JP5180599B2 - Method and system for determining sleep state - Google Patents
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- JP5180599B2 JP5180599B2 JP2008014866A JP2008014866A JP5180599B2 JP 5180599 B2 JP5180599 B2 JP 5180599B2 JP 2008014866 A JP2008014866 A JP 2008014866A JP 2008014866 A JP2008014866 A JP 2008014866A JP 5180599 B2 JP5180599 B2 JP 5180599B2
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- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 title claims description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008452 non REM sleep Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000036385 rapid eye movement (rem) sleep Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008667 sleep stage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/113—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb occurring during breathing
- A61B5/1135—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb occurring during breathing by monitoring thoracic expansion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4809—Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4812—Detecting sleep stages or cycles
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
- B60K28/02—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver
- B60K28/06—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver
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Description
本発明は、呼吸動作による体動信号に基づく睡眠状態の判定方法およびシステムに関し、例えば、体動信号の周波数スペクトルにおける高調波の分布に基づき睡眠状態を判定する睡眠状態の判定方法およびシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a sleep state determination method and system based on a body motion signal generated by breathing motion, and relates to, for example, a sleep state determination method and system for determining a sleep state based on harmonic distribution in the frequency spectrum of the body motion signal.
睡眠状態は、身体は眠っているにも関わらず、脳は覚醒状態にあるレム睡眠期（ＲＥＭ）と、脳も休息している状態にあるノンレム睡眠期（ＮＯＮ−ＲＥＭ）とに分けられる。更に、睡眠状態の深さに応じて生体情報が変化することが知られおり、皮膚温、体動、心拍数などの生体情報を基に睡眠状態の深さを判定する方法が提言されている（例えば、特許文献１）。 The sleep state is divided into a REM sleep period (REM) in which the brain is awake while the body is sleeping, and a non-REM sleep period (NON-REM) in which the brain is also resting. Furthermore, it is known that biological information changes according to the depth of sleep state, and a method for determining the depth of sleep state based on biological information such as skin temperature, body movement, heart rate, etc. is proposed. (For example, patent document 1).
呼吸信号のみを用いて睡眠段階の判定を可能とする装置も提言されており、例えば特許文献２には、人体の呼吸信号の変動を検出する呼吸信号検出手段と、前記呼吸信号の変動のみを用いて睡眠段階を判定する睡眠段階判定手段とを備えること、好ましくは、前記睡眠段階判定手段は、前記呼吸信号の変動を所定の時間毎に区切って設定した各単位区間に対して、睡眠段階を判定することを特徴とする睡眠段階判定装置が開示される。 An apparatus that enables determination of a sleep stage using only a respiratory signal is also proposed. For example, Patent Document 2 discloses a respiratory signal detection unit that detects a variation in a respiratory signal of a human body, and a variation in the respiratory signal. A sleep stage determination means for determining a sleep stage using, preferably, the sleep stage determination means for each unit section set by dividing the fluctuation of the respiratory signal every predetermined time. A sleep stage determination apparatus characterized by determining the above is disclosed.
また、体動を検知するセンサーとしては、本発明者が提言した、ブリッジ状に撓ませた圧電フィルムと、圧電フィルムの両端を結ぶ圧電フィルムより短い伸縮可能な部材とから構成され、被検体に当接する伸縮可能な部材の伸縮動に追従して、圧電フィルムの撓みが変化する体動検知センサーがある（特許文献３）。
特許文献１に開示される装置は、呼吸信号のみを用いて睡眠段階の判定を行うことはできなかった。
また、特許文献２に開示される装置は、仰臥状態での睡眠段階の判定を可能とするものであり、立位状態や座位状態での睡眠状態を判定可能とするものではなかった。
The device disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot determine the sleep stage using only the respiratory signal.
Further, the device disclosed in Patent Document 2 enables determination of the sleep stage in the supine state, and does not enable determination of the sleep state in the standing state or the sitting state.
本発明は、呼吸信号のみを用いて睡眠段階を判定すること、および、非仰臥状態での睡眠段階を判定することを可能とする、体動検知センサーを用いた睡眠状態の判定方法およびシステムを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention relates to a method and system for determining a sleep state using a body motion detection sensor, which makes it possible to determine a sleep step using only a respiratory signal and to determine a sleep step in a non-supposed state. The purpose is to provide.
第１の発明は、体動検知センサーにより単位時間における呼吸動作による体動信号を記憶部に記憶し、演算部が、記憶部に記憶した体動信号の周波数スペクトルを求め、該周波数スペクトルにおける高調波の分布に基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定するコンピュータを用いた睡眠状態の判定方法であって、演算部が、周波数スペクトルにおける第二高調波および第三高調波の分布に基づきレム睡眠とノンレム睡眠を判定することを特徴とする睡眠状態の判定方法である。
第２の発明は、第１の発明において、さらに、演算部が、記憶部に記憶した体動信号の強度に基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定することを特徴とする。
第３の発明は、コンピュータを用いた睡眠状態の判定方法であって、体動検知センサーにより単位時間における呼吸動作による体動信号を記憶部に記憶し、演算部が、記憶した体動信号におけるピークの周期を算出し、その周期が一定の範囲であること、記憶した体動信号における上方ピークと下方ピークの途中の領域の波形に静止領域が存在すること、記憶した体動信号の強度が基準値以上であること、および、記憶した体動信号の周波数スペクトルに第二または第三の高調波が存在すること、の組み合わせに基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定することを特徴とする睡眠状態の判定方法である。
第４の発明は、演算部が、睡眠状態と判定された際には、前記周波数スペクトルにおける第二高調波および第三高調波の分布に基づきレム睡眠とノンレム睡眠を判定することを特徴とする睡眠状態の判定方法である。
第５の発明は、体動検知センサーと、体動検知センサーにより誘起された電荷を電圧信号に変換し、デジタル信号に変換する信号変換手段と、信号変換手段からの信号を表示する表示手段と、信号変換手段からの信号に基づき第１ないし４のいずれかの発明に係る睡眠状態の判定方法を実施する演算部とを備える睡眠状態の判定システムである。
第６の発明は、カバー部材内に撓ませた部分を含んで配置された圧電フィルム、および圧電フィルムに接続されたバンド部材を有し、バンド部材により人の胴体に装着して携帯が可能な体動検知センサーと、体動検知センサーにより誘起された電荷を電圧信号に変換し、デジタル信号に変換する信号変換手段と、信号変換手段からの信号を表示する表示手段と、信号変換手段からの信号に基づき睡眠状態の判定方法を実施する演算部とを備える睡眠状態の判定システムであって、
体動検知センサーにより単位時間における立位または座位の被検者の呼吸動作による体動信号を記憶し、記憶した体動信号におけるピークの周期を算出し、その周期が一定の範囲であること、記憶した体動信号における上方ピークと下方ピークの途中の領域の波形に静止領域が存在すること、記憶した体動信号の強度が基準値以上であること、および、記憶した体動信号の周波数スペクトルに第二または第三の高調波が存在すること、の組み合わせに基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定することを特徴とする睡眠状態の判定システムである。
第７の発明は、第６の発明において、睡眠状態と判定された際には、前記周波数スペクトルにおける第二高調波および第三高調波の分布に基づきレム睡眠とノンレム睡眠を判定することを特徴とする。
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a body motion signal from a breathing motion in a unit time is stored in a storage unit by a body motion detection sensor, and a calculation unit obtains a frequency spectrum of the body motion signal stored in the storage unit, and a harmonic in the frequency spectrum A sleep state determination method using a computer for determining a non-sleep state and a sleep state based on a wave distribution, wherein the calculation unit is configured to perform REM sleep based on a distribution of second and third harmonics in a frequency spectrum. A sleep state determination method characterized by determining non-REM sleep.
According to a second invention, in the first invention, the calculation unit further determines the non-sleep state and the sleep state based on the intensity of the body motion signal stored in the storage unit .
A third invention is a sleep state determination method using a computer, in which a body motion signal from a breathing motion in a unit time is stored in a storage unit by a body motion detection sensor, and a calculation unit The peak period is calculated, the period is within a certain range, the stationary region exists in the waveform in the middle of the upper peak and lower peak in the stored body motion signal, and the intensity of the stored body motion signal is A sleep characterized by determining a non-sleep state and a sleep state based on a combination of being equal to or greater than a reference value and the presence of a second or third harmonic in the frequency spectrum of a stored body motion signal This is a state determination method.
The fourth invention is characterized in that, when the arithmetic unit is determined to be in the sleep state, the REM sleep and the non-REM sleep are determined based on the distribution of the second harmonic and the third harmonic in the frequency spectrum. This is a method for determining a sleep state.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a body motion detection sensor, a signal conversion means for converting a charge induced by the body motion detection sensor into a voltage signal and converting the voltage signal into a digital signal, and a display means for displaying a signal from the signal conversion means. A sleep state determination system comprising: a calculation unit that performs the sleep state determination method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention based on a signal from the signal conversion means.
6th invention has the piezoelectric film arrange | positioned including the part bent in the cover member, and the band member connected to the piezoelectric film, and it can carry it by mounting | wearing a human trunk with a band member. A body motion detection sensor, a signal conversion means for converting a charge induced by the body motion detection sensor into a voltage signal and converting it into a digital signal, a display means for displaying a signal from the signal conversion means, and a signal conversion means A sleep state determination system including a calculation unit that performs a sleep state determination method based on a signal,
The body motion signal is stored by the body motion detection sensor in the unit time standing or sitting subject's breathing motion, the peak period in the stored body motion signal is calculated, and the period is in a certain range, There is a static region in the waveform of the region between the upper peak and the lower peak in the stored body motion signal, the strength of the stored body motion signal is greater than the reference value, and the frequency spectrum of the stored body motion signal The sleep state determination system is characterized in that a non-sleep state and a sleep state are determined based on a combination of the presence or absence of the second or third harmonic.
7th invention WHEREIN: When it determines with a sleep state in 6th invention, REM sleep and non-REM sleep are determined based on the distribution of the 2nd harmonic and the 3rd harmonic in the said frequency spectrum, And
本発明によれば、呼吸の変化により睡眠状態を判定することが可能となる。
また、睡眠時の呼吸信号の波形を解析することにより、睡眠段階を判定することが可能となる。
According to the present invention, it is possible to determine a sleep state based on a change in respiration.
Moreover, it becomes possible to determine a sleep stage by analyzing the waveform of the respiratory signal at the time of sleep.
最良の形態の本発明に係る睡眠状態の判定方法は、曲折された圧電フィルムが被検体の体動に伴い生じる電圧の変化を測定することで呼吸による体動データを収集し、収集した体動データに基づいて非睡眠状態（覚醒状態）と睡眠状態を判定するものである。
非睡眠状態と睡眠状態の判定は、大別すると、（一）呼吸の動作による体動の収集データにより判定する方法と、（二）収集した体動データの周波数スペクトルにより判定する方法の２つがある。
また、本発明は、（三）周波数スペクトルにおける第二高調波および第三高調波の分布に基づきレム睡眠状態とノンレム睡眠状態を判定することをも特徴とする。
In the best form of the sleep state determination method according to the present invention, the bent piezoelectric film collects body motion data due to respiration by measuring a change in voltage caused by the body motion of the subject, and the collected body motion The non-sleep state (wake state) and the sleep state are determined based on the data.
The determination of the non-sleep state and the sleep state can be broadly divided into two methods: (1) a method for determining based on body movement collection data based on breathing motion and (2) a method for determining based on the frequency spectrum of the collected body motion data. is there.
The present invention is also characterized in that (3) the REM sleep state and the non-REM sleep state are determined based on the distribution of the second harmonic and the third harmonic in the frequency spectrum.
外部における立位状態や座位状態での睡眠状態を判定可能とすべく、体動検知センサーは主記憶部および電源が内臓され、身体に装着して携帯できるものを使用する。
好ましい多様の体動検知センサーは、図１に示す如く、ブリッジ状に撓ませた圧電フィルムと、圧電フィルムの両端を結ぶ圧電フィルムより短い伸縮可能な部材とから構成され、被検体に当接する伸縮可能な部材の伸縮動に追従して、圧電フィルムの撓みが変化する体動検知センサーが例示される。
圧電フィルムの一端は、カバー部材内に挿入されたバンド部材と接続され、被検体の体動に伴い伸縮される。例えば胸部または腹部に取り付けた場合、吐息時には肺内の空気が吐き出されることにより胸囲・復囲が小さくなると、バンド部材に引っ張られた圧電フィルムが縮み、逆に、吸息時には肺内に空気が吸い込まれることにより胸囲・復囲が大きくなると、圧電フィルムは引っ張られて伸びることとなる。
In order to be able to determine the sleeping state in the standing or sitting state in the outside, the body motion detection sensor includes a main memory unit and a power source, and can be worn and carried on the body.
As shown in FIG. 1, a variety of preferable body motion detection sensors are composed of a piezoelectric film bent in a bridge shape, and an elastic member that is shorter than the piezoelectric film connecting both ends of the piezoelectric film and is in contact with the subject. A body motion detection sensor in which the flexure of the piezoelectric film changes following the expansion and contraction of the possible member is exemplified.
One end of the piezoelectric film is connected to a band member inserted into the cover member, and is expanded and contracted as the subject moves. For example, when attached to the chest or abdomen, the air in the lungs is exhaled during exhalation, and the chest circumference / reincarnation becomes smaller. When the chest circumference / reincarnation becomes larger by being sucked, the piezoelectric film is pulled and stretched.
圧電フィルムがコンデンサとなっているため、放電がなければ理想的には電圧が出力されたままの状態となる。例えば、ＰＶＤＦを用いた場合はその電圧が大きく数ボルト以上になる。放電の際には、抵抗を経由して放電電流を電圧に変換することで微分特性を取得することができる。ここで、抵抗は、なるべく高い電圧の出力が得ることができ、且つ、必要な周波数の信号を取ることができるように、使用する圧電フィルムの種類や形状（大きさや厚さ）などに応じて最適なものを選択する。 Since the piezoelectric film is a capacitor, ideally, the voltage remains output if there is no discharge. For example, when PVDF is used, the voltage is large and becomes several volts or more. At the time of discharging, the differential characteristics can be obtained by converting the discharge current into a voltage via a resistor. Here, according to the type and shape (size and thickness) of the piezoelectric film to be used, the resistor can output a voltage as high as possible and obtain a signal having a necessary frequency. Choose the best one.
圧電フィルムの材料としては、ピエゾ効果を示すものであればその種別を問わないが、装着感を高めるためには軽量で柔軟性に富むものが好ましい。ピエゾ材料としては、ＰＺＴ等の圧電セラミックが有名であるが、軽量で柔軟性に富み、加工性がよいＰＶＤＦが好ましい材としてあげられる。ＰＶＤＦは応答帯域がきわめて広く、固有の共振周波数を持ちにくいという特徴も有する。なお、ＰＶＤＦは高温度環境下での利用に適していないため、そのような環境下で利用する場合には圧電セラミックを使用した薄膜、厚膜を用いることとなる。 The material of the piezoelectric film is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits a piezo effect, but a material that is light and flexible is preferable in order to enhance the wearing feeling. Piezoelectric ceramics such as PZT are well known as piezo materials, but PVDF, which is lightweight, flexible and has good workability, is a preferred material. PVDF has a feature that it has a very wide response band and is difficult to have a specific resonance frequency. Since PVDF is not suitable for use in a high temperature environment, a thin film or a thick film using a piezoelectric ceramic is used when it is used in such an environment.
圧電フィルムは、導電布テープによりシールドすることでノイズ対策を施すのが好ましい。導電布テープは電子機器の電磁波や静電気のシールド、信号ケーブルやコネクタのシールドに使用される一般的なものでよく、粘着面にも導電性があり、貼り合わせても導通があるため、確実にシールド効果を得ることができる。 The piezoelectric film is preferably protected against noise by shielding with a conductive cloth tape. Conductive cloth tape can be a general one used for shielding electromagnetic waves and static electricity of electronic equipment, shielding of signal cables and connectors, and the adhesive surface is also conductive and conductive even when bonded. A shielding effect can be obtained.
また、圧電フィルムは図２に示す如く、ケース部材内に収納するのが好ましい。圧電フィルムをカバー部材内に収納すると、胸部にセンサー部を取り付けても、フィルムが直接体に密接されないため、心臓の鼓動によるノイズも抑えることができるからである。 The piezoelectric film is preferably housed in a case member as shown in FIG. This is because when the piezoelectric film is housed in the cover member, even if the sensor portion is attached to the chest, the film is not directly in contact with the body, so that noise caused by the heartbeat can also be suppressed.
体動検知センサーは、チャージアンプやＦＥＴ（電界降下トランジスタ）などの測定回路に接続され、そこで圧電フィルムに誘起された電荷量を電圧信号に変換する。測定回路を通すことにより、圧電フィルム電荷が誘起された時だけ出力することができるため、体位の変化により生じるノイズ、心臓の鼓動によるノイズの影響を受けにくくすることができ、体動の有無を瞬時に判断することができる。
測定回路のアナログ電圧信号はデジタル信号に変換され（Ａ／Ｄ変換）、画面上に出力されるとともに、コンピュータの専用プログラムに送信され、そこで体動の有無が判定される。電圧信号が基準値以下の場合には、体動がないものとしてカウントし、体動がない状態が一定時間以上継続した場合には、警報を発して異常を知らせるように構成することができる。携帯型のモニターシステムを実現するためには、上記測定回路として小型のチャージアンプを用いるのが好ましい。
The body motion detection sensor is connected to a measurement circuit such as a charge amplifier or FET (field drop transistor), and converts the amount of charge induced in the piezoelectric film into a voltage signal. By passing through the measurement circuit, it can be output only when the piezoelectric film charge is induced, so it can be made less susceptible to noise caused by changes in body position and noise from the heartbeat. Judgment can be made instantly.
The analog voltage signal of the measurement circuit is converted into a digital signal (A / D conversion), output on the screen, and transmitted to a dedicated program of the computer, where the presence or absence of body movement is determined. When the voltage signal is below the reference value, it is counted that there is no body movement, and when there is no body movement for a certain period of time, an alarm can be issued to notify the abnormality. In order to realize a portable monitor system, it is preferable to use a small charge amplifier as the measurement circuit.
以下では、本発明の詳細を実施例で説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって何ら限定されることはない。 Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
実施例１の体動検知センサーは、図１に示す如く、ブリッジ状に撓ませた厚さ２８μmのＰＶＤＦフィルムからなる圧電フィルム２と、圧電フィルム２の両端を結ぶ圧電フィルム２より短い伸縮可能な弾性部材３とを備え、バンド部材３１および３２で被検者に固定することで、弾性部材３の伸縮動に追従して、圧電フィルム２の撓みが変化するセンサー部１を有する体動検知センサーである。図１では、カバー部材を図示省略しているが、実際には図２に示す如く、センサー部１はカバー部材に収納されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the body motion detection sensor of Example 1 can be expanded and contracted shorter than the piezoelectric film 2 formed of a 28 μm-thick PVDF film bent in a bridge shape and the piezoelectric film 2 connecting both ends of the piezoelectric film 2. A body motion detection sensor having a sensor unit 1 that includes an elastic member 3 and is fixed to a subject by band members 31 and 32 so that the bending of the piezoelectric film 2 changes following the expansion and contraction of the elastic member 3. It is. Although the cover member is not shown in FIG. 1, the sensor unit 1 is actually housed in the cover member as shown in FIG.
また、センサー部１と隣接して設けられた回路部４は主記憶部を有しており、記憶したデータをＵＳＢケーブルにより、パーソナルコンピュータ（ＰＣ）に転送することが可能である。圧電フィルム２で呼吸信号に応じた発生した電荷は、回路部４のチャージアンプで電圧に変換される。その電圧号は、Ａ／Ｄ変換され、１秒間に１５．２６回のデジタル信号がＰＣに出力される。ＰＣに導入された専用ソフト（HULINKS社FlexPro7）にデータを取り込み、出力された波形に基づき被検者の状態と波形信号の相関性を検証した。 The circuit unit 4 provided adjacent to the sensor unit 1 has a main storage unit, and the stored data can be transferred to a personal computer (PC) by a USB cable. The electric charge generated according to the respiratory signal in the piezoelectric film 2 is converted into a voltage by the charge amplifier of the circuit unit 4. The voltage signal is A / D converted, and 15.26 digital signals are output to the PC per second. Data was imported into dedicated software (HULINKS FlexPro7) installed on the PC, and the correlation between the condition of the subject and the waveform signal was verified based on the output waveform.
上記体動検知センサーを胸部に装着した座位の被検者の呼吸動作による体動を測定した。
図３（ａ）は非睡眠時における呼吸による体動の測定グラフであり、図３（ｂ）は図３（ａ）の点線箇所を拡大したものである。
非睡眠状態（活動中）は、振幅が急に増減するのが特徴である。作業中のみならず、会話をしている時にも振幅は不規則となることが確認されている。
The body movement due to the breathing movement of the subject in the sitting position wearing the body movement detection sensor on the chest was measured.
FIG. 3A is a measurement graph of body movement due to respiration during non-sleeping, and FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the dotted line in FIG.
The non-sleep state (during activity) is characterized in that the amplitude suddenly increases or decreases. It has been confirmed that the amplitude becomes irregular not only during work but also during conversation.
図４（ａ）は睡眠時（ノンレム）における呼吸による体動の測定グラフであり、図４（ｂ）は図４（ａ）の点線箇所を拡大したものである。
睡眠中の呼吸は振幅周期が一定であること、図４（ｂ）の点線箇所で示すように静止領域が観察できることが特徴である。
FIG. 4A is a measurement graph of body movement due to breathing during sleep (non-REM), and FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the dotted line portion of FIG.
The feature of breathing during sleep is that the amplitude period is constant, and that a static region can be observed as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
図３および図４から、次の条件を単独でまたは組み合わせることにより、睡眠状態と非睡眠状態を判定できることが確認できた。
（ア）記憶した体動信号におけるピークの周期を算出し、その周期が一定の範囲であるかに基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定できること。図３では、上方ピークも下方ピークも周期が一定ではなく、図４では上方ピークも下方ピークも周期が一定である。
（イ）記憶した体動信号における上方ピークと下方ピークの途中の領域の波形に基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定できること。図４（ｂ）では上方ピークと下方ピークの途中に点線で囲んだ静止領域を観察することができる。
（ウ）睡眠状態の出力信号の方が、非睡眠状態の出力信号と比べ出力信号が大きいこと。
なお、体動の波形に基づく分析はレム睡眠状態（居眠り状態）にも適用可能である。レム睡眠状態とノンレム睡眠状態では、後述のとおり、ＦＥＴ分析した際に違いが認識可能となる。
From FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, it has confirmed that a sleep state and a non-sleep state can be determined by combining the following conditions independently or in combination.
(A) The peak period in the stored body motion signal is calculated, and the non-sleep state and the sleep state can be determined based on whether the period is in a certain range. In FIG. 3, the period of both the upper peak and the lower peak is not constant, and in FIG. 4, the period of both the upper peak and the lower peak is constant.
(A) The non-sleep state and the sleep state can be determined based on the waveform of the region between the upper peak and the lower peak in the stored body motion signal. In FIG. 4B, a stationary region surrounded by a dotted line in the middle of the upper peak and the lower peak can be observed.
(C) The output signal in the sleep state is larger than the output signal in the non-sleep state.
The analysis based on the body movement waveform can be applied to the REM sleep state (sleeping state). In the REM sleep state and the non-REM sleep state, as will be described later, a difference can be recognized when the FET analysis is performed.
以上の検証は、被検者からの申告と出力された波形の測定者による分析に基づき行ったが、専用のソフトウェアを開発することでコンピュータにより自動判定を行うことができることは言うまでもない。ここで、コンピュータは、ＣＰＵ（中央処理装置）、主記憶装置（ＲＡＭ、ＲＯＭ等）、補助記憶装置（ＨＤＤ等）などからなる処理装置と、各種データや動作命令等の入力を行なうためのポインティングデバイス（マウス等）と、各種データや動作命令等の入力のための文字情報入力デバイス（キーボード等）と、ディスプレイと、を備えたものであり、いわゆるパーソナルコンピュータ（ＰＣ）を用いることができる。
なお、ソフトウェア開発の際は、睡眠状態と非睡眠状態とを区別する任意の基準値を設定可能とすることが好ましく、ノイズ等による誤判定を防ぐために閾値を設けてもよい。
The above verification was performed based on the report from the subject and analysis by the measurer of the output waveform, but it goes without saying that automatic determination can be performed by a computer by developing dedicated software. Here, the computer is a processing device including a CPU (central processing unit), a main storage device (RAM, ROM, etc.), an auxiliary storage device (HDD, etc.), and a pointing device for inputting various data and operation commands. A device includes a device (such as a mouse), a character information input device (such as a keyboard) for inputting various data and operation commands, and a display, and a so-called personal computer (PC) can be used.
In software development, it is preferable that an arbitrary reference value for distinguishing between a sleeping state and a non-sleeping state can be set, and a threshold value may be provided to prevent erroneous determination due to noise or the like.
実施例２では、（ａ）非睡眠状態、（ｂ）レム睡眠状態（居眠り時）、（ｃ）ノンレム睡眠時における呼吸による体動を測定し、いずれの状態にあるかを判定することを試みた。
図５の左のグラフは、理想的なノンレム睡眠時の呼吸波形のシミュレーションである。これをＦＥＴ解析すると図５の右のグラフのように基本波、第二高調波、第三高調波の周波数成分を得られることが分かった。そこで、実際に同一被検者の（ａ）非睡眠状態、（ｂ）レム睡眠状態、（ｃ）ノンレム睡眠状態の呼吸による体動の測定し、ＦＥＴ解析を行ったところ、図６（ａ）〜（ｃ）の結果が得られた。なお、他の測定条件は、実施例１と同じである。
In Example 2, (a) a non-sleep state, (b) a REM sleep state (when asleep), (c) a body movement due to breathing during a non-REM sleep is measured, and an attempt is made to determine which state it is in It was.
The graph on the left in FIG. 5 is a simulation of an ideal respiratory waveform during non-REM sleep. When this was analyzed by FET, it was found that frequency components of the fundamental wave, the second harmonic, and the third harmonic could be obtained as shown in the graph on the right side of FIG. Therefore, when the body motion due to respiration in the same subject (a) non-sleep state, (b) REM sleep state, (c) non-REM sleep state was actually measured and FET analysis was performed, FIG. The results of (c) were obtained. The other measurement conditions are the same as in Example 1.
図６（ａ）は、非睡眠状態の呼吸測定値の周波数スペクトルである。０．３Ｈｚの帯域付近に強い信号が確認できることから、呼吸周期は３．３秒であることが分かる。図６（ａ）では、第二高調波および第三高調波を検出することができない。
図６（ｂ）は、レム睡眠状態の呼吸測定値の周波数スペクトルである。図６（ｂ）では、第二高調波を基本波の約８０％の信号強度で検出することができ、第三高調波を基本波の約５０％の信号強度で検出することができる。
図６（ｃ）は、ノンレム睡眠状態の呼吸測定値の周波数スペクトルである。図６（ｃ）では、第二高調波および第三高調波を強い信号で検出することができる。
FIG. 6A is a frequency spectrum of a respiration measurement value in a non-sleep state. Since a strong signal can be confirmed in the vicinity of the 0.3 Hz band, it can be seen that the respiratory cycle is 3.3 seconds. In FIG. 6A, the second harmonic and the third harmonic cannot be detected.
FIG. 6B is a frequency spectrum of the respiration measurement value in the REM sleep state. In FIG. 6B, the second harmonic can be detected with a signal intensity of about 80% of the fundamental wave, and the third harmonic can be detected with a signal intensity of about 50% of the fundamental wave.
FIG.6 (c) is a frequency spectrum of the respiration measurement value of a non-REM sleep state. In FIG. 6C, the second harmonic and the third harmonic can be detected with a strong signal.
以上より、例えば、基本波の信号強度の６０〜７０％に基準値を設定することで、第二高調波と第三高調波のいずれもが検出できない場合には非睡眠状態と判定し、第二高調波のみが検出できればレム睡眠状態と判定し、第二高調波および第三高調波が検出できればノンレム睡眠状態と判定することが開示される。
なお、本実施例の判定手法と実施例１の判定手法を組み合わせることにより、判定精度を高めてもよい。
From the above, for example, by setting the reference value to 60 to 70% of the signal intensity of the fundamental wave, when neither the second harmonic nor the third harmonic can be detected, it is determined as a non-sleep state, It is disclosed that when only the second harmonic can be detected, it is determined as a REM sleep state, and when the second harmonic and the third harmonic can be detected, it is determined as a non-REM sleep state.
Note that the determination accuracy may be increased by combining the determination method of the present embodiment and the determination method of the first embodiment.
実施例３では、自動車の助手席に搭乗中の被検者の呼吸による体動を測定し、睡眠状態を判定することを試みた。測定に用いた機器は、実施例１および２と同じである。
図７（ａ）は、非睡眠時における呼吸による体動の測定グラフである。図７（ａ）では、体動が不規則であること、後述の図８（ｂ）と比べ出力が大きいことが確認できる。
図７（ｂ）は、図７（ａ）のＦＥＴ解析結果（周派数スペクトル）である。図７（ｂ）では、第二高調波および第三高調波を検出することができない。
図８（ａ）は、睡眠時（ノンレム）における呼吸による体動の測定グラフである。図８（ａ）では、体動が規則的であること、前述の図７（ｂ）と比べ出力が小さいことが確認できる。
図８（ｂ）は、図８（ａ）のＦＥＴ解析結果（周派数スペクトル）である。図８（ｂ）では、第二高調波を検出することができないが、第三高調波を検出することができる。
In Example 3, an attempt was made to determine the sleep state by measuring the body movement due to breathing of the subject who is in the passenger seat of the automobile. The instrument used for the measurement is the same as in Examples 1 and 2.
FIG. 7A is a measurement graph of body movement due to respiration during non-sleeping. In FIG. 7A, it can be confirmed that the body movement is irregular and the output is larger than that in FIG.
FIG. 7B shows the FET analysis result (frequency spectrum) of FIG. In FIG. 7B, the second harmonic and the third harmonic cannot be detected.
FIG. 8A is a measurement graph of body movement due to respiration during sleep (non-REM). In FIG. 8A, it can be confirmed that the body movement is regular and the output is smaller than that in FIG.
FIG. 8B shows the FET analysis result (frequency spectrum) of FIG. In FIG. 8B, the second harmonic cannot be detected, but the third harmonic can be detected.
図８のグラフは、被検者の自己申告によればノンレム睡眠時のものであるとのことであるが、第二高調波を検出することができないことから、レム睡眠状態とノンレム睡眠状態を判定することは難しい。しかし、少なくとも非睡眠状態か睡眠状態であるかの判定は可能であることが確認できた。
自動車などの運転者を対象とする場合を想定すると、レム睡眠状態とノンレム睡眠状態の判定に実益は無く、睡眠状態と非睡眠状態の判別ができれば十分である。そのため、第二高調波と第三高調波のいずれかが検出できる場合には、広義の睡眠状態であると判定すること、好ましくは、体動測定データの信号強度との組み合わせにより、非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定することが開示される。
The graph of FIG. 8 indicates that the subject is in non-REM sleep according to the self-report of the subject, but since the second harmonic cannot be detected, the REM sleep state and the non-REM sleep state are shown. It is difficult to judge. However, it was confirmed that it was possible to determine at least whether it was a non-sleep state or a sleep state.
Assuming the case of a driver such as a car, there is no real advantage in determining the REM sleep state and the non-REM sleep state, and it is sufficient if the sleep state and the non-sleep state can be determined. Therefore, when either the second harmonic or the third harmonic can be detected, it is determined that the sleep state is in a broad sense, and preferably, in combination with the signal intensity of the body movement measurement data, the non-sleep state And determining a sleep state.
本発明は、病院等での利用の他、自動車や電車等の運転者の居眠り検知に利用することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used not only for use in hospitals and the like, but also for detecting the falling asleep of drivers such as cars and trains.
１ センサー部（カバー部材）
２ 圧電フィルム
３ 弾性部材
４ 回路部
３１、３２ バンド部材
1 Sensor part (cover member)
2 Piezoelectric film 3 Elastic member 4 Circuit part 31, 32 Band member
Claims (7)
演算部が、周波数スペクトルにおける第二高調波および第三高調波の分布に基づきレム睡眠とノンレム睡眠を判定することを特徴とする睡眠状態の判定方法。 The body motion signal from the breathing motion in the unit time is stored in the storage unit by the body motion detection sensor, and the calculation unit obtains the frequency spectrum of the body motion signal stored in the storage unit , and non-based on the harmonic distribution in the frequency spectrum. A sleep state determination method using a computer for determining a sleep state and a sleep state,
A sleep state determination method, wherein the calculation unit determines REM sleep and non-REM sleep based on a distribution of second harmonics and third harmonics in a frequency spectrum.
体動検知センサーにより単位時間における呼吸動作による体動信号を記憶部に記憶し、演算部が、記憶した体動信号におけるピークの周期を算出し、その周期が一定の範囲であること、記憶した体動信号における上方ピークと下方ピークの途中の領域の波形に静止領域が存在すること、記憶した体動信号の強度が基準値以上であること、および、記憶した体動信号の周波数スペクトルに第二または第三の高調波が存在すること、の組み合わせに基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定することを特徴とする睡眠状態の判定方法。 A method for determining a sleep state using a computer,
The body motion signal from the breathing motion in the unit time is stored in the storage unit by the body motion detection sensor, and the calculation unit calculates the peak period in the stored body motion signal and stores that the period is in a certain range. There is a stationary region in the waveform in the middle of the upper and lower peaks in the body motion signal, the strength of the stored body motion signal is greater than the reference value, and the frequency spectrum of the stored body motion signal is A method for determining a sleep state, wherein a non-sleep state and a sleep state are determined based on a combination of the presence of second or third harmonics.
体動検知センサーにより単位時間における立位または座位の被検者の呼吸動作による体動信号を記憶し、記憶した体動信号におけるピークの周期を算出し、その周期が一定の範囲であること、記憶した体動信号における上方ピークと下方ピークの途中の領域の波形に静止領域が存在すること、記憶した体動信号の強度が基準値以上であること、および、記憶した体動信号の周波数スペクトルに第二または第三の高調波が存在すること、の組み合わせに基づき非睡眠状態と睡眠状態を判定することを特徴とする睡眠状態の判定システム。 A body motion detection sensor having a piezoelectric film disposed including a bent portion in the cover member, and a band member connected to the piezoelectric film, and can be carried by being worn on a human torso by the band member; The signal induced by the body motion detection sensor is converted into a voltage signal and converted into a digital signal, a display means for displaying the signal from the signal converting means, and a sleep state based on the signal from the signal converting means. A sleep state determination system including a calculation unit that performs a determination method,
The body motion signal is stored by the body motion detection sensor in the unit time standing or sitting subject's breathing motion, the peak period in the stored body motion signal is calculated, and the period is in a certain range, There is a static region in the waveform of the region between the upper peak and the lower peak in the stored body motion signal, the strength of the stored body motion signal is greater than the reference value, and the frequency spectrum of the stored body motion signal A sleep state determination system, wherein a non-sleep state and a sleep state are determined based on a combination of the presence of a second or third harmonic.
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| JP5533726B2 (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2014-06-25 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | Sleep apnea determination device |
| JP5751162B2 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2015-07-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Respiration detection device |
| JP6060240B1 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2017-01-11 | 京セラ株式会社 | Electronic device, authentication method and authentication program for electronic device |
| JP6439729B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2018-12-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Sleep state estimation device |
| JP6798684B2 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2020-12-09 | 合同会社アーク | Body motion detection sensor |
| CN109350075B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2022-02-01 | 深圳和而泰数据资源与云技术有限公司 | Snore detection method and device and readable storage medium |
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| JP3733133B2 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2006-01-11 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Sleep state estimation device |
| JP4551148B2 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2010-09-22 | 株式会社ジェピコ | Sleep analyzer |
| JP4390718B2 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2009-12-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Sleep environment control device and sleep environment control program |
| JP4045344B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2008-02-13 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Body motion detection sensor and body motion monitoring system using the same |
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| WO2009093477A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
| JP2009172197A (en) | 2009-08-06 |
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