JP5302936B2 - measuring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus.

  Conventionally, the thickness (web thickness or core thickness) of a portion (web or core) formed by the groove bottom of a rotary cutting tool such as a drill or end mill in which a spiral chip discharge groove is provided on the outer periphery. As a measuring device used for measuring ")", for example, a contact-type measuring device is known which measures a core thickness by sandwiching a groove from both sides in a rotary cutting tool provided with two chip discharge grooves. Yes.

  However, in the contact type, it is difficult to accurately measure the core thickness of a small-diameter tool having a diameter of 1 mm or less, and there is a risk of breakage of the tool. There has been proposed a non-contact type measuring apparatus that calculates the core thickness by measuring the outer shape of the tool by rotating the tool at least once around the axis while irradiating the laser beam.

JP 2003-207318 A

  By the way, since the conventional non-contact type measuring apparatus needs to rotate the tool at least once as described above, the measurement time becomes long, and the measurement value includes a rotational shake component error. There is.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and measures the thickness of the heart using a plurality of images obtained by simultaneously photographing a predetermined position in the axial direction of the member to be measured from a plurality of different directions. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a very practical measuring apparatus that can measure the core thickness and the like in a short time without the necessity of rotating the tool.

  The gist of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A rotation drive mechanism for rotating a substantially cylindrical member 2 having one or a plurality of grooves 1a and 1b formed on the outer periphery around an axis, an illumination unit for irradiating the member 2 with illumination light, and A measuring apparatus including a photographing unit that photographs the member to be measured 2 irradiated with illumination light and obtains an image, and a measurement mechanism that measures the outer shape of the member to be measured 2 from the image obtained by the photographing unit. The measuring mechanism includes prisms 3a and 3b, and the photographing unit photographs a predetermined position in the axial direction of the member 2 to be measured simultaneously from a plurality of different directions via the prisms 3a and 3b. The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus characterized by being configured to obtain.

  The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a relative movement mechanism that relatively moves the member to be measured 2 and the measurement mechanism in the axial direction of the member to be measured 2. It concerns a measuring device.

  Further, in the measurement apparatus according to claim 1, the illumination unit is configured to irradiate illumination light simultaneously from a plurality of different directions to a predetermined position in the axial direction of the member to be measured 2. The present invention relates to a measuring device characterized in that:

  4. The measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the illuminating unit is provided so that an optical axis thereof is along a forming direction of the grooves 1a and 1b of the member 2 to be measured. is there.

The measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the prisms 3a and 3b are a pair of prisms 3a and 3b provided in an opposing state.

Further, in the measuring apparatus according to claim 5 , the pair of prisms 3a and 3b are provided in a state of facing and separating from each other, and an illumination unit for irradiating illumination light from a direction perpendicular to the axis of the member to be measured 2 is provided. The imaging unit is provided at a position opposed to the illumination unit that irradiates illumination light from the direction perpendicular to the axis with the measured member 2 interposed therebetween, and a predetermined position in the axial direction of the measured member 2 is interposed between the prisms 3a and 3b. The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus configured to be able to photograph from a direction perpendicular to the axis.

Further, in the measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the member 2 to be measured is a rotary cutting tool 2 such as a drill or an end mill in which spiral chip discharge grooves 1a and 1b are provided on the outer periphery. The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus characterized by being.

8. The measuring apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the rotary cutting tool 2 is provided with one or an even number of the chip discharge grooves 1a and 1b.

The measuring device according to any one of claims 7 and 8 , wherein the measuring mechanism has an outer shape in a portion where the chip discharge grooves 1a and 1b that are illuminated and projected as shadows on the illumination unit are formed. The measurement apparatus is configured to measure the core thickness of the rotary cutting tool 2 by obtaining a minimum value.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the measurement apparatus is extremely practical and capable of measuring the thickness of the heart in a short time without the need to rotate the tool.

It is a schematic explanatory front view of a present Example. It is a schematic explanatory plan view of a present Example. It is a schematic explanatory enlarged plan view of the pressing mechanism of the present embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory enlarged left side view of the pressing mechanism of the present embodiment. It is a structure schematic explanatory drawing of a present Example. It is a schematic explanatory drawing explaining the calculation method of the heart thickness of a present Example. It is an example of an actual captured image. It is a structure schematic explanatory drawing of the principal part of another example. It is an operation | movement flowchart of a present Example.

  An embodiment of the present invention which is considered to be suitable will be briefly described with reference to the drawings showing the operation of the present invention.

  The external shape of the member to be measured 2 is measured using images acquired by simultaneously photographing a predetermined position in the axial direction of the member to be measured 2 from a plurality of different directions. At this time, for example, an image showing a groove bottom of one chip discharge groove 1a at a predetermined position in the axial direction of the rotary cutting tool 2 having two chip discharge grooves 1a and 1b, and the other chip at the position. An image showing the groove bottom of the discharge groove 1b is obtained at the same time, and the distance between the groove bottoms of the grooves 1a and 1b is calculated by image processing using these images. It is possible to measure the heart thickness and the like with little rotation around, and the measurement time is shortened, and an accurate measurement that is hardly affected by the rotational shake component error is possible.

  Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the present embodiment, a relative movement mechanism for relatively moving a substantially cylindrical member to be measured 2 having one or more grooves 1a and 1b formed on the outer periphery in the axial direction, and the member to be measured 2 include A rotation drive mechanism that rotates around an axis; an illumination unit that irradiates the member to be measured 2 with illumination light; and a photographing unit that photographs the member to be measured 2 irradiated with the illumination light and acquires an image. a measuring device comprising a measuring mechanism for measuring the contour of the object body 2 from the image obtained at the imaging section, the imaging section, a plurality of different predetermined positions in the axial direction of the measured member 2 By simultaneously photographing from the direction, the images viewed from the plurality of directions can be obtained simultaneously, and the outer shape of the member 2 to be measured at a predetermined position in the axial direction is measured using the plurality of images. It is configured.

  Specifically, a rotating cutting tool 2 such as a drill or an end mill having one or an even number of spiral chip discharge grooves 1a and 1b provided on the outer periphery is used as a member 2 to be measured, and its thickness is measured. It is.

  In the present embodiment, a case where the core thickness of the drill 2 having the two chip discharge grooves 1a and 1b is measured will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the relative movement mechanism (axial drive mechanism) and the rotational drive mechanism of the present embodiment are linearly moved in the tool axial direction relative to the fixed table 7 by the table feed motor 6. A drill holder 11 having a spindle 10 on which a chuck 9 for gripping the drill 2 can be mounted is provided on a movable table 8, and is connected to the spindle 10 via a belt 12 for rotating the spindle 10. The motor 13 is provided on the moving table 8 together with the drill holder 11. The moving table 8 is configured to be moved by a known ball screw mechanism. That is, the relative movement mechanism of this embodiment is composed of a moving table 8, a table feed motor 6, and a ball screw mechanism, and the rotation drive mechanism is a drill holder 11 (spindle 10 thereof), a drill rotation drive motor 13 and a belt 12. It consists of.

  Further, on the moving table 8, a receiving portion having a substantially V-shaped cross-sectional view for receiving the rotary cutting tool 2 provided on the fixed table 7 in order to attach and detach the drill 2 is provided via an appropriate bearing mechanism. A drill attachment / detachment table 15 is provided that can move linearly in the tool axis direction with respect to the shank receiver 14 that the shank receiver 14 has. In the present embodiment, the drill holder 11 and the drill rotation driving motor 13 are attached to the drill attaching / detaching table 15 and configured to be linearly slidable relative to the moving table 8.

  Further, the drill 2 whose shank portion is received by the receiving portion of the shank receiver 14 is pressed by a pressing mechanism as shown in FIGS. Specifically, the shank presser 16 in which the pressing portion on the distal end side moves up and down around the pin 18 is actuated by moving the rod 17 pivotally attached to the base end side of the shank presser 16 up and down to drill. Press 2 In the configuration shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the drill 2 is pressed by the pressing portion of the shank presser 16 by moving the rod 17 upward. In addition, it is good also as a structure which receives not only a shank part but a part of blade part or a part of body part provided so that a blade part and a shank part may be arranged in a row by a receiving part, and hold | suppresses by a pressing part. In this embodiment, the shank receiver 14 and the shank presser 16 are provided. However, this is because the chuck itself has flexibility (degree of freedom) and the receiving part (the shank part, the blade part, the body part). 1) shows a form for pressing the member 2 to be measured and rotating the member 2 to be measured with respect to the receiving part. As another embodiment, although not shown, when the member to be measured 2 is gripped and fixed using a chuck having a small rotational shake and stable, the member to be measured 2 may be rotated with reference to the chuck. It is not necessary to receive the receiving part at 14 etc., so that the shank presser 16 or the like is also unnecessary.

As shown in FIG. 5, the measurement mechanism of this embodiment includes an illumination unit, a photographing unit , prisms 3 a and 3 b provided between the illumination unit and the photographing unit , and a member to be measured photographed by the photographing unit. A data processing unit 23 (PC) for image processing of the two images A and B, and an image display unit 24 (monitor) for displaying the images A and B of the member 2 to be measured and a screen during image processing. Yes.

Specifically, on the fixed table 7, two light sources 4a and 4b (LEDs) as illumination units, one camera 5 as an imaging unit and illumination light emitted from the light sources 4a and 4b are given to the camera 5. Prisms 3a and 3b that allow simultaneous incidence are provided. In the figure, reference numeral 19 denotes a light source support, 20 denotes a camera support, 21 denotes a support base, and 22 denotes a support leg.

  One light source (lower light source) 4a has a direction in which its optical axis intersects the tool axis in the horizontal direction and the direction (-α) in which one side (lower side) groove (lower groove) 1a of the drill 2 is formed. The other light source (upper light source) 4b has a direction in which its optical axis intersects the tool axis in the horizontal direction and the formation direction of the groove (upper groove) 1b on the other side (upper side) of the drill 2 ( It is provided along the twist angle α).

  That is, the light sources 4a and 4b are provided such that the optical axes are inclined by ± α degrees with respect to the tool axis. The direction in which each light source is inclined with respect to the tool axis does not need to be completely coincident with the angle corresponding to the torsion angle α, and varies depending on the specifications (groove shape) of the drill 2. What is necessary is just to set to the range which can confirm the lowest point of a groove | channel, when it images and displays on the image display part 24 (monitor). The lower light source 4a and the upper light source 4b are provided at substantially the same height. In the present embodiment, the position where the optical axis of each of the light sources 4a and 4b and the tool axis intersect is set as the measurement position of the core thickness.

  The camera 5 is provided so that its optical axis is orthogonal to the tool axis and the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the light sources 4a and 4b and the camera 5 are not provided with a driving mechanism such as a motor, but are provided in a fixed state (when measuring another rotary cutting tool 2 having a different twist angle or the like). , Change the tilt direction of the light source, or replace the prism.)

Further, the measurement mechanism of the present embodiment has a pair of opposing prisms 3a and 3b, and a predetermined position (the same position) in the axial direction of the member 2 to be measured is different by the photographing unit via the prisms 3a and 3b. It is configured so that images can be taken simultaneously from the direction (direction intersecting the tool axis) (a plurality of images A and B viewed from a plurality of directions can be taken simultaneously). The prisms 3a and 3b are connected so as to be integrated with a part of the opposed surface portions in contact with each other.

Specifically, the light from the lower light source 4a and the upper light source 4b is incident on the tip incident surfaces 25a and 25b of the corresponding prisms 3a and 3b provided on the optical axes of the light sources 4a and 4b. Reflected by the reflecting surfaces 26a and 26b, led to the second reflecting surfaces 27a and 27b, reflected by the second reflecting surfaces 27a and 27b and emitted from the base end emitting surfaces 28a and 28b, and the lens 29 (telecentric lens) of the photographing unit ), The images A and B illuminated by the respective lights and projected as shadows are formed on the camera sensor 30.

  In this embodiment, the image A of the drill 2 projected as a shadow by the light of the lower light source 4a that illuminates the lower groove 1a is formed on the left region of the camera sensor 30, and the upper light source 4b that illuminates the upper groove 1b on the right region. The image B of the drill 2 projected as a shadow by the light of is set to be formed. FIG. 7 is an example of an actual captured image in which the formed images A and B are displayed on the image display unit 24 (monitor).

  That is, in this embodiment, the upper and lower grooves 1a and 1b at the same measurement position are simultaneously imaged by one camera 5 and displayed on the same screen, and the bottom of the corresponding upper and lower grooves 1a and 1b. The core thickness is measured by measuring the thickness (minimum outer shape value) at the point (bottom point) position.

  In the present embodiment, the prisms 3a and 3b are designed so that the optical distance (optical path length) from the measurement position to the camera sensor 30 is equal. Further, when the prisms 3a and 3b are removed, an image of the drill 2 in the optical axis direction of the camera 5 (an image perpendicular to the axis of the drill 2) can be obtained with the camera 5 in focus. The prisms 3a and 3b are designed. In this case, it is not necessary to change the focal point of the lens or the feed position of the table (no need to move the camera back and forth). For example, the outer shape of the member to be measured, such as the outer diameter, can be easily obtained with high accuracy. It can be easily used for adjusting the positional relationship between the optical axis of the camera 5 and the axis of the member to be measured using a reference gauge as the member to be measured. In this case, in order to more clearly capture the outer shape of the member to be measured, a light source (not shown) is arranged on the optical axis of the camera 5 so as to sandwich the axis of the member to be measured, and the member to be measured is irradiated with illumination light. Just do it.

Further, in this embodiment, the prisms 3a and 3b provided in the contact state are designed so that they can be installed in a facing and separated state, and are measured on the optical axis of the camera 5 between the prisms 3a and 3b. It may be configured such that illumination in the direction perpendicular to the axis is emitted from a light source arranged so as to sandwich the axis of the member 2 and an image viewed in the direction perpendicular to the axis can be taken directly without using a prism. That is, an illumination unit that illuminates the member to be measured 2 from a direction perpendicular to the axis and a photographing unit are arranged at positions opposite to the illumination unit with the member to be measured 2 interposed therebetween, and the member 2 to be measured is interposed between the prisms 3a and 3b. The outer shape may be obtained by photographing from a direction perpendicular to the axis at a predetermined position in the axial direction (measurement position of the core thickness) (taking an image viewed in the direction perpendicular to the axis).

  In this case, the images A and B and the image viewed in the direction perpendicular to the axis can be simultaneously captured and displayed on the monitor, and the illumination can be switched only in the measuring direction. Since the work such as removal is not necessary, the versatility of measurement is expanded. In this case as well, the prism is designed so that the optical path length when the prism is used and the optical path length when the prism is not used (axis perpendicular) are equal.

  The data processing unit 23 of the measurement mechanism can measure the core thickness of the rotary cutting tool by obtaining the minimum value of the outer shape in the portion where the chip discharge grooves 1a and 1b that are illuminated and projected as shadows are formed. A heart thickness calculating means is provided.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the distance between the lowest points of the upper and lower grooves 1a and 1b at the measurement position (from the lowest point of the groove 1a of the left image A to the groove 1b of the right image B). The length from the upper end of the screen to the lowest point of the groove 1a at the measurement position of the image A and the lowermost point of the groove 1b from the upper end of the screen at the measurement position of the image B The heart thickness calculating means is configured to calculate the thickness of the heart).

  Note that the two images A and B of the drill 2 displayed simultaneously on the same screen are calibrated by reflecting the reference gauge. Specifically, in this embodiment, before the measurement of the drill 2, the two images of the reference gauge 2 By displaying two images A and B on the screen and calibrating them based on their coordinate positions, the coordinates of the images A and B of the drill 2 can be matched, and the heart thickness can be accurately obtained. it can.

  Further, in the present embodiment, when the lowest point position of one groove is coincident with the measurement position, the drill 2 is rotated when the lowest point position of the other groove does not coincide with the measurement position. Rotate slightly (about several degrees) to find the lowest point of each groove 1a and 1b, and add the distance from the lowest point position of each groove 1a and 1b to the tool axis to obtain the core thickness. It constitutes a heart thickness calculation means. For example, the lowest point position of the grooves 1a and 1b may be determined visually while viewing the screen while rotating the drill 2, or the distance from the groove bottom to the tool axis is automatically determined at predetermined intervals within a predetermined range. It is also possible to measure and add the smallest value as the distance from the lowest point position of each groove 1a, 1b to the axis. In this case, since the rotation of the drill 2 is very small, the operation is hardly affected by the rotational shake component error.

  Moreover, although the present Example demonstrates the core thickness measurement of the drill which has two chip discharge grooves, when a chip discharge groove is an even number (2n), it measures by measuring 2 times every 2 grooves. Can be measured as well. Furthermore, in the case of a single groove, there is no core thickness defined as the distance between the lowest points of two grooves, such as a drill with an even number (2n) of chips, because of its shape. With only one of the images, the minimum value of the outer shape (the distance from the lowest point of the groove to the outer peripheral edge through the axis) can be measured as the core thickness. Moreover, it is possible to measure not only a drill but also other rotary cutting tools such as an end mill. Furthermore, even a material other than metal, such as resin and transparent acrylic, can be measured in the same manner. In addition, it is possible to measure in the same way even with non-uniform torsional and two-stage torsional rotary cutting tools whose torsion angle gradually changes. It can be measured. Further, the groove can be measured without any problem even if the member to be measured does not make one turn (one rotation).

In the present embodiment, a plurality of images A and B captured simultaneously using the prisms 3a and 3b can be displayed on the same screen. However, as shown in FIG. 5a and 5b are provided for each of the light sources 4a and 4b as illumination units in a one-to-one manner, and the distances from the lowest point of the groove bottom of the image captured simultaneously by the respective cameras 5a and 5b to the tool axis are calculated. The data processing unit may be configured to obtain the core thickness by adding together.

  Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the drill 2 is attached to the chuck 9, the drill attachment / detachment table 15 is moved, and the drill 2 is sent to the position of the shank receiver 14. Hold the drill 2 against the shank receiver 14 with the presser 16, move the table 8 with the table feed motor 6 (moving), feed the drill 2 to the position to measure, and rotate the drill 2 half-turn with the drill rotating motor 13 (the number of grooves is 2) In the case of four (1/4 rotation in the case of four), an image of the shadow of the drill 2 illuminated with illumination every 1 ° is acquired by the camera 5, and the outer shape of the drill 2 at the measurement position is obtained for each acquired image, By obtaining the minimum value of the outer shape of the obtained drill 2, the heart thickness can be measured.

  Therefore, the present embodiment is extremely practical because it is possible to measure the thickness of the heart in a short time without the necessity of rotating the tool.

1a and 1b groove 2 member to be measured 3a and 3b prism

Claims (9)

A rotation drive mechanism for rotating a substantially cylindrical member to be measured having one or more grooves formed on the outer periphery around an axis, an illumination unit for irradiating the member to be measured with illumination light, and the illumination light A measuring device having a photographing unit for photographing the member to be measured and obtaining an image, and a measuring mechanism for measuring the outer shape of the member to be measured from the image obtained by the photographing unit , the measuring mechanism Includes a prism, and the imaging unit is configured to be capable of simultaneously imaging a predetermined position in the axial direction of the member to be measured from a plurality of different directions via the prism. .   The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a relative movement mechanism that relatively moves the member to be measured and the measuring mechanism in an axial direction of the member to be measured.   The measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illumination unit is configured to irradiate illumination light simultaneously from a plurality of different directions to a predetermined position in the axial direction of the member to be measured. Characteristic measuring device.   The measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the illuminating unit is provided so that an optical axis thereof is along a groove forming direction of the member to be measured. The measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the prism is a pair of prisms provided in an opposing state. In the measurement apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the pair of prisms provided on the counter separated state, also, the lighting unit is provided for irradiating the illumination light from the direction perpendicular to the axis of the object body, said imaging unit is the object to be measured It is provided at a position opposite to the illumination unit that irradiates illumination light from the direction perpendicular to the axis across the member, and is configured so that a predetermined position in the axial direction of the member to be measured can be photographed from the direction perpendicular to the axis through the prisms. A measuring device. The measuring apparatus according to claim 1-6 any one, the measured member is characterized by helical chip flutes are drill or rotary cutting tool such as an end mill provided around the measurement apparatus. The measuring apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the rotary cutting tool is provided with one or an even number of the chip discharge grooves. 9. The measurement device according to claim 7 , wherein the measurement mechanism obtains a minimum value of an outer shape in a portion where the chip discharge groove formed to be illuminated and projected as a shadow on the illumination unit is formed. The measuring apparatus is configured to measure the core thickness of the rotary cutting tool.