JP5509417B2 - 魚類のVasa遺伝子を用いた生殖細胞マーカー - Google Patents
魚類のVasa遺伝子を用いた生殖細胞マーカー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5509417B2 JP5509417B2 JP2008080789A JP2008080789A JP5509417B2 JP 5509417 B2 JP5509417 B2 JP 5509417B2 JP 2008080789 A JP2008080789 A JP 2008080789A JP 2008080789 A JP2008080789 A JP 2008080789A JP 5509417 B2 JP5509417 B2 JP 5509417B2
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Description
トコールズ・イン・モレキュラーバイオロジー(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Supplement 1〜38,John Wiley & Sons (1987-1997))等に記載の方法に準じて行うことができる。この変異DNAを適切な発現系を用いて発現させることにより、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、又は付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質を得ることができる。
5個体の養殖雄クロマグロ(3歳齢、体重約50kg)から精巣を摘出し、ドライアイス上で急速凍結した。得られた精巣組織からISOGEN(ニッポンジーン社製)を用いて全RNAを抽出し、DNAを分解するために2.2U/mlのRQ1 RNasa−Free DNase(Promega社製)、RNase inhibitor(東洋紡株式会社製)、10mM NaCl、6mM MgCl2、10mM Dithiothreitol(DTT)を含む40mM Tris−HCl(pH7.8)溶液を加え、37℃で60分間インキュベートした。その後、フェノール/クロロホルム抽出及びエタノール沈殿を行い、全RNAを精製し、濃度および純度を測定した。このようにして抽出した全RNA 2μgを鋳型として、一本鎖cDNA合成キットであるReady−To−Go You−Prime First−Strand Beads(GE ヘルスケアバイオサイエンス株式会社製)を用いてcDNAを合成した。
次に、これまでに報告のある各魚種(ニジマス、ゼブラフィッシュ、メダカ、ヨーロッパヘダイ、ペヘレイ、ティラピア、キンギョ、コイ)のVasaタンパク質におけるアミノ酸配列を比較した。これら配列中から、相同性が高くクロマグロVasaタンパク質においても保存されていると期待される領域を選び、配列番号11及び12に示されるdegenerate primerを作製した。これらプライマーを用い、実施例1で合成したcDNAを鋳型としてPCR反応を行い、クロマグロVasa遺伝子に由来すると予想されるDNA断片を増幅した。得られたDNA断片の塩基配列をABI Prism 3100−Avantジェネティックアナライザ(Applied Biosystems社製)により決定した。
まず、実施例1で合成したcDNAを鋳型として、配列番号15に示されるプライマー及び配列番号16に示されるプライマーを用いたPCR反応により配列番号17に示される1090bpのクロマグロVasa断片を増幅した。得られたDNA断片をpGEM−T easyベクター(Promega社製)に挿入しサブクローニングした。作製したベクターを鋳型として、ジゴキシゲニン(Digoxigenin:DIG)標識ウリジン3リン酸(DIG−11−UTP;Roche社製)及びRNAポリメラーゼ(SP6又はT7RNAポリメラーゼ;Promega社製)を使用したインビトロ転写反応より、センス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖のRNAプローブを合成した。
ブアン液で固定されたクロマグロ精巣組織から5μmの切片を調製し、スライドグラス上に伸展し、組織切片標本を作製した。実施例3で作製したRNAプローブを1μg/ml含むハイブリダイゼーション反応液(50μg/mlのtRNA、50%ホルムアミド、50μg/mlのヘパリン、1%SDSを含む5xSSC溶液(pH4.5))を切片に乗せ、65℃で18時間反応させた。その後、50%ホルムアミドを含む1xSCC溶液でリンスし、1xTBST溶液へ置換した後、ハイブリダイゼーション用ブロッキング溶液(Roche社製)で1時間インキュベートした。
ニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)生殖腺内に移植したクロマグロ生殖細胞の存在を検出するために、微量なDNAからでも特異性の高い増幅が可能なnestedPCRと、制限酵素による処理とを組み合わせた、簡便かつ精度の高いクロマグロVasa遺伝子検出方法を確立した。図3にクロマグロVasa遺伝子配列とホモロジーの高いニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)のVasa遺伝子領域を示すとともに、実験に使用したプライマー及び制限酵素HpaI認識サイトの位置を示す。
クロマグロまたはニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)の未成熟卵巣から2ミリ角の卵巣片を採取し、解剖用ハサミにより細切した後、トリプシン処理により細胞を分散させた。得られた両種の細胞懸濁液の細胞密度を血球算定盤を用いて測定した後、それぞれの懸濁液を目的の細胞数になるよう調整し混合した。また、ニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)卵巣細胞を106個に対して、マグロ卵巣細胞を101個混合するサンプルを調整する際には、クロマグロ卵巣細胞を正確な数量採取するため、ガラス製マイクロキャピラリーを装着したマイクロインジェクターを用いて、実体顕微鏡下での細胞分取を行った。
調整した混合液中の細胞から、QuickPrep Total RNA Extraction Kit (GE healthcare社製)を用いてtRNAを抽出し、SuperScriptIII RNaseH Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen社製)を用いてcDNAを合成した。nestedPCRは、配列番号19及び20に示す塩基配列からなるファーストプライマーセットと、配列番号21及び22に示す塩基配列からなるnestedプライマーセットを用いて行った。PCR反応液は、TakaraExtaq(Takara社製)を使用し、試薬に添付されたプロトコールに従って調整した。PCR反応条件は、94℃、2分間の熱変性;94℃、30秒の熱変性、60℃、30秒のアニーリング、72℃、30秒の伸長反応を30サイクル;72℃、3分間伸長反応であった。図4−1に示すように、nestedPCRにより、103〜106cellsのマグロ卵巣由来cDNAを含むサンプルでは、強いシグナルが検出された。一方、ニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)卵巣由来cDNAのみ、又は含まれる102cellsのクロマグロ卵巣由来cDNAの場合には、nestedPCRによるシグナルを検出することができなかった。以上のことから、本実施例のnestedPCRにより、クロマグロVasa遺伝子が特異的に増幅されることが示唆された。
次に、増幅された遺伝子断片が、宿主であるニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)のものではなく、クロマグロ由来であるかどうかを確認するために、制限酵素を用いてPCR産物を消化した。クロマグロとニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)Vasa遺伝子配列は非常にホモロジーが高いため、nestedPCRにより両方の遺伝子がともに増幅されてしまう可能性が高い。しかし、図3に示すように、クロマグロの配列には存在するHpaI認識配列が、ニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)には存在しない。そこで、制限酵素HpaIによる消化を検出することにより、増幅されたPCR産物がクロマグロ由来であるかニベ(Nibea mitsukurii)由来であるかを判定することが可能である。実際に実験を行った結果、nestedPCRにより増幅されるVasa遺伝子配列(179bp)はHpaIにより消化することで、146bpと33bpの断片が得られた(図4−2)。
Claims (2)
- 異種レシピエント魚に移植したマグロ由来の始原生殖細胞、精原細胞又は卵原細胞の検出方法であって、
配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるクロマグロVasa遺伝子において、第1669番目〜第1674番目に位置する制限酵素HpaIの認識配列を含む領域を増幅するよう設計されたプライマーセットを使用したPCRにより増幅されたDNA断片をHpaIで処理し、消化された場合に、該増幅されたDNA断片がクロマグロ由来であると判定することを特徴とする検出方法。 - PCRが、配列番号19及び20に示す塩基配列からなるファーストプライマーセットと、配列番号21及び22に示す塩基配列からなるnestedプライマーセットとを用いたnestedPCRであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の検出方法。
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ES2401724T3 (es) | 2013-04-24 |
US20100132056A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
EP2133423A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
IL201182A0 (en) | 2011-08-01 |
AU2008241974B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
MX2009010331A (es) | 2009-10-16 |
JP2008263967A (ja) | 2008-11-06 |
US8222385B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 |
AU2008241974A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
EP2133423A4 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
EP2133423B1 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
KR20100014457A (ko) | 2010-02-10 |
WO2008129838A1 (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
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