JP5363753B2 - Electricity supply and demand system - Google Patents

Electricity supply and demand system Download PDF

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JP5363753B2
JP5363753B2 JP2008076207A JP2008076207A JP5363753B2 JP 5363753 B2 JP5363753 B2 JP 5363753B2 JP 2008076207 A JP2008076207 A JP 2008076207A JP 2008076207 A JP2008076207 A JP 2008076207A JP 5363753 B2 JP5363753 B2 JP 5363753B2
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幹也 石井
国広 仲尾
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
    • Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

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Description

本発明は、自身の所有する発電設備から電力を調達して、その調達した電力を電力取引所にて売電可能であるような電気事業者を含んでなる電力需給システムに関する。   The present invention relates to an electric power supply and demand system including an electric power supplier who can procure electric power from power generation facilities owned by the electric power facility and sell the procured electric power at an electric power exchange.

電気事業者が、自身の所有する発電設備から電力を調達して、その調達した電力を電力取引所にて売電可能であるような電力需給システムがある。電力の取引を行う取引所として設立された日本卸電力取引所（以下、「電力取引所」と記載する）では、電力の取引は、１０００ｋＷを１単位として行うように定められている。よって、売電可能な電力が１０００ｋＷに満たない場合にはその参入要件を満足できず、電力取引所での売電を行えない。   There is an electric power supply and demand system in which an electric power company can procure electric power from its own power generation equipment and sell the electric power procured at an electric power exchange. In the Japan Wholesale Power Exchange (hereinafter referred to as “electricity exchange”) established as an exchange for conducting electric power transactions, electric power transactions are determined to be performed in units of 1000 kW. Therefore, when the power that can be sold is less than 1000 kW, the entry requirement cannot be satisfied, and the power cannot be sold at the power exchange.

特許文献１には、発電装置の発電電力が上記参入要件を満たさない場合であっても、その発電電力を電力取引所で売電可能とするためのシステムが記載されている。具体的には、特許文献１に記載のシステムは、発電電力が上記参入要件を満たさないような発電装置を有する売電希望者を複数募集し、各売電希望者からの発電電力を集計することで、上記参入要件を見かけ上満たしたようにするものである。   Patent Document 1 describes a system for enabling the generated power to be sold at a power exchange even when the generated power of the power generation device does not satisfy the entry requirement. Specifically, the system described in Patent Document 1 recruits a plurality of power selling applicants having a power generation device whose generated power does not satisfy the entry requirement, and totals the generated power from each power selling applicant. In this way, the above entry requirements are apparently met.

特開２００６−２８５４５０号公報JP 2006-285450 A

上述したような発電装置には、売電を行ってもよいような発電装置もあるが、売電を行えないような発電装置もある。例えば、ガスエンジンコージェネレーションシステムなどの自家発電装置である発電装置を有していても、その発電装置からの売電が契約上許可されていない場合もある。そのような場合は、特許文献１に記載のシステムであっても、発電装置での発電電力を電力取引所で売電できない。   Among the above-described power generation devices, there are power generation devices that may sell power, but there are also power generation devices that cannot sell power. For example, even if a power generation device that is a private power generation device such as a gas engine cogeneration system is provided, there is a case where power sale from the power generation device is not permitted in a contract. In such a case, even with the system described in Patent Document 1, the power generated by the power generator cannot be sold at the power exchange.

本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、電力需要者が有する中小規模の発電装置での発電電力を電力取引所で売電可能にする電力需給システムを提供する点にある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an electric power supply and demand system that makes it possible to sell electric power generated by a medium-to-small-scale electric power generation device possessed by an electric power consumer at an electric power exchange. In the point.

上記目的を達成するための本発明に係る電力需給システムの特徴構成は、
電力を複数の電力需要者に供給する電気事業者を含んでなり、
前記複数の電力需要者のうちの少なくとも１つは発電装置を有する発電可能電力需要者であり、前記発電可能電力需要者に備えられる電力需要者システムは、前記発電可能電力需要者が有する前記発電装置で発生した電力を商用電力系統に逆潮流させないという条件下で当該発電可能電力需要者の電力負荷装置で消費する形態で前記発電装置の発電電力を制御し、
前記電気事業者は、入力装置と出力装置と制御装置と記憶装置と発電設備を有し、
前記電気事業者の前記発電設備が接続されている商用電力系統には、前記複数の電力需要者と、他の事業者の発電所とが接続され、
前記電気事業者の前記制御装置は、当該電気事業者の前記入力装置を用いて受信した又は当該電気事業者の前記記憶装置に記憶されている、前記複数の電力需要者の需要電力量に関する情報と、前記複数の電力需要者のうちの前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置の発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、前記電気事業者の前記発電設備による発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、前記他の事業者の前記発電所からの調達電力単価に関する情報及び調達可能電力量に関する情報と、電力取引所での売買電力単価に関する情報及び売買可能電力量に関する情報と、に基づいて、前記複数の電力需要者に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるように、前記発電可能電力需要者が有する前記発電装置による発電電力量ｑ１、前記電気事業者の前記発電設備による発電電力量ｑ２、前記他の事業者の前記発電所からの調達電力量ｑ３、及び、前記電力取引所での売買電力量を導出する構成であって、
当該売買電力量の導出に当たり、前記電気事業者の前記制御装置は、前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置の前記発電電力量ｑ１を当該発電可能電力需要者の電力負荷装置が消費して、当該消費を行なわない場合に前記発電可能電力需要者が受電する電力量ｑｂより前記消費する電力量ｑ１の分だけ減少したとして当該発電可能電力需要者が受電する電力量をｑｂ´＝ｑｂ−ｑ１として導出するとともに、前記電気事業者の前記出力装置が前記電力取引所の入力装置へ入札する前記売買電力量Ｑに、当該減少される分の電力量ｑ１を含んで導出する構成であり、
前記電気事業者の前記出力装置は、前記電気事業者の前記制御装置によって導出した、前記発電可能電力需要者が有する前記発電装置による発電電力量ｑ１、前記電気事業者の前記発電設備による発電電力量ｑ２、前記他の事業者の前記発電所からの調達電力量ｑ３、及び、前記電力取引所での売買電力量Ｑの導出結果に従って、前記発電可能電力需要者への発電要求を行い、及び、前記発電設備への発電要求を行い、及び、前記他の事業者への送電要求を行い、及び、前記電力取引所への前記売買電力量Ｑの入札を行い、
前記発電可能電力需要者は、当該発電可能電力需要者の入力装置で受信した前記発電可能電力需要者への前記発電要求に従って前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置を運転するとともに、前記電力負荷装置が当該発電装置で発電される電力を消費し、
前記電気事業者の前記発電設備は、前記発電設備への前記発電要求に従って前記発電設備を運転し、
前記他の事業者は、当該他の事業者の入力装置で受信した前記他の事業者への前記送電要求に従って前記発電所から電力を送電する形態で、
前記電力取引所は、当該電力取引所の前記入力装置で受け付けた入札内容に応じた電力の売買を成立させる点にある。 The characteristic configuration of the power supply and demand system according to the present invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
Comprising an electric utility that supplies electricity to a plurality of electricity consumers;
At least one of the plurality of power consumers is a power generator capable of generating power having a power generator, and a power consumer system provided in the power generator capable of generating power includes the power generation of the power generator capable of power generation. Controlling the power generated by the power generation device in a form that is consumed by the power load device of the power demandable power consumer under the condition that the power generated by the device is not reversed to the commercial power system,
The electric utility has an input device, an output device, a control device, a storage device, and a power generation facility,
The commercial power system to which the power generation facility of the electric utility is connected is connected to the plurality of power consumers and the power plant of another business,
The control device of the electric power company receives information using the input device of the electric power company, or is stored in the storage device of the electric power company, and the information related to the power demand amount of the plurality of power consumers And information on the unit price of generated power of the power generation device of the power generator that can generate power among the plurality of power consumers and information on the amount of power that can be generated, and information on the unit price of power generated by the power generation facility of the electric utility And information on the amount of power that can be generated, information on the unit price of electricity procured from the power station of the other business operator, information on the amount of power that can be procured, information on the unit price of electric power purchased and sold at the power exchange, and information on the amount of electric power that can be bought and sold information, based on, such that the total cost for providing power to said plurality of power consumers is minimized, the power generation electric power demander The amount of power generation by the power generation device q1, wherein the power generation equipment according to the generated power amount q2 of electric utilities, the other operators of the procurement electric energy from power plants q3 and, trading power in the power exchange with A configuration for deriving a quantity,
In deriving the trading power amount, the control device of the electric power company consumes the generated power amount q1 of the power generation device of the power generation power consumer by the power load device of the power generation power consumer, When the consumption is not performed, it is assumed that the amount of power received by the power generator who can generate power is less than the amount of power qb received by the consumer of power that can be generated by qb ′ = qb−q1 And the electric power supplier's output device bids to the input device of the electric power exchange, and the electric power trading amount Q is derived by including the reduced electric energy q1 .
The output device of the electric utility is generated by the control device of the electric operator, and is generated by the electric power generator q1 of the electric generator that can be generated by the electric power demander, and the electric power generated by the electric generator of the electric utility Making a power generation request to the power generator that can generate electricity according to the derivation result of the amount q2 , the amount of power q3 procured from the power plant of the other business operator , and the amount of power Q bought and sold at the power exchange; and , performs a power generation request to the power generation equipment, and performs a power transmission request to the other operators, and, performs a bid of the buying and selling power amount Q to the power Exchange,
The power generation power consumer operates the power generation device of the power generation power consumer in accordance with the power generation request to the power generation power consumer received by the input device of the power generation power consumer, and the power load The device consumes the power generated by the power generator,
The power generation facility of the electric power company operates the power generation facility according to the power generation request to the power generation facility,
In the form of transmitting power from the power plant according to the power transmission request to the other business operator received by the input device of the other business operator, the other business operator,
The power exchange is in the point of establishing the sale of power corresponding to the content of the bid accepted by the input device of the power exchange .

上記特徴構成によれば、発電装置での発電電力を電力取引所で直接売電できない場合であっても、その発電電力によって、電力需要者自身の受電電力（＝需要電力−発電装置の発電電力）を減少させることができる。電気事業者は、その減少した分の受電電力を、本来はその電力需要者に電力を供給していた発電設備の余剰電力であるとして電力取引所で売電できる。このとき、発電設備で発電された電力を電力取引所で売電してはいるが、実際には発電装置での発電により生じた余剰電力分を売電しているので、本来は電力取引所への参入要件を満たさない発電装置の発電電力を電力取引所で売電したとみなすことができる。
従って、電力需要者が有する中小規模の発電装置での発電電力を電力取引所で売電可能にする電力需給システムを提供できる。 According to the above characteristic configuration, even if the power generated by the power generation device cannot be directly sold at the power exchange, the power received by the power consumer itself (= demand power−power generated by the power generation device). ) Can be reduced. The electric power company can sell the received power for the reduced amount at the power exchange, assuming that it is surplus power of the power generation facility that originally supplied power to the power consumer. At this time, the power generated by the power generation equipment is sold at the power exchange, but the surplus power generated by the power generation by the power generator is actually sold. It can be considered that the power generated by the power generator that does not satisfy the entry requirements is sold at the power exchange.
Therefore, it is possible to provide an electric power supply and demand system that makes it possible to sell electric power generated by small and medium-sized power generators owned by electric power consumers at electric power exchanges.

本発明に係る電力需給システムの別の特徴構成は、前記電気事業者の制御装置は、
前記発電可能電力需要者が有する前記発電装置の前記発電電力単価と、前記発電電力量と、信頼性が低いほど大きくなるように設定される前記発電装置の信頼性に関する係数とを乗算して、前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置を発電運転させるために要する第１コストを導出し、
前記発電設備の前記調達電力単価と前記調達電力量とを乗算して第２コストを導出し、
前記他の事業者の前記調達電力単価と前記調達電力量とを乗算して第３コストを導出し、
前記電力取引所での前記売買電力単価と前記売買電力量とを乗算して第４コストを導出し、
前記第１コストと前記第２コストと前記第３コストと前記第４コストとの和から前記総コストを導出する点にある。 Another characteristic configuration of the power supply and demand system according to the present invention is that the control device of the electric power company
Multiplying the generated power unit price of the power generation device possessed by the power generation power demander, the amount of generated power, and a coefficient relating to the reliability of the power generation device set to be larger as the reliability is lower, Deriving a first cost required for the power generation operation of the power generation device of the power generation power consumer,
Multiplying the procurement power unit price of the power generation facility and the procurement power amount to derive a second cost,
Multiplying the procured power unit price of the other operator and the procured power amount to derive a third cost,
Multiplying the unit price of electric power purchased and sold at the power exchange and the amount of electric power purchased and sold to derive a fourth cost,
The total cost is derived from the sum of the first cost, the second cost, the third cost, and the fourth cost.

複数の電力需要者に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるように、発電可能電力需要者が有する発電装置による発電電力量を導出し、発電装置に対して発電指示を行ったとしても、故障などの理由により発電装置で発電される電力量が指示された発電電力量に満たない可能性もある。その場合、電力需給システムの全体から見ると、不足電力量が発生することになる。よって、その不足電力量を例えば電力会社（他の事業者）から調達するために余分のコストが発生し、その結果、上記総コストが正確でなくなる。
ところが、上記特徴構成によれば、発電可能電力需要者の発電装置を発電運転させるために要する第１コストを導出するとき、発電可能電力需要者が有する発電装置の発電電力単価と、発電電力量と、信頼性が低いほど大きくなるように設定される発電装置の信頼性に関する係数とが乗算される。つまり、上記係数を乗算することで、第１コストには、上述したような、追加で発生し得る余分のコストが予め含まれているので、上記総コストの正確性を確保できる。 Suppose that the amount of power generated by the power generation device possessed by the power generator that can generate power is derived so that the total cost required to supply power to the plurality of power consumers is minimized, and the power generation device is instructed to generate power However, there is a possibility that the amount of power generated by the power generation device is less than the instructed power generation due to a failure or the like. In that case, when viewed from the whole power supply and demand system, an insufficient amount of power is generated. Therefore, extra costs are incurred in order to procure the insufficient power amount from, for example, an electric power company (another company), and as a result, the total cost is not accurate.
However, according to the above characteristic configuration, when deriving the first cost required for the power generation operation of the power generation device of the power generation power consumer, the power generation unit price of the power generation device possessed by the power generation power consumer and the amount of power generation And a coefficient relating to the reliability of the power generation apparatus set so as to increase as the reliability decreases. That is, by multiplying the coefficient, the first cost includes the extra cost that can be additionally generated as described above, so that the accuracy of the total cost can be ensured.

本発明に係る電力需給システムの別の特徴構成は、前記信頼性に関する係数は、指示された発電電力量の、実際の発電電力量に対する比である前記発電装置の過去の発電実績に関する係数、耐用期間の、当該耐用期間と使用期間との差に対する比である前記発電装置の新しさに関する係数、又は、それらの係数の積である点にある。   Another characteristic configuration of the power supply and demand system according to the present invention is that the coefficient relating to the reliability is a ratio of the instructed generated power amount to the actual generated power amount. It is in the point which is the coefficient regarding the novelty of the said power generation apparatus which is a ratio with respect to the difference of the said useful life and use period, or the product of those coefficients.

上記特徴構成によれば、指示された発電電力量（Ｘ）の、実際の発電電力量（Ａ）に対する比（Ｘ／Ａ）を係数として用いる場合、要求通りの発電電力量を過去に供給できていないほどその係数は大きくなり、上記第１コストが大きな値になる。また、耐用期間（Ｙ）の、耐用期間（Ｙ）と使用期間（Ｂ）との差に対する比（Ｙ／（Ｙ−Ｂ））を係数として用いる場合、発電装置が古くなって故障の可能性が高くなるほどその係数は大きくなり、上記第１コストが大きな値になる。   According to the above characteristic configuration, when the ratio (X / A) of the instructed power generation amount (X) to the actual power generation amount (A) is used as a coefficient, the generated power generation amount as requested can be supplied in the past. The smaller the value, the larger the coefficient, and the higher the first cost. In addition, when the ratio (Y / (Y−B)) of the service life (Y) to the difference between the service life (Y) and the service life (B) is used as a coefficient, the power generation device may become old and may fail. The higher the value, the larger the coefficient, and the higher the first cost.

以下に図面を参照して本発明に係る電力需給システムについて説明する。
図１は、電力需給システムの構成を説明するブロック図である。電力需給システム１００は、電気事業者１０を含んでなる。電気事業者１０は、自身の所有する発電設備１５及び他の事業者４０、５０の少なくとも一方から電力を調達して複数の電力需要者２０、３０に電力を供給可能であり、並びに、電力取引所６０にて電力の売買が可能である。電気事業者１０は、例えば、特定規模電気事業者である。他の事業者４０、５０は、一般電気事業者（電力会社）や、発電所４３を保有して、電気事業者１０と電力の供給契約を結んでいる企業（例えば、発電事業者）などである。電力会社５０の商用電力系統１には、これら電気事業者１０の発電設備１５、電力需要者２０、３０、事業者４０の発電所４３が接続されている。図１では電力取引所６０が商用電力系統１に接続されているように描いているが、実際は電力取引所６０で取引される電力の受給者が商用電力系統１に接続される。 The power supply and demand system according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the power supply and demand system. The power supply / demand system 100 includes an electric power company 10. The electric power company 10 can procure electric power from at least one of the power generation facility 15 and the other electric companies 40 and 50 owned by the electric power company 10 and supply the electric power to the plurality of electric power consumers 20 and 30, and the electric power transaction Electricity can be bought and sold at the station 60. The electric power company 10 is, for example, a specific scale electric power company. The other business operators 40 and 50 are general electric power companies (electric power companies), companies that own the power plant 43 and have a power supply contract with the electric power companies 10 (for example, power generation companies), and the like. is there. The power generation facility 15 of the electric power company 10, the power consumers 20, 30 and the power plant 43 of the power company 40 are connected to the commercial power grid 1 of the power company 50. In FIG. 1, the power exchange 60 is depicted as being connected to the commercial power grid 1, but in reality, a receiver of power traded on the power exchange 60 is connected to the commercial power grid 1.

複数の電力需要者２０、３０は、電気事業者１０と電力供給の契約を結んでいる。よって、電気事業者１０は、要求された需要電力量（電力需要者が消費する電力量）を複数の電力需要者２０、３０に対して各別に供給する必要がある。
本実施形態では、複数の電力需要者２０、３０は、電力負荷装置２２のみを有する電力需要者２０と、電力負荷装置３３及び自家発電装置３４（本発明の発電装置の一例）を有する発電可能電力需要者３０とを含む。本実施形態において、自家発電装置３４は、ガスエンジンコジェネレーションシステムや燃料電池などで構成される発電装置である。但し、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４は、発電電力の大きさの点で電力取引所６０の参入要件を満たしていないので、各発電可能電力需要者３０は電力取引所６０において売電を行うことはできないものとする。加えて、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４で発生した電力はその発電可能電力需要者３０のみで消費される必要がある。つまり、自家発電装置３４で発生した電力を商用電力系統１に逆潮流させないようになっているので、その点からも、各発電可能電力需要者３０は電力取引所６０において売電を行うことはできない。また、図１には、２つの電力需要者２０と２つの発電可能電力需要者３０とを示しているが、その数は適宜変更可能である。 The plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 have a power supply contract with the electric power company 10. Therefore, the electric power company 10 needs to supply the requested power demand (the power consumed by the power consumer) to each of the plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 separately.
In this embodiment, the plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 can generate power having the power consumer 20 having only the power load device 22, the power load device 33 and the private power generator 34 (an example of the power generator of the present invention). Power consumers 30. In the present embodiment, the private power generator 34 is a power generator configured by a gas engine cogeneration system, a fuel cell, or the like. However, since the private power generation device 34 of the power generator 30 that can be generated does not satisfy the entry requirements of the power exchange 60 in terms of the magnitude of the generated power, each power consumer 30 that can generate power in the power exchange 60 It is not possible to sell electricity. In addition, the electric power generated by the private power generation device 34 of the power generator 30 that needs to be generated needs to be consumed only by the power generator 30 that can generate power. That is, since the electric power generated by the private power generator 34 is not allowed to flow backward to the commercial power system 1, from this point of view, each power generator 30 capable of generating electricity cannot sell power at the power exchange 60. Can not. Moreover, although FIG. 1 shows two power consumers 20 and two power generators 30 that can generate power, the number can be changed as appropriate.

図１に示す電気事業者１０、電力需要者２０、３０、本発明の他の事業者としての事業者４０及び電力取引所６０は、１台又は複数台のコンピュータによって構成された電気事業者システム、電力需要者システム、事業者システム及び電力取引所システムである。例えば、電気事業者１０は、入力装置１１、出力装置１２、制御装置１３、記憶装置１４を有する。電力需要者２０は出力装置２１及び電力負荷装置２２を有する。発電可能電力需要者３０は、入力装置３１、出力装置３２、電力負荷装置３３及び自家発電装置３４を有する。事業者４０は、入力装置４１及び出力装置４２を有すると共に、発電所４３を有している。電力取引所６０は、入力装置６１及び出力装置６２を有する。
電気事業者１０の入力装置１１及び出力装置１２は、電力需要者２０の出力装置２１、発電可能電力需要者３０の入力装置３１及び出力装置３２、事業者４０の入力装置４１及び出力装置４２、並びに、電力取引所６０の入力装置６１及び出力装置６２との間で通信回線（図示せず）を介して情報の送受信を行うことができるように構成されている。 The electric power company 10, the electric power consumers 20, 30 shown in FIG. 1, the electric power company 40 as another electric company of the present invention, and the electric power exchange 60 are configured by one or a plurality of computers. A power consumer system, a business operator system, and a power exchange system. For example, the electric utility 10 includes an input device 11, an output device 12, a control device 13, and a storage device 14. The power consumer 20 has an output device 21 and a power load device 22. The power generator 30 that can generate power includes an input device 31, an output device 32, a power load device 33, and a private power generator 34. The business entity 40 has an input device 41 and an output device 42 and also has a power plant 43. The power exchange 60 has an input device 61 and an output device 62.
The input device 11 and the output device 12 of the electric power company 10 are the output device 21 of the electric power consumer 20, the input device 31 and the output device 32 of the power generator 30 that can be generated, the input device 41 and the output device 42 of the business 40, And it is comprised so that transmission / reception of information can be performed between the input device 61 and the output device 62 of the power exchange 60 via a communication line (not shown).

電力需要者２０、３０の出力装置２１、３２は、電力需要量に関する情報を電気事業者１０に送信する。加えて、発電可能電力需要者３０の出力装置３２は、発電可能電力量に関する情報及び発電電力単価に関する情報も電気事業者１０に送信する。そして、電気事業者１０の入力装置１１は、複数の電力需要者２０、３０から電力需要量に関する情報を各別に受信し、発電可能電力需要者３０から発電可能電力量に関する情報及び発電電力単価に関する情報についても受信する。発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４が熱と電気とを併せて発生する熱電併給装置である場合、その発電電力単価は熱利用効率を考慮した上での単価を算出することが好ましい。   The output devices 21 and 32 of the power consumers 20 and 30 transmit information related to the power demand to the electric utility 10. In addition, the output device 32 of the power generator 30 that can generate power also transmits information about the amount of power that can be generated and information about the unit price of generated power to the electric utility 10. And the input device 11 of the electric power company 10 receives the information regarding the electric power demand separately from the plurality of electric power consumers 20 and 30, and relates to the information regarding the electric power that can be generated from the electric power generator 30 and the unit price of the generated electric power. Receive information as well. When the private power generation device 34 of the power generator 30 that can generate power is a combined heat and power generation device that generates heat and electricity, it is preferable to calculate the unit price of the generated power in consideration of the heat utilization efficiency. .

事業者４０の出力装置４２は、自身が所有する発電所４３を用いて調達する調達可能電力量に関する情報及び調達電力単価に関する情報を電気事業者１０に送信する。そして、電気事業者１０の入力装置１１は、事業者４０から上記調達可能電力量に関する情報及び上記調達電力単価に関する情報を受信する。   The output device 42 of the business entity 40 transmits information related to the procurable power amount to be procured using the power plant 43 owned by the business entity 40 and information related to the procurement power unit price to the electric power utility 10. Then, the input device 11 of the electric power company 10 receives information on the procurable power amount and information on the procured power unit price from the business person 40.

電力取引所６０の出力装置６２は、売買可能電力量に関する情報及び売買電力単価に関する情報を電気事業者１０に送信する。この情報の送信は、電力取引所６０の出力装置６２が定期的に行ってもよく、或いは、電力取引所６０の入力装置６１が、上記情報の送信要求を電気事業者１０の出力装置１２から受信したときに行ってもよい。そして、電気事業者１０の入力装置１１は、電力取引所６０から上記売買可能電力量に関する情報及び上記売買電力単価に関する情報を受信する。   The output device 62 of the power exchange 60 transmits information related to the amount of electric power that can be bought and sold and information related to the unit price of electric power to be purchased to the electric power company 10. The transmission of this information may be periodically performed by the output device 62 of the power exchange 60, or the input device 61 of the power exchange 60 sends a request for transmission of the information from the output device 12 of the electric utility 10. It may be performed when received. And the input device 11 of the electric power company 10 receives the information regarding the amount of power that can be bought and sold and the information about the unit price of buying and selling power from the power exchange 60.

電気事業者１０は、自身の発電設備１５による発電可能電力量に関する情報及び発電電力単価に関する情報を記憶装置１４に記憶している。また、電気事業者１０が受信すると説明した上記情報は、定期的に最新の情報で更新される（即ち、定期的に受信される）ことが好ましいが、電気事業者１０の記憶装置１４に予め記憶されている情報又は過去に電気事業者１０が受信して記憶装置１４に記憶した情報であってもよい。
また、電気事業者１０が電力会社５０（他の事業者）との間で電力の供給契約を結んでいれば、電気事業者１０は電力会社５０から購入した電力を電力需要者２０、３０に供給できる。よって、電気事業者１０は、電力会社５０からの調達電力単価に関する情報も取得可能であり、その情報は記憶装置１４に記憶されている。尚、電力会社５０からの調達可能電力量に制限はないものとする。 The electric utility 10 stores in the storage device 14 information related to the amount of power that can be generated by the power generation facility 15 and information related to the unit price of generated power. In addition, it is preferable that the information described as received by the electric utility 10 is regularly updated with the latest information (that is, periodically received). However, the information is stored in the storage device 14 of the electric enterprise 10 in advance. The stored information or the information received by the electric power company 10 in the past and stored in the storage device 14 may be used.
In addition, if the electric power company 10 has a power supply contract with the electric power company 50 (another electric power company), the electric power company 10 sends the electric power purchased from the electric power company 50 to the electric power consumers 20 and 30. Can supply. Therefore, the electric power company 10 can also acquire information regarding the unit price of electric power purchased from the electric power company 50, and the information is stored in the storage device 14. It is assumed that there is no limit to the amount of power that can be procured from the power company 50.

以上のように、電力需給システム１００において、電力需要者２０、３０に対する電力供給元として自家発電装置３４、電気事業者１０自身の発電設備１５、事業者４０（他の事業者）の発電所４３、電力会社５０（他の事業者）がある。そして、電気事業者１０は、各電力供給元から供給を受けることができる電力量（発電可能電力量、調達可能電力量）及びその電力単価に関する情報を有している。   As described above, in the power supply and demand system 100, the private power generation device 34, the power generation facility 15 of the electric power company 10 itself, and the power plant 43 of the business 40 (other business) as the power supply source for the power consumers 20 and 30. There is an electric power company 50 (another business operator). And the electric power company 10 has the information regarding the electric energy which can be supplied from each electric power supply source (amount of electric power which can be generated, electric power which can be procured) and its electric power unit price.

電気事業者１０の制御装置１３は、各電力供給元から調達可能な電力量（上記発電可能電力量及び上記調達可能電力量）及び上記電力単価に関する情報を有することにより、複数の電力需要者２０、３０に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるような、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４による発電電力量、発電設備１５による発電電力量、他の事業者４０、５０からの調達電力量、並びに、電力取引所６０での売買電力量を導出できる。
具体的には、電気事業者１０の制御装置１３は、その電気事業者１０の入力装置１１を用いて受信した又はその電気事業者１０の記憶装置１４に記憶されている、複数の電力需要者２０、３０の需要電力量に関する情報と、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４の発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、発電設備１５による発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、他の事業者４０、５０からの調達電力単価に関する情報及び調達可能電力量に関する情報と、電力取引所６０での売買電力単価に関する情報及び売買可能電力量に関する情報と、に基づいて、複数の電力需要者２０、３０に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるように、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４による発電電力量、発電設備１５による発電電力量、他の事業者４０、５０からの調達電力量、及び、電力取引所６０での売買電力量を導出する。但し、売買電力量は電力取引所６０での取引単位の倍数である。 The control device 13 of the electric power company 10 has information on the amount of power that can be procured from each power supply source (the amount of power that can be generated and the amount of power that can be procured) and the unit price of power. , 30 so that the total cost required to supply power is minimized, the amount of power generated by the private power generation device 34 of the power generator 30 that can be generated, the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 15, the other businesses 40, The amount of power procured from 50 and the amount of power purchased and sold at the power exchange 60 can be derived.
Specifically, the control device 13 of the electric power company 10 receives a plurality of electric power consumers received using the input device 11 of the electric power company 10 or stored in the storage device 14 of the electric power company 10. 20, 30 information on the amount of power demand, information on the power generation unit price of the private power generator 34 owned by the power generator 30 and information on the amount of power that can be generated, information on the unit price of power generated by the power generation facility 15, and power generation possible Information on the amount of power, information on the unit price of electric power purchased from other businesses 40 and 50, information on the amount of electric power that can be procured, information on the unit price of electric power bought and sold at the power exchange 60, and information on the amount of electric power that can be bought and sold On the basis of this, the power demandable power consumer 30 is present so that the total cost required to supply power to the plurality of power demanders 20 and 30 is minimized. Amount of power generation by the private power generation device 34 that, amount of power generation by the power generation facility 15, raising the amount of power from other operators 40 and 50, and, to derive the buying and selling amount of power in the Power Exchange 60. However, the amount of power purchased and sold is a multiple of the trading unit at the power exchange 60.

以下に、電気事業者１０の制御装置１３が行う、複数の電力需要者２０、３０に電力を供給するために要する上記総コストの導出方法について説明する。
電気事業者１０の制御装置１３は、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４の発電電力単価と、発電電力量と、信頼性が低いほど大きくなるように設定される自家発電装置３４の信頼性に関する係数とを乗算して、発電可能電力需要者３０の自家発電装置３４を発電運転させるために要する第１コストを導出する。 Below, the derivation | leading-out method of the said total cost required in order to supply electric power to the some electric power consumer 20 and 30 which the control apparatus 13 of the electric power company 10 performs is demonstrated.
The control device 13 of the electric power company 10 is configured so that the power generation unit price of the private power generation device 34 owned by the power generator 30 that can generate power, the amount of generated power, and the private power generation device 34 set so as to increase as the reliability decreases. The first cost required for generating the power generation operation of the private power generation device 34 of the power generation possible power consumer 30 is derived by multiplying the coefficient related to reliability.

発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４の中には、商用目的で設置された発電所などと比べて故障や事故が発生した場合のバックアップ体制が充分ではない発電装置もあり、その場合にはその後の復旧が遅れる可能性がある。また、装置の保守点検も、商用目的で設置された発電所などと比べて充分ではない発電装置もある。そのため、電気事業者１０から発電可能電力需要者３０の自家発電装置３４に対してある発電電力量の発電指示を行ったとしても、自家発電装置３４で発電される電力量が指示された発電電力量に満たない可能性もある。その場合、電力需給システム１００の全体から見ると、不足電力量が発生することになる。そして、電気事業者１０は、その不足電力量を例えば電力会社５０から調達するために、余分のコストを払う必要がある。   Among the in-house power generators 34 possessed by the power generator 30 that can generate power, there is a power generator that does not have a sufficient backup system when a failure or accident occurs compared to a power plant installed for commercial purposes. There is a possibility that later recovery will be delayed. In addition, there are power generators that are not sufficient for equipment maintenance and inspection as compared with power plants installed for commercial purposes. Therefore, even if the electric power company 10 gives a power generation instruction of a certain amount of generated power to the private power generation device 34 of the power generator 30 that can generate power, the generated power instructed the amount of power generated by the private power generation device 34. It may not be enough. In that case, when viewed from the entire power supply and demand system 100, an insufficient amount of power is generated. And the electric power company 10 needs to pay an extra cost in order to procure the insufficient electric power amount from the electric power company 50, for example.

よって、電気事業者１０は、自家発電装置３４を発電させる場合に考慮する上記第１コストに、不足電力量が発生する可能性（即ち、余分のコストが発生する可能性）を組み込むべく、信頼性が低いほど大きくなるように設定される自家発電装置３４の信頼性に関する係数を導入している。よって、同じ発電電力量で同じ発電電力単価であっても、信頼性の低い自家発電装置３４は上記第１コストが大きく導出される。
例えば、電気事業者１０の制御装置１３は、自家発電装置３４の信頼性に関する係数を、記憶装置１４に記憶されている自家発電装置３４の過去の発電実績に関する情報や新しさに関する情報などに基づいて導出する。 Therefore, the electric power company 10 trusts the first cost to be considered when generating the private power generation device 34 to incorporate the possibility that an insufficient amount of power is generated (that is, the possibility that an extra cost is generated). A coefficient relating to the reliability of the private power generator 34 that is set so as to increase as the performance decreases is introduced. Therefore, even with the same generated power amount and the same generated power unit price, the first power cost of the private power generator 34 with low reliability is greatly derived.
For example, the control device 13 of the electric power company 10 uses the coefficient relating to the reliability of the private power generator 34 based on the information related to the past power generation performance of the private power generator 34 stored in the storage device 14 or the information related to the newness. To derive.

過去の発電実績に関する情報を考慮する場合の係数は、電気事業者１０からある発電電力量：Ｘを指示したときの実際の発電電力量：Ａから導出できる。つまり、この場合の上記係数は、指示された発電電力量：Ｘの、実際の発電電力量：Ａに対する比：Ｘ／Ａであり、実際の発電電力量が小さいほど（即ち、要求通りの発電電力量を過去に供給できていないほど）係数は大きくなる。
自家発電装置３４の新しさに関する情報を考慮する場合の係数は、自家発電装置３４の設定される耐用期間：Ｙと実際の使用期間：Ｂとから導出できる。つまり、この場合の上記係数は、耐用期間：Ｙの、耐用期間：Ｙと使用期間：Ｂとの差に対する比：Ｙ／（Ｙ−Ｂ）であり、実際の使用期間が長くなるほど（即ち、例えば、自家発電装置３４が古くなって故障の可能性が高くなるほど）係数は大きくなる。これら２つの係数の何れか一つが用いられてもよく、或いは、２つの係数の積が用いられてもよい。
また、他の信頼性に関する係数を用いてもよい。 The coefficient in the case of considering information on the past power generation results can be derived from the actual power generation amount A when the electric power company 10 instructs a certain power generation amount X. That is, the coefficient in this case is the ratio of the instructed power generation amount: X to the actual power generation amount: A: X / A, and the smaller the actual power generation amount (that is, the power generation as required). The coefficient increases as the amount of power cannot be supplied in the past.
A coefficient in the case of considering information related to the newness of the private power generator 34 can be derived from the set useful life period Y and private use period B of the private power generator 34. That is, the coefficient in this case is the ratio Y: (Y−B) of the lifetime: Y to the difference between the lifetime: Y and the usage period: B, and the longer the actual usage period (ie, For example, the coefficient increases as the private power generator 34 becomes older and the possibility of failure increases. Any one of these two coefficients may be used, or the product of two coefficients may be used.
Also, other reliability-related coefficients may be used.

また、電気事業者１０の制御装置１３は、発電設備１５の発電電力単価と発電電力量とを乗算して第２コストを導出し、他の事業者４０、５０の調達電力単価と調達電力量とを乗算して第３コストを導出し、電力取引所６０での売買電力単価と売買電力量とを乗算して第４コストを導出する。   In addition, the control device 13 of the electric power company 10 multiplies the generated power unit price of the power generation facility 15 and the generated power amount to derive the second cost, and the procured power unit price and the procured power amount of the other business operators 40 and 50. And the third cost is derived, and the fourth cost is derived by multiplying the unit price of electric power purchased and sold by the power exchange 60 and the amount of electric power purchased and sold.

そして、電気事業者１０の制御装置１３は、上記第１コストと上記第２コストと上記第３コストと上記第４コストとの和から総コストを導出する。
このように、電気事業者１０の制御装置１３は、複数の電力需要者２０、３０に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるような、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４による発電電力量、発電設備１５による発電電力量、他の事業者４０、５０からの調達電力量、及び、電力取引所６０での売買電力量を導出できる。そして、電気事業者１０の出力装置１２は、制御装置１３による、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４による発電電力量、発電設備１５による発電電力量、他の事業者４０からの調達電力量、電力取引所６０での売買電力量の導出結果に従って、発電可能電力需要者３０への発電要求、発電設備１５への発電要求、他の事業者４０への送電要求、及び、電力取引所６０への電力売買を行う。電力会社５０へは送電要求を行う必要はない。 Then, the control device 13 of the electric utility 10 derives the total cost from the sum of the first cost, the second cost, the third cost, and the fourth cost.
As described above, the control device 13 of the electric power company 10 is a private power generation device possessed by the power generator 30 that can generate power so that the total cost required to supply power to the plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 is minimized. 34, the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 15, the amount of power procured from other businesses 40 and 50, and the amount of power purchased and sold at the power exchange 60 can be derived. And the output device 12 of the electric power company 10 is the amount of power generated by the control device 13 by the private power generation device 34 of the power generator 30 that can generate power, the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 15, and procurement from other business operators 40. According to the derivation result of the amount of electric power and the amount of electric power purchased and sold at the electric power exchange 60, a power generation request to the power generation demandable consumer 30, a power generation request to the power generation facility 15, a power transmission request to other business operators 40, and a power transaction Purchase and sell power to station 60. There is no need to make a power transmission request to the power company 50.

発電可能電力需要者３０は、その入力装置３１で上記発電要求を受信すると、その発電要求に従って自家発電装置３４を運転させる。電気事業者１０自身は、上記発電要求に従って発電設備１５を運転させる。他の事業者４０は、その入力装置４１で上記送電要求を受信すると、その送電要求に従って発電所４３から電力を送電する。電力取引所６０は、その入力装置６１で上記入札を受け付けると、その入札内容に応じた電力の売買を成立させる。   When the power generation demander 30 receives the power generation request at the input device 31, the power generator 30 operates the private power generation device 34 according to the power generation request. The electric utility 10 itself operates the power generation facility 15 in accordance with the power generation request. When the other business entity 40 receives the power transmission request through the input device 41, the power is transmitted from the power plant 43 according to the power transmission request. When the power exchange 60 accepts the bid by the input device 61, the power exchange 60 establishes power trading according to the content of the bid.

以上のように、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４での発電電力を電力取引所６０で直接売電できない場合であっても、その発電電力によって、発電可能電力需要者３０自身の受電電力（＝需要電力−自家発電装置３４の発電電力）を減少させることができる。電気事業者１０は、その減少した分の受電電力を、本来はその発電可能電力需要者３０に電力を供給していた発電設備１５の余剰電力であるとして電力取引所６０で売電できる。このとき、発電設備１５で発電された電力を電力取引所６０で売電してはいるが、実際には自家発電装置３４での発電により生じた余剰電力分を売電しているので、本来は電力取引所６０への参入要件を満たさない自家発電装置３４の発電電力を電力取引所６０で売電したとみなすことができる。   As described above, even if the power generated by the private power generation apparatus 34 of the power generator 30 that can be generated cannot be directly sold at the power exchange 60, the power generator 30 itself can generate power using the generated power. The received power (= demand power—power generated by the private power generator 34) can be reduced. The electric power company 10 can sell the received power for the reduced amount at the power exchange 60 as the surplus power of the power generation facility 15 that originally supplied power to the power generator 30 capable of generating power. At this time, although the electric power generated by the power generation facility 15 is sold at the power exchange 60, the surplus power generated by the power generation by the private power generator 34 is actually sold. It can be considered that the generated power of the private power generator 34 that does not satisfy the entry requirement to the power exchange 60 is sold at the power exchange 60.

＜別実施形態＞
＜１＞
上記実施形態において、電気事業者は、複数の事業者で構成されていてもよい。図２は、別実施形態の電力需給システム２００の構成を説明するブロック図である。以下に、電力需給システム２００の構成について説明するが、上述した電力需給システム１００と同様の構成については説明を省略する。 <Another embodiment>
<1>
In the above embodiment, the electric power company may be composed of a plurality of business persons. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply and demand system 200 according to another embodiment. The configuration of the power supply / demand system 200 will be described below, but the description of the same configuration as that of the power supply / demand system 100 described above will be omitted.

図２に示す電力需給システム２００は、第１電気事業者８０と第２電気事業者９０とを含んでなり、これら２つの電気事業者によって、上記実施形態における電気事業者１０の機能を担う。例えば、第１電気事業者８０が、電力取引所６０での電力売買を行うと共に、自身の所有する発電設備８５、及び、他の事業者４０、５０からの電力調達を管理する。また、第２電気事業者９０が、複数の電力需要者２０、３０への電力供給を担うと共に、自身の所有する発電設備９５、他の事業者７０、及び、第１電気事業者８０からの電力調達を管理する。   An electric power supply and demand system 200 shown in FIG. 2 includes a first electric power company 80 and a second electric power company 90, and these two electric power companies bear the function of the electric power company 10 in the above embodiment. For example, the first electric power company 80 performs power trading at the power exchange 60 and manages power procurement from the power generation facility 85 owned by the first electric power company 60 and the other power companies 40 and 50. In addition, the second electric utility 90 is responsible for supplying electric power to the plurality of electric power consumers 20 and 30, and the power generation equipment 95 owned by the second electric utility 90, the other electric operators 70, and the first electric utility 80. Manage power procurement.

この場合、第１電気事業者８０の入力装置８１は、複数の電力需要者２０、３０の出力装置２１、３２から電力需要量に関する情報を各別に受信し、発電可能電力需要者３０の出力装置３２から発電可能電力量に関する情報及び発電電力単価に関する情報についても受信する。また、第１電気事業者８０の入力装置８１は、事業者４０、７０の出力装置４２、７２から各発電所４３、７３からの調達可能電力量に関する情報及び調達電力単価に関する情報を受信し、電力取引所６０の出力装置６２から売買可能電力量に関する情報及び売買電力単価に関する情報を受信し、第２電気事業者９０の出力装置９２から発電設備９５による発電可能電力量に関する情報及び発電電力単価に関する情報を受信する。また、第１電気事業者８０の入力装置８１は、電力会社５０から調達電力単価に関する情報を受信する。自身の所有する発電設備８５の発電可能電力量に関する情報及び発電電力単価に関する情報は、第１電気事業者８０の記憶装置８４に記憶されている。   In this case, the input device 81 of the first electric utility 80 receives information on the power demand from the output devices 21 and 32 of the plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 separately, and the output device of the power demandable power consumer 30 Information about the amount of power that can be generated and information about the unit price of generated power are also received from 32. In addition, the input device 81 of the first electric power company 80 receives information on the procurable power amount from each of the power plants 43 and 73 and information on the purchased power unit price from the output devices 42 and 72 of the business operators 40 and 70, Information on the amount of electric power that can be bought and sold and information on the unit price of electric power purchased and received are received from the output device 62 of the power exchange 60, and information on the amount of electric power that can be generated by the power generation facility 95 and the unit price of generated electric power are output from the output device 92 of the second electric utility 90. Receive information about. In addition, the input device 81 of the first electric utility 80 receives information related to the purchased power unit price from the power company 50. Information relating to the amount of power that can be generated by the power generation facility 85 owned by itself and information relating to the unit price of generated power are stored in the storage device 84 of the first electric utility 80.

第１電気事業者８０の制御装置８３は、その電気事業者８０の入力装置８１を用いて受信した又はその電気事業者８０の記憶装置８４に記憶されている、複数の電力需要者２０、３０の需要電力量に関する情報と、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４の発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、自身の所有する発電設備８５による発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、第２電気事業者９０が有する発電設備９５による発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、他の事業者４０、５０、７０からの調達電力単価に関する情報及び調達可能電力量に関する情報と、電力取引所６０での売買電力単価に関する情報及び売買可能電力量に関する情報と、に基づいて、複数の電力需要者２０、３０に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるように、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４による発電電力量、発電設備８５による発電電力量、発電設備９５による発電電力量、他の事業者４０、５０、７０からの調達電力量、及び、電力取引所６０での売買電力量を導出する。   The control device 83 of the first electric power company 80 receives a plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 received using the input device 81 of the electric power company 80 or stored in the storage device 84 of the electric power company 80. Information on the amount of demanded power, information on the unit price of power generated by the private power generation device 34 owned by the power generator 30 and information on the amount of power that can be generated, information on the unit price of power generated by the power generation equipment 85 owned by the power generator Information on the amount of power that can be generated, information on the unit price of power generated by the power generation facility 95 of the second electric power company 90, information on the amount of power that can be generated, information on the unit price of power procured from other companies 40, 50, 70, and Based on information on the amount of power that can be procured, information on the unit price of electric power purchased and sold at the power exchange 60, and information on the amount of electric power that can be bought and sold So that the total cost required to supply power to the plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 is minimized, the amount of power generated by the private power generator 34 of the power generator 30 that can be generated, the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 85, The amount of power generated by the power generation facility 95, the amount of power procured from other businesses 40, 50, and 70, and the amount of power purchased and sold at the power exchange 60 are derived.

第１電気事業者８０の出力装置８２は、電力取引所６０での電力売買を行うと共に、他の事業者４０、５０からの電力調達、及び、発電設備８５による発電を行うべく、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４による発電電力量、他の事業者４０からの調達電力量、発電設備８５による発電電力量、並びに、電力取引所６０での売買電力量の導出結果に従って、発電可能電力需要者３０への発電要求、他の事業者４０への送電要求、発電設備８５への発電要求、及び、電力取引所６０への電力売買の入札を行う。尚、電力会社５０へは送電要求を行う必要はない。
発電可能電力需要者３０は、その入力装置３１で上記発電要求を受信すると、その発電要求に従って自家発電装置３４を運転させる。事業者４０は、その入力装置４１で上記送電要求を受信すると、その送電要求に従って発電所４３から電力を送電する。発電設備８５は、その発電要求に従って発電運転を行う。電力取引所６０は、その入力装置６１で上記入札を受け付けると、その入札内容に応じた電力の売買を成立させる。
加えて、第１電気事業者８０の出力装置８２は、第２電気事業者９０に対して、発電設備９５による発電電力量、及び、他の事業者７０からの調達電力量の導出結果を送信する。 The output device 82 of the first electric power company 80 performs power trading at the power exchange 60, and also generates electric power that can be generated in order to procure power from the other power companies 40 and 50 and generate power by the power generation facility 85. According to the result of derivation of the amount of power generated by the private power generation device 34 of the consumer 30, the amount of power procured from another company 40, the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 85, and the amount of power purchased and sold at the power exchange 60. A bid is made for a power generation request to the possible power consumer 30, a power transmission request to another business 40, a power generation request to the power generation facility 85, and power trading to the power exchange 60. It is not necessary to make a power transmission request to the power company 50.
When the power generation demander 30 receives the power generation request at the input device 31, the power generator 30 operates the private power generation device 34 according to the power generation request. When receiving the power transmission request with the input device 41, the business entity 40 transmits power from the power plant 43 according to the power transmission request. The power generation facility 85 performs a power generation operation in accordance with the power generation request. When the power exchange 60 accepts the bid by the input device 61, the power exchange 60 establishes power trading according to the content of the bid.
In addition, the output device 82 of the first electric power company 80 transmits to the second electric power company 90 the results of derivation of the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 95 and the amount of power procured from the other power companies 70. To do.

第２電気事業者９０の記憶装置９４は、入力装置９１で受信した発電設備９５による発電電力量及び他の事業者７０からの調達電力量の導出結果の情報を記憶する。そして、第２電気事業者９０の制御装置９３は、発電設備９５による発電電力量及び他の事業者７０からの調達電力量の導出結果に従って、発電設備９５への発電要求、及び、他の事業者７０への送電要求を行う。
第２電気事業者９０の発電設備９５は、その発電要求に従って発電運転する。事業者７０は、その入力装置７１で上記送電要求を受信すると、その送電要求に従って発電所７３から電力を送電する。 The storage device 94 of the second electric power company 90 stores information on the result of derivation of the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 95 received by the input device 91 and the amount of power procured from the other power companies 70. And the control apparatus 93 of the 2nd electric power company 90 makes the electric power generation request | requirement to the electric power generation equipment 95 according to the derivation | leading-out result of the electric power generation amount by the electric power generation equipment 95, and the electric power procurement amount from the other electric power companies 70, and other business. The power transmission request to the person 70 is made.
The power generation facility 95 of the second electric utility 90 performs a power generation operation according to the power generation request. When the business operator 70 receives the power transmission request at the input device 71, the business operator 70 transmits power from the power plant 73 in accordance with the power transmission request.

以上の結果、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４での発電電力を電力取引所６０で直接売電できない場合であっても、その発電電力によって、発電可能電力需要者３０自身の受電電力（＝需要電力−自家発電装置の発電電力）を減少させることができる。その結果、第２電気事業者９０は、その減少した分の受電電力を調達しなくてもよくなる、即ち、第１電気事業者８０は、その減少した分の受電電力を第２電気事業者９０に提供しなくてもよくなる。従って、第１電気事業者９０は、その減少した分の受電電力を、本来はその発電可能電力需要者３０に電力を供給していた発電設備８５の余剰電力であるとして電力取引所６０で売電できる。このとき、発電設備８５で発電された電力を電力取引所６０で売電してはいるが、実際には自家発電装置３４での発電により生じた余剰電力分を売電しているので、本来は電力取引所６０への参入要件を満たさない自家発電装置３４の発電電力を電力取引所６０で売電したとみなすことができる。   As a result of the above, even if the power generated by the self-power generation device 34 of the power generator 30 that can be generated cannot be directly sold at the power exchange 60, the power receiver 30 itself can receive power by the generated power. Electric power (= demand power—power generated by the private power generator) can be reduced. As a result, the second electric power company 90 does not need to procure the reduced received power, that is, the first electric power company 80 uses the reduced received power for the second electric power company 90. You don't have to provide it. Therefore, the first electric power company 90 sells the reduced received power at the power exchange 60 as surplus power of the power generation facility 85 that originally supplied power to the power generator 30 capable of generating power. I can do electricity. At this time, although the electric power generated by the power generation facility 85 is sold at the power exchange 60, the surplus power generated by the power generation by the private power generator 34 is actually sold. It can be considered that the generated power of the private power generator 34 that does not satisfy the entry requirement to the power exchange 60 is sold at the power exchange 60.

＜２＞
上記別実施形態では、第１電気事業者８０の制御装置８３が、複数の電力需要者２０、３０に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるように、発電可能電力需要者３０が有する自家発電装置３４による発電電力量、発電設備８５による発電電力量、発電設備９５による発電電力量、他の事業者４０、５０、７０からの調達電力量、及び、電力取引所６０での売買電力量を導出する例について説明したが、第１電気事業者８０と同様の構成である第２電気事業者９０の制御装置９３がそれらを導出するように改変してもよい。 <2>
In the another embodiment, the power generator 30 capable of generating power is configured so that the total cost required for the control device 83 of the first electric utility 80 to supply power to the plurality of power consumers 20 and 30 is the smallest. The amount of power generated by the own power generator 34, the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 85, the amount of power generated by the power generation facility 95, the amount of power procured from other businesses 40, 50, and 70, and buying and selling at the power exchange 60 Although the example which derives | emits electric energy was demonstrated, you may modify | change so that the control apparatus 93 of the 2nd electric power company 90 which is the structure similar to the 1st electric power company 80 derives them.

＜３＞
上記電力需給システム１００、２００は、上述したように自家発電装置を運転することで生じた余剰電力を電力取引所で売電する場面において有用であるが、それ以外の場面においても有用である。例えば、事故や故障などの理由により、電気事業者が有する発電設備、他の事業者が有する発電所などの一部が運転できなくなり、その結果、電気事業者が有する発電設備、他の事業者が有する発電所などから電力需要者に対して供給可能な電力が減少することがある。そのような場面であっても、自家発電装置を運転することで、電気事業者から電力需要者に対して供給する必要のある電力（需要電力）を減少させることができる。また、上述した事故や故障が発生しなくても、自家発電装置の運転を積極的に行うことで、電気事業者から電力需要者に供給するべき電力を減少させることもできる。 <3>
The power supply and demand system 100, 200 is useful in a scene where surplus power generated by operating a private power generator as described above is sold at a power exchange, but is also useful in other situations. For example, due to accidents or breakdowns, some of the power generation facilities owned by electric utilities and power stations owned by other businesses cannot be operated. As a result, the power generation facilities owned by electric utilities, other businesses The electric power that can be supplied from the power plant or the like to the power consumer may decrease. Even in such a scene, by operating the private power generation device, it is possible to reduce the power (demand power) that needs to be supplied from the electric power company to the power consumer. Moreover, even if the above-mentioned accident and failure do not occur, it is possible to reduce the power to be supplied from the electric utility to the electric power consumer by actively operating the private power generator.

また、上記実施形態及び上記別実施形態では、本発明の発電装置の具体例としてガスエンジンコージェネレーションシステムや燃料電池などで構成される自家発電装置を挙げたが、発電装置として別のものを用いることもできる。例えば、自家発電装置のような発電を実際に行う装置だけでなく、発電を行わない装置を仮想的な発電装置とみなして運用することもできる。仮想的な発電装置からの供給電力としては、例えば、蓄電装置からの放電電力、電力負荷装置の負荷遮断を行った場合の削減電力などが挙げられる。よって、仮想的な発電装置を運用することで、自家発電装置を発電運転させた場合と同様に、電力需要者の受電電力を減少させることができる。   Moreover, in the said embodiment and said another embodiment, although the private power generation device comprised by a gas engine cogeneration system, a fuel cell, etc. was mentioned as a specific example of the power generation device of this invention, another thing is used as a power generation device. You can also. For example, not only a device that actually generates power, such as a private power generator, but also a device that does not generate power can be regarded as a virtual power generator and operated. Examples of the power supplied from the virtual power generation device include discharge power from the power storage device, reduced power when the load is cut off from the power load device, and the like. Therefore, by operating the virtual power generation device, the received power of the power consumer can be reduced as in the case where the private power generation device is operated for power generation.

本発明は、中小規模の自家発電装置での発電電力を電力取引所で売電可能にするシステムに利用可能である。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in a system that makes it possible to sell electric power generated by a small and medium-sized private power generator at an electric power exchange.

電力需給システムの構成を説明するブロック図Block diagram explaining the configuration of the power supply and demand system 別実施形態の電力需給システムの構成を説明するブロック図The block diagram explaining the structure of the power supply and demand system of another embodiment

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 電気事業者
２０ 電力需要者
３０ 電力需要者（発電可能電力需要者）
３４ 自家発電装置（発電装置）
４０ 事業者（他の事業者）
５０ 電力会社（他の事業者）
６０ 電力取引所 10 Electricity Utility 20 Electricity Consumer 30 Electricity User (Electric Power Demand Consumer)
34 In-house power generator (power generator)
40 businesses (other businesses)
50 Electric power companies (other companies)
60 Electricity exchange

Claims (3)

電力を複数の電力需要者に供給する電気事業者を含んでなり、
前記複数の電力需要者のうちの少なくとも１つは発電装置を有する発電可能電力需要者であり、前記発電可能電力需要者に備えられる電力需要者システムは、前記発電可能電力需要者が有する前記発電装置で発生した電力を商用電力系統に逆潮流させないという条件下で当該発電可能電力需要者の電力負荷装置で消費する形態で前記発電装置の発電電力を制御し、
前記電気事業者は、入力装置と出力装置と制御装置と記憶装置と発電設備を有し、
前記電気事業者の前記発電設備が接続されている商用電力系統には、前記複数の電力需要者と、他の事業者の発電所とが接続され、
前記電気事業者の前記制御装置は、当該電気事業者の前記入力装置を用いて受信した又は当該電気事業者の前記記憶装置に記憶されている、前記複数の電力需要者の需要電力量に関する情報と、前記複数の電力需要者のうちの前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置の発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、前記電気事業者の前記発電設備による発電電力単価に関する情報及び発電可能電力量に関する情報と、前記他の事業者の前記発電所からの調達電力単価に関する情報及び調達可能電力量に関する情報と、電力取引所での売買電力単価に関する情報及び売買可能電力量に関する情報と、に基づいて、前記複数の電力需要者に電力を供給するために要する総コストが最も小さくなるように、前記発電可能電力需要者が有する前記発電装置による発電電力量ｑ１、前記電気事業者の前記発電設備による発電電力量ｑ２、前記他の事業者の前記発電所からの調達電力量ｑ３、及び、前記電力取引所での売買電力量を導出する構成であって、
当該売買電力量の導出に当たり、前記電気事業者の前記制御装置は、前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置の前記発電電力量ｑ１を当該発電可能電力需要者の電力負荷装置が消費して、当該消費を行なわない場合に前記発電可能電力需要者が受電する電力量ｑｂより前記消費する電力量ｑ１の分だけ減少したとして当該発電可能電力需要者が受電する電力量をｑｂ´＝ｑｂ−ｑ１として導出するとともに、前記電気事業者の前記出力装置が前記電力取引所の入力装置へ入札する前記売買電力量Ｑに、当該減少される分の電力量ｑ１を含んで導出する構成であり、
前記電気事業者の前記出力装置は、前記電気事業者の前記制御装置によって導出した、前記発電可能電力需要者が有する前記発電装置による発電電力量ｑ１、前記電気事業者の前記発電設備による発電電力量ｑ２、前記他の事業者の前記発電所からの調達電力量ｑ３、及び、前記電力取引所での売買電力量Ｑの導出結果に従って、前記発電可能電力需要者への発電要求を行い、及び、前記発電設備への発電要求を行い、及び、前記他の事業者への送電要求を行い、及び、前記電力取引所への前記売買電力量Ｑの入札を行い、
前記発電可能電力需要者は、当該発電可能電力需要者の入力装置で受信した前記発電可能電力需要者への前記発電要求に従って前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置を運転するとともに、前記電力負荷装置が当該発電装置で発電される電力を消費し、
前記電気事業者の前記発電設備は、前記発電設備への前記発電要求に従って前記発電設備を運転し、
前記他の事業者は、当該他の事業者の入力装置で受信した前記他の事業者への前記送電要求に従って前記発電所から電力を送電する形態で、
前記電力取引所は、当該電力取引所の前記入力装置で受け付けた入札内容に応じた電力の売買を成立させる電力需給システム。 Comprising an electric utility that supplies electricity to a plurality of electricity consumers;
At least one of the plurality of power consumers is a power generator capable of generating power having a power generator, and a power consumer system provided in the power generator capable of generating power includes the power generation of the power generator capable of power generation. Controlling the power generated by the power generation device in a form that is consumed by the power load device of the power demandable power consumer under the condition that the power generated by the device is not reversed to the commercial power system,
The electric utility has an input device, an output device, a control device, a storage device, and a power generation facility,
The commercial power system to which the power generation facility of the electric utility is connected is connected to the plurality of power consumers and the power plant of another business,
The control device of the electric power company receives information using the input device of the electric power company, or is stored in the storage device of the electric power company, and the information related to the power demand amount of the plurality of power consumers And information on the unit price of generated power of the power generation device of the power generator that can generate power among the plurality of power consumers and information on the amount of power that can be generated, and information on the unit price of power generated by the power generation facility of the electric utility And information on the amount of power that can be generated, information on the unit price of electricity procured from the power plant of the other business operator, information on the amount of power that can be procured, information on the unit price of electric power purchased and sold at the power exchange, and information on the amount of power information, based on, such that the total cost for providing power to said plurality of power consumers is minimized, the power generation electric power demander The amount of power generation by the power generation device q1, wherein the power generation equipment according to the generated power amount q2 of electric utilities, the other operators of the procurement electric energy from power plants q3 and, trading power in the power exchange with A configuration for deriving a quantity,
In deriving the trading power amount, the control device of the electric power company consumes the generated power amount q1 of the power generation device of the power generation power consumer by the power load device of the power generation power consumer, When the consumption is not performed, it is assumed that the amount of power received by the power generator who can generate power is less than the amount of power qb received by the consumer of power that can be generated by qb ′ = qb−q1 And the electric power supplier's output device bids to the input device of the electric power exchange, and the electric power trading amount Q is derived by including the reduced electric energy q1 .
The output device of the electric utility is generated by the control device of the electric operator, and is generated by the electric power generator q1 of the electric generator that can be generated by the electric power demander, and the electric power generated by the electric generator of the electric utility Making a power generation request to the power generator that can generate electricity according to the derivation result of the amount q2 , the amount of power q3 procured from the power plant of the other business operator , and the amount of power Q bought and sold at the power exchange; and , performs a power generation request to the power generation equipment, and performs a power transmission request to the other operators, and, performs a bid of the buying and selling power amount Q to the power Exchange,
The power generation power consumer operates the power generation device of the power generation power consumer in accordance with the power generation request to the power generation power consumer received by the input device of the power generation power consumer, and the power load The device consumes the power generated by the power generator,
The power generation facility of the electric power company operates the power generation facility according to the power generation request to the power generation facility,
In the form of transmitting power from the power plant according to the power transmission request to the other business operator received by the input device of the other business operator, the other business operator,
The electric power exchange system is an electric power supply and demand system that establishes the buying and selling of electric power according to the bid content received by the input device of the electric power exchange . 前記電気事業者の前記制御装置は、
前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置による前記発電電力単価と、前記発電装置による前記発電電力量と、信頼性が低いほど大きくなるように設定される前記発電装置の信頼性に関する係数とを乗算して、前記発電可能電力需要者の前記発電装置を発電運転させるために要する第１コストを導出し、
前記電気事業者の前記発電設備による前記発電電力単価と前記発電電力量とを乗算して第２コストを導出し、
前記他の事業者の前記発電所による前記調達電力単価と前記調達電力量とを乗算して第３コストを導出し、
前記電力取引所での前記売買電力単価と前記売買電力量とを乗算して第４コストを導出し、
前記第１コストと前記第２コストと前記第３コストと前記第４コストとの和から前記総コストを導出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電力需給システム。 The control device of the electric utility is
Multiplying the unit price of power generated by the power generation device of the power generation demander, the amount of power generated by the power generation device, and a coefficient relating to the reliability of the power generation device set so as to increase as the reliability decreases. And deriving a first cost required for the power generation operation of the power generation device of the power generation power consumer,
Multiplying the generated power unit price by the power generation facility of the electric utility and the amount of generated power to derive a second cost,
Multiplying the unit price of power procured by the power plant of the other business and the amount of power procured to derive a third cost,
Multiplying the unit price of electric power purchased and sold at the power exchange and the amount of electric power purchased and sold to derive a fourth cost,
2. The power supply and demand system according to claim 1, wherein the total cost is derived from a sum of the first cost, the second cost, the third cost, and the fourth cost. 前記信頼性に関する係数は、指示された発電電力量の、実際の発電電力量に対する比である前記発電装置の過去の発電実績に関する係数、耐用期間の、当該耐用期間と使用期間との差に対する比である前記発電装置の新しさに関する係数、又は、それらの係数の積である請求項２記載の電力需給システム。   The coefficient relating to the reliability is a ratio of the instructed power generation amount to the actual power generation amount, a factor relating to the past power generation performance of the power generation device, and a ratio of the lifetime to the difference between the lifetime and the usage period. The power supply and demand system according to claim 2, which is a coefficient relating to the novelty of the power generation device, or a product of these coefficients.
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