive unit configured to move the sleeve between an engagement portion of the shaft and a position of engagement with the shaft, wherein the drive unit includes a linear motion actuator having a push / pull rod, and the push / pull rod of the linear motion actuator; The reciprocating linear operation of turning to the pushing-pull rod has a configuration which comprises an arm which is transmitted to the sleeve support pin around which a push pull operation along a direction parallel to the direction perpendicular to the output shaft The two-stage transmission having this configuration is used as a means for solving the above-described conventional problems.

  In the two-stage transmission according to claim 1 of the present invention, when the input shaft is connected to the output shaft by the clutch mechanism, the rotational output from the drive source applied to the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft at a high speed, When the carrier that rotates relative to the annular gear is connected to the output shaft by the clutch mechanism, the rotational output from the drive source is decelerated and transmitted to the output shaft.

In this way, the high-speed rotation output that has not been decelerated and the low-speed rotation output that has been decelerated are selectively switched by a single clutch mechanism and output to the output shaft. The size and weight can be reduced by the amount not required.
In addition, the annular gear of the planetary gear mechanism is in a fixed state, that is, the annular gear of the gear group constituting the planetary gear mechanism is in a fixed state. The inertial load can be kept small.

Further, in a two-stage transmission according to claim 1 of the present invention, through the arm to move the sleeve in the axial direction by the linear actuator of the drive unit of the clutch mechanism, the torque transmitting balls held in the sleeve When engaged with the engaging portion of the input shaft, the rotational output from the drive source applied to the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft as it is.
On the other hand, the sleeve is moved in the axial direction via the arm by the linear actuator of the drive unit in the clutch mechanism, and the torque transmitting ball held by the sleeve is engaged with the engaging portion of the carrier that rotates with respect to the annular gear. When combined, the rotational output from the decelerated drive source is transmitted to the output shaft.

  In other words, since the friction clutch which increases in weight is not used to select and transmit either the high-speed rotation output that has not been decelerated or the low-speed rotation output that has been decelerated to the output shaft, the amount of the friction clutch is further increased. A reduction in size and weight will be achieved.

Since the two-stage transmission according to claim 1 of the present invention has the above-described configuration, it is possible to realize a reduction in size and weight and to reduce the inertia load during high-speed rotation output. Excellent effect.
In addition, since the above-described configuration is employed, a very excellent effect that further reduction in size and weight can be realized is brought about.

It is side explanatory drawing (a) and top explanatory drawing (b) of the electric vehicle carrying the two-stage transmission by one Example of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram (a) in a low-speed rotation output state of the two-stage transmission shown in FIG. 1 and a gear layout explanatory diagram (b) when the planetary gear mechanism is viewed from the motor side. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional explanatory view (a) and a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3 (a) showing the halved cross sections of the two-stage transmission in the low-speed rotation output state and the high-speed rotation output state. It is sectional explanatory drawing (c) in the BB line position of sectional explanatory drawing (b) and FIG. 3 (a). It is a cross-sectional explanatory drawing in the CC line position of Fig.3 (a).

Hereinafter, a two-stage transmission according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 4 show an embodiment of a two-stage transmission according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the case where the two-stage transmission according to the present invention is mounted on an electric vehicle will be described as an example. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle 1 is arranged on a vehicle body 2, wheels 4 supported via bearings 3 at a total of four locations on the vehicle body 2, front, rear, left and right, respectively, and on the left and right of the vehicle body 2. Motors 5 and 5 as drive sources, wheels 4 (drive wheels 4F) located at the front of the vehicle body 2, and two-stage transmissions 10 and 10 disposed between the motors 5 are provided.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the two-stage transmission 10 includes a case 11 that is fixed to the vehicle body 2, and a flat cover 12 that is fixed to the vehicle body 2 so as to face the flat plate portion 11 a of the case 11. The input shaft 13 connected to the rotation output shaft 5a of the motor 5 fixed to the cover 12, the output shaft 14 connected to the driving wheel 4F via the bevel gears 6 and 7, the case 11 and the cover 12 A planetary gear mechanism 20 disposed between them is provided.

  The planetary gear mechanism 20 includes a sun gear 21 fixed to the input shaft 13, an annular gear 22 disposed so as to surround the sun gear 21, and a plurality of planetary gears meshing with both the sun gear 21 and the annular gear 22. 23 and a carrier 24. The annular gear 22 is fixed to both the case 11 and the cover 12. The carrier 24 rotatably supports the planetary gear 23 via a pin 25, and outputs the rotation output from the motor 5 applied to the input shaft 13 by dropping it.

  The two-stage transmission 10 is either a carrier 24 that rotates with respect to an annular gear 22 that is fixed to both the case 11 and the cover 12, and an input shaft 13 that is connected to the rotation output shaft 5a. Is selected and connected to the output shaft 14.

  The clutch mechanism 30 includes a cylindrical portion 31 formed on the carrier 24 and fitted on the input shaft 13, and a sleeve 32 fitted on the input shaft 13 inside the cylindrical portion 31. Between the cylindrical portion 31 and the cylindrical portion 11b of the case 11, a bearing 8 for smoothly rotating the carrier 24 is disposed.

  The sleeve 32 holds a plurality of balls 33 in contact with both the cylindrical portion 31 and the input shaft 13 of the carrier 24, and the sleeve 32 rotates smoothly with respect to both the cylindrical portion 31 and the input shaft 13. It can move in the axial direction. The end portion of the sleeve 32 protruding from the cylindrical portion 31 and the output shaft 14 are formed with axial splines 32 a and 14 a that are engaged with each other in a state of being fitted to each other. The shaft is movable in the axial direction and is non-rotatably connected.

  The clutch mechanism 30 is formed by shifting the torque transmitting ball 34 held in the portion of the sleeve 32 fitted to the input shaft 13 and the cylindrical portion 31 of the carrier 24 and the input shaft 13 in the axial direction. Engaging portions 31a and 13a are provided. As shown in FIG. 3, the torque transmitting ball 34 and the engaging portions 31 a and 13 a are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, and the engaging portions 31 a and 13 a are both sleeves 32. The rotation of the carrier 24 and the input shaft 13 is transmitted to the sleeve 32 by engaging with the torque transmission ball 34, that is, the rotation of the carrier 24 and the input shaft 13 is transmitted to the output shaft 14.

  Further, the clutch mechanism 30 is engaged with the engaging portion 31 a of the input shaft 13 and the position where the torque transmitting ball 34 held by the sleeve 32 is engaged with the engaging portion 31 a of the cylindrical portion 31 of the carrier 24. The drive part 40 which moves this sleeve 32 between positions is provided.

The drive unit 40 includes a linear motion actuator 41 fixed to the cylindrical portion 11b of the case 11, a connection pin 42 disposed at the tip of the push-pull rod 41a of the linear motion actuator 41, and as shown in FIG. A support pin 44 fixed to the vehicle body 2 via a bracket 43 and an arm 45 whose middle part is rotatably supported by the support pin 44 are provided. The connection pin 42 and the support pin 44 are both provided along a direction parallel to the direction orthogonal to the output shaft 14, and the support pin 44 and the arm 45 are both disposed on both sides of the push-pull rod 41a.

  In this case, long holes 45a and 45a are respectively formed in one end portions of the pair of arms 45 and 45, and a drive bar 46 is spanned between the other end portions. By inserting the connecting pin 42 of the push-pull rod 41a through the long holes 45a, 45a of the pair of arms 45, 45 and engaging the drive bar 46 with the annular groove 32b formed at the end of the sleeve 32, The reciprocating linear motion of the push-pull rod 41 a of the linear actuator 41 is transmitted to the sleeve 32 via a pair of arms 45, 45.

  When the electric vehicle 1 equipped with the two-stage transmission 10 is driven, the linear actuator 41 in the drive unit 40 of the clutch mechanism 30 is installed as shown in the lower half of FIG. By operating, the sleeve 32 is moved in the axial direction through the rotation of the arm 45, and the torque transmitting ball 34 held by the sleeve 32 is engaged with the engaging portion 13 a of the input shaft 13. 3A, the rotational output from the motor 5 applied to the input shaft 13 is transmitted to the output shaft 14 as it is. That is, the electric vehicle 1 can be driven by high-speed rotation output.

  On the other hand, as shown in the upper half of FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, by operating the linear motion actuator 41 in the drive unit 40 of the clutch mechanism 30, the sleeve 32 is rotated via the rotation of the arm 45. Is moved in the axial direction, and the torque transmitting ball 34 held by the sleeve 32 is engaged with the engaging portion 31a of the carrier 24 rotating with respect to the annular gear 22, the thick line arrow in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the rotational output from the motor 5 that has been decelerated is transmitted to the output shaft 14. That is, the electric vehicle 1 can be driven by the low-speed rotation output.

  As described above, in the above-described two-stage transmission 10, the high-speed rotation output that is not decelerated and the low-speed rotation output that is decelerated are selectively switched by one clutch mechanism 30 and output to the output shaft 14. Therefore, the size and weight can be reduced by the amount that does not require a plurality of heavy friction clutches.

  Further, the annular gear 22 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 is fixed between the case 11 and the cover 12, that is, the annular gear 22 of the gear group constituting the planetary gear mechanism 20 is in a fixed state. Thus, the inertia load at the time of high-speed rotation output can be reduced by the amount that 22 does not rotate.

  Further, in the two-stage transmission 10 described above, a heavy friction clutch is used to select and transmit either the undecelerated high-speed rotation output or the decelerated low-speed rotation output to the output shaft 14. Therefore, the size and weight can be further reduced accordingly.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the two-stage transmission according to the present invention is mounted on an electric vehicle has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the two-stage transmission according to the present invention is not limited to this. You may employ | adopt as a transmission of a machine tool.

5 Motor (drive source)
5a Rotation output shaft 10 Two-stage transmission 13 Input shaft 13a Engaging portion 14 Output shaft 20 Planetary gear mechanism 21 Sun gear 22 Annular gear 23 Planetary gear 24 Carrier 30 Clutch mechanism 31 Carrier cylindrical portion 31a Engaging portion 32 Sleeve
33 Ball 34 Torque transmission ball 40 Drive unit 41 Linear actuator 41a Linear actuator push-pull rod 44 Support pin 45 Arm

Claims (1)

An input shaft coupled to the rotational output shaft of the drive source;
An output shaft;
A sun gear fixed to the input shaft, an annular gear arranged around the sun gear, a planetary gear meshing with both the sun gear and the annular gear, and the planetary gear rotatably supported by the In a two-stage transmission including a planetary gear mechanism including a carrier that outputs a rotation output from the driving source applied to an input shaft.
The annular gear of the planetary gear mechanism is in a fixed state,
A clutch mechanism is provided that selects either the carrier that rotates with respect to the annular gear or the input shaft and connects the selected input shaft to the output shaft.
The clutch mechanism is formed by a carrier that is formed on a carrier that rotates with respect to the annular gear and is fitted to the input shaft, and a plurality of balls that are in contact with both the cylindrical portion of the carrier and the input shaft. A sleeve that is rotatably fitted to the input shaft and movable in the axial direction inside the cylindrical portion of the carrier , and has an end portion that is fitted to the output shaft so as to be axially movable and non-rotatable. A torque transmitting ball held in a portion fitted to the input shaft of the sleeve, and a torque transmitting ball formed on the sleeve portion and the input shaft of the carrier so as to be shifted from each other in the axial direction. The engaging portion that engages and transmits each rotation to the sleeve, the position where the torque transmitting ball held by the sleeve engages with the engaging portion of the carrier, and the engaging portion of the input shaft. Matching position Comprising a driving unit for moving the sleeve between,
The drive unit rotates around a support pin along a direction parallel to a direction perpendicular to the output shaft by a push-pull operation of the push-pull rod of the linear motion actuator, and a linear motion actuator having a push-pull rod. 2. A two-stage transmission comprising an arm for transmitting a reciprocating linear motion of the push-pull rod to the sleeve.

Images