JP5415478B2 - Voltage control system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a voltage control system that controls the voltage of a distribution line when the voltage of the distribution line fluctuates as it rises or falls.

  Distribution line voltage fluctuations occur due to various factors. For example, when electric vehicles and fuel cells become popular in the future, nighttime voltage fluctuations occur due to charging of the electric vehicles. In this case, the substation is expected to have difficulty adjusting the delivery voltage.

  In addition, when a consumer of high-voltage power reception is a factory or the like, since a delay power factor device such as an induction motor is usually in operation, the consumer has installed a power factor improving capacitor. The “Electricity Supply Guidelines” stipulate that the power factor should be 85% or higher, and that the power factor should not be advanced during light loads. However, in many cases, factories do not operate at night, and the operation ends with the power factor improving capacitor connected to the system. In this case, it becomes a lead power factor, and reactive power flows from the factory side to the distribution line system side. As reactive power flows into the distribution line system, the voltage of the distribution line system rises, and substations are struggling to adjust the supply voltage.

  If a high-voltage customer such as a high-voltage power receiving factory disconnects the power factor improving capacitor from the distribution line system with a switch or the like after the operation is completed, the problem of voltage increase in the distribution line system does not occur. However, the power factor improving capacitor is housed in a box called a switchgear. Furthermore, since the switchgear is locked so that it cannot be touched by anyone other than the electric operator, it is difficult for a person without knowledge of electricity to separate the power factor improving capacitor from the distribution line system.

  As a method for solving such a problem, there is the following system (for example, see Patent Document 1). In this system, a control device, a reactive power compensation device, and a power capacitor (SC) are installed on a power company such as a substation. The control device acquires the reactive power value and voltage value of the distribution line, and connects the power capacitor or reactive power compensator to the system to supply reactive power when there is a change in reactive power value and voltage value. To do.

JP 2008-271626 A

  The system described above has the following problems. In this system, a power capacitor is installed near a consumer such as a high-pressure factory. When the distribution line voltage near the customer decreases, the distribution line voltage is increased by the power capacitor, and for flicker, the reactive power compensator installed at the substation or the like compensates for the voltage decrease. However, when the distribution line voltage rises in a state where the power capacitor is not connected to the system, there is a problem that this system cannot cope with a reduction to an appropriate voltage.

  On the other hand, even if the voltage is adjusted by a reactive power compensator that puts, for example, a shunt reactor (Shr) at the substation, the delivery voltage is only adjusted. That is, there is a problem that the voltage at the location where the consumer is connected does not always comply with the range determined by laws and regulations.

  Furthermore, the system described above is a device for improving the power factor of a distribution line to which a plurality of demands are connected and compensating for a voltage drop, and is not a technique for improving the power factor of a consumer alone. For this reason, each time a new customer is connected to the distribution line, the electric power company must calculate and install an appropriate power capacitor capacity. As a result, the installation cost of the power capacitor may be excessive. In other words, there is a possibility that the cost for power supply countermeasures for electric power companies and the burden of work will increase.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage control system that solves the above-described problems, reduces the burden on power supply voltage fluctuation countermeasures by an electric power company, and enables the distribution line voltage to be maintained in an appropriate range. There is.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 is installed in a consumer who receives high-voltage power in one of a plurality of sections of a distribution line, measures the amount of electric power used by the consumer, and has a communication function. A watt-hour meter having a power supply, a voltage adjusting means for adjusting a voltage of a section of a distribution line that is connected to the load side of the consumer and receiving high voltage by the consumer, and installed on the consumer side, According to a control command from a meter, the voltage adjusting means is connected to the load side, or an open / close part that disconnects the voltage adjusting means connected to the load side, and is installed on the power company side, and the demand According to the voltage of the section of the distribution line where the house is receiving high voltage, grasp the state of use of the voltage adjusting means of the consumer in the section where the voltage fluctuation occurs, and the control target for voltage adjustment Reactive voltage required for voltage adjustment Select combined with a predetermined priority order so as to correspond to the voltage regulator measures the amount is, and transmits the control command or the voltage regulating means selected disconnected or connected to the load side to the power meter And a watt hour meter that relays the control command to the opening / closing unit when the control command is received from the processing device by a communication function.

In the invention of claim 1, a watt hour meter, voltage adjusting means and an opening / closing part are installed on the consumer side, and a processing device is installed on the power company side. The electricity meter on the customer side is installed in a customer who receives high voltage in one section among the plurality of sections of the distribution line, measures the amount of power used by the consumer, has a communication function, and is a voltage adjusting means. Is connected to the load side of the consumer and adjusts the voltage of the section of the distribution line on which the consumer receives high voltage. The switching unit on the customer side connects the voltage adjusting means to the load side or disconnects the voltage adjusting means connected to the load side according to a control command from the watt-hour meter. On the other hand, the processing equipment on the electric power company's side grasps the state of use of the voltage adjusting means of the consumer in the section where the voltage fluctuation occurs according to the voltage of the section of the distribution line where the consumer receives high voltage, and the voltage The voltage adjustment means to be controlled for adjustment is selected in combination with a predetermined priority order so as to correspond to the amount of voltage adjustment measures that are reactive power required for voltage adjustment, and the selected voltage adjustment means is selected on the load side. A control command for connecting or disconnecting is sent to the watt hour meter. Thereby, when the watt-hour meter on the consumer side receives the control command from the processing device by the communication function, it relays the control command to the opening / closing unit.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the voltage control system according to the first aspect, the voltage adjusting means is a power factor improving capacitor, and the processing device is a section of a distribution line in which the consumer receives high voltage. When the voltage of the distribution line is high, a control command to disconnect the power factor improving capacitor from the load side is transmitted to the watt-hour meter, and when the voltage of the distribution line is low, the power factor improving capacitor is connected to the load side. A control command to be connected to is transmitted to the watt-hour meter.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the voltage control system according to the first aspect, the open / close unit is turned on / off by a consumer and outputs a control command from the watt-hour meter when turned on, and the switch The power factor improving capacitor is connected to the load side or a switch that disconnects the power factor improving capacitor connected to the load side according to a control command from Features.

  According to invention of Claim 1, according to the voltage of a distribution line, with the control instruction | command from the watt-hour meter installed in the consumer side, an opening / closing part connects or disconnects a voltage adjustment means with respect to the load side. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the burden of the power company on the countermeasures against voltage fluctuations of the distribution lines, and to keep the voltage of the distribution lines in an appropriate range.

  According to the invention of claim 2, since the power factor improving capacitor of the high voltage consumer is used to cope with the voltage fluctuation, it is possible to reduce the burden related to the countermeasure against the voltage fluctuation of the distribution line by the electric power company.

  According to the invention of claim 3, it is possible to connect / disconnect the power factor improving capacitor by the electric power company only when the switch is turned on at the consumer side.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of the voltage control system by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a watt-hour meter and a processing apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the display part of a watt-hour meter. It is a figure which shows an example of a distribution line system database. It is a figure which shows an example of a customer database. It is a figure which shows the distribution line system with which the voltage control system is applied. It is a figure explaining the measurement of a power factor. It is a figure which shows a voltage simulation. It is a figure which shows the mode of insertion of the capacitor | condenser for electric power. It is a flowchart showing a voltage adjustment process. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the watt-hour meter and processing apparatus by Embodiment 2. It is a figure which shows an example of a distribution line plan database. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a voltage adjustment process according to the second embodiment.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
An example of the voltage control system according to this embodiment is shown in FIG. This voltage control system is installed in the distribution line system. In the distribution line system of FIG. 1, electric power sent from the substation to the distribution line 101 is supplied to each low-voltage consumer via a pole transformer (pillar Tr) 121, and A high-voltage consumer and B high-voltage demand Supply to homes. The distribution line 101 is divided into a plurality of sections, and the A high-voltage consumer and the low-voltage consumer belong to a section having a plurality of sections.

  In this distribution line system, in order to suppress fluctuations in the voltage of the distribution line 101 due to the power usage status of each consumer, in the substation, voltage adjustment for properly maintaining the voltage to be sent out, switching of transformers, etc. In the distribution line 101, the automatic voltage regulator (SVR) 111 and the reactive power compensator (SVC) 112 are used. The automatic voltage regulator 111 adjusts the voltage of the distribution line 101 by switching the tap of the transformer, and the reactive power compensator 112 supplies the reactive power to the distribution line 101 to adjust the voltage of the distribution line 101.

  The voltage control system installed in such a distribution line system includes measuring devices 11 to 13 installed in the distribution line 101 and a watt-hour meter (WH meter) 21 with a communication function installed in a high voltage consumer. , A countermeasure permission switch 22, a switch 23, a power capacitor (SC) 24, and a processing device 30 installed in a sales office of an electric power company or the like. In the A high voltage consumer, electric power is supplied to the load via the watt-hour meter 21 and the transformer (Tr) 25. In the B high voltage consumer, electric power is supplied to the load via a normal watt hour meter (WH meter) 131 and a transformer (Tr) 132. In FIG. 1, the automatic voltage regulator 111 and the reactive power compensator 112 are partially shown, and similarly, the pole Tr and each low-voltage consumer are also partially shown. A plurality of consumers equivalent to the A high voltage consumer and the B high voltage consumer are also connected to the distribution line 101.

  The measuring devices 11 to 13 are installed in a distributed manner on the distribution line 101 and measure voltage, current, power, and the like at each installation point. The measuring devices 11 to 13 transmit the measurement results at those installation points to the processing device 30.

  The power capacitor 24 of the A high voltage consumer is a power factor improving capacitor as shown in FIG. Usually, in a high voltage power receiving factory or the like, a delay power factor device such as an induction motor is in operation, and therefore a power capacitor 24 that is a power factor improving capacitor is installed. In this embodiment, the power capacitor 24 is also used for voltage adjustment.

  The switch 23 of the A high voltage consumer connects the power capacitor 24 to the electric wire 201 for sending a voltage from the watt hour meter 21 of the A high voltage consumer to the load 25, or Open and disconnect the connection. The switch 23 connects / disconnects the power capacitor 24 to / from the load side according to a control command from the countermeasure permission switch 22.

  When the voltage of the distribution line 101 in the vicinity of the A high-voltage consumer decreases or increases, the countermeasure permission switch 22 for the A high-voltage consumer is used to maintain the voltage of the distribution line 101 within an appropriate range. This is for permitting use of the power capacitor 24 by the power company. That is, when the person in charge of the A high voltage consumer operates the countermeasure permission switch 22, the countermeasure permission switch 22 indicates permission or non-permission of using the power capacitor 24. That is, the countermeasure permission switch 22 makes it possible for the consumer to decide whether or not to receive voltage adjustment by the processing device 30 of the electric power company.

  Specifically, when the countermeasure permission switch 22 is turned off, it indicates that the use of the power capacitor 24 is not permitted. When the countermeasure permission switch 22 is turned on, it indicates permission to use the power capacitor 24. In this case, since the countermeasure permission switch 22 is on, the control command from the watt hour meter 21 is sent to the switch 23. Further, the countermeasure permission switch 22 transmits a switch state signal indicating an on / off state to the processing device 30.

  The electricity meter 21 of the A high voltage consumer has a communication function with the processing device 30 installed in the electric power company. As shown in FIG. 2, the watt-hour meter 21 includes a command control unit 21A, a power factor measurement unit 21B, an operation status grasping unit 21C, and a power measurement unit 21D. And the command control part 21A-electric energy measuring part 21D have a communication function with the processing apparatus 30, respectively. In addition, the watt-hour meter 21 is provided with a display window (not shown in FIG. 2).

  The power factor measurement unit 21 </ b> B of the watt-hour meter 21 measures the power factor from the voltage, current, and the like flowing from the distribution line 101 through the electric wire 201 of the A high voltage consumer. The power factor measurement unit 21B transmits the measured power factor to the processing device 30 as a measurement result. The electric energy measuring unit 21D measures the active electric energy and reactive electric energy supplied to the load through the electric wire 201 of the A high voltage consumer and the transformer 25. The power amount measuring unit 21D transmits the measured active power amount and reactive power amount to the processing device 30 as measurement results.

  The display window of the watt-hour meter 21 displays each power amount used by the A high voltage consumer. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3, there are active power display windows 21E11 and reactive power display windows 21E21 to 21E24 as display windows. These are provided in the two display panel portions 21E.

  The active power display window 21E11 displays the active power amount measured by the power amount measuring unit 21D. In addition, if it is necessary to classify according to time zone, the active power amount according to time zone can be displayed by preparing the active power display window of each time zone.

  The reactive power display window 21E21 displays the reactive power amount for power factor 85 [%] or less by the power factor measured by the power factor measuring unit 21B and the reactive power amount measured by the power amount measuring unit 21D. The reactive power display window 21E22 displays the reactive power amount corresponding to the advance power factor. The reactive power amount corresponding to the advance power factor is a command control amount based on a control command from the processing device 30. That is, the display panel unit 21E advances from the reactive power amount measured by the power amount measurement unit 21D by the control command indicating connection of the power capacitor 24 and the control command indicating disconnection received from the command control unit 21A. The reactive power amount corresponding to the power factor is displayed on the reactive power display window 21E22. The display window 21E23 displays a reactive power amount with a power factor of 85 to 100 [%]. This reactive power amount is a command control amount by a control command from the processing device 30. That is, as in the case of the reactive power display window 21E22, the display panel unit 21E is measured by the power amount measurement unit 21D based on the control command indicating connection and the control command indicating disconnection received from the command control unit 21A. The reactive power amount with a power factor of 85 to 100 [%] is displayed on the reactive power display window 21E23 from the reactive power amount. The reactive power display window 21E24 displays the reactive power amount corresponding to the advance power factor. The reactive power amount for the advance power factor is other than for command control.

  The operating status grasping part 21C of the watt-hour meter 21 checks the operating status of the switch 23. That is, the operating state grasping unit 21C checks whether the power capacitor 24 is connected or disconnected by the switch 23. The operating state grasping unit 21 </ b> C transmits the operating state of the power capacitor 24 by the switch 23 to the processing device 30.

  The command control unit 21 </ b> A of the watt-hour meter 21 controls connection and disconnection of the power capacitor 24. When the watt-hour meter 21 receives a control command from the processing device 30, the watt-hour meter 21 sends this control command to the countermeasure permission switch 22. That is, the command control unit 21 </ b> A has a communication function and relays a control command from the processing device 30 to the countermeasure permission switch 22. At the same time, the operation status grasping unit 21C sends a control command from the processing device 30 to the display panel unit 21E as shown in FIG.

  The above is the configuration of each device installed in the A high-pressure consumer. Next, the processing apparatus 30 installed in the electric power company will be described. The processing device 30 performs voltage adjustment control for controlling the distribution line voltage. In other words, if a high-voltage customer with a power capacitor controls the connection / disconnection of this power capacitor and permits the control by the power company, that is, the high-voltage customer cooperates on the day of voltage adjustment of the distribution line. If it is a person, the processing device 30 performs this voltage adjustment on each collaborator. The cooperator is registered in the processing device 30 in advance. As shown in FIG. 2, the processing device 30 includes a countermeasure command unit 31, a customer selection unit 32, a calculation unit 33, a first reception unit to a third reception unit 34 to 36, and a distribution line system database. (DB) 37 and a customer database (DB) 38 are provided.

  The first receiving unit 34 of the processing device 30 receives the measurement results from each measurement device including the measurement results from the measurement devices 11 to 13 and sends these measurement results to the calculation unit 33. The second receiving unit 35 includes the power factor measured by the power factor measuring unit of the watt hour meter of each high-voltage consumer including the power factor measuring unit 21B of the watt hour meter 21 and the power amount measuring unit 21D of the watt hour meter 21. The active power amount and the reactive power amount measured by the power amount measuring unit of each high-voltage consumer are received, and the received power factor, active power amount, and reactive power amount are sent to the computing unit 33. The third receiving unit 36 includes a switch permission signal from the countermeasure permission switch of each high-voltage consumer including the countermeasure permission switch 22 and an operation state grasping unit of the watt-hour meter of each high-voltage consumer including the operation state grasping part 21C. The switch operating state checked by the customer is received, and the switch state signal and the operating state are sent to the customer selection unit 32.

  The distribution line system database 37 stores data related to the distribution line system. An example of the distribution line system database 37 is shown in FIG. The distribution line system database 37 in FIG. 4 includes distribution line impedance, equipment data such as reactive power compensator installed on the distribution line, currently operating distribution line route, high-voltage and low-voltage customer data. Is remembered. Furthermore, the distribution line system database 37 stores a connection position that is a connection point of the pole transformer with respect to the distribution line, a connection position that is a connection point of the high-voltage consumer, a transformation ratio of the transformer that is the pole transformer, and the like. .

  The customer database 38 records data related to customers. An example of this customer database 38 is shown in FIG. The customer database 38 in FIG. 5 stores facility capacity data of customers contracted with an electric power company, actual power consumption, actual holidays, and whether or not the next day can cooperate with voltage adjustment as a collaborator. doing.

  The calculating part 33 receives the measurement result of each measuring device containing the measuring devices 11-13 from the 1st receiving part 34, and investigates whether the fluctuation | variation has generate | occur | produced in the distribution line voltage of each area of a distribution line system. And the calculating part 33 determines whether the voltage adjustment by an electric power company is possible first, when the distribution line voltage rises or falls in a certain area. For example, the calculation unit 33 determines whether or not voltage adjustment is possible by switching taps at a substation or using the automatic voltage regulator 111 and the reactive power compensator 112 installed in the distribution line 101.

とし、例えば高圧需要家の接続地点として、Ａ点（図１）の負荷の有効電力と、無効電力とを、
有効電力：Ｐｒ
無効電力：Ｑｒ
とする。また、変電所の送り出し電圧と、配電線１０１の配電線の電流（配電線電流）と、Ａ点の電圧（Ａ点電圧）とを、
送り出し電圧：Ｖｓ
配電線電流：Ｉ［Ａ］
Ａ点電圧：Ｖｒ
とする。これらの値により、変電所の送り出し電圧は、

で示される。そして、この簡易式は、

となる。この数３式により、

を得る。演算部３３は、無効電力Ｑｒを表す数４式を用いて、先に述べたように、現時点の電圧での無効電力と、調整時の電圧での無効電力とを算出し、２つの無効電力の差を、電圧調整に必要とする無効電力としている。 If the calculation part 33 determines that the voltage fluctuation of a distribution line is outside the range of the voltage adjustment by an electric power company, it will calculate the voltage adjustment measure amount for maintaining a distribution line voltage appropriately. That is, the calculation unit 33 calculates the reactive power at the current voltage and the reactive power at the voltage at the time of adjustment at the connection point of the consumer, and is necessary for voltage adjustment from the difference between the two reactive powers. Get reactive power. At this time, the calculation unit 33 obtains reactive power necessary for voltage adjustment from the following calculation formula.
The impedance of the distribution line 101 is

For example, the active power and reactive power of the load at point A (FIG. 1) are used as connection points for high-voltage consumers.
Active power: Pr
Reactive power: Qr
And Moreover, the sending voltage of the substation, the current of the distribution line of the distribution line 101 (distribution line current), and the voltage at the point A (point A voltage)
Supply voltage: Vs
Distribution line current: I [A]
Point A voltage: Vr
And With these values, the substation delivery voltage is

Indicated by And this simplified formula is

It becomes. From this equation 3,

Get. The arithmetic unit 33 calculates the reactive power at the current voltage and the reactive power at the voltage at the time of adjustment using the equation (4) representing the reactive power Qr, and calculates two reactive powers as described above. Is the reactive power necessary for voltage adjustment.

  When calculating the reactive power required for voltage adjustment, the calculation unit 33 uses the calculated reactive power as a voltage adjustment countermeasure amount, and generates a control command for connecting or disconnecting the power capacitor using the voltage adjustment countermeasure amount. To do. At this time, the calculation unit 33 refers to the measurement result of the power factor in the high-voltage consumer from the second reception unit 35, the outflow of reactive power to the distribution line system side continues for a certain time, and the voltage rises, etc. When a certain condition is satisfied, a control command is generated to disconnect the power factor improving capacitor, which is a power capacitor, from the distribution line system. Further, when the distribution line voltage decreases, the calculation unit 33 generates a control command for connecting the power capacitor to the distribution line system. That is, the calculating part 33 produces | generates the control instruction | command which shows on-off or the control instruction | command which turns off with respect to the switch of the capacitor | condenser for electric power of each consumer.

  Then, the calculation unit 33 sends the calculated voltage adjustment measure amount and the generated control command to the customer selection unit 32. At the same time, the calculation unit 33 refers to the customer database 38, extracts the collaborators of the high-voltage customer who can cooperate in voltage adjustment, and sends the extraction result to the customer selection unit 32.

  The customer selection unit 32 includes a switch state signal from the countermeasure permission switch of each high-voltage consumer including the countermeasure permission switch 22 of the A high-voltage consumer, and an operation status grasping part 21C of the watt-hour meter 21 of the A high-voltage consumer. The operation status of the electricity meter of each high-voltage consumer is received through the third reception unit 36, as determined by the operation status grasping unit of the electricity meter. Then, as described above, when the customer selection unit 32 receives the voltage adjustment measure amount, the control command, and the extraction result of the high voltage consumer from the calculation unit 33, the customer selection unit 32 of the collaborator on the day extracted by the calculation unit 33 The power capacitor is a power capacitor that is permitted to be used by the switch status signal, and is combined with the capacity of the power capacitor that can be used for voltage adjustment according to the operation status.

  The operating status here represents the following situation. When voltage adjustment is performed when the distribution line voltage rises, for example, when the high voltage consumer A is a collaborator on the day and the power capacitor 24 is disconnected by the switch 23, the switch status signal Even the power capacitors that are permitted to be used in the above cannot be used for this voltage adjustment. Conversely, when adjusting the voltage when the distribution line voltage rises, for example, when the A high voltage consumer is a collaborator on the day and the power capacitor 24 is connected by the switch 23, Any power capacitor that is permitted to use the switch status signal can be used for the current voltage adjustment. The customer selection unit 32 refers to the operation status in this way.

  When the customer selection part 32 combines the capacity | capacitance of the capacitor | condenser for electric power which can be used for voltage adjustment, it combines with the cooperation of the day near a substation preferentially. Then, the customer selection unit 32 causes the reactive power generated by the combined capacity of the power capacitors to correspond to the voltage adjustment measure amount received from the calculation unit 33. Thereafter, the customer selection unit 32 sends a list of high-voltage consumers in which the power capacitors used for the combination are installed and a control command to the countermeasure command unit 31.

  When the countermeasure command unit 31 receives the list of high voltage consumers and the control command from the customer selection unit 32, the countermeasure command unit 31 sends a control command indicating connection / disconnection of the power capacitor to the watt hour meter of each corresponding high voltage customer. Send. At this time, the countermeasure command unit 31 transmits a control command based on the following conditions. The countermeasure command unit 31 transmits a control command during a time period when the factory of the high-voltage consumer is not in operation, for example, at night, early morning, late night, or a closed day of the factory. Thereby, when the condition is satisfied, the voltage adjustment is controlled.

  The above is the configuration of the processing device 30. Next, the operation of the voltage control system will be described. Below, the distribution line system of FIG. 6 to which the voltage control system is applied will be referred to as necessary. In addition, in FIG. 6, the high voltage | pressure customer similar to A high voltage | pressure customer of FIG. 1 is made into A-1 high voltage | pressure customer-C-1 high voltage | pressure customer, and the detailed structure of each high voltage | pressure consumer is abbreviate | omitted. . Moreover, in FIG. 6, A group is formed by A-1 high voltage consumer, a pole transformer, and a measuring device, and it is considered as one section. Similarly, another group B and group C are formed, and each is set as a different section. Furthermore, in FIG. 6, the sending voltage of the substation changes every time zone.

  In this distribution line system, the voltage rises at point A of group A, which is one section, and the value is 6820 [V]. Since the transformation ratio between the primary side and the secondary side of the group A pole transformer is 6360/100 · 200 [V], the low-voltage consumer is supplied with a voltage of 107.2 [V]. Although the voltage drops in the B group and the C group, the voltage is supplied to the low voltage consumer in the same manner.

Next, the state of voltage adjustment is demonstrated using FIG. 7 which extracted A group which is one area in a distribution line system. In addition, in FIG. 7, since the structure of A-1 high voltage consumer is the same as A high voltage consumer of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the structure of A high voltage consumer is used in description of A-1 high voltage consumer. . In FIG.
Substation delivery voltage: Vs = 6700 [V]
Distribution line impedance: Z = 68.6 + j11.8
Point A voltage: Vr = 6820 [V]
A-1 Effective power of high-voltage consumers: Pr = 80 [kW]
A-1 Reactive power of high-voltage consumers: Qr = −j60 [kvar]
And In addition, reactive power by the power capacitor 24 of the A-1 high voltage consumer is
Reactive power QSC = + j10 [kvar]
And As a result, the load used by the A-1 high voltage consumer is 80 [kW] for the active power and 70 [kvar] (−j70 [kvar]) for the reactive power is delayed. In FIG. 7, the point A voltage is measured by a measuring device in the same section.

となる。これは、「電気供給要綱」の力率である８５［％］を保っていない。 Since the active power Pr at the receiving point of the A-1 high voltage consumer is 80 [kW] and the reactive power Qr is -j60 [kvar], the power factor at the receiving point of the A-1 high voltage consumer is

It becomes. This does not maintain 85%, which is the power factor of the “Electricity Supply Guidelines”.

である。つまり、無効電力Ｑ１が−４９．５［ｋｖａｒ］以下であると、力率が８５［％］以上となる。したがって、Ａ−１高圧需要家の電力用コンデンサ２４では、容量が足らず、配電線系統からＡ−１高圧需要家に向けて、

の無効電力が、電力用コンデンサ２４の容量不足分として流れている。Ａ−１高圧需要家の電力量計２１は、この不足分を電力量計測部２１Ｄにより積算する。この積算結果は、力率８５［％］以下分の無効電力量を表示する無効電力表示窓２１Ｅ２１（図３）に表示される。また、力率８５［％］以下分の無効電力量は、力率測定部２１Ｂおよび電力量計測部２１Ｄにより、処理装置３０に送信される。なお、力率８５〜１００［％］の無効電力量は、表示窓２１Ｅ２３に表示される。 The reactive power Q1 for setting the power factor to 85% or more is

It is. That is, when the reactive power Q1 is −49.5 [kvar] or less, the power factor is 85 [%] or more. Therefore, in the power capacitor 24 of the A-1 high voltage consumer, the capacity is insufficient, and from the distribution line system toward the A-1 high voltage consumer,

Reactive power flows as a shortage of the capacity of the power capacitor 24. The watt-hour meter 21 of the A-1 high-voltage consumer integrates this shortage by the power amount measuring unit 21D. This integration result is displayed in the reactive power display window 21E21 (FIG. 3) that displays the reactive power amount for power factor 85 [%] or less. Further, the reactive power amount equal to or less than the power factor of 85 [%] is transmitted to the processing device 30 by the power factor measurement unit 21B and the power amount measurement unit 21D. The reactive power amount with a power factor of 85 to 100 [%] is displayed on the display window 21E23.

によって算出される。処理装置３０の演算部３３は、単位法による換算を利用した演算を行う。基準電圧を６６００［Ｖ］とし、基準容量を１００［ｋＶＡ］として、単位法による換算を利用すると、変電所の送り出し電圧は、

となり、配電線のＡ点電圧は、

となる。また、配電線のインピーダンスを単位法に換算するには、

の式を利用する。配電線のインピーダンスは、

となる。 In such a situation, when the voltage 107.2 [V] of the low voltage consumer that receives power supply from the point A in the same section is set to 105 [V], that is, the point A voltage is set to about 6678 [V]. When doing so, the processing device 30 of the electric power company is as follows. Note that 6678 [V] is

Is calculated by The computing unit 33 of the processing device 30 performs computation using conversion based on the unit method. When the reference voltage is 6600 [V], the reference capacity is 100 [kVA], and conversion using the unit method is used, the substation delivery voltage is

The point A voltage of the distribution line is

It becomes. To convert the impedance of the distribution line to the unit method,

Is used. The impedance of the distribution line is

It becomes.

により算出する。次に、演算部３３は、Ａ点電圧が６６８０［Ｖ］のときの無効電力Ｑｒ２を、

により算出する。この後、演算部３３は、電圧調整に必要とする無効電力Ｑｒを、

の式で得ている。基準容量が１００［ｋＶＡ］であるので、この値は、８０．１１［ｋｖａｒ］になる。つまり、Ａ点電圧が６８２０［Ｖ］である場合に、８０．１１［ｋｖａｒ］分の電力用コンデンサを配電線系統から切り離すと、Ａ点電圧を６６８０［Ｖ］に低下することができる。逆に、もし、Ａ点電圧が６６８０［Ｖ］である場合に、８０．１１［ｋｖａｒ］分の電力用コンデンサを配電線系統に接続すると、Ａ点電圧を６８２０［Ｖ］に上昇することができる。 Here, the arithmetic unit 33 of the processing device 30 uses the above equation 4 to calculate the reactive power Qr1 when the point A voltage is 6820 [V],

Calculated by Next, the calculation unit 33 calculates the reactive power Qr2 when the point A voltage is 6680 [V].

Calculated by Thereafter, the calculation unit 33 calculates the reactive power Qr necessary for voltage adjustment,

It is obtained by the formula. Since the reference capacity is 100 [kVA], this value is 80.11 [kvar]. That is, when the point A voltage is 6820 [V], if the power capacitor for 80.11 [kvar] is disconnected from the distribution line system, the point A voltage can be reduced to 6680 [V]. Conversely, if the point A voltage is 6680 [V] and the power capacitor for 80.11 [kvar] is connected to the distribution line system, the point A voltage may rise to 6820 [V]. it can.

に低下する。つまり、「電気供給要綱」では、力率を８５［％］以上としているが、力率は８０［％］から７５．２［％］に低下する。しかし、この場合には、Ａ−１高圧需要家は電圧調整対策の協力者であるので、Ａ−１高圧需要家の電力量計２１の電力量計測部２１Ｄは、配電線系統から流入する無効電力分を積算しない。この制御は、電力会社の処理装置３０からの制御指令を、電力量計２１の指令制御部２１Ａが受信することで行われる。 When the calculation unit 33 of the processing device 30 calculates the reactive power Qr in this manner, the customer selection unit 32 of the processing device 30 selects a high-voltage consumer that can cooperate in maintaining an appropriate distribution line voltage value from among the collaborators. To do. At this time, when the power capacitor 24 of the A-1 high voltage consumer is selected and disconnected from the distribution line system, the reactive power by the power capacitor 24 is 10 [kvar].

To drop. That is, in the “Electricity Supply Summary”, the power factor is set to 85 [%] or more, but the power factor is reduced from 80 [%] to 75.2 [%]. However, in this case, since the A-1 high voltage consumer is a collaborator for voltage adjustment measures, the power measurement unit 21D of the wattmeter 21 of the A-1 high voltage consumer is ineffective from the distribution line system. Do not accumulate power. This control is performed when the command control unit 21A of the watt-hour meter 21 receives a control command from the processing device 30 of the power company.

  If the high-voltage consumer is a factory or the like, the active power will decrease as the operation ends, so the distribution line voltage will increase due to the influence of the power capacitor connected to the distribution line system, etc. . Under normal circumstances, when reactive power flows from the high voltage consumer to the distribution line system, the power factor improving capacitor, which is a power capacitor, should be disconnected from the distribution line system. If the simulation determines that it is necessary to maintain the distribution line voltage, keep the power capacitor connected. The state of this voltage simulation is shown in FIG. In the voltage simulation, it is possible to obtain a distribution line voltage corresponding to a substation sending voltage Vs, a point A voltage Vr, and the like, based on the distribution line impedance.

  When the connection of the power capacitor is maintained by voltage simulation or the like, the reactive power (advance) is accumulated by the watt-hour meter. The result of integrating the reactive power amount by the advance power factor is displayed in the reactive power display window 21E22 (FIG. 3) that displays the reactive power amount corresponding to the advance power factor. Further, the reactive power amount corresponding to the advance power factor is transmitted to the processing device 30 by the power factor measurement unit 21B and the power amount measurement unit 21D.

At night or late at night, the distribution line voltage may drop and voltage adjustment may not be possible with transformers in substations.In this case, connect the power capacitors of high-voltage consumers, who are cooperators, and adjust the voltage. increase. For example, when the A-1 high voltage consumer performs voltage adjustment, the state of the A-1 high voltage consumer is
Active power: 0 [kW]
Reactive power: 0 [kvar]
Suppose that When the watt-hour meter 21 of the A-1 high voltage consumer receives a control command representing the connection of the power factor improving capacitor, which is a power capacitor, from the processing device 30, the switch 23 is turned on as shown in FIG. . After the power is turned on, the power factor is reached, and the watt-hour meter 21 accumulates reactive power. The result of integrating the reactive power amount by the advance power factor is displayed in the reactive power display window 21E22 (FIG. 3) that displays the reactive power amount corresponding to the advance power factor. Further, the reactive power amount corresponding to the advance power factor is transmitted to the processing device 30 by the power factor measurement unit 21B and the power amount measurement unit 21D.

Thereafter, the electric power company performs liquidation to offset the reactive power for the day from the reactive power recorded by the processing device 30 during factory operation. For example,
During factory operation: −10.5 [kvar] × 3 [H] = − 31.5 [kvarH]
On the day: +10 [kvar] × 4 [H] = + 40.0 [kvarH]
In such a situation, if the reactive power of the day is offset,
Offset result: +8.5 [kvarH]
It becomes. This is a reactive power outflow from the A-1 high voltage consumer to the distribution line system. And an electric power company collects the part for a fixed period, for example, one month, and provides it to A-1 high voltage consumer as cooperation money.

  As described above, the watt-hour meter 21 of the high-voltage consumer and the processing device 30 of the electric power company perform voltage adjustment in the section of the distribution line while communicating with each other. This is shown in FIG. When a voltage rise occurs in a section of the distribution line system (step S1), the processing device 30 is an equipment such as an automatic voltage regulator (SVR) 111 and a reactive power compensator (SVC) 112 of the electric power company, and adjusts the voltage rise. Whether or not is possible is determined (step S2).

  If it is determined in step S2 that adjustment is not possible, the processing device 30 grasps the state of use of the power capacitor of the high-voltage consumer in a certain section of step S1, that is, a section where voltage fluctuations occur, and is controlled for voltage adjustment. Is selected (step S3). Thereafter, the processing device 30 outputs a control command indicating on / off to the power capacitor to be controlled (step S4). After step S3, when the voltage increase of the distribution line is eliminated (step S5), the processing device 30 determines whether or not to continue the processing (step S6). If the processing is continued, the processing device 30 performs the process of step S1 again. If the process is not continued in step S6, the processing device 30 ends the voltage adjustment process.

  On the other hand, when it is determined in step S2 that the voltage increase can be adjusted in the power company equipment, the power company performs voltage adjustment in the equipment (step S7). Thereafter, when the voltage increase is eliminated (step S8), the process of step S1 is performed again.

  Note that the processing in the case of a voltage drop can be performed in the same manner.

  Thus, according to this embodiment, it is possible to maintain the voltage for each section of the distribution line system at an appropriate value, particularly when it is not possible to cope with voltage fluctuations in the facilities of the electric power company, for example, at midnight, etc. In this case, the voltage for each section can be maintained at an appropriate value. According to this embodiment, the power capacitor, which is a power factor improving capacitor for high voltage consumers, is used to cope with voltage fluctuations. For example, each time a high voltage consumer is connected to a distribution line, The company can reduce the burden of the power company's countermeasures against voltage fluctuations of the distribution lines, such as calculating and installing an appropriate capacity for power capacitors, and measures against voltage increases on the distribution lines implemented by the power companies. Costs can be reduced. According to this embodiment, since the power factor improving capacitor of the high voltage consumer receiving power from the distribution line system is used, even if the distribution line system is changed due to work, etc., the voltage is maintained and operated at an appropriate value. Make it possible to do. According to this embodiment, since the power company controls the connection / disconnection of the power factor improving capacitor, the voltage increase of the distribution line due to the power factor improving capacitor can be suppressed. According to this embodiment, by operating the countermeasure permission switch on the high voltage consumer side, it is possible for the high voltage consumer to decide whether or not to permit use of the power capacitor 24.

  Further, according to this embodiment, it is possible to prevent the distributed power source (fuel cell or the like) from being disconnected from the distribution line system due to an increase in the distribution line voltage. In addition, according to this embodiment, for example, by backing up the installation of the power factor improving capacitor with a charge menu, it is possible to reduce the wire replacement cost of the distribution line. Equipment discounts can be collected by discounting charges for voltage regulator cooperators. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the voltage for the high-voltage consumer that always connects the power factor improving capacitor to the distribution line system and the consumer that connects the distributed power supply to the distribution line system. Unfairness can be alleviated by paying the cost of the adjustment measure and paying the contribution to the cooperator of the voltage adjustment measure.

(Embodiment 2)
An electric energy meter 21 and a processing device 30 according to this embodiment are shown in FIG. In this embodiment, components that are the same as or the same as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In this voltage control system, the processing device 30 includes a power demand database (DB) 39A, a distribution line planning database (DB) 39B, a next day voltage simulation unit 39C, a prior reservation notification unit 39D, and a transmission / reception unit 39E. The high-pressure consumer side includes an answer back device 26.

  The power demand database (DB) 39 </ b> A of the processing device 30 stores the power demand on that day from the measurement results obtained by the measurement devices 11 to 13. The distribution line plan database (DB) 39B stores a construction schedule for the distribution lines. An example of this distribution line plan database 39B is shown in FIG. The distribution line plan database 39B of FIG. 12 stores the schedule of distribution lines, the contents of changes on the day such as connection, and the like.

  The next day voltage simulation unit 39C of the processing device 30 refers to the power demand database 39A, the distribution line plan database 39B, and the customer database 38, and simulates the voltage of the next day in each section of the distribution line 101. The next day voltage simulation unit 39C predicts, for example, a time and a point at which a voltage rise occurs on the next day by voltage simulation. The next day voltage simulation part 39C selects the high voltage | capacitance consumer in which voltage adjustment is possible on the next day from a collaborator according to the result of voltage simulation.

  The advance reservation notification unit 39D of the processing device 30 sends a prior reservation notification for enabling control of connection and disconnection of the power capacitor 24 to the high voltage consumer selected by the voltage simulation unit 39C the next day. It transmits to a high voltage | pressure consumer via 39E.

  When the answerback device 26 of the high-voltage consumer receives the advance reservation notification from the transmission / reception unit 39E, the countermeasure permission switch 22 is turned on by this advance reservation notification, and the power capacitor 24 is allowed to be used. The answerback device 26 also sends a response signal indicating that the countermeasure permission switch 22 is turned on to the transmission / reception unit 39E of the processing device 30. When the transmission / reception unit 39E receives the response signal from the answer back device 26, the transmission / reception unit 39E reflects the response signal in the customer database 38. Thereby, the collaborator of the next day which the customer database 38 memorize | stores is updated.

  The processing device 30 and the watt-hour meter 21 and the answer back device 26 of the high-voltage consumer perform voltage adjustment in the section of the distribution line while communicating with each other. This is shown in FIG. The next day voltage simulation unit 39C of the processing device 30 predicts the time and point at which the voltage rise occurs on the next day (step S21). After this, the advance reservation notification unit 39D of the processing device 30 calculates, based on the predicted point, where to control the connection and disconnection of the power capacitor 24 to the high-voltage consumer at which point, A prior securing notification, which is a prior securing command, is transmitted to the answerback device 26 of the high-pressure consumer (step S22).

  In this way, the processing device 30 of the electric power company performs processing on the previous day. Thereafter, the processing device 30 performs step S23 to step S30 as the processing of the current day, but since these processing are the same as step S1 to step S8 of FIG. 10, description of these steps is omitted. In step S25, the processing device 30 is a high-voltage consumer in the voltage fluctuation occurrence section of step S23, and receives a high-voltage customer from the distribution line scheduled to work on the day by the distribution line plan database 39B. Except for this, the state of use of the power capacitor is grasped, and the power capacitor to be controlled is selected for voltage adjustment.

  Thus, according to this embodiment, when work on the distribution line is planned, the power capacitor of the high voltage consumer can be made available in advance.

11 to 13 Measuring device 21 Wattmeter 21A Command control unit 21B Power factor measurement unit 21C Operation status grasping unit 21D Power measurement unit 21E Display unit 21E11 Active power display window 21E21 to 21E24 Reactive power display window 22 Countermeasure permission switch (opening / closing unit )
23 Switch (opening / closing part)
24 Power Capacitor 25 Transformer 30 Processing Device 31 Countermeasure Command Unit 32 Customer Selection Unit 33 Calculation Units 34 to 36 First Reception Unit to Third Reception Unit 37 Distribution Line System Database 38 Customer Database

Claims (3)

A watt-hour meter that is installed in a consumer who receives high-voltage power in one of a plurality of sections of the distribution line, measures the amount of power used by the consumer, and has a communication function;
Voltage adjusting means connected to the load side of the consumer, for adjusting the voltage of the section of the distribution line that the consumer is receiving high voltage power;
An opening / closing unit that is installed on the consumer side and connects the voltage adjusting means to the load side or disconnects the voltage adjusting means connected to the load side according to a control command from the watt-hour meter. ,
According to the voltage of the section of the distribution line installed on the electric power company side and receiving the high voltage by the consumer, grasp the state of use of the voltage adjusting means of the consumer in the section where the voltage fluctuation occurs, The voltage adjusting means to be controlled for adjustment is selected in combination with a predetermined priority order so as to correspond to the amount of voltage adjustment countermeasures that are reactive power necessary for voltage adjustment, and the selected voltage adjusting means is selected. A processing device for transmitting a control command to connect to or disconnect from the load side to the watt-hour meter;
With
The power meter, when receiving a control command from the processing device by a communication function, relays the control command to the opening / closing unit. The voltage adjusting means is a power factor improving capacitor,
The processing device transmits a control command for disconnecting the power factor correction capacitor from the load side to the watt-hour meter when the voltage of a section of the distribution line on which the consumer receives high voltage is high, When the voltage of the electric wire is low, a control command for connecting the power factor improving capacitor to the load side is transmitted to the watt-hour meter.
The voltage control system according to claim 1. The opening / closing part is
A switch that is turned on and off by a consumer and outputs a control command from the watt hour meter when turned on;
According to a control command from the switch, the power factor improving capacitor is connected to the load side, or a switch for disconnecting the power factor improving capacitor connected to the load side,
The voltage control system according to claim 1, comprising:

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