JP5286472B2 - Color universal design - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for achieving a color universal color design that is easy for a person with color blindness to easily identify and does not give a sense of incongruity to a healthy person. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for implementing a color arrangement that is easy for a visually impaired person to visually recognize and does not give a sense of incongruity to a healthy person in a color handling industry such as color printing, dyeing, painting, and cosmetics, and a product using the same.

  When a human makes a judgment by looking at an object, the color of the object is important judgment information. However, there are quite a few people in the world who feel different from many people when judging the color of an object. People with such qualities are called color blind or color blind, but they are not abnormal or disabled and should be understood as those who have inherited such genetic traits. However, since no other terms can be found to describe those who inherited such genetic traits, the old expression “color blind person” is used for convenience. On the other hand, people who have not inherited such inheritance are expressed as “healthy people”. Information conveyed by normal colors, especially color schemes, is convenient for healthy people and is very inconvenient for color blind people. In recent years, attempts have been made to eliminate such inconvenience, and it is called by the terms barrier-free design or universal design. The content is slightly different between barrier-free and universal. In the case of barrier-free, the emphasis is on those with color blindness, and the primary goal is to make it easy to distinguish between people with color blindness. However, when priority is given to the convenience of a color blind person, the design may be such that a healthy person will feel remarkably uncomfortable. It is desirable to eliminate such a phenomenon as much as possible. The concept of universal design has come to be considered as a flexible and versatile method that makes it easy to distinguish color-blind people and makes healthy people feel uncomfortable.

With the spread of IT and the spread of personal computers, many people have come to face color displays, and various methods (mainly conversion software) for dealing with color vision abnormalities have been developed. However, if the color scheme or the like is changed so that a person with color blindness can easily see, there will be no problem if only the person with color blindness sees it, but in many cases, a healthy person will feel uncomfortable. In addition, human beings usually see object colors, and light source colors such as a color display are rarely seen except in special cases such as watching TV or operating a personal computer. Therefore, it is important to promote barrier-free or universal design of object colors. As for printed matter, it is in a state of being delayed further than the display system. As a method to make a printed matter easily visible to a person with color blindness, (1) A method of notifying that the color has changed by adding a thick outline to the color change or by using a separation color with a different brightness. , (2) A method of notifying the change of color by the difference of the pattern by putting hatching (difference of diagonal lines or lines) in the color part, (3) By putting a character representing the color in the color part There are methods for notifying color changes. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-293926 discloses a printing system that provides a printed material that is easy to see for people with color blindness by such a method. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-257867 discloses a printing apparatus for entering a color name in a color portion. However, all of these methods are uncomfortable for healthy individuals.
JP 2001-293926 A JP 2001-257867 A

Problems to be disclosed by the invention

  Today, everywhere is full of color information. By appealing to color vision, this is due to the intention to increase the degree of recognition of information. Searching for uncolored items such as color television, color printing, fashion, toys, and advertisements is much more difficult. These color information are surely effective for healthy people, and have the effect of enhancing the visual impression. However, it is not always desirable for people with color blindness, but there are quite a few cases where the judgment is frustrated.

  Color vision abnormalities include three-color type first, second, and third color vision abnormalities, and two-color type first, second, and third color vision abnormalities, most of which are men. In the human eye, visual cells (cone cells) that sense the three primary colors of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) are present in the retina. If one type of function of this pyramidal cell is lost, it becomes a two-color type color blindness (color blindness), and if one kind of cone cell is mutated and the spectral sensitivity is shifted, the three-color type color blindness ( Weak color). For two-color type and three-color type color vision abnormalities, the first color vision abnormality with abnormalities in pyramidal cells that sense red, the second color vision abnormality with abnormalities in pyramidal cells that sense green, and abnormalities in pyramidal cells that feel blue There is a third color blindness. More than 99% of color blind people have the first and second color blindness and show almost the same color vision trend, so they are collectively called red-green color blindness. The three-color type 1st and 2nd color vision abnormalities vary greatly in the way they perceive color due to the difference in spectral sensitivity, but there is no problem in the ability to distinguish colors, but the appearance is different from that of healthy individuals. This is the case. With regard to the first and second color vision abnormalities of the three-color type, if it can cope with the two-color type first and second color vision abnormalities with larger abnormalities, it is possible to cope with most color vision abnormal people. Can be There is a significant proportion of people with color blindness, and it is said that about 5% of men and 0.2% of women are Japanese. It is about 2.5% in terms of the total population, and it must be said that there are very many to call it abnormal. Therefore, it is an important issue to create a barrier-free living environment for people with color blindness. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, a color blind person means a two-color type first / second color blind person.

  Conventionally, regarding color schemes such as color prints and various color signs (displays, information boards, etc.), brightness and saturation can be achieved by utilizing the fact that color blind people are very sensitive to changes in brightness and saturation. It was often dealt with in a way that made it easy to distinguish with a difference in degree. For example, in color prints, there are indications by color blind persons that color schemes that appear as differences in black density by copying with monochrome copies or monochrome prints can all be distinguished as color gradation changes. Making it barrier-free by converting has been an important means. A method of making it easy to see by putting a white or black boundary line in a portion where the colors are in contact with each other effectively utilizes the above facts. Furthermore, in order to avoid misidentification, a method of making it easy to identify by adding characters or symbols and avoiding display with only colors is basically adopted. Usually, color-coded display etc. can be discriminated at a glance and is very convenient for a healthy person, but a person with color blindness relies on character information or symbol information and does not place importance on the use of color information. However, in such a method, in the case of a product with a large amount of information such as a map, when trying to convey information using only character and symbol information, the map is filled with characters and symbols with little white space, It will make you feel uncomfortable. Such a map is not easy to see even for people with color blindness.

  When the color scheme is converted centering on lightness and saturation, the change in hue becomes secondary, so there is a risk that the effect of appealing to color vision, which is an important element of color display, will be greatly reduced. In the case of color display, the viewer's impression is very weak if the color is not colorful. Barrier-free is easy to distinguish for people with color blindness, but has the effect of weakening the impression for healthy people. For example, in the case of color printing, if the halftone dots are reduced to increase the lightness, the lightness is increased, but the color is suddenly lost, and the impression is reduced exponentially.

Means for solving the problem

  When creating a barrier-free design in consideration of people with color blindness, the amount of information that can be included will be very poor if the color scheme is performed using only the hue. Therefore, although a method of arranging colors by adding a brightness difference and a saturation difference to the normal hue is adopted, the color blind person does not necessarily lack the sensitivity related to the hue. The blue and yellow colors have the same sensitivity as that of healthy people. However, all colors tend to be confused with blue and yellow colors. More specifically, it is possible to clearly distinguish (1) blue to gray and (2) brown to yellow. Therefore, if this ability of a color blind person is utilized, it is possible to transmit color information using hue, and if such ability is utilized, information based on hue can be incorporated.

色法に限定されるべきではなく、他の表色法（例：マンセル表色法等）を用いる場合も含んでいる。Although there is a possibility that the hue sensitivity of the color blind person can be utilized, there is no precedent when it comes to how to incorporate it into the product, and considerable ingenuity is required. As a result of examination by the present inventors,

The present invention should not be limited to the color method, but includes cases where other color methods (eg, Munsell color method) are used.

色覚異常者の見えとを対比して表示するカラーチャートを工夫した。特開平１１−３４４

対比して、両者の見えの違いを調べることができるようなカラーチャートについては前例

〜１０程度が適当である。前記色コマは各諧調ステップの交点に配置され、各諧調の混色

その色を色覚異常者の見えに変換した色とを表示し対比する。このようにして一枚のチャ

範囲にあり、階調ステップ幅は５〜１０が適当である。光源色の場合には明度は１００以上になり上限を設定することができない。対比の方法は幾つか考えられるが、各色コマを２分して、一つに健常者の見えを、他方に色覚異常者の見えを割り当て並列対比する方法や、１ページの半分を健常者の見えを示すチャートとし、他の半分を色覚異常者の見えを示すチャートで埋める方法もあり、目的に応じて使い易い対比方法にすることができる。該色見本帳をカラー印刷でプロセスカラーインキを用いて作成する場合、ＣＭＹＫインキ

ておく必要がある。In order to utilize the hue sensitivity of color blind people, the difference between the appearance of healthy people and the color blind people

We devised a color chart that displays in contrast with the appearance of people with color blindness. JP-A-11-344

In contrast, a color chart that allows you to examine the difference in the appearance of the two is a precedent.

About 10 to 10 is appropriate. The color frame is arranged at the intersection of each gradation step, and the color mixture of each gradation is

Display and contrast the color converted to the color of the color blind person. In this way, a piece of tea

The gradation step width is suitably 5 to 10. In the case of a light source color, the brightness is 100 or more and the upper limit cannot be set. There are several methods of comparison, but each color frame is divided into two, and the normal person's appearance is assigned to one and the color blind person's appearance is assigned to the other. There is also a method of making a chart showing appearance and filling the other half with a chart showing the appearance of a color blind person, and it is possible to make the contrast method easy to use according to the purpose. When creating the color sample book using process color ink in color printing, CMYK ink

It is necessary to keep.

ら印刷ソフトにより特色インキの指定を行うと、使用頻度がほとんどないインキを表示する場合がある。即ち各ステップ間の色彩については表示しないことになるので、それを補

てカラー分類帳にしておけば、使用頻度の高い特色インキを見つけ出すことが容易になる

If special color ink is specified by printing software, ink that is rarely used may be displayed. In other words, the color between each step is not displayed.

If you use a color classification book, you can easily find spot color inks that are used frequently.

テップ値を、使用する色数に応じて一定の規則のもとに幅を持たせて選択して配色の骨組みを作り上げる。この配色骨組みを前記カラーチャートの色覚異常者の見えに対比した健常者の見えを活用して、健常者にどのように見えるかを検証して違和感を覚えないものに変更すれば完全なデザインとすることができる。There are two ways to implement a color universal design. One is a method in which a design for a healthy person is first executed, and then, how color perceptive persons perceive it is verified, and the color scheme is changed to make it easy to distinguish color blind persons. The second is a method in which the design is executed in consideration of the person with color blindness first, then how the normal person perceives it, and the color scheme is changed so that the normal person does not feel uncomfortable. is there. There is no example disclosed in patents and literatures for the method of designing in a different order than usual, such as the second method. In the second method, when planning a design that is aware of color blind people first,

Select the Tep value according to the number of colors to be used with a certain range of width, and create a color scheme. By using this color scheme to change the color chart so that it does not feel uncomfortable by examining the appearance of the healthy person by comparing the appearance of the color blind person in the color chart with the appearance of the healthy person. can do.

の斜方向に移動させるのと同じ移動である。特に第一第二色覚異常者の場合には、全ての色が黒系、茶色・黄色系と青色・灰色系のどれかに見えてしまうために、同系色に認識されてしまう色（紫と青、緑と茶色、赤と茶色等）の場合には明度差が近いと非常に見分けづらいが、このような色と色とが接する場合には、彩度・明度・色相の全てを調節することにより、色覚異常者に見やすい配色になるようにすることができる。水色とピンクや灰色と藤色が並んだ配色などは色覚異常者には非常に判別の難しい組み合わせであるが、この方法で見やすいものにすることができる。この方法は新しいデザインを企画する場合に、計画段階で配色プランが色覚異常者にどのように知覚されるのかを確認し、配色を変更する場合に非常に有効な手段になると考えられる。この方法をカラー印刷で実行する場合には、ＣＭＹ値を全て変更して色彩を変えることになる。In the first method, when a design is first planned for a healthy person, three techniques are considered for converting the color blind person into an easy-to-identify person. The first technique is the color change method

It is the same movement as moving in the diagonal direction. In particular , in the case of the first and second color blind persons , all colors appear to be black, brown / yellow, and blue / gray. In the case of blue, green and brown, red and brown, etc., it is very difficult to distinguish if the brightness difference is close, but when such colors touch each other, adjust all of the saturation, brightness, and hue. As a result, it is possible to achieve a color scheme that is easy to see for those with color blindness. Color schemes such as light blue and pink or gray and mauve are very difficult to distinguish for people with color blindness, but this method makes it easy to see. This method is considered to be a very effective means for changing the color scheme by checking how the color scheme is perceived by a color blind person at the planning stage when planning a new design. When this method is executed by color printing, the color is changed by changing all the CMY values.

ではないので、健常者に配色の変更を感じさせることなく目的を達成することができるという長所がある。大胆な配色の変換が好ましくなく、配色の全体印象を変えたくない場合に用いるのに好適であるが、色覚異常者には色感分離が十分でない場合が多いので、ハッチングやセパレーションと組み合わせて用いると非常に有効である。この方法をカラー印刷で実行する場合には、網点ドットの大きさまたは密度を変更して色彩を変えることが必要である。The second technique is a shading method. This is a method that utilizes the fact that although the number of colors that can be identified by a color blind person is small, the ability to distinguish color shade is superior to that of a healthy person. Aya

However, there is an advantage that the objective can be achieved without making the healthy person feel the color change. Bold color conversion is not preferable, and it is suitable for use when you do not want to change the overall impression of the color scheme, but it is often insufficient for color blind people, so use it in combination with hatching or separation. And is very effective. When this method is executed by color printing, it is necessary to change the color by changing the size or density of halftone dots.

域では上下の象元で色相の変化が少いので注意する必要がある。例えば第四象元から第一

既存の配色デザイン（例えば駅の案内板）などで色覚異常者にとって判別しにくい配色の組み合わせを含んでいるような場合に、健常者にはあまり変化を感じさせないで色覚異常者にバリアフリーでユニバーサルなデザインに改善する場合などに非常に効果のある技法である。The third technique is a hue change method. This is because when two adjacent colors are difficult to distinguish by a color blind person, the sensitivity to the hue change is different between the color blind person and the healthy person, so that the normal person does not feel a large hue change. However, it is a method of adjusting the hue of the color scheme so that a person with color blindness can easily feel the change. Such a method is a method adopted in the design of the Ishihara style color blindness test table, and it appears to be a different character between healthy and color blind persons.

It should be noted that there is little change in hue between the upper and lower elephants in the area. For example, from the fourth elephant

When existing color scheme designs (for example, information boards at stations) contain color combinations that are difficult for color-blind people to distinguish, it is universal and barrier-free for color-blind people without causing much change for healthy people. This technique is very effective when improving to a new design.

Ｋ色の各色の版が重ね合わされ、各層からの透過光と反射光が加算して知覚される、従って減法混色と加法混色とが同時に行われており、非常に特殊である。When the above technique is executed by color printing, a method of converting the hue mainly by moving the Y value among the CMY values is very effective, and is related to all three techniques. The yellow color (Y) has a higher lightness than other cyan colors (C) and magenta colors (M), and has a feature that the lightness can be increased by mixing yellow colors. The yellow color is a light color for a healthy person, but is easily perceived by a color blind person who is highly sensitive to lightness and saturation. In addition, yellow is a color that can be converted into a large color by mixing inks. For example, when mixed with blue, blue, yellowish green, green, and yellow are displayed. When mixed with red, red, orange, and yellow are displayed. . The color obtained by such color mixture is recognized as blue / gray / brown / yellow when mixed with blue, and brown / brown / yellow when mixed with red. A hue change that is easy to distinguish occurs. This phenomenon means that the hue change method can be performed by putting in and out the yellow color. Further, as already described, since the yellow color has a high lightness, it is possible to adjust the lightness by mixing the yellow color inks, and it is also possible to execute the density method by mixing the yellow color inks. In color printing, brightness and saturation are linked, and it is difficult to change only one of them. Since the saturation changes at the same time as the lightness due to the mixed color of the yellow ink, it is possible to execute the color change method using the yellow color. That is, it is possible to execute all three techniques in the first method by yellow color mixture. In color printing, colors are created by the overlapping and area of halftone dots of CMYK (especially CMY) process colors, and the colors are mixed by mixing inks like special colors.

The plates of each color of K are superimposed, and the transmitted light and reflected light from each layer are added and perceived. Therefore, subtractive color mixing and additive color mixing are performed at the same time, which is very special.

  Design products utilizing the technology of the present invention may be tangible or intangible products that are artificially colored. First, there may be a facility or building provided to transmit some information to the user. Such things include general information boards, fee information boards, time information boards, program information boards, traffic information boards, floor information boards, danger display boards, inside / outside displays and inside / outside operation display boards for vehicles and aircraft, It includes traffic lights, signboards, general bulletin boards, signs, electric bulletin boards, and the like.

  Secondly, various color prints into which guide maps, diagrams, title characters, illustrations, and the like are inserted can be considered. These include catalogs, brochures, leaflets, DM, posters, flyers, cards, postcards, envelopes, wrapping paper, company guides, business guides, textbooks, reference books, dictionaries, magazines, tourist guides, travel Includes guides, maps, road and rail routes or route maps, calendars, instructions for use, usage guides, product tags, tags, etc.

  Thirdly, various industrial products that are colored by mixing pigments or painted by painting are conceivable. Such items include building interiors and exteriors, toys, educational materials, stationery, playground equipment, automobiles, aircraft, rail vehicles, ships, clothing, household appliances, miscellaneous goods, tools, and the like.

  Fourthly, various display screens into which guide maps, diagrams, title characters, illustrations, animations, and the like are inserted can be considered. Such devices include televisions, mobile phone screens, game machine screens, the Internet, homepages, and the like.

  Fifth, various marks and designs that are appropriately adopted in display boards, printed materials, shaped objects, various display screens, and the like are conceivable. For such things, logo mark, color recognition mark, color recognition character, graph, table, flowchart, color-coded display by gender, illustration, display showing important matters / notes, color-coded display of top / bottom / left / right / east / west / south / north , And color-coded display of switches and instruments.

Effect of the invention

色相の少ない無味乾燥なデザインを避けることが可能である。Conventionally, color products are first designed for healthy individuals, and after a design or product for healthy people is completed, it has been a normal order to consider a method that makes it easy to distinguish color blind people. However, by using the method of the present invention, it is possible to design a color scheme that can be easily discriminated by a color-blind person and then examine how it looks to a healthy person and then re-color the technique. If the color universal design is performed in the reverse order, the production time will be greatly reduced. Even in the case of color blind persons, it is clear that it is better to be able to distinguish colors by the difference in hue, but until now, this point has never been considered. If you are a color blind person, you can not feel the hue change

It is possible to avoid tasteless and dry designs with little hue.

  In the case of a color blind person, a part of the visual cell of the eye that is a sensor is missing, or the sensitivity curve is different from that of a healthy person. It is said that a person with abnormal color perception has difficulty in perceiving hue, but is more sensitive to lightness and saturation than a normal person. Therefore, when converting color schemes for persons with color blindness, it tends to rely on adjustment by brightness and saturation. However, in the process of human perception of the color of an object, the visual cell of the eye first detects light reflected or emitted from the object. The visual cell of the eye is a sensor, but it does not distinguish the entire spectrum of visible light, but it is designed to sense each wavelength band. When sunlight is spectrally resolved with a prism, it has long been said that it looks like seven colors. However, these seven colors have large individual differences, and there are people who feel different colors at the boundary between the colors, and such people may be able to identify more than 10 colors. On the other hand, there are some people who have few colors that can be identified and about five colors. It can be said that people with color blindness are examples of people with fewer colors that can be identified. In this way, color differences vary greatly from person to person, so when considering a color universal design, it is necessary to give consideration to healthy people and people with a rich color sensation. Can do.

の色域をもカバーすることができるという大きなメリットがある。色覚異常者の見えをチェックする場合、色盲シミュレーションソフト（例えば「Ｖｉｓｃｈｅｃｋ ＩｍａｇｅＪＰｌｕｇ−Ｉｎ」［略：ビスチェック］のようなフリーウェア）を用いて色覚異常者の見えをＲＧＢ値として確認し、さらにそれを別の色に変換した場合のＲＧＢ値も確認するような作業を必要とする。しかし、本発明のように、カラーチャートを用意しておくと、カラー

ソフトであるフォトショップを用いて、例えば大日本インキ化学工業（株）の特色インキの見本番号であるスポット・カラーガイド中のＤＩＣナンバーを迅速に見つけ出すことができるという大きなメリットがある。In addition, when colors are represented in RGB or CMYK, the color gamut is narrow and expresses the color tone of special color inks.

There is a great merit that the color gamut can be covered. When checking the appearance of a person with color blindness, color blindness simulation software (for example, freeware such as “Vischek ImageJPlug-In” [abbreviation: Bischeck]) is used to confirm the appearance of a person with color blindness as an RGB value. It is necessary to confirm the RGB values when converting the color to another color. However, if a color chart is prepared as in the present invention, the color chart

There is a great merit that the DIC number in the spot color guide, which is a sample number of the special color ink of Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc., can be quickly found by using Photoshop, which is software.

からその色に近いＣＭＹＫ値や特色番号ＲＧＢ値等に変換する。（５）カラー印刷の場合は、得られたＣＭＹＫ値の画像をプリンターで印刷し、目的とする配色になっているかどうかをチェックする、特色番号の場合には、例えば大日本インキ化学工業株式会社のＤＩＣスポットカラーやパントーン社のパントーンＲＧＢを参照して色の確認を行い、多色のときは印刷により確認する。あるいは、別の流れは（１）本発明のカラーチャートを用いれば最初から色覚異常者が判別しやすい配色デザインを企画することが可能であり、まず色覚異常者主体のデザインを企画する。（２）企画したデザインに、健常者が違和感を覚えるような配色があるかどうかを、カラーチャートを用いて検討し、必要な場合には色を変換す

配色の場合はフォトショップを用いて変換したい色のＹ色網点濃度をコンピュータファイル化したカラーチャート上で調節する。後の操作は第一の流れと同じ操作を行う。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The procedure for carrying out the present invention is as follows: (1) It is checked whether or not the target design has a color scheme that is difficult for a color blind person to distinguish. (2) When the color scheme is performed with the special color ink, it is examined what color the color scheme that is difficult for the color blind person to convert is converted with reference to the color chart of the present invention. (3) Alternatively, if the designed product is a color print, the color chart of the present invention is converted into a computer file with the Y dot density of the color to be converted using Photoshop, which is Adobe's printing software. Adjust on chart

Are converted into CMYK values, spot color number RGB values, and the like close to that color. (5) In the case of color printing, the image of the obtained CMYK value is printed by a printer, and it is checked whether or not the target color scheme is obtained. The color is checked with reference to the DIC spot color and Pantone RGB of Pantone, and when there are multiple colors, it is confirmed by printing. Alternatively, (1) If the color chart of the present invention is used, it is possible to plan a color arrangement design that is easy for a person with color blindness to distinguish from the beginning. (2) Use the color chart to examine whether the planned design has a color scheme that would make a healthy person feel uncomfortable, and convert the color if necessary.

In the case of a color scheme, the Y color halftone dot density of the color to be converted is adjusted on a color chart in a computer file using Photoshop. Subsequent operations are the same as in the first flow.

ＭＹＫ値に変換する機能が搭載されているのでフォトショップを用いてカラーチャートのファイルを作成し、作業の多くをコンピュータで行った。In the present invention, it is necessary to check whether the target object or work includes a color scheme that is difficult for a color blind person to distinguish. This check can be performed by converting each color of the color scheme using computer software for examining the color appearance of the color blind person, but in order to perform the check more quickly, It is convenient to create a color chart that displays the color appearance in contrast with the color appearance of the color blind person. In computer software for examining the color appearance of a person with color blindness, it is currently determined that the bischeck is most reliable. Vischeck is plugged into Photoshop and

Since a function for converting to MYK values was installed, a color chart file was created using Photoshop, and much of the work was done on a computer.

ステムであり、わが国の工業規格にも取り入れられている。従って、カラーチャートの表

成する。このようにして形成した各マトリックスのチャートを集積することによって色見本帳（カラーチャート）を製作することができる。本発明のカラーチャートは、最初にコンピュータ上のファイルとして作成されるので、ディスプレイによりＲＧＢ値の画像として閲覧することができる。さらにカラー印刷で制作する場合には、ビスチェックで得られ

いない。

Stem, which is also adopted in Japanese industrial standards. Therefore, the color chart table

To do. A color sample book (color chart) can be manufactured by accumulating the charts of the matrices formed in this way. Since the color chart of the present invention is initially created as a file on a computer, it can be viewed as an RGB value image on a display. Furthermore, when producing with color printing, it is obtained by vischeck.

Not in.

ら印刷ソフトにより特色インキの指定を行うと、使用頻度がほとんどないインキを表示する場合がある。即ち各ステップ間の色彩については表示することができないので、それを

類してカラー分類帳にしておけば、使用頻度の高い特色インキを見つけ出すことが容易に

If special color ink is specified by printing software, ink that is rarely used may be displayed. In other words, the color between each step cannot be displayed.

Similar color classification book makes it easy to find frequently used special color inks

２０〜−１２０までの色を色覚異常者は青色系もしくは灰色系に感じる、どちらに感ずる

る色を色覚異常者は暗い茶色に感じるため黒との判別が難しい。隣接２色がこれにあては

タ色（Ｍ）濃度を下げて明るい色に変換し書体などを変えることで対応することができる。

異常者は茶色系ないし黄色系に感じる。隣接する２色がこれにあてはまる場合（例：黄緑

色覚異常者は、茶色系ないし黄色系に感じる。また原点を通る４５度の直線より下にある

の色は、ほぼ赤系統に見えるはずであるが、色覚異常者には原点を通る４５度の直線を境にして別系統の色に感じられるので、色覚異常者への情報伝達を色相変化で行いたい場合にこの現象を大いに活用することができる。（５）色覚異常者が青色・灰色系に感じる色を、

ラスにする。即ち第２象元に移動するような変換をすればよい。青色系に感じる色と茶色系に感じる色とは、あまり明度差をつけなくても色覚異常者は容易に判別がつくので、健

１象元に属する色で、原点を通る４５度の直線より下にある色は、青色・灰色系に感じら

色し見分けやすくする。（８）カラー印刷の場合、シアン色（Ｃ）とマゼンタ色（Ｍ）は色覚異常者には青色系に見え、イエロー色（Ｙ）と混色すると、ＣとＭの網点％の和がＹの網点％とほぼ同じになったときに茶色系に色感が変化する。このような現象を利用すると、Ｙの割合を調節することにより、色覚異常者が知覚する色調を変えることができ、色による情報伝達の手段として使うことができる。（９）健常者は黄色に対する感度が低く、逆に色覚異常者にとっては判別しやすい色であることを利用して、カラー印刷の場合には、黄色もしくはそれに近い色でセパレーションを入れるなどの工夫をすることにより色覚異常者には判別しやすく、健常者者には変更をあまり感じさせないで変換することができる。Using the technique of the present invention, an existing color scheme is converted into one that can be easily distinguished by a color blind person

Color blind people feel blue to gray or gray from 20 to -120.

It is difficult to distinguish from black because the color-blind person feels dark brown. Adjacent 2 colors apply to this

This can be dealt with by lowering the color (M) density and converting it to a bright color and changing the typeface.

Abnormal people feel brown or yellowish. When two adjacent colors apply to this (ex. Yellow green)

People with color blindness feel brownish or yellowish. Also below the 45 degree line through the origin

The color of the color should look almost red, but the color blind person can feel the color of a different system from the 45-degree straight line that passes through the origin. If you want to do this, you can take advantage of this phenomenon. (5) The color that the color blind person feels blue / gray

Make a lath. In other words, the conversion may be performed so as to move to the second quadrant. Colors that feel blue can be distinguished from those that feel brown, so color blind people can be easily distinguished without making a significant difference in brightness.

The color that belongs to one elephant and is below the 45 degree straight line that passes through the origin is a blue / gray color.

Make it easy to distinguish colors. (8) In the case of color printing, cyan (C) and magenta (M) appear blue to color blind people, and when mixed with yellow (Y), the sum of halftone dots of C and M is Y When it becomes almost the same as the halftone dot percentage, the color changes to brown. By utilizing such a phenomenon, by adjusting the ratio of Y, the color tone perceived by the color blind person can be changed, and can be used as a means for transmitting information by color. (9) Utilizing the fact that healthy people have low sensitivity to yellow, and conversely colors that are easy for color-blind people to distinguish, in the case of color printing, such as adding separation in yellow or a close color By doing this, it is easy for a person with color blindness to discriminate, and conversion can be performed without causing a change to be felt so much by a healthy person.

  Further, by combining such a color scheme with other methods, it is possible to make it easier to see for people with color blindness. For example, color-coded display is often used in travel guide fee tables and the like, which is very convenient for healthy people. However, there are many color schemes that do not consider color blind people, and it is very difficult to identify them. However, if color-coded display that is easy to identify for color-blind persons is performed using the technique of the present invention, color-coded display will be very convenient for color-blind persons, but it may be easier to see by combining with other methods. Can be. In normal color-coded display, there are many examples in which color blocks are connected continuously, and the boundaries between the blocks are displayed with lines. However, if it is devised that the color blocks are separated by separating the color blocks to make the color difference easy to understand, it will be easy to see for both healthy and color blind people. The gap between the color blocks should be white, but other colors may be considered in some cases. Furthermore, if a background pattern (hatching) is provided for each color block, it becomes easier to identify the background pattern. In addition, if the color tone of consecutive color blocks is arranged alternately with hues that are easily understood by color blind people (2 color type 1st and 2nd color vision abnormalities) and lightness difference is added according to the number of color block classifications, color vision abnormalities Can be easily identified. In order to change the hue perceived by a person with color vision deficiency, the hue change method can be used to change the mixing ratio of Y for those reproduced in CMYK, and ink can be used like paint. When the color tone is changed by mixing, the hue perceived by the color blind person can be changed by changing the mixing ratio of the yellow ink. However, as the number of colors increases, it becomes impossible to produce something that can be easily identified only by the hue and brightness difference felt by a color blind person, so when color blocks that are difficult to identify are arranged, the shade method, color change method, hue Place a background pattern using the change method to make it easier to identify. In the background pattern using the shading method and the hue change method, the color blind person is more sensitive to the color change than the healthy person, so that the healthy person is less likely to feel uncomfortable. Furthermore, character information such as A, B, C or 1, 2, 3 is added to each color block, and the character information is also changed in color such as black characters and white characters. By adding ingenuity such as changing the typeface such as Mincho, it is possible to make it easier for color-blind people to identify color-coded displays such as travel guide fee tables. The ease of identification can also be increased by adding underline to the character information or adding ◯, □ etc. as in (1).

相互に関連している面が強く、完全に一つの技法による変換だけでおさまる場合は少ない。例えば、明度を調節した場合には、大抵は彩度にも影響がおよび彩度値が変わる場合が多い。以下、本発明の実施形態の例を図を参照しながら説明する。Table 1 summarizes which elements of the three color elements (hue, lightness, and saturation) are to be converted in the three techniques of the color change method, shading method, and hue change method of the present invention. The three techniques are

The interrelated aspects are strong, and there are few cases that can be completely converted by a single technique. For example, when the brightness is adjusted, the saturation is often affected and the saturation value is often changed. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1, 2, 3 and 4 are illustrations of color arrangement conversion by the hue change method. Examples can be seen on a daily basis, such as on railway signboards. That is, FIG. 1 shows color data (normal color data) perceived by a healthy person. FIG. 2 shows a simulation of how the color scheme can be easily discerned by a healthy person, but how it looks to a color blind person. As the data shows, red appears to be almost black, so it can be seen that it is buried in a black back and is very difficult to distinguish. FIG. 3 shows color data after the color scheme is converted by the hue change method. The letters are converted to yellow, and the background is also changed to indigo. FIG. 4 shows a simulation of how this appears to a color blind person. As shown by the data, it can be seen that yellow can be clearly discriminated because it is a color that is very easily perceived by color blind people.

  5 and 6 are examples of the same symbols as those in FIGS. Figure 1 shows that the color scheme is very difficult for color-blind people to distinguish color-blind people by applying the gradation of the background color (black) around the text using the shading method. This is a simple example. FIG. 5 shows the appearance of a healthy person after gradation, and FIG. 6 shows a simulation of how a person with color blindness perceives it.

7, 8, 9, and 10 are actual examples in which hatching by color is mainly performed by a shading method. Examples are often encountered in graphs, illustrations, maps and route maps using multiple colors. It is effective when it is used when there are a large number of colors and it is not possible to cope with color adjustment alone. That is, FIG. 7 shows color data (normal color data) perceived by a healthy person. The upper bar is colored brown, the middle bar is orange, and the lower bar is colored green. Although it is a color that can be clearly discriminated by a healthy person, FIG. 8 shows a simulation of how this appears to a person with color blindness. As the data shows, all three colors appear ocher and are almost indistinguishable. FIG. 9 shows an example in which the ground color is hatched using the same color with low brightness. FIG. 10 is a simulation of how a hatched design is perceived by a color blind person. It can be seen that it is possible to convey that it is a different color by adding color hatching.

11, 12, 13, and 14 are illustrations of pie charts that are hatched at the same time as the color scheme conversion by the shading method and further inserted with character information to prevent misperception. That is, FIG. 11 shows color data (normal color data) perceived by a healthy person, and two adjacent colors are color-separated by white lines. FIG. 12 shows a simulation of how a healthy person can easily discriminate even without a separation color, but what a color blind person sees. As the data shows, the pink, mauve, and light blue colors all look bluish gray, and it can be seen that no distinction can be made without a separation color. In FIG. 13, lightness is gradually changed for each color by a shading method, hatching is performed, and two colors that are likely to be confused by color-blind persons are not adjacent to each other. Also, the character information is changed so that it is directly written in the graph rather than being displayed for each color outside the graph. FIG. 14 shows a simulation of how this appears to a color blind person, and it can be seen that it is very easy to discriminate as shown by the data. This embodiment is a pie chart, but has a wide range of applications such as bar charts, line charts, tables, geometric patterns, illustrations, maps, and route maps.

FIGS. 15 and 16 are the same pie charts as in FIGS. 13 and 14 and the same color scheme, but the separation color is converted from the white line to the left side of each fan-shaped portion in the same system as the color and with a low lightness. FIG. 15 shows color data perceived by a healthy person. FIG. 16 shows a simulation of how this appears to a color blind person. This may be preferred depending on the type of pie chart.

  17, 18, 19, and 20 are actual examples in which a comprehensive color scheme conversion is performed. Examples are often seen in department stores, hospitals, office building floor guides, etc., but dark colors tend to be preferred because they are too impressed. FIG. 17 shows color data (normal color data) perceived by a healthy person. There are no particular problems for healthy individuals. FIG. 18 shows a simulation of how this appears to a color blind person. In this example, it is well understood that the design was made without considering the appearance of the color blindness person, so that the colors that appear in the same system were adjacent to each other, and that there was almost no difference in brightness and saturation. In Fig. 19, consideration is given so that colors of the same color that are confused by color-blind people are not lined up, and brightness and saturation are adjusted, color schemes are converted, and the display of each floor is clearly separated by CAN separation color using smear rules. It is a thing. FIG. 20 is a simulation of how this is perceived by a color blind person. As you can see, the data is very easy to see.

  21, 22, 23, and 24 are examples in which the color scheme is converted mainly by the hue change method. An example is a set of arithmetic and teaching aids used in elementary schools and kindergartens. In the case of a color blind person, most adults can identify most colors based on past life experiences, but in the case of infants, there are many cases where identification is lost because the life experience is shallow. FIG. 21 shows color data perceived by a healthy person. FIG. 22 shows a simulation of how a color blind person perceives a color that can be easily discerned by a healthy person. As the data shows, both red and green appear to be brownish to color blind people, so it can be seen that they are very difficult to distinguish when there is no difference in brightness. FIG. 23 shows the color converted so that the brightness difference is increased without changing the color tone. Although it is a change that does not make a healthy person feel a change in color tone very much, it can be seen that when this is seen by a color blind person, the difference in brightness is large as shown in FIG.

  25, 26, 27, and 28 are examples in which the color scheme is converted mainly by the hue change method. Examples are often found on display boards at public facilities. FIG. 25 shows color data perceived by a healthy person. The simulation of how a person with color blindness perceives this It is FIG. For color blind people, the pure red color will appear brown or almost black, so if you write it in black on a red background, it will be buried and will not be distinguishable. It is customary to display hazard areas in red and safe areas in green for the purpose of drawing attention in life-related displays such as disaster prevention maps and blame path maps. Because of this, it is difficult to determine what is dangerous and what is safe. FIG. 27 shows an example in which the characters shown in FIG. 25 are given a yellow separation color. This operation is not particularly necessary for a healthy person, but when this is seen by a person with color blindness, yellow is a color that can be easily perceived by the person with color blindness. As a result, the characters appear to float up.

  29, 30, 31, and 32 are examples in which the color scheme is converted by the color conversion method. An example is an electric bulletin board that informs the user of the departure time of a train often seen at a railway station. Although the ground color is black and the column indicating the display contents is white, the departure time of the train is displayed in red. FIG. 29 shows color data perceived by a healthy person. There is no problem that healthy people suffer from discrimination. FIG. 30 shows a simulation of how a color blind person perceives this. As can be seen from the color data, the red color looks brown or almost black, so it is buried in the ground color and is very difficult to distinguish. FIG. 31 shows the colors perceived by a healthy person by changing the display color according to the type of train. Rapid is displayed in yellow green, normal in blue, and limited express in orange. FIG. 32 shows a simulation of how a color blind person perceives FIG. As can be seen from the color data, it can be seen that the characters are very easy to see. As described above, since red appears to be a color close to black to a person with color blindness, a red character on a black background or a black character on a red background must be avoided.

  33, 34, 35, and 36 are examples in which a comprehensive color scheme conversion is performed. Examples are often seen on maps and road maps. FIG. 33 shows color data perceived by a healthy person. In order to enhance the black text information, the map is often colored using pink, pale light blue, and gray. FIG. 34 shows how the color-blind person perceives this. As can be seen from the color data, the color sense of only the cold colors such as black, gray and blue is poor. FIG. 35 shows the color scheme of FIG. 33 converted by the color change method. Considering that the map is created by color printing, the color scheme was changed so that the yellow component increased. In particular, the background color was changed from pink to light brown, light green indicating parks to light yellow green, and red indicating ward offices to orange. In addition, a dark yellow color is used for the border lines of the road. FIG. 36 shows a simulation of how a color blind person perceives FIG. As the color data shows, it is felt that the color has become considerably richer compared to FIG. It is. Furthermore, the section can be clearly determined by the yellow color of the border lines of the road. In this way, pink, pale light blue, gray, and the like appear to be the same color for color-blind people, so it is necessary to add light and dark to distinguish them.

  FIGS. 37 and 38 are examples in which the color of the ruled line in FIG. 35 is converted. FIG. 35 is also colored in a relatively light color so that black character information is not overlooked. Since it is easy to see if a dark separation color is used for the light color, FIG. 37 shows the road border ruled line in FIG. 35 converted from dark yellow to black. FIG. 38 shows a simulation of how a color blind person perceives FIG. FIG. 37 is easier to see for healthy people than FIG. 35, so it has a more universal design.

  39, 40, 41, and 42 are examples in which overall color scheme conversion is performed and hatching is performed to avoid misidentification. Examples are often seen in travel agency brochures. An example that a normal healthy person sees is color data as shown in FIG. FIG. 40 shows a simulation of how a color blind person perceives this. As can be seen from FIG. 40, there is no effect of color coding, and the color blind person has to judge from the character information. Of particular concern is the color coding of departure date information. The color shown in FIG. 39 is converted, and the same color is arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other, and hatching is applied to the same color that is expected to be confused by color blind persons. FIG. 42 shows a simulation of how a color blind person perceives this. As can be seen from the color data, it does not seem to be a big change for healthy people, but it can be seen that it has been changed to something that can be easily distinguished for color blind people.

  The present invention can be applied to tangible and intangible color vision universal design products that are artificially colored in two or more colors. For example, (1) facilities and buildings provided to convey some information to the user, (2) various color printed materials in which guide maps, charts, title characters and illustrations are inserted, (3) dyes Various industrial products colored by painting, various industrial products colored by painting, (4) Various display screens with guide maps, diagrams, title characters, illustrations and animations inserted, (5) Display boards, printed matter The present invention can be applied to various marks and designs that are appropriately employed in a modeled object and various display screens.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the sign board which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the sign board which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the sign board which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color-coding conversion of the sign board which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after giving a gradation around the character of the sign board which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after giving gradation around the character of the sign board which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the color hatching which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of color hatching concerning 3rd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the color hatch which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color scheme conversion of the color hatch which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the pie chart which concerns on 4th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the pie chart concerning 4th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the pie chart which concerns on 4th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color-coding conversion the pie chart which concerns on 4th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the pie chart which concerns on 5th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the pie chart concerning 5th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the department store floor guidance which concerns on 6th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the department store floor guidance which concerns on 6th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the department store floor guide which concerns on 6th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color-coding conversion the department store floor guide which concerns on 6th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy subject of the arithmetic set which concerns on 7th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the arithmetic set which concerns on 7th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the arithmetic set which concerns on 7th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the arithmetic set which concerns on 7th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the display board which concerns on 8th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the display board which concerns on 8th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the display board which concerns on 8th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color-coding conversion the display board which concerns on 8th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the electronic bulletin board which concerns on 9th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the electronic bulletin board which concerns on 9th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the electronic bulletin board which concerns on 9th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color-coding conversion the electronic bulletin board which concerns on 9th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the map which concerns on 10th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the map which concerns on 10th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the map which concerns on 10th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color-coding conversion the map which concerns on 10th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after changing the ruled line color of the map which concerns on 11th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after changing the ruled line color of the map which concerns on 11th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person of the travel brochure which concerns on 12th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person of the travel brochure which concerns on 12th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the healthy person after carrying out color scheme conversion of the travel pamphlet which concerns on 12th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the appearance of the color blind person after color scheme conversion of the travel brochure which concerns on 12th Example of this invention.

Claims (5)

By using the fact that color-blind people are sensitive to lightness differences in color and have better discriminating power than a normal person for a specific range of colors, they do not give a sense of incongruity to normal people and are easy to identify color-blind people Reach the color scheme

The first chart that displays the appearance of a healthy person whose color is displayed is compared with the second chart that is displayed by converting each color frame of the chart to the appearance of a color blind person And

The color chart is used to plan a color scheme that is easy for color-blind people to identify, and by using the color chart to verify how the normal person perceives the color scheme, the healthy person feels uncomfortable. A design method characterized by changing to no color scheme.   In a color scheme design having two or more colors, color schemes that are difficult for color-blind people to discriminate are studied based on the color chart according to claim 1 and converted to color schemes that are easy to discriminate at the planning stage using the color change method. The design method according to claim 1.   In a color scheme design having two or more colors, two adjacent colors that are difficult for color-blind people to discriminate are color-transformed using a shading method based on the color chart according to claim 1, and at the same time, other than color scheme adjustment The design method according to claim 1, wherein hatching or separation is performed.   In a color scheme design having two or more colors, a color scheme that is difficult for a person with color blindness to distinguish is converted into a color scheme that can be easily identified using a hue change method based on the color chart according to claim 1. Item 2. The design method according to Item 1. The color chart color specification according to claim 1, wherein in color printing having two or more colors produced by adjusting the halftone dot%, a color scheme that is difficult for a color blind person to convert to a color that is difficult to discriminate is converted. CMYK color is applied to the portion of the process color that can be represented using the four primary colors cyan (C), yellow (Y), magenta (M), and black (K). By using the fact that the color blind person is superior to the healthy person with respect to the fluctuation of the Y dot density, it is possible to transmit information by changing the hue to the color blind person, and the color scheme that does not give a sense of incongruity to the healthy person 2. The design method according to claim 1 , wherein the hue, brightness, and saturation are changed by adjusting the Y dot density.

Images