JP5084275B2 - Method and apparatus for producing solid carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel, in which solid fuel is produced using, as main raw materials, carbide and plastic generated by thermal decomposition treatment of waste such as municipal waste.

  In recent years, among the methods for treating combustible waste, as an alternative to the combustion method in which waste is burned in an incinerator, it has been proposed to recycle and use it as a resource by processing the waste As one of the resource recycling of such waste, there is a so-called thermal recycling in which the combustible component in the waste is reused as fuel (heat source).

One of the methods proposed to reuse the combustible components in this kind of waste as fuel is to crush, sort, compress, etc., using municipal waste and other waste (general waste) as raw materials. Through the process, the waste solidified fuel (Refuse Derived Fuel: hereinafter referred to as RDF) is manufactured.
Some DFs are stored and transported as necessary, and used as fuel in power generation and other various combustion furnaces (incinerators). However, since the raw material used for the RDF is general waste, there is a large variation in composition, and therefore, the amount of heat generated during combustion may become unstable, and it is difficult to stabilize the quality. It was said. Moreover, since there is a concern about the problem of spoilage when the general waste as a raw material contains moss and the like, it has been necessary to adjust pH by adding lime or the like separately. Furthermore, if the raw material contains chlorine-containing plastics such as vinyl chloride, there is a concern that hydrogen chloride gas and dioxins may be generated at the time of combustion. . Moreover, since the calorific value at the time of combustion is relatively low, the actual value is that the utility value as a fuel is not so high.

  For this reason, as a method for using a combustible component in waste to produce a fuel with a higher calorific value, paper as industrial waste with a clearer emission source than the above general waste such as municipal waste (Recycled paper) and plastics (waste plastics), and waste paper and waste plastics selected from general wastes as raw materials to produce high-calorific solid fuels (RPF: Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel) have attracted attention in recent years It is coming.

The RPF is, for example, crushed waste paper that is difficult to recycle and waste plastic from which chlorine-containing plastics such as vinyl chloride have been removed, and then mixed to obtain a mixture of the waste paper crushed piece and waste plastic crushed piece into a required shape. It is designed to be manufactured by compression molding.
Thereby, due to the use of a relatively stable raw material of waste paper and waste plastic, the RPF can stabilize the quality as a fuel and eliminate the possibility of corruption, Since it contains plastic, the amount of heat can be increased to the extent that it can be used as an alternative fuel for fossil fuel, and the utility value as fuel can be increased. Furthermore, it is also possible to adjust the calorific value by changing the mixing ratio of waste paper and waste plastic.

  Furthermore, in addition to the waste paper and waste plastics similar to the RPF, the following methods have also been proposed as methods for converting to solid fuel using a wider range of combustible waste as a raw material. That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, combustible waste (waste) a as typified by waste mainly discharged from households is firstly carbonized in a carbonization step ST1 (not shown) (pyrolysis furnace). ) And carbonized by steaming to make trash char (carbide) b. Next, in the mixing step ST2, the garbage charcoal b, waste plastic c, and waste paper d are mixed at a predetermined weight ratio, and then the mixture is crushed to a required size in the crushing step ST3. Subsequently, in the compression step ST4, the obtained crushed material is compressed until the waste plastic c contained by the frictional heat generated by the compression is softened, and the compressed product is sized. In ST5, the particles are sized (molded) into a required shape to form a solid fuel.

  Specifically, the compression step ST4 and the granulation step ST5 are performed by one compression / granulation device e as shown in FIG. That is, a compression / granulation apparatus e shown in FIG. 3 is inscribed in a rotating drum-shaped die (ring die) g having a large number of die holes h in a peripheral wall surface in a casing f and the die g. The rollers i and j that support and rotate the die g, the cutter k disposed along the outer peripheral surface of the die g, and the crushed material l crushed in the crushing step ST3 to the inside of the die g. It is composed of an input duct m to be input. As a result, the crushed material l introduced into the inside of the die g through the introduction duct m is pushed into the die hole h by being strongly pressed by the rollers i and j, and the crushed material is generated by the heat generated by the frictional heat generated at this time. l The softened pieces of waste plastic c contained in l are softened and integrated with the pieces of waste charcoal b and waste paper d, and at the same time, along with the pushing into the die hole h, The crushed material l that has already entered the die hole h is extruded so as to protrude from the die hole h to the outer peripheral side of the die g, and the crushed material l of this protruding portion is cut by the cutter k, Solid fuel (mixed fuel of carbonized waste and paper / plastic: C-RPF) n having a constant diameter and a fixed length is manufactured (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

  In addition, as one of the methods for producing solid fuel (RDF) from char (carbide) after pyrolyzing waste such as municipal waste, the waste is supplied from the dust feeder to the pyrolysis furnace, The waste is indirectly heated and dried by external heat in an inert atmosphere in a pyrolysis furnace, thermally decomposed, and then as a pyrolysis residue from a separation chamber serving as an outlet of the pyrolysis furnace. After taking out the char, and then removing the large incombustibles and metals, add 10-30% of moisture and knead, and then compression-molding to make a compression-molded product of the required shape, In addition, a method has been conventionally proposed in which the compression-molded product is forced to cool and harden to obtain a solid fuel (RDF) (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  By the way, a waste carbonization facility for carbonizing waste and a C-RPF manufacturing facility may not necessarily be installed at the same place. That is, for example, a plurality of waste carbonization treatment facilities existing in a certain area are not provided in order to widen the processing rather than separately attaching a small-scale C-RPF production facility for each waste carbonization treatment facility. It is conceivable that the carbides produced in 1) are collected in one C-RPF production facility and the production of C-RPF is performed on a large scale. In such a case, the waste carbide produced in the carbonization treatment facility is Therefore, it is necessary to transport to the C-RPF manufacturing facility.

JP 2001-240882 A JP 2001-271080 A

  However, the waste carbide produced in the waste carbonization facility is in the form of powder or flakes, has a small apparent specific gravity, and is very bulky. In reality, it is feared that the carbide powder is likely to be scattered during the carrying-out work from the processing facility or the carrying-in work to the C-RPF manufacturing facility, and the surrounding environment may be deteriorated.

  Therefore, in view of the conventional proposal of a method for solidifying waste carbide as described in Patent Document 2 above, the carbide produced in the carbonization facility is once solidified, It is considered that the solidified carbide is transported to a C-RPF production facility and used as a raw material for C-RPF production.

  However, the conventionally proposed C-RPF manufacturing method has been developed on the premise of powdered and flaky carbides taken out from a waste pyrolysis furnace, so solidified carbides can be used as they are. It cannot be used as a raw material. Therefore, in order to use the solidified carbide as a raw material in a conventionally proposed method for producing C-RPF, it is required to be crushed. Therefore, a process of once solidifying the carbide of the waste in the waste carbonization facility and crushing the solidified carbide in the C-RPF manufacturing facility is required, which increases labor, time, and cost.

  Therefore, the present invention needs to further push forward what is described in Patent Document 1 and transport the waste carbide produced at the waste carbonization facility to the waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel production facility. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for producing waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel, which can efficiently produce waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention, after pyrolyzing waste in a waste carbonization treatment facility, molding the carbide obtained by the pyrolysis into a required particle size into a carbide molded body , A step of transporting the carbide molded body to a solid fuel manufacturing facility; and the solid fuel manufacturing facility, the carbide molded body is mixed with waste plastic crushed material while having a particle size, and the particle size a step of the raw material mixture comprising a carbide molded body remains having the raw material mixture at an extrusion molding machine provided with a die having a larger diameter than the particle size of the carbide molded body, the carbide by extrusion molding without destroying the molded body, method of producing carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel of waste so as to produce a carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel wastes, and waste carbonization treatment facilities, waste object A pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing to obtain carbide, and a molding device for molding the carbide obtained in the pyrolysis furnace to form a carbide molded body of a required particle size, and in a solid fuel production facility, provided with a receiving portion of the carbide molded body is transported from the waste carbonization treatment facilities, downstream of the receiving join the club, and a waste plastic crushing product is crushed is supplied from the waste plastic supply unit the carbide molded body A mixer for mixing with the particle size of the carbide molded body to be a raw material mixture containing the carbide molded body with the particle size , and from the mixer the resulting raw material mixture through a die of a larger diameter than the particle size of the carbide molded body contained in the raw material mixture, provided with an extruder for extruding without destroying the carbide molded body Composition To the manufacturing apparatus of the carbide and the plastic-containing solid fuel waste.

Moreover, it is set as the structure which was able to add water to the mixer which mixes the carbide molding body in the said structure with a waste plastic.

According to the present invention, the following excellent effects are exhibited.
(1) After the waste in waste carbonization treatment facility pyrolyzed, the steps of the carbide molded body by molding the carbide obtained by pyrolysis to the required particle size, the carbide molded solid fuel fabrication facility a step of conveying the at solid fuel fabrication facility, the carbide molded body, was mixed with the waste plastic crushed material in a state having a particle size, carbide molding remains having the particle diameter a step of the raw material mixture comprising a body, a raw material mixture at an extrusion molding machine provided with a die having a larger diameter than the particle size of the carbide molded body extruded without destroying the carbide molded body and, since there is a method and apparatus for producing carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel of waste so as to produce a carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel wastes, hydrocarbon wastes obtained in waste carbonization treatment facilities Can be carried out in the form of a carbide molded body that has been preliminarily hardened to a required particle size when transported to a solid fuel production facility, so that the transport efficiency can be increased and handling can be facilitated. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent the possibility that powdered carbides are scattered during the conveyance process and the working environment is deteriorated. Moreover, in the solid fuel manufacturing facility, the above-mentioned carbide molded body to be carried in can be included in the waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel as a product while maintaining the particle size without being crushed, This makes it possible to produce waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel by effectively utilizing the effort, time, and cost of the molding work of the carbide molding in the waste carbonization facility.
(2) By adopting a configuration in which water can be added to a mixer that mixes a carbide molded body with waste plastic, when the waste plastic and the carbide molded body are stirred and mixed in the mixer, the carbide molded body is mixed. It is possible to reliably prevent the powdered carbides derived from the dust from being scattered.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a method and apparatus for producing waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel of the present invention. First, waste 1 such as municipal waste is heated in a waste carbonization facility A. Pyrolysis is performed in a cracking furnace (carbonization furnace) 2 to generate carbide 3 as a pyrolysis residue, and the carbide 3 is molded into a required shape so that the particle size is 10 mm or less, for example, about 5 mm, by a molding device 4. (Solidification) to produce a molded body 5, and the carbide molded body 5 is made from a waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel production facility (hereinafter simply referred to as a solid fuel production facility) B by a required conveying means (not shown). Transport to.

  Next, in the solid fuel production facility B, the carbide molded body 5 and the crushed waste plastic 6 from which chlorine-containing plastic such as vinyl chloride has been previously removed are put into a mixer 7 and evenly mixed. The raw material mixture 8 is agitated and mixed to form a raw material mixture 8. After that, the raw material mixture 8 is extruded and then cured and stored to produce waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel (C-RPF) 9.

  More specifically, in the waste carbonization treatment facility A, a molding apparatus for molding the carbide 3 on the downstream side of the carbide extraction line 10 for taking out the carbide 3 from the pyrolysis furnace 2 for thermally decomposing the waste 1. 4 is provided. The molding device 4 is used to solidify the carbide 3 using water or a required binder and to stir and mix it with the mixer 7 together with the waste plastic 6 in a later step, for example, in the post-process or when the waste plastic is used. When the raw material mixture 8 which is a mixture with the material 6 is extruded, any type of molding device 4 may be used as long as the carbide molded body 5 having a strength capable of maintaining a certain shape can be molded.

  The carbide molded body 5 molded by the molding apparatus 4 has a particle size of 10 mm or less, for example, about 5 mm. Here, the particle size of the carbide molded body 5 is set to 10 mm or less, because the final-described extrusion molding machine 16 used in the extrusion molding process for producing the carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel 9 of the required shape is finally described. This is because the carbide molded body 5 can be passed through the die 17 without breaking. Therefore, when the die 17 of the extrusion molding machine 16 has a larger diameter, the particle size of the carbide molded body 5 may be set larger. Further, the carbide molded body 5 to be molded by the molding apparatus 4 has a viewpoint that it is difficult to receive a local force from the outside to easily maintain the shape, and the manufactured carbide molded body 5 is disposed of as a waste carbonization facility. From the viewpoint of ease of handling when transporting from A to the solid fuel production facility B, the shape is preferably spherical, but there is no particular problem even if the shape is cylindrical or irregular.

  The molding device 4 is equipped with a particle size selection unit (not shown), and the molded carbide molded body 5 is passed through the sieve at the particle size selection unit, so that particles with excessively large particle sizes and powdery substances are removed. Then, only the carbide molded body 5 having a substantially uniform particle size can be taken out. What is necessary is just to make it grind | pulverize the thing of the too large particle size removed in the said particle size selection part, and to utilize a powdery material as a raw material for shaping | molding again.

  The solid fuel manufacturing facility B includes a receiving portion 11 for the carbide molded body 5 such as a hopper for receiving the carbide molded body 5. A sorter 12 is provided on the downstream side of the receiving unit 11 as necessary, and the carbide molded body 5 supplied from the receiving unit 11 is supplied to the mixer 7 provided on the downstream side of the sorter 12. Before the adjustment, the particle size may be adjusted again to 10 mm or less, for example, about 5 mm.

  Furthermore, the solid fuel production facility B includes a waste plastic supply unit 13 that can supply waste plastic 6 from which chlorine-containing plastic has been removed in advance, and is crushed downstream of the waste plastic supply unit 13. The waste plastic 6 supplied from the waste plastic supply unit 13 is crushed so as to have a particle size of 10 to 100 mm by the crusher 14 so that the waste plastic crushed material 6a can be generated. is there.

  A mixer 7 is provided on the crusher 14 and on the downstream side of the sorter 12 (on the downstream side of the receiving portion 11 when the sorter 12 is not provided). Thereby, the carbide molding 5 supplied through the sorter 12 or directly from the receiving unit 11 and the waste plastic crushed material 6a supplied from the waste plastic supply unit 13 through the crusher 14 are predetermined. The carbide molded body 5 is stirred and mixed with the waste plastic crushed material 6a while maintaining the required particle size, so that the particles of each material are dispersed almost evenly. The raw material mixture 8 thus produced can be produced.

  In the above, the supply rate of the waste plastic crushed material 6a and the carbide molded product 5 supplied to the mixer 7 is such that the waste plastic crushed material 6a has a heat generation amount of about 33.6 MJ / kg, and the carbide molded product 5 generates heat. In view of the fact that the amount is about 16.8 MJ / kg, the solid fuel 9 to be finally produced may be appropriately adjusted so as to obtain a desired calorific value. That is, for example, when producing the solid fuel 9 having a calorific value equivalent to coal of about 25.2 MJ / kg, the supply ratio of the waste plastic crushed material 6a and the carbide molded body 5 is set to 1: 1. You can do it.

  Further, when the waste plastic crushed material 6a and the carbide molded body 5 are stirred and mixed in the mixer 7, the possibility that powdered carbides derived from the carbide molded body 5 are scattered can be reliably prevented. In addition, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1, water 15 may be added to the mixer 7 so as to be about several percent compared to the raw material mixture 8 to be generated. The water is evaporated by heat acting when the raw material mixture 8 is extruded in a later process, or is naturally evaporated during curing and storage of the molded waste carbide and the plastic-containing solid fuel 9. Therefore, the calorific value of the solid fuel is not affected.

  An extruder 16 for compressing and extruding the raw material mixture 8 from a perforated plate-shaped die 17 is provided at a downstream position of the mixer 7. Further, the extrusion molding machine 16 produces the waste carbide and the plastic-containing solid fuel 9 in the required shape, in which the diameter of the die 17 is larger than the particle diameter of the carbide molded body 5. Therefore, the aperture is as large as possible within the allowable range, for example, the aperture of 40 mm. Further, although not shown, a heater is attached to the die 17 so that the temperature of the die 17 can be reliably increased to the softening temperature of the waste plastic crushed material 6a contained in the raw material mixture 8. You may do it. Thereby, when the raw material mixture 8 supplied from the mixer 7 is extruded through the die 17, the carbide molded body 5 contained in the raw material mixture 8 is allowed to pass through without being destroyed, Since the waste plastic crushed material 6a in the mixture 8 can be surely softened, an outer skin surface is formed by the softened waste plastic crushed material 6a, and the carbide molded body 5 is included in the inside with the same particle size. Thus, an extruded molded body 9a can be obtained.

  On the downstream side of the extrusion molding machine 16, a curing storage zone 18 is provided, and the extrusion molding product 9 a that is at a high temperature due to heat applied during the extrusion molding of the raw material mixture 8 in the extrusion molding machine 16, By cooling, natural drying and curing, it is possible to obtain a waste carbonized product and a plastic-containing solid fuel 9 as a product.

  When producing the waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel 9 using the waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel production apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration, first, in the waste carbonization treatment facility A, the waste is disposed of. The carbide 1 is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace 2 to recover the carbide 3, and the carbide 3 is supplied to the molding device 4 so that a carbide molded body 5 formed to have a required particle size is manufactured. .

  Next, the carbide molded body 5 is transported to the solid fuel production facility B by a required transport means (not shown) and is introduced into the receiving unit 11. The carbide molded body 5 received in the receiving unit 11 is supplied to the mixer 7 after performing particle size selection by a sorter 12 as necessary.

  In the solid fuel production facility B, the waste plastic 6 supplied from the waste plastic supply unit 13 is separately supplied to the crusher 14 to obtain the waste plastic crushed material 6a having the required particle size. The crushed material 6a is supplied to the mixer 7 such that the supply ratio with the carbide molded body 5 becomes a predetermined value. Thereby, in the mixer 7, a raw material mixture 8 is formed in which the carbide molded body 5 and the waste plastic crushed material 6a are both homogeneously dispersed.

  Thereafter, the raw material mixture 8 is supplied to the extrusion molding machine 16, and the raw material mixture 8 is compressed through the die 17 heated by the frictional heat when the raw material mixture 8 is compressed and extruded and heated by the heater as necessary. When the raw material mixture 8 is extruded to form a compression molded product 9a, the resulting compression molded product 9a is covered with a waste plastic crushed material 6a whose outer skin surface is softened and has an adhesive action, and a carbide molded product is contained therein. 5 is included in the required particle size.

  Thereafter, the extruded product 9a is cooled, dried and cured in the curing storage zone 18. As a result, a cooled and dried product, that is, a waste carbide and a plastic-containing solid fuel 9 having a required shape corresponding to the shape of the extruded product 9a are manufactured.

  Thus, according to the manufacturing method and apparatus of the waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel of the present invention, the carbide molded body 5 formed by molding the carbide 3 of the waste 1 in the waste carbonization treatment facility A is obtained. Since the carbide molded body 5 is manufactured and transported to the solid fuel manufacturing facility B, it can be transported efficiently, and the powdered carbide 3 scatters during the transportation process. Can prevent the risk of deterioration.

  Further, in the solid fuel manufacturing facility B, the carbide molded body 5 to be carried into the waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel 9 which are finally manufactured while maintaining the particle size without being crushed. Can be included. Therefore, it is possible to produce the waste carbide and the plastic-containing solid fuel 9 by effectively utilizing the labor, time, and cost of molding the carbide molded body 5 in the waste carbonization facility A without wasting it. Become.

  In addition, this invention is not limited only to the said embodiment, The extrusion molding machine 16 passes the die | dye which can pass the carbide | carbonized_material molded body 5 contained in the raw material mixture 8 supplied from the mixer 7 as it is. As long as it is possible to extrude the carbide molded body 5 without applying an excessive force that causes destruction, any type of extrusion molding machine 16 may be used. Of course, various changes can be made without departing from the scope.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method and an apparatus for producing waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel according to the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the manufacturing method of the solid fuel which uses the carbide | carbonized_material of waste, a waste plastic, and used paper as a raw material proposed conventionally. It is a general | schematic cutting side view which shows the molding machine used with the manufacturing method shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

A Waste carbonization facility B Solid fuel production facility 1 Waste 2 Pyrolysis furnace 3 Carbide 4 Molding device 5 Carbide molding 6 Waste plastic 6a Waste plastic crushed 7 Mixer 8 Raw material mixture 9 Waste carbide and plastic-containing solid Fuel 11 Receiving part 13 Waste plastic supply part 15 Water 16 Extruder 17 Dice

Claims (3)

After waste in waste carbonization treatment facility pyrolyzed, to convey the steps of the carbide molded body by molding the carbide obtained by pyrolysis to the required particle size, the carbide molded into solid fuel fabrication facility And the above-mentioned carbide molded body is mixed with waste plastic crushed material in a state of having a particle size in the solid fuel production facility, and includes the carbide molded body in a state of having the particle size. The raw material mixture is extruded and the raw material mixture is extruded without destroying the carbide molded body with an extrusion machine including a die having a diameter larger than the particle diameter of the carbide molded body , A method for producing waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel, characterized by producing waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel. A pyrolysis furnace for thermally decomposing waste to obtain carbide in a waste carbonization facility, and a molding apparatus for molding the carbide obtained in the pyrolysis furnace to obtain a carbide molded body having a required particle size; And a solid fuel production facility is provided with a receiving portion for a carbide molded body conveyed from the waste carbonization facility, and is supplied from the carbide molded body and the waste plastic supply portion to the downstream side of the receiving portion. The crushed waste plastic crushed material is mixed in a state where the particle size of the above-mentioned carbide molded body is kept, and a raw material mixture containing the carbide molded body in the state where the particle size is kept is obtained. And a raw material mixture obtained from the mixer is extruded through a die having a diameter larger than the particle size of the carbide molded body contained in the raw material mixture without destroying the carbide molded body. Extrusion for Apparatus for producing carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel of waste characterized in that it comprises a mold machine, the. 3. The apparatus for producing waste carbide and plastic-containing solid fuel according to claim 2 , wherein water can be added to a mixer for mixing the carbide molded body with waste plastic.

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