JP5131373B2 - Storage system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a storage system including a large number of large-capacity storage devices.

  With the spread of IT in recent years, various information has been digitized. The computer systems that process and store these digital information are steadily expanding, IDC (Internet Data Center) that collects and operates user computer systems, and business processes entrusted by users. Business types such as ASPs (Application Service Providers) that have computer systems and provide applications required by users have also emerged.

  A relatively large-scale computer system used by users, and a storage system including a large amount of hard disks are used in IDC and ASP, and the power consumption is said to occupy 2/3 of the entire computer system. It is desired to reduce electric power.

  Where data processing and data storage are entrusted, such as recent IDC (Internet Data Center) and ASP (Application Service Provider), processing devices ( CPU and memory) and a storage system provided with a large number of large-capacity storage devices for storing the data of users who use the processing device and the input or processing results copied for backup It has been. A hard disk is used as a storage device that has a large capacity and can be accessed at a relatively high speed. Currently, a device having a capacity of about 100 G (gigabytes) has been used.

  In the above IDC and ASP having a storage system composed of a large number of such hard disks (several tens or hundreds), the power consumed by the hard disk increases. For example, if the power consumption of one hard disk is 20 watts and 100 hard disks are provided, the power consumption is 2000 watts, which consumes more than 50% of the power consumption of the entire data processing apparatus including a large number of CPUs. There were many problems in terms of cost and facility maintenance.

  Therefore, it is desired to reduce the power consumption of the storage system, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the conventional example. Indicates the configuration. Indicates the relationship between the hard disk and the file. A. of FIG. , 80 is a CPU, 81 is an IO bus, 82 is a hard disk (HDD) number converting means, 83 is an input / output monitoring means for detecting the number of accesses (file access frequency) for each file of the hard disk (87), and 84 is A file moving means 85 for moving a file stored in one hard disk to another hard disk, an idle time detecting means 86 for detecting an idle time (access interval time) for each hard disk and detecting an access frequency for each hard disk, 86 The motor starting / stopping means 87 is a hard disk device comprising a plurality of hard disks 87-0 to 87-2.

  When the hard disk is accessed from the CPU via the IO bus 81, the hard disk (HDD) number conversion means 82 converts the logical address into a hard disk number, accesses the hard disk with the corresponding number in the hard disk device 87, reads, or Performs the light operation. When accessing the hard disk, the input / output monitoring means 83 monitors which file of the hard disk device 87 is accessed, and counts the number of accesses (frequency) corresponding to the file. The idle time detection means 85 measures the idle time (free time) for each of the hard disks 87-0 to 87-2, and detects the access frequency for each hard disk. As a result of the detection by the idle time detection means 85, the hard disk 87-0 to 87-2 having a long idle time to some extent stops the power supply of the motor to reduce the power consumption.

  Further, B. of FIG. , When each of the hard disks 87-0 to 87-2 is represented as disk 0 to disk 2, files a to c, files d and e, and files f to h are stored therein. By the monitoring operation of the input / output monitoring means 83, the number of times of input / output to the file f is relatively large among these files f, g, and h in the disk 2, and input / output to the file h. When the number of times is extremely small, the file moving means 84 is driven to move the file f to another disk with high free access frequency (for example, the hard disk 87-1). As a result, when the idle time of the hard disk 87-2 becomes longer, the motor start / stop means 86 is controlled to stop the motor. As a result, the power consumption of the hard disk 87-2 can be reduced, and the file f whose usage frequency is higher than a certain standard is moved to the hard disk 87-1, so that the possibility of affecting the data processing is low.

  In the conventional method described above, since the access frequency is monitored in units of files and the infrequent file is moved, if the access frequency varies for some data in the file, the entire file is moved. Therefore, there is a possibility that a file that does not need to be moved may be moved or a necessary movement may not be performed. In addition, since data movement occurs in units of files, there is a problem that it takes time to move, including the procedure for that and the time for transfer. In addition, when access to a disk that has been stopped because it is determined that the access frequency is low by detecting the access frequency in units of hard disks, the motor is rotated to restart the disk, and warming up until the rotation speed reaches a certain number is performed. It takes a long time to access and the access operation becomes slow.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a storage system that realizes power saving without degrading system performance.

  FIG. 1 shows the principle configuration of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a data access frequency detection means, 2 is a data movement means, 3 is a temporary storage device, 4 is a performance detection means, 5 is a device access frequency determination means, 6 is a device operation control means, 7 is a plurality of hard disks and the like. This is a storage device including the individual storage devices 7-1 to 7-n.

  In the present invention, data is monitored in units of blocks to detect the access frequency, and the data transfer time of each storage device (hard disk) is detected to perform grouping corresponding to the performance. Is moved to a different group, and data is arranged in an optimum storage device corresponding to the access frequency in units of data blocks, thereby saving power.

  In FIG. 1, when an access to the storage device 7 occurs, the data access frequency detection means 1 detects which data block (which has a certain amount smaller than the file) in any individual storage device 7-1 to 7-n in the storage device 7. A table (not shown) is updated by detecting whether it is an access to (area), and the access frequency of the data block is determined. On the other hand, the performance detection means 4 accesses the individual storage devices 7-1 to 7-n in the storage device 7 in accordance with a test command, thereby reducing the data transfer time of each storage device 7-1 to 7-n. The storage devices are classified into a plurality of groups from a high performance storage device group to a low performance storage device group according to the length of the data transfer time. In this case, a storage device with a short data transfer time has good performance but high power consumption, and a storage device with a long transfer time has low performance but low power consumption. The data access frequency detection means 1 determines whether the access frequency for each data block falls below a preset lower limit value or exceeds a preset upper limit value, and drives the data moving means 2 to fall below the lower limit value. The data block determined to be moved to the storage device group having a longer data transfer time, and the data block determined to exceed the upper limit value is moved to the storage device group having a shorter data transfer time. As a result, data is allocated to the optimal storage device group according to the access frequency in units of data blocks, and a storage system can be configured by combining devices with low performance but low power consumption and devices with high performance but high power consumption. , Power saving can be realized. In addition, even data with low access frequency is only moved to a device with low performance, and performance degradation due to device shutdown can be avoided.

  Further, the device access frequency determining means 5 for measuring and determining the device access frequency for each storage device operates in the power saving mode (the rotation of the motor) for devices whose device operating state is lower than a predetermined value. If the system is operated again in the normal operation mode when it is accessed again, it is possible to achieve greater power savings. At this time, the moved data block is stored in the temporary storage device 3, and the temporary storage device 3 processes the access to the data block of the storage device operating in the power saving mode at a high speed to prevent the performance deterioration. can do.

  According to the present invention, since data is arranged in an optimal storage device according to access frequency in units of data blocks, a storage system combining a device with low performance but low power consumption and a device with high performance but high power consumption The power saving can be realized. In addition, even if the access frequency is low, the data is only moved to a low-performance device, and the performance degradation due to the stoppage of the device can be avoided.

  Furthermore, greater power saving is possible by operating the device in the power saving mode when the device operating status is lower than a predetermined value, and operating in the normal operation mode when there is an access again. It becomes.

  In addition, by providing a temporary storage device that temporarily stores data blocks moved according to the access frequency, it is possible to avoid access to devices operating in the power saving mode and to avoid deterioration of inefficiency.

  Furthermore, by combining low-performance and low-cost storage devices with high-performance and high-price storage devices, it is possible to configure a high-performance storage system in terms of performance while reducing cost and power consumption on average. .

It is a figure which shows the principle structure of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of an Example. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the table of an Example. It is explanatory drawing of a prior art example.

  FIG. 2 shows a configuration of the embodiment, and FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of the table of the embodiment.

  In FIG. 2, 10 is an address conversion unit, 11 is a data address conversion table, 12 is a data access frequency measurement unit, 13 is a data access frequency determination unit, 14 is a data access frequency table, 20 is a data block moving unit, and 30 is temporary. Storage device, 40 is a performance detection unit, 41 is a classification unit, 50 is a device access frequency measurement unit, 51 is a device access frequency determination unit, 52 is a device access frequency table, 60 is a device operation control unit, and 7 is a plurality of hard disks. 7a is a high performance (high speed) hard disk group, 7b is a medium performance (medium speed) hard disk group, and 7c is a low performance (low speed) hard disk group. 2 correspond to the data access frequency detecting means 1 in FIG. 1, the reference numeral 20 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the data moving means 2 in FIG. 1, and the reference numeral 30 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the performance detection means 4 in FIG. 1, and each part 50 to 52 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the apparatus access frequency determination means 5 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the apparatus operation control means 6 of FIG.

  When data access from the upper level (CPU) to the hard disk occurs, the address conversion unit 10 refers to the data address conversion table 11 and assigns a logical address to which address of which hard disk in the storage device 7 (physical address). Address). The data address conversion table 11 stores the correspondence between the conversion source address converted by the address conversion unit 10 and the converted address. When the converted address is supplied to the designated hard disk in the storage device 7, the designated address is accessed when the power of the corresponding hard disk is turned on. The data access frequency measuring unit 12 identifies which data block is accessed each time the storage device 7 is accessed, and updates the access count of the corresponding data block in the data access frequency table 14. A. of FIG. Shows a configuration example of the data access frequency table, and the number of accesses in a certain period is written corresponding to each data block 1, 2, 3,. Note that the length of one data block can be set to, for example, one sector (about 512 bytes) or 4 KB (kilobytes) of the hard disk.

  The data access frequency determination unit 13 checks the number of accesses (frequency) for each data block set in the data access frequency table 14 at a fixed period or a predetermined time, or an arbitrary time, and sets a lower limit value specified in advance. A data block that is lower or higher than a predetermined upper limit value is determined. If the data access frequency determining unit 13 determines that the data block is below the lower limit, the data block moving unit 20 moves the data block to a hard disk of a hard disk group with lower performance, and the data address The contents of the conversion table 11 are updated. Specifically, when the data block stored in the high performance hard disk group 7a falls below the lower limit, the data block is moved to one of the medium performance hard disk groups 7b. However, when the data block stored in the hard disk of the low-performance hard disk group 7c falls below the lower limit value, the data block is not moved.

  Further, the performance detection unit 40 detects the performance value of each hard disk by measuring the time required to read a certain amount of data for each individual device in the storage device 7, and the classifying unit according to the performance value. 41 to group. As a classification method, for example, the performance values of the hard disks detected by the performance detection unit 40 are all compared, and the process of integrating the closest ones as one group is repeated until the number of specified groups is reached. In this embodiment, each hard disk is classified into one of high performance, medium performance, and low performance to form three hard disk groups 7a to 7c.

  When the data access frequency determination unit 13 detects a data block exceeding the above upper limit, the data block moving unit 20 moves the data block to a hard disk of a hard disk group having higher performance than the current hard disk group, The contents of the address conversion table 11 are updated. Specifically, when the data block stored in the medium performance hard disk group 7b exceeds the upper limit, the data block is moved to the high performance hard disk group 7a. However, when the data block stored in the hard disk of the high-performance hard disk group 7a exceeds the upper limit, it is not moved.

  The data block moved from the high performance hard disk group 7a to the hard disk of the medium performance hard disk group 7b by the data block moving unit 20 or the data block moved from the medium performance hard disk group 7b to the low performance hard disk group 7c is moved. The data block is stored in the temporary storage device 30 when. The temporary storage device 30 can perform high-speed processing by accessing the temporary storage device 30 without accessing the low-performance hard disk when an access to the data block moved to the low-performance hard disk group occurs. it can. However, since the storage capacity of the temporary storage device 30 is limited to a certain amount, the content is retained for a certain period and is updated sequentially. The data block moved from the low performance hard disk group to the high performance hard disk group may also be stored in the temporary storage device 30.

  On the other hand, the device access frequency measurement unit 50 measures the access frequency for each hard disk included in the storage device 7, identifies the hard disk to be accessed by the address conversion unit 10, and accesses the device according to which hard disk is accessed. The access count corresponding to each hard disk in the frequency table 52 is updated.

  A configuration example of the device access frequency table is shown in FIG. The number of accesses to the hard disk is stored for each hard disk (indicated by HD) number, and this access number is updated each time an access operation is performed. From this device access frequency table 52, the device access frequency determination unit 51 detects a hard disk having an access frequency equal to or lower than a predetermined lower limit value, or accesses a device already in a power saving state (a state where the motor is stopped). Detect whether it was done. When the device access frequency determination unit 51 detects a hard disk whose access frequency is equal to or lower than the lower limit value, the device operation control unit 60 shifts the hard disk to a power saving state, and accesses a hard disk already in a power saving state. If it occurs (when access from the address translation unit 10 is detected), the hard disk is set in a normal state (operating state).

  In this way, the power consumption can be reduced by setting each hard disk of the storage device 7 to the power saving state or the normal state according to the frequency.

  In this embodiment, the hard disks of the storage device 7 are classified into three groups of high performance, medium performance, and low performance, but can be classified into other numbers.

  (Supplementary note 1) In a storage system having a plurality of large-capacity storage devices, performance detection means for detecting data transfer times of the plurality of storage devices and classifying them into a plurality of groups according to performance corresponding to the transfer times, and storage A data access frequency detecting means for examining the access frequency for each data block accessed to the device, and a data block whose data access frequency exceeds a predetermined upper limit by the data access frequency detecting means is stored in a high-performance group storage device. A storage system comprising: a moving unit that moves and moves a data block that falls below a predetermined lower limit to a low-performance group storage device.

  (Supplementary note 2) The storage system according to supplementary note 1, wherein the data access frequency detection means includes a data access frequency table that holds a frequency updated every time each data block is accessed.

  (Supplementary note 3) In Supplementary note 1, a temporary storage device that performs high-speed operation for storing data blocks moved between storage devices of different performance groups by the moving unit is provided, and the data block to be accessed is A storage system that accesses a temporary storage device when stored in the temporary storage device.

  (Supplementary note 4) The storage system according to supplementary note 3, wherein an update of an address conversion table for converting the data block moved by the moving unit into an address after movement is performed.

  (Supplementary note 5) In Supplementary note 1, there is provided a device access frequency determining means for detecting and determining an access frequency for each storage device, and when the access frequency for each device falls below a predetermined lower limit, the storage device is put into a power saving state. A storage system comprising device operation control means for setting a storage device to a normal state when an access to the storage device set to the power saving state occurs.

  (Supplementary note 6) The storage system according to supplementary note 5, wherein the device access frequency determination means includes a device access frequency table that holds a frequency updated every time each storage device is accessed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Data access frequency detection means 2 Data movement means 3 Temporary storage device 4 Performance detection means 5 Device access frequency determination means 6 Device operation control means 7 Storage devices 7-1 to 7-n Individual storage devices

Claims (1)

A first storage device;
A second storage device having a data transfer time longer than that of the first storage device;
A third storage device having a data transfer time longer than that of the second storage device;
A temporary storage device having a data transfer time shorter than that of the first storage device;
Among the data stored in the first storage device to the third storage device, for data whose access frequency is greater than a predetermined value, the first storage device to the storage device storing the data is stored. In the third storage device, the data is moved to a storage device having a data transfer rate shorter than that of the storage device, and for data whose access frequency is less than a predetermined value, from the storage device storing the data, Control means for moving the data to a data storage device having a data transfer rate longer than that of the storage device and the temporary storage device;
An access control means for accessing the temporary storage device when data corresponding to the access request is stored in the temporary storage device when an access request to the data is received;
A storage system characterized by comprising:

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