JP5496782B2 - Management device and power supply system for individual small-scale power generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wide-area power supply system, and more particularly to a wide-area power supply system for wide-area power generation that can be efficiently operated when a large number of power generation facilities such as a small-scale solar power generation system are operated.

  Currently, in the commercial power supply, a power company approved for each region owns a large-scale power generation facility and transmission / distribution power network mainly for nuclear power, thermal power, and hydropower with a scale of 300 to 500 MW per unit. Individuals who need electricity receive a small amount of electricity from the power company through the service line to the house, and pay a prescribed fee corresponding to the electricity used.

  On the other hand, in recent years, a system for small-scale photovoltaic power generation (PV) (hereinafter referred to as a PV system) has been promoted and promoted for private housing based on government subsidies due to environmental problems. ing. In the installation of this PV system, when an individual purchases and installs a small system of about 3 to 4 kW, a subsidy equivalent to approximately 1/3 of the purchase price is paid. In this way, basically, PV systems have become widespread in the form of individuals owning small-scale power generation devices.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the entire operation of a conventional PV system owned by an individual user. In FIG. 12, a PV system 92 is installed on the residential roof of the user 91 and connected to a commercial power system (not shown) owned by the power company 93. When there is sunshine, the user 91 consumes PV power 94 for electric appliances in the house among the generated power from the PV system 92, and surplus power that cannot be used by the user 91 is reverse power flow power 95 as a power company. Supplied to owned commercial power system. This power charge 96 is paid from the power company 93 to the individual user 91.

  When there is no sunshine, such as at night or in the rain, the PV system 92 does not generate power, so that the user 91 is supplied with commercial power 97 from a large power generation facility owned by the power company 93. A fee 98 corresponding to the amount of power is paid from the user 91 to the power company 93. In other words, the two charges are basically based on a method in which the integrated values are measured in units of one month by two independent watt-hour meters and then paid separately for payment.

  The fee 98 that the user 91 pays to the power company 93 and the fee 96 that the power company 93 pays to the user 91 are set to the current equivalent price (for example, 24 yen / kWh). Since the user 91 owns the roof-installed interconnection PV system 92, the user 91 himself / herself installs the device manufacturer, etc. To the maintenance service company), the maintenance 102 of the PV system must be performed.

  The spread of PV has been progressing while supplementing the point where solar power generation cannot be performed at night with a commercial system having other large power generation facilities. The basics of the system are expanding the use of natural energy to prevent global warming through three pillars: individual purchases, subsidies, and power purchases by power companies.

  Regarding the economical operation of a grid-connected private power generation system, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-42472 discloses a private power generation system that controls the power generation mode of private power generation based on energy information of the commercial power system and private power generation. Is disclosed.

  In the system shown in FIG. 12, due to the interconnection with the commercial power system, it is necessary to manage both the reverse flow power and the commercial power system, which is complicated and troublesome for an individual. In other words, it is necessary to check the charges at the two watt-hour meters and pay the charges.

  Moreover, it is necessary to maintain and manage the power generation system for a long time by individuals. For this reason, since it is necessary to determine the state of the apparatus only with the power generation data of the small-scale power generation apparatus alone, it is impossible to determine whether a normal power generation amount is obtained, and the timing of repair is missed. Sometimes. In particular, in the case of a PV system, the energy supply is the amount of solar radiation that changes depending on the monthly and yearly totals, and it is difficult to determine whether the power generation is normal or not from the power generation amount data only on the small-scale power generation side.

  Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system that can manage the operation and management of the individual small-scale power generation apparatus in an integrated manner.

  The present invention provides a centralized management and operation of the operation and management of an individual small-scale power generation device in a wide-area power supply system that performs power supply by linking an individual small-scale power generation device and a power wiring system including a large-scale power generation facility. It is characterized by doing.

  By taking such a configuration, conventionally the individual user himself / herself checks the power generation amount of the reverse power flow appropriately with a power meter, or is there any abnormality in the power conversion state, abnormal noise, heat generation, etc. of the inverter device installed indoors, For the solar cell module board on the roof, troublesome maintenance management such as occasional checking of whether there is an abnormality such as adhesion or cracking of an object that blocks sunlight can be eliminated. In other words, in the past, when any abnormality is found, it is necessary for the individual user to request one of the dealers, contractors, manufacturers, and other contractors that can perform maintenance and inspection, just like other electrical products. In contrast, according to the present invention, individual users are freed from long-term maintenance management.

  Furthermore, with regard to checking the amount of power generation that is closely related to the amount of solar radiation, centralized management makes it possible in terms of cost to manage detailed weather data that varies locally by region. Become. In addition, the individual user can immediately detect a decrease in the amount of power generation at a level where it cannot be determined whether the device is abnormal or due to a local weather change. Loss of power generation energy that would leave an output decrease of about 10% that a conventional individual user does not notice for 20 years or more can be prevented, and maintenance accuracy can be greatly improved as compared with the conventional case.

  Further, the organization that performs centralized management is a power company that owns or borrows at least one of a power wiring system and a large-scale power generation facility.

  As a result, it is possible to generate significantly more efficient power generation by managing and operating an organization such as a power company with specialized technology from the management state of each individual power generation facility with little specialized knowledge about small-scale power generation equipment and its operation method. Equipment operation and maintenance can be facilitated, power generation safety can be improved, and maintenance accuracy can be improved.

  Furthermore, an organization that performs centralized management owns individual small-scale power generators, installs small-scale power generators in buildings and sites owned by other organizations, and operates and manages them through dedicated communication lines or communication line networks. It is performed using.

  By adopting such a configuration, in solar power generation, wind power generation, and the like that require a large area for energy conversion, it is possible to enhance the effect of effectively utilizing rooftops and vacant land that have not been conventionally used. Moreover, by making the amount of generated power close to the amount of power consumed in the vicinity of the building, loss due to power transmission can be prevented, and the efficiency of the entire system can be improved, such as improving the accuracy of maintenance.

  Further, the organization that performs centralized management is characterized by performing centralized management including maintenance for each of a plurality of organizations after being divided into the number of targets equal to or less than the number of targets of centralized management.

  This enables effective management, maintenance, and repair maintenance by dividing the unit of centralized management into specific areas in consideration of weather conditions and geographical restrictions, even if the wiring power network is spread over a very wide area. And can be made more efficient.

  Furthermore, the individual small-scale power generation device is characterized in that it is constituted by any one of solar power generation, fuel cell, wind power generation and engine power generation, or a combination of these.

  By configuring in this way, it is necessary to consider the regional sunshine, weather characteristics such as wind power, fuel availability, environment, etc. comprehensively and adapt the power required for the power consumer after adapting to the region. Can be supplied well.

  In addition, by installing small-scale power generation equipment in a specific area in a concentrated manner, if the distribution network in that area is chronically short of capacity for power demand, the local power generation is increased and the capacity is insufficient. This makes it possible to adjust the local supply balance in the power grid, such as reducing the amount of power supplied through the distribution lines, so that it is not necessary to increase the number of power generation facilities having a huge capital investment. As such small-scale power generation devices become widespread, the distribution network can be reduced in capacity and simplified during maintenance, and the cost burden of comprehensive social infrastructure can be reduced.

  Furthermore, data related to the operation of the individual small-scale power generation equipment and the power consumption at the installation site is directly transferred from the individual power generation side to the organization side that performs the centralized management operation through data communication means including wired, wireless, and optical fiber. Alternatively, it is characterized in that data is collected and processed by using relay means, and the individual small-scale power generator is controlled and managed from the organization side.

  As a result, in the case of photovoltaic power generation, data on the power generation status of the power generation system is sent out, such as the amount of power generated by reverse power flow, the power conversion state of the inverter device, abnormal noise, heat generation, and a decrease in power generation due to adhesion of objects that block sunlight. Collect on the power supply organization side. By comparing these data with the change in the power generation supply amount in a specific area due to the sudden change in the amount of solar radiation ascertained by the centralized power supply organization, it is possible to determine whether or not the power generation system is abnormal. In addition, data such as billing can be sent from the centralized management side to the power consumers of individual power generation, and meter reading work can be integrated and simplified with the current individual power meter.

  Furthermore, the owner of the building or site where the small-scale power generator is installed is characterized by paying a discounted power consumption rate considering the usage of the building and site to the power supply organization that performs the centralized management and operation. To do.

  As a result, consumers of electric power are aiming to obtain cheap electric power, and therefore, it is possible to promote the movement of actively providing unused rooftops and premises, etc. to the power generation site, which is highly energy efficient. It will be possible to build social infrastructure.

  Furthermore, the maintenance of the small-scale power generation apparatus is characterized in that the organization side that performs the centralized management operation requests the organization itself or a third party organization based on at least data obtained by the communication means.

  As a result, when a large number of small-scale power generation devices are connected to the power supply system, the data from the small-scale power generation side is analyzed on the central management side, so that maintenance for each small-scale power generation can be performed almost in real time. It is possible to request a maintenance contractor to minimize the power generation loss period due to a failure or the like.

  The present invention centrally manages the operation and management of an individual small-scale power generation device in a wide-area power supply system that performs power supply in conjunction with an individual small-scale power generation device and a power wiring system including a large-scale power generation facility. Centralized management and management is characterized by performing centralized management including maintenance for each of a plurality of organizations after dividing the number of targets to be equal to or less than the number of targets for centralized management.

  The present invention centrally manages the operation and management of an individual small-scale power generation device in a wide-area power supply system that performs power supply in conjunction with an individual small-scale power generation device and a power wiring system including a large-scale power generation facility. The owners of buildings and sites that are operated and installed small-scale power generators pay a discounted power consumption rate that takes into account the usage fees of the buildings and sites to the power supply organization that conducts centralized management and operation. And

  As described above, according to the present invention, the operation and management of the individual small-scale power generation device are unified in the system that supplies power in conjunction with the individual small-scale power generation device and the power wiring system including the large-scale power generation facility. By conducting management and operation, it is not necessary to purchase a small-scale power generation device that has a large burden on an individual, and further, long-term equipment management and maintenance are not required. In addition, an organization that owns a huge distribution network can purchase and install large-scale small-scale power generation facilities in large quantities, so that low-cost and high-performance power generation facilities can be introduced as part of the power network facilities. And by unifying the purchase management so far for each small-scale power generation device, it is possible to realize the most efficient system as social infrastructure, such as enabling efficient operation of the entire power network.

It is a figure which shows the operation | movement with a commercial power system when installing the PV system of this invention. It is a figure showing the whole wide area power supply system composition of one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the procedure of the equipment applicant recruitment of the PV system of one Embodiment of this invention, a contract, installation deduction, and the electric power generation operation procedure. It is a figure which shows the example of installation of the PV system apparatus used by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the data relationship of the inverter data processing apparatus and electric power company computer in embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the power generation abnormality system detection aspect in centralized management. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the inverter overheat detection aspect in centralized management. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the panel leak detection aspect in centralized management. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the photovoltaic power generation amount integration in unified management. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the user monthly electric power charge calculation in an integrated management, and a charge. It is a figure which shows the flow of the data processing in the electric power company computer apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows operation | movement with a commercial electric power system when the conventional PV system is installed.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic operation mode of a wide area power supply system to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 1, a power company 1 installs a small-scale power generation device 3 owned by a power company on at least one of a site, a roof, and an indoor area owned by a user 2 who is a power consumer. Here, the electric power company 1 is an organization that basically owns a large generator and a distribution network. However, the organization may be operated by borrowing either one or both. The electric power company 1 receives a place provision 4 such as a site from the user 2 when installing the small-scale power generation device 3.

  The small-scale power generation device 3 includes a power generation device that is one of solar power generation, fuel cell, wind power generation, and engine power generation, or a combination thereof. When this small-scale power generation device is solar power generation, it is preferable to install the solar cell module plate on the roof of the house for effective utilization of the living space.

  At this time, instead of an individual, the owner of the land or building may be an organization that owns or manages an apartment house such as a condominium. In densely populated areas, etc., installation of solar power generation devices only on land is sometimes undesirable from the viewpoint of effective use of land and sunshine conditions, but installation itself is basically possible. From this device, it is connected to a commercial power system (such as a large generator and a distribution line) owned by the power company 1.

  As for the operation, when the small-scale power generator is in operation, power can be supplied to the user 2 who is the nearest power consumer, and surplus power that cannot be consumed by the user 2 flows backward to the commercial power grid owned by the power company. Supply as electric power 6.

  On the other hand, in a state where the small-scale power generation device 3 is stopped, the user 2 receives supply of commercial power from the power company 1. This power transmission switching is performed automatically. Moreover, since the electric power company 1 has many small-scale power generators 3, the small-scale power generators are integratedly managed using communication means and computer equipment. In other words, the user manages the device by bidirectionally communicating the power generation control, power supply data, etc. using a dedicated data line or communication line network between the computer (not shown) of the power company and the small-scale power generator 3. It is possible to easily and reliably collect information on the power supply amount 5, the reverse power 6 and other power generation data related to system operation.

  From these data, the power company 1 can grasp the total amount of power used for each unit period for each user, and can charge the user 2 and receive the charge 10. At this time, since the electric power company installs all or part of the small-scale power generation device in a place owned by the user, the borrowing cost differs from the power charge according to the site, the rooftop, and the indoor area. By subtracting, the user can obtain the price of the provided place. Regarding the management of the device, the power company detects a device abnormality from the contents of the communication data, and then performs maintenance 13 by making a maintenance request 12 to the maintenance / repair company 11.

  By configuring as described above, troublesome maintenance management such as charge settlement and maintenance using two power meters, which has been done so far, becomes unnecessary, and the user can own a small-scale power generator only by providing a place. The power consumption can be purchased at a discounted price. As a result, the overall management according to the present invention as a whole can greatly improve the maintenance accuracy and can realize a dramatic power generation system.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a wide area power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the small-scale power generation device is a PV system using silicon solar cells. When a large number of PV systems are dispersed and operated in conjunction with a power wiring system including a large-scale power generation facility, the power wiring system An embodiment in which the owner manages and operates the small-scale power generation apparatus collectively will be described below.

  The power generation principle of this PV system is not limited to solar power generation using solar cells using silicon, but is independent of semiconductor solar cells other than silicon or power generation equipment other than PV systems such as fuel cells and wind power. It can be applied even when other power generation methods capable of generating power are mixed.

  FIG. 2 shows an overall configuration of a wide area power supply system including 100 PV systems owned by an electric power company. Electric power from the large-scale power generation facility 20 is transmitted through a transmission line 21 of 500,000 V. Is sent to the primary substation 22. In the primary substation 22, the high voltage of 500,000 V is reduced to about 10,000 V and transmitted to the secondary substation 24 through the transmission line 23. Power is distributed to the small power user 26. Since the user 26 is not provided with a small-scale power generation device, only a 200V low-voltage small-end power supply is performed in one direction as indicated by an arrow 27.

  On the other hand, the users 28a, 28b, 28c who have installed the PV system owned by the electric power company, as indicated by an arrow 29, supply commercial power to the 200V grid 25 and reverse power flow from small-scale generated power. Is performed by the existing wiring 25 by the automatic switching function of the interconnection inverter device. The computer 30 of the electric power company connects the large-scale power generation facility 20 and the substations 22 and 24 with dedicated communication lines 31, 32, and 33, respectively, and performs control and management.

  A plurality of users 28a, 28b, and 28c with the PV system are connected to the computer 30 of the electric power company through the wiring 35 from the Internet wiring 34 using the CATV line. With this bidirectional communication connection, a large number of individual PV systems can be managed collectively.

  Users 28a, 28b, and 28c connect to the power company's computer 30 via the Internet 37 and refer to various user-level data related to power generation from time to time by personal personal computers (PCs) 36a, 36b, and 36c. Can do.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a procedure in which an electric power company installs a PV system, which is a small-scale power generation device in a wide-area power supply system, for many users. First, in step (abbreviated as SP in the figure) SP1, individuals who own a place where the PV system can be installed and intend to provide the place are recruited through existing media such as newspapers and televisions. Next, in step SP2, the electric power company contracts with the individual on the roof, indoors, etc. of the recruited individual house, and completes the PV system by performing installation work. The construction can also be performed by a PV device manufacturer or an affiliated company. Further, as shown in step SP3, the facility operates to generate electricity while performing maintenance and the like.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an installation state of the PV system in a house. For power generation using solar cells, a solar cell module of about 1 m square (or called a module plate) is installed on a roof with good sunlight. The structure of the module itself is such that about 50 cells produced by pn junction, electrode formation, etc. using a semiconductor process are connected in series on a polycrystalline silicon substrate material of about 12 cm square on the back side of an approximately 1 m square tempered glass plate. Above, what was pasted using transparent resin etc. is used. This module also ensures long-term weather resistance through measures such as moisture protection. As the power generation capacity of the module alone, it has a power generation performance of about 120 W at the maximum in sunshine.

  For a private house roof, a panel 40 in which 34 modules are connected in series and in parallel is attached to the south roof surface 41 of the house, and the maximum power generation capacity of the entire panel is approximately 4 kW. With this power generation capacity, the cumulative amount of generated power annually obtained from solar energy is almost equal to the amount of power used by the house per year, which is 4800 kWh. The electric power 42 immediately after being generated by the solar battery is DC electric power, and the TV 46 which is an AC electric power using apparatus via an inverter device 431, a distribution board 44, and an indoor wiring 45 constituted by electric circuit parts / devices for conversion to AC. Electric power is consumed by the air conditioner 47 or the like. However, the surplus power is automatically sent from the inverter device 431 (via the lead-in wiring 49 to the commercial power system 48 by the function of the electric circuit of the inverter device 431 (reverse power flow). It is automatically supplied from the same wiring 49 by the above function, and a data processing device 432 for centrally managing a large number of PV systems is attached in the inverter device 431.

  FIG. 5 focuses on one PV system showing a basic configuration for centralized management. Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the centralized management of 100 individual PV systems installed in an area where the weather conditions are considered to be the same within a radius of 1 km will be described. The solar cell panel 51, the inverter device 52, and the data processing device 53 are attached to the user's house or wall.

  The data processing device 53 is the same as the data processing device 432 in FIG. The voltage and current values of the DC output power from the solar panel 51 are converted into digital signals in the data processing unit 53 together with the analog output values from the sunshine meter and the thermometer 63, and a dedicated line (two-way communication is possible) Alternatively, it is connected to a power company computer 55 via the Internet) 54. The computer 55 is connected to the user's personal computer 56 and the Internet 57 and to the maintenance company's computer 58 via the Internet 59. If the Internet is used, the lines 54, 57, and 59 are in the same network, but it is technically possible to include some dedicated lines. Bi-directional digital communication is possible between any devices.

  The data handled by the electric power company computer 55 can be broadly classified as follows: an input data string 60 from the data processing device 53 to the computer 55, a data calculation processing sequence 61 in the computer 55, a computer 55 to the data processing device 53, and a maintenance company personal. An output data string 62 to the computer 58 and the user personal computer 56 is constituted. The input data string 60 includes eight items of a photovoltaic power generation amount 60a, a solar radiation amount 60b, an air temperature 60c, an inverter state 60d, a panel leak current 60e, a user power consumption 60f, a reverse power flow 60g, and an operating current 60h. The data calculation processing column 61 includes six items of other panel power generation data comparison 61a, failure diagnosis 61b, power generation data processing 61c, power charge calculation 61d, totalization 61e, and analysis storage 61f. The output data string 62 includes four items: a start / stop signal 62a, maintenance request data 62b, a user reference 62c, and a charge bill 62d.

The other panel power generation data comparison 61a has the same performance in the same format in the other PV system with the input data of the solar power generation amount 60a in the PV system, the solar radiation meter, the solar radiation amount 60b from the thermometer 63, and the panel temperature 60c. This is done by comparison and calculation with photovoltaic power generation data from the panel. The PV power generation amount 60a in the PV system is 4 kW when the solar radiation amount is 100 mW / cm ² in fine weather, but the value is almost proportional to the solar radiation amount (when the panel reference temperature is 25 ° C.). However, the amount of power generation varies with the same amount of solar radiation due to changes in panel temperature. Since the panel temperature 60c rose to 72 ° C. when the temperature was as high as 30 ° C., the photovoltaic power generation 60a was 3.8 kW.

  That is, the photovoltaic power generation amount 60a showed a reduction rate (r) of 0.3% with respect to an increase in the panel temperature of 1 ° C. A method for detecting and identifying a PV system having a power generation abnormality from a wide-area power supply system having 100 PV systems will be described below.

As the procedure, the PV power generation amount D (kW), the solar radiation amount N (mW / cm ² ), and the panel temperature T _P (° C.) instantaneous values at the same time of each PV system are used. After calculating the converted solar power generation amount S (kW) of the system, the average value H ₁₀₀ of ₁₀₀ of the 100 houses is obtained, and each output storage rate R (%) from this average value is obtained and compared. Thus, a PV system having a power generation abnormality is detected.

The converted solar power generation amount S of each PV system is obtained from the following equation (1).
S = D × (100 / N ) × [100 / {100- (T k -T p) r}] ... (1)
Here, r is a reduction rate and T _k is a reference temperature. The reduction rate r indicates a value determined by the manufacturing method and structure of the solar cell.

The output storage rate R is obtained by the expression (2).
R = (S / H ₁₀₀ ) × 100 (2)
Arranged from the PV system installed at point X with the smaller output preservation ratio RX value (larger power generation performance degradation), R ₄ ; 93.2%, R ₅₂ ; 96.6%, R ₆₈ ; 97.0% , R ₇₇ ; 99.1%. In this way, the other panel power generation data comparison 61a is performed, and it is possible to instantly identify and detect from the centralized management side that the PV system at the fourth point having the smallest R ₄ value has the greatest decrease in power generation performance.

  Through this data calculation process, the inverter device 52 can be stopped by outputting the stop signal 62a 62, and at the same time, the maintenance request data 62b can be used to instruct maintenance of the PV system at the fourth point to the maintenance company personal computer 58 via the Internet 59. It was. When the PV system was checked by a maintenance company, it was removed because dead leaves happened to stick to a part of the module, causing a decrease in power generation. A series of these processing procedures is shown in the flowchart of FIG. In FIG. 6, the amount of photovoltaic power generation is input every 5 minutes in step SP11, and the amount of solar radiation and the panel temperature are input in step SP12. In step SP13, the converted solar power generation amount is calculated, and in step SP14, the output storage rate calculation is performed.

  In step SP15, an output storage ratio comparison calculation is performed, in step SP16 a power generation abnormality system detection calculation is performed, and in step SP17 a maintenance request is made. For restoration, the PV system is activated again by contacting the maintenance company personal computer to the power company.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the inverter overheat detection mode in the unified management. From the inverter operating state detection performed in parallel with the processing shown in FIG. 6 to maintenance will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 7 again. In step SP21 shown in FIG. 7, when an inverter heating signal of 120 ° C. or more is input to the inverter state 60d, the state is transmitted to the failure diagnosis 61b, and a stop signal 62a is immediately sent to the PV system side to stop the PV system. Let At the same time, in step SP22, the status is transmitted to the maintenance request data 62b and is contacted to the personal computer of the maintenance company, and processing is performed.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the panel leak detection mode in the unified management. In step SP31 of FIG. 8, a panel leak (leakage current) 60e is input, and in step SP32, it is determined whether or not the panel leak is 20 mA or more. When the panel leak is 20 mA or more, the panel leak is increased to 50 mA or more in step SP33. When it is determined that the level has increased to 20 to 50 mA, the failure diagnosis 61b stops the PV system in step SP34, and a maintenance request 62b is made in step SP35. At the same time, when the value of the panel leak current 60e becomes an abnormal value exceeding 50 mA, the stop signal 62a is transmitted to the inverter device 52 via the data processing device 53, and the PV system is stopped. In this way, only the power generation equipment having an electrical security problem can be stopped immediately for maintenance, and the PV system to be repaired can be detected.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a procedure for integrating the amount of photovoltaic power generation in the unified management. In step SP41 in FIG. 9, the amount of photovoltaic power generation is input, and it is determined in step SP42 whether 5 minutes have elapsed. In step SP43, the 5-minute average electric energy is calculated, and the integrated value is stored in step SP44. As part of the service to the user, the power generation data processing 61c in FIG. 5 calculated the generated power amount kW by regarding the instantaneous value kW of the solar power generation amount 60a every 5 minutes as an average value for 5 minutes. It is stored in the user reference 62c above. The power charge calculation 61d is billed to the user's personal computer 56 via the Internet 57 using the user power consumption 60f to charge a monthly charge 62d using a small contract contract unit price of 24 yen. The calculation formula is given by the formula (3).

User monthly power charge (yen) = User monthly power consumption (kWh) x
Unit price (yen / kWh) x (1-installation place loan discount rate (%) / 100) (3)
In this embodiment, 5% is applied as the installation place rental discount rate. These series of processing procedures are represented by the flowchart shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, user power consumption is input in step SP51, and monthly power consumption is integrated in step SP52. In step SP53, a user monthly power charge is calculated, and a charge is charged in step SP54. The fee calculation is effective when the user owns and operates the personal computer 56, but in parallel, billing and bank withdrawal can be performed by mail from an electric power company as in the past.

In addition, data such as the user reference 62c and billing 62d can be read from the user's personal computer side via the Internet 57 at any time, and contribute to the use of natural energy by renting a private roof to an electric power company. Can be recognized. In addition to the above description, the user reference data includes, in addition to conventional information such as monthly power consumption, fee and withdrawal date from bank account, hourly power consumption, roof installation sun It is also possible to include the amount of photovoltaic power generation, the amount of oil saved by utilizing natural energy, and the amount of CO ₂ reduction.

  Furthermore, the totalization 61e and the analysis storage 61f automatically totalize and store various data such as the reverse power flow 60g and the operating current load 60h, respectively. In addition, it is easy to save all data related to the computer 55.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram showing data processing in the computer device of the electric power company in the embodiment of the present invention. The data processing device (53 shown in FIG. 5) in the inverter is connected to the connection port 70a shown in FIG. 11 via a dedicated line or the Internet, and can transmit data signals to and from the computer 73 (same as 55 in FIG. 5). It has become. Similarly, signal transmission from other PV systems can be performed in parallel at the connection ports 70b and 70x. Further, it is similarly connected to the personal computer of the individual user (56 in FIG. 5) via the connection port 71a. Similarly, a personal computer of an individual user to which another power generation system is attached is connected through a connection port 71b. In addition, a connection port 72 is connected to a computer (58 in FIG. 5) of a maintenance company.

  In the computer 73, software in the system disk 75 controls basic operations of the entire computer by a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as CPU) 74. Starting, stopping, power generation data request, etc. of the photovoltaic power generation system are sent from the system disk 75 to the data processing device (53 in FIG. 5) on the photovoltaic power generation system side via the signal line 76, CPU 74, signal line 77 and port 70a. Reportedly. As a result, various information such as the amount of solar power generation, the amount of sunlight, the temperature, the reverse power flow amount, and the power consumption amount of the user is stored in the reception data memory 78a1 of the memory area 78 through the port 70a again from the data processing device. Is done. The user information memory 78a2 stores semi-fixed information such as contractor information, discount rate, transaction bank information, basic data of the photovoltaic power generation system, that is, system configuration, power generation capacity, location, and the like.

  For other PV system installation users, similar data is stored in the reception data memory 78b1, user information memory 78b2, and the like. These portions can be created as appropriate according to the number of users. In addition, these areas 78 are provided with a plurality of memories 79a, 79b, 79c for storing various information such as the amount of sunlight and temperature from other than the wide-area power generation network, so that necessary information can be obtained via a port (not shown). By taking in and storing, it can be used for power generation prediction.

  Although an example in which the memory is composed of a RAM (Random Access Memory) has been described, it is of course possible to use a memory such as a hard disk. Since the amount of data shown in these memories 78 and 79 becomes enormous with the passage of time, for example, the time summary data is converted into integrated data for each day after one month, and the data is compressed via the data bus 80. The data is sequentially stored in the large data storage device 81 as a semi-permanent data file.

  Next, the part which grasps | ascertains the operation condition of each PV system is demonstrated. In accordance with a command from the software in the system disk 75, the power generation data of each system periodically stored in the reception data memories 78a1, 78b1, etc., the contents of the memory 79 for storing various information such as the amount of sunlight, the temperature, or the data storage By performing data processing such as comparison, calculation, and reference on the contents of the device 81 by the CPU 74, detection of a PV system that has caused a decrease in power generation is performed.

  These results and history are also stored in the user information memory 78a2. Thus, when a PV system with an abnormal power generation state is discovered, it is automatically connected to the maintenance company computer (58 in FIG. 5) via the port 72, and information necessary for maintenance (failure mode, location) Etc.) and automatically send maintenance requests. This information is also communicated to the personal computer of the individual user (FIG. 5) via the port 71a. After that, the maintenance schedule, etc. for the maintenance, the user, and the power network are determined from the display device 84 with the keyboard input. It is performed by the operation. After the maintenance is completed, the power generation facility can be activated again from the centralized power network organization side of the corresponding power generation facility, and the power generation operation state can be set again.

  Next, a user's electric power charge is demonstrated. From the power company computer 10, for example, the monthly power consumption (kWh) and the billing details of the power charge taking into account the discount rate are printed on the printing paper 83 by the printer 82 from the CPU 74 and mailed to the user. Is done. It is displayed on the user personal computer (FIG. 5) via the port 71a together with information related to the use of power and data such as the amount of photovoltaic power generated at the request of the user.

  In addition, within the power company, organic management of the entire power network is possible, including rewriting the contents of the system disk 75 as needed while displaying the whole or detailed parts on the display device 84 with keyboard input connected to the CPU 74. It is said.

  In the wide-area power supply system of this embodiment, cost estimates (relative values) for 20 years in the user and the power company are shown in Table 1 together with a comparative example.

  The comparative example is a case where the user himself purchases a PV system. The equipment cost is 270, and the power cost is 0 because the purchased power is equal in cooperation with the commercial system of the PV system. Maintenance costs are estimated at 20 over 20 years. The total is 290. In this embodiment, since the electric power company purchases the PV system, the user's equipment cost is 0, and the power cost is 300 for the net electric power used by the user. However, a PV installation site is rented to an electric power company, and income 15 is obtained. Therefore, this balance is 285.

  On the other hand, in the electric power company, the application of this embodiment causes the equipment cost per one PV system to be 260 compared to 270 for individual users due to mass purchase. The device installation site cost 15 is a cost of borrowing the user's roof for 20 years. The distribution line maintenance cost of -20 is due to the fact that a large number of PV systems are installed in the immediate vicinity of the user, thus reducing the peak power value during the daytime in summer so that the capacity of the distribution line can be reduced and the power peak. This is due to the effect of reducing the excess power generation facilities. Maintenance costs can be reduced to 10 because the maintenance costs can be streamlined by centralizing maintenance work, compared to 20 when the user requests them individually. The management and operation cost is 10 for the cost of managing and managing a large number of PV systems. Electric power sales-300 is the same amount as the user electric power cost. In total, the power company can make 15 profits.

  From the above estimation, the user can purchase electric power by 5 cheaper than the conventional (comparative example), and the electric power company can obtain 15 profits.

  Although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the case of PV system, small-scale power generation equipment other than PV, such as fuel cells, wind power generation, and engine power generation, is applicable also to the case of small-scale power generation equipment which combined these suitably. Needless to say. The operation of the power system including a large number of small-scale power generation facilities enables power generation management operation only in a specific area in the event of a disaster, and is enhanced in terms of safety compared to conventional power generation systems centered on large-scale power generation. It will be useful.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  1 Power Company, 2 Users, 3 Small Power Generation System, 4 Location Provision, 5 Power Supply, 6 Reverse Power Flow, 10 Fees, 11 Maintenance / Repair Company, 12 Maintenance Request, 13 Maintenance, 20 Large Scale Power Generation Equipment, 21 Transmission Electric wire, 22 Primary substation, 23 Transmission line, 24 Secondary substation, 25 systems, 26 Small power user, 27, 29 arrow, 28a, 28b, 28c User, 30 Electric power company computer, 31, 32, 33 Dedicated communication 34, 34 CATV line wiring, 35 wiring, 36a, 36b, 36c Personal personal computer of the user, 37, 57 Internet, 40 panels, 41 South roof surface, 42 Electric power, 431 Barter equipment, 44 Distribution box, 45 Indoor wiring, 46 TV, 47 Air conditioner, 48 Commercial power system, 49 Recessed wiring, 51 Solar battery pack 52, Inverter equipment, 53 Data processing device, 54 Dedicated line, 55, 58, 73 Computer, 56 Personal computer, 59 Internet, 60 Input data string, 60a Solar power, 60b Sunlight, 60c Air temperature, 60d Inverter state, 60e Panel leakage current, 60f User power consumption, 60g Reverse power flow, 60h Operating current load, 61 Data calculation processing sequence, 61a Other panel power generation data comparison, 61b Fault diagnosis, 61c Power generation data processing, 61d Power charge calculation, 61e Totalization , 61f Save for analysis, 62 Output data string, 62a Start / stop signal, 62b Maintenance request data, 62c User reference, 62d Billing, 63 Solar meter, Thermometer, 70a, 70b, 70x, 71b, 72 Connection port, 74 CPU, 75 system Disc, 76, 77 signal line, 78 memory area, 78a1, 78b1 received data memory, 78a2, 78b2 user information memory, 79a, 79b, 79c memory, 80 data bus, 81 data storage device, 82 printer, 83 printing paper, 84 Display device, 91 users, 92 PV system, 93 electric power company, 94 PV power, 95 reverse power flow, 96 power charge, 97 commercial power, 98 charge, 99 power generation data, 100 PV manufacturer, 101 maintenance request, 102 maintenance, etc. .

Claims (12)

A management device for managing individual small-scale power generation devices,
As data relating to power generation of a plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices, collecting power generation amount data of the individual small-scale power generation devices and data indicating the weather conditions of the place where the individual small-scale power generation device is installed,
Using the power generation amount data of the individual small-scale power generation device and data indicating the weather conditions of the place where the individual small-scale power generation device is installed, the individual small-scale power generation device is placed under a reference condition of weather conditions. For example, the converted power generation amount, which is the power generation amount obtained, is calculated for the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices,
By comparing the calculated amount of converted power generation, an individual small-scale power generation device having a large power generation performance degradation is detected from the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices,
A management apparatus for an individual small-scale power generation apparatus that transmits information on the individual small-scale power generation apparatus having a large decrease in power generation performance. The management device detects large individual small turbine generator of the power generation performance degradation by identifying the smallest value among the conversion power generation amount calculated for the plurality of individual small-scale power generation system, according to claim 1 The management device of the individual small-scale power generation device described in 1. The management device calculates an average value of the converted power generation amount calculated for the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices, the converted power generation amount is smaller than the average value, and a difference between the average value and the converted power generation amount is The individual small-scale power generation device management apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the individual small-scale power generation device having a large decrease in power generation performance is detected by specifying the converted power generation amount that is about 10% of the average value. The individual small-scale power generation device is a solar power generation device,
The individual small-scale power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the data indicating the weather condition is data indicating a solar radiation amount to the solar power generation device and a panel temperature of the solar power generation device. Management device. The said management apparatus is a management apparatus of the individual small scale power generation device of Claim 4 which calculates the said conversion electric power generation amount using the following formula | equation.
S = D × (100 / N) × [100 / {100− (Tk−Tp) × r}]
Where S is the converted power generation amount, D is the power generation amount data, N is the amount of solar radiation to the solar power generation device, Tk is a panel reference temperature that is a reference state of weather conditions, and Tp is a panel of the solar power generation device. The temperature r is a reduction rate that is a rate at which the power generation amount of the solar power generation device is reduced with respect to an increase in the panel temperature of 1 ° C. of the solar power generation device. 6. The management apparatus for an individual small-scale power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices are installed in an area where weather conditions are considered to be the same. A management device for managing individual small-scale power generation devices;
A computer,
A display device connected to the computer,
The management device
As data relating to power generation of a plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices, collecting power generation amount data of the individual small-scale power generation devices and data indicating the weather conditions of the place where the individual small-scale power generation device is installed,
Using the power generation amount data of the individual small-scale power generation device and data indicating the weather condition of the place where the individual small-scale power generation device is installed, the individual small-scale power generation device is placed under the reference condition of the weather condition. For example, the converted power generation amount, which is the power generation amount obtained, is calculated for the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices,
By comparing the calculated amount of converted power generation, an individual small-scale power generation device having a large power generation performance degradation is detected from the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices,
Sending out information on the individual small-scale power generation device having a large decrease in power generation performance,
The power supply system, wherein the computer receives the information transmitted from the management device and causes the display device to display the received information. The management device detects large individual small turbine generator of the power generation performance degradation by identifying the smallest value among the conversion power generation amount calculated for the plurality of individual small-scale power generation system, according to claim 7 The power supply system described in 1. The management device calculates an average value of the converted power generation amount calculated for the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices, the converted power generation amount is smaller than the average value, and a difference between the average value and the converted power generation amount is The power supply system according to claim 7 , wherein an individual small-scale power generation device having a large decrease in power generation performance is detected by specifying the converted power generation amount that is about 10% of the average value. The individual small-scale power generation device is a solar power generation device,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 7 to 9 , wherein the data indicating the weather condition is data indicating an amount of solar radiation to the solar power generation device and a panel temperature of the solar power generation device. The said management apparatus is an electric power supply system of Claim 10 which calculates the said conversion electric power generation amount using the following formula | equation.
S = D × (100 / N) × [100 / {100− (Tk−Tp) × r}]
Where S is the converted power generation amount, D is the power generation amount data, N is the amount of solar radiation to the solar power generation device, Tk is a panel reference temperature that is a reference state of weather conditions, and Tp is a panel of the solar power generation device. The temperature r is a reduction rate that is a rate at which the power generation amount of the solar power generation device is reduced with respect to an increase in the panel temperature of 1 ° C. of the solar power generation device. The power supply system according to any one of claims 7 to 11 , wherein the plurality of individual small-scale power generation devices are installed in an area where weather conditions are considered to be the same.

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