JP5036394B2 - Wireless communication system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a radio communication system, and more particularly to a radio communication system composed of a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station. The present invention relates to a wireless communication system suitable for remotely identifying an object.

  The technology for remotely identifying an unspecified number of objects is expected to be useful in abundance in recent years as the quantity of physical distribution increases and the distribution speed increases. In order to identify an object in such a large amount and at high speed, it is indispensable to apply information transmission means that infiltrate the object because the positional relationship between the plurality of objects cannot be specified. For such applications, wireless technology is suitable, and detection of an object using electromagnetic waves and transmission of information held by the object have already been realized, for example, as a wireless tag system.

  Patent Document 1 uses a radio wave transmission means that is separate from a reader / writer that communicates with an RFID tag, in order to increase the communicable distance between the RFID tag and the reader / writer, There has been disclosed a communication system using the power generation radio wave transmitted from the radio wave transmission means for supplying power to the RFID tag.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a short distance by radio waves of the first frequency on one sheet base material for the purpose of enabling automatic reading of data in a cargo tracking system and sorting of cargo by an automatic sorting machine. There is disclosed an RFID in which a first antenna for performing data transmission of the above and a second antenna for performing long-distance data transmission by radio waves of a second frequency are arranged.

  In general, in a radio communication system, frequency division duplex (Frequency Divide Duplex: FDD) or time division duplex (Time Divide Duplex: TDD) is used to duplex a transmission wave and a reception wave. ), A technique of performing reception and transmission at different frequencies or different time timings and equivalently duplicating the transmission wave and the reception wave is used. In the case of using a scattered wave directly as a carrier wave, a conventional technique that can be called direction division duplex (DDD) is known. In this technique, a circulator is used to exit from a base station. The transmission wave and the reception wave are equivalently duplicated using the difference in directionality between the electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic wave entering the base station. This technique is described in Non-Patent Document 1.

JP 2006-217393 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-190043 RFID Handbook 2nd Edition (written by Klaus Finkenzella, Translated by Software Engineering Laboratory, published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, May 2004), p. 45

  However, with the increase in logistics speed and capacity, it has become a universal social requirement to improve the ability of object detection and information transmission using electromagnetic waves, in other words, the distance that electromagnetic waves can reach in the system. ing.

  Since the electromagnetic wave attenuates in proportion to the distance to the power of 2 to 3 along with the transmission distance, when the transmission distance increases, when the electromagnetic wave radiated from the base station arrives at the base station again, its power decreases remarkably. Therefore, it is extremely resistant to various disturbance factors. In such a system, in order to re-radiate the energy of electromagnetic waves coming from the base station to the base station with as little conversion loss as possible, generally the scattered electromagnetic field itself from the object to be identified is used as a carrier wave for information transmission. The method is common.

  However, in order to generate a new carrier wave by some means, it is necessary to convert the high frequency power of the electromagnetic wave into power supply power for some means, and in that case, a conversion loss always occurs in reality. In wireless transmission using such an electromagnetic wave, the reach of the electromagnetic wave is limited by the power to be applied to the carrier, so maximizing the power efficiency of the carrier generation is the reach of the electromagnetic wave in the system, in other words It leads to maximizing the application limit of the system.

  In a system that uses scattered waves directly as a carrier wave, the transmission power itself radiated from the base station is the largest disturbance factor of the electromagnetic waves that re-enter the base station. This is because the disturbance factor cannot be removed using a general-purpose technique such as a filter because the frequencies of both are the same.

  FIG. 22 is a rewrite of FIG. 3-21 of Non-Patent Document 1, which uses a circulator 164 as a directional coupler for electromagnetic waves entering the base station, and is a source of electromagnetic waves radiated from the base station 100. The output of a certain carrier generator 161 is radiated from an antenna 168 through the circulator. The electromagnetic wave 181 radiated from the base station arrives at the terminal station 101, and the energy of the electromagnetic wave is taken in by the antenna 118 provided in the terminal station 101 and converted into a DC power source by the rectifier circuit 114. Thereafter, the modulation circuit 134 modulates the load impedance of the antenna 118 using this DC power supply, and radiates the electromagnetic wave 182 whose amplitude is modulated. The electromagnetic wave rearriving at the base station 100 is guided from the antenna 168 to the circulator 164, but is transmitted to the receiving circuit 162 instead of the carrier wave generator 161 due to the nonreciprocity of the circulator.

  In the technique disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, the base station distinguishes between the transmitted wave and the received wave by using the fact that the reverse-direction electromagnetic waves passing through the circulator are independent from each other. It will be a thing. The radiating field can transmit power farther than the other two fields, the induction field and the near field.

  However, it is desirable that the size of the antenna for transmitting / receiving electromagnetic wave energy is about the wavelength, and when the size is significantly reduced from the wavelength (for example, 1/10 or less of the wavelength), the efficiency of electromagnetic wave energy transmission / reception of the antenna is significantly reduced. Therefore, when the maximum dimension of the base station or the terminal station is limited, there arises a problem that the communication distance between the base station and the terminal station cannot be increased as a result.

  On the other hand, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, for communication and power transmission between a reader / writer (base station), an RFID tag (terminal station), and radio wave transmission means, a communication radio wave and power generation Radio waves are used. The electric wave generating means for generating electric power is installed in the middle of the movement path of the RFID tag. This method requires a reception function for a frequency dedicated for power transmission, in addition to the frequency for communication, in the RFID tag. In order to expand the distance that will be the system application limit, it is desirable to set the radio wave transmission means for power generation at a position far from the moving path of the RFID tag. In this case, it is necessary to increase the size of the antenna. In applications where the maximum size of the terminal station is limited, it is not desirable to require such a function of receiving two frequencies or to increase the size of the antenna.

  Furthermore, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2, a plurality of base stations having different operating frequencies exist in the RFID system, and data transmission at a short distance by radio waves of the first frequency is performed on a sheet base material (terminal station). By arranging the first antenna for performing data transmission and the second antenna for performing long-distance data transmission using radio waves of the second frequency, a terminal station that can simultaneously support each base station is realized. This method is also not suitable for applications in which the maximum size of the terminal station is limited because the second antenna needs to be large when performing long-distance data transmission.

  It is an object of the present invention to be able to equivalently extend the applicable limit distance of a system in a wireless communication system using a conventional direction division duplex system even when the maximum size of a terminal station is limited. It is to provide a wireless communication system.

An example of a representative one of the present invention is as follows. That is, the wireless communication system of the present invention is configured by a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station, and the distance between the base station and the relay station is longer than the distance between the relay station and the terminal station. , between the relay station and the base station communicates with the first radio wave, between the relay station and the terminal station comprises is configured to communicate with a second radio, the first The frequency of the radio wave is higher than the frequency of the second radio wave, and the relay station takes in energy from the first radio wave received from the base station and stores it as DC power supply power , A function of generating the second radio wave when the voltage of the DC power supply power reaches a certain value and starting communication by the second radio wave between the relay station and the terminal station. The terminal station receives the second radio wave received from the relay station. Become configured to generate a source power al DC, received power from the base station of the relay station, characterized in that from the relay station is greater than the transmission power to the terminal station.

  According to the present invention, since the wireless communication system is configured to perform communication between the base station and the terminal via the relay station, even when the maximum size of the terminal station is limited, communication with the base station is possible. It is possible to increase the distance from the final terminal, and to increase the communication capacity of the wireless communication system.

  A typical example of the present invention is as follows. That is, the radio communication system of the present invention is composed of a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station, and the relay station is spatially separated by coupling with an induced electromagnetic field or an electrostatic field (hereinafter referred to as an induced electromagnetic field unless otherwise distinguished). A terminal station installed at a short distance is provided, and communication is performed between the base station and the terminal station using a radiation field. Since the relay station and the terminal station are coupled by an induction electromagnetic field, they are spatially separated and perform non-contact communication. Further, when the distance is smaller than the wavelength, the coupling by the induction electromagnetic field, that is, the induction field is significantly stronger than the coupling by the radiation field, and large power can be transmitted and received. On the other hand, the induced field attenuates in proportion to the square of the distance compared to the radiation field attenuated in proportion to the square of the distance, so that communication by the induced field is suitable for a short distance. In addition, since the transfer of energy in the induction field can be achieved by the induction coil, the efficiency of energy transfer due to a decrease in the size of the coil can be compensated for by increasing the number of turns of the coil.

  In order to make the best use of these effects, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave used for coupling between the relay station and the terminal station (because it is inversely proportional to the wavelength) is greater than the frequency of the electromagnetic wave used for communication between the base station and the relay station. Make it smaller. The frequency of this electromagnetic wave is given by modulating the electromagnetic wave radiated from the base station in advance, or the energy of the transmitted wave from the base station is received by the antenna, rectified and charged, and this is used as power as a relay station Alternatively, it is generated by an oscillation circuit provided in the terminal station. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the size of the induction coil, which is a factor that determines the size of the terminal station, and as a result, it is possible to increase the communication distance between the terminal station and the base station without increasing the size of the terminal station. It becomes.

  Thus, by introducing a three-stage configuration of a base station that normally allows a large size, a relatively large size relay station, and a terminal station that can reduce the size, it should communicate with the base station equivalently. Since the distance to the final terminal can be increased, the distance that is the application limit of the wireless communication system can be increased, and the communication capacity of the wireless communication system can be increased. Furthermore, not only the final terminal but also the relay station does not require a battery, and a system excellent in environmental resistance and environmental protection can be configured.

In order to apply this technology when there is a request for the terminal station that is the final terminal to freely move within the communication range covered by the base station, a fixed relay station is arranged in the coverage area of the base station. Then, the communication coverage area of the base station may be filled in the communicable area between the relay station and the terminal station.
The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 (FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D).
FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to a first embodiment. The communication system of the present embodiment includes a base station (BS) 100, a single or a plurality of relay stations (TS) 101, and a single or a plurality of terminal stations (STS) 102 corresponding to each relay station. Two-way communication by non-contact communication is performed between the base station 100 and the relay station 101 and between the relay station 101 and the terminal station 102, respectively.

  The base station 100 includes a transmission circuit 1, a reception circuit 2, a circulator 3, and a base station antenna 8. The relay station 101 includes a switch 12, a matching circuit 13, a rectifier circuit 14, a smoothing circuit 15, a microprocessor 16, a memory 17, an oscillation circuit 19, a first parallel / serial converter 11, a relay station antenna 18, and a first induction. The coil 10 is configured. Further, the terminal station 102 includes a second parallel / serial converter 21, a sub memory (IC chip) 27, and a second induction coil 20. Information including at least the identification number unique to the terminal station is written in the sub memory 27.

  In the base station 100, the output of the transmission circuit 1 is coupled to the first port of the circulator 3, the base station antenna 8 is coupled to the second port of the circulator 3, and the reception circuit 2 is coupled to the third port of the circulator 3. Are joined. The circulator 3 equivalently doubles the transmission wave and the reception wave by using the difference in directionality between the electromagnetic wave exiting from the base station 100 and the electromagnetic wave entering the base station 100. The base station 100 has a function of transmitting a transmission wave from the base station antenna 8 via the circulator 3, receiving the reflected wave 82 as a reception wave from the relay station 101, and supplying it to the receiving circuit 2 due to the nonreciprocity of the circulator 3. Have.

The transmission circuit 1 of the base station 100 has a transmission signal processing function of generating a carrier wave signal having a specific frequency and amplitude based on a clock signal, performing DA conversion on the carrier wave signal, and transmitting the amplified carrier wave 81 as a transmission wave. .
The reception circuit 2 has a reception signal processing function of performing detection, AD conversion, and demodulation processing on the received reflected wave 82 and performing predetermined processing based on information included in the reception signal.

  The carrier wave 81 transmitted from the base station antenna 8 is input to the relay station 101 by the relay station antenna 18 of the relay station 101. A switch 12 and a matching circuit 13 are coupled to the relay station antenna 18 in parallel. The relay station 101 has a power supply power generation function that rectifies the received carrier wave 81 to convert it into DC power and supplies it as power to each internal circuit. That is, the output of the matching circuit 13 is converted into direct current by the rectifier circuit 14, smoothed by the smoothing circuit 15, and stored in the smoothing circuit as a direct current power supply, and power is supplied to the microprocessor 16 from the direct current power supply. The microprocessor 16 includes a communication control function for controlling communication with the base station and each terminal station, and a reflected wave generation function for sending information based on data read from the terminal station to the base station.

  As a communication method between the relay station 101 and each terminal station 102, electromagnetic induction is used for the proximity type or proximity type, and electromagnetic coupling or electrostatic coupling is used for the close contact type, depending on the communication distance.

  In the communication system of this embodiment, each terminal station 102 is located in the vicinity of the relay station 101, and the distance between the base station 100 and the relay station is longer than the distance between the relay station and the terminal station. More specifically, in the example of FIG. 1, the distance between the base station 100 and the relay station indicates the communication distance between the pair of antennas, and the distance between the relay station and the terminal station indicates the communication distance between the pair of induction coils. For example, the communication distance between each terminal station 102 and the relay station 101 is within a few tens of centimeters for the proximity type or the proximity type, and within a few mm for the contact type. The communication distance between the base station 100 and the relay station 101 is about several meters to several tens of meters.

  Communication between the base station 100 and the relay station 101 is a radiation electromagnetic field (81, 82) using a high-frequency electromagnetic wave (first radio wave or first electromagnetic wave: first frequency fc) such as a microwave or UHF band. The communication between the relay station 101 and the terminal station 102 is induced by using a low-frequency radio wave such as a long wave band or a short wave band or an AC signal (second radio wave or second electromagnetic wave: second frequency fm). This is done by the electromagnetic field 88.

  In the present embodiment, the first radio wave used for communication between the base station and the relay station has a higher frequency than the second radio wave used for communication between the relay station and the terminal station. As an example, a UHF band radio wave of several hundred MHz or a microwave of several GHz is used for the first radio wave, and an electromagnetic wave of a long wave band or a short wave band of 13.56 MHz is used for the second radio wave.

  A transmitter 19 is coupled to the microprocessor 16 of the relay station 101 and supplies a clock to the microprocessor 16. Based on this clock, the microprocessor 16 generates a signal having the second frequency fm, communicates with one or a plurality of terminal stations, and reads the identification number written in the memory held by each terminal station. It has a function to report to the base station. That is, the microprocessor 16 communicates with each terminal station by the second radio wave via the first parallel / serial conversion circuit 11, the first induction coil 10, and the second induction coil 20 of the terminal station 102, Furthermore, a function of reading the contents (at least the identification number) of the sub memory 27 of the terminal station 102 via the second parallel / serial conversion circuit 21 is provided. The microprocessor 16 has a function of referring to the contents of the sub-memory 27 and performing a comparison operation with the contents of the memory 17 and opening / closing the switch 12 according to the result. That is, in response to the reception of the carrier wave 81 (first radio wave) of the frequency fc, new information as needed, using at least the switch 12 to open and close the switch 12 and modulate the carrier wave 81 using the data of the relay station A function for generating a switching signal, and a reflected wave generating function for generating a reflected wave 82 modulated on the carrier wave 81 by changing the load impedance of the relay station antenna 18 by opening and closing the switch 12 based on the switching signal. And a communication control function for transmitting the reflected wave 82 to the base station 100 at a designated timing. Further, the microprocessor 16 of the relay station 101 also has an abnormality report function for reporting the state to the base station when information written in the memory held by the terminal station cannot be read.

  In the terminal station 102, an electromotive force is generated due to the resonance action of the first induction coil 10 and the second induction coil 20 with the reception of the second radio wave from the relay station 101. The terminal station 102 has a function of starting the second parallel / serial conversion circuit 21 with the generation of the electromotive force, encoding the contents of the sub memory 27, and transmitting the encoded contents to the relay station 101.

  In this embodiment, in order to realize communication between the base station and the relay station using a radiated electromagnetic field, the antenna used for communication between them is a linear or plate antenna, and the antenna used for communication between the relay station and the terminal station is a coil. Alternatively, a plate capacitor is desirable. According to the present embodiment, the size of the antenna 20 that the relay station 101 uses for communication with the terminal station 102 can be made smaller than the antenna 18 that the relay station 101 uses for communication with the base station 100. As an example, when a radio wave having a frequency of 800 MHz is used as the first radio wave, an antenna that performs communication between the base station and the relay station needs to have a length of about 20 cm. On the other hand, since the relay station 101 uses an induction electromagnetic field for communication with the terminal station 102, the length or diameter of the coil or plate capacitor can be several cm or less.

  In other words, the base station 100 and the relay station 101 often have relatively strict restrictions on the maximum dimensions, so that a high-frequency radio wave can be used between the base station 100 and the relay station 101 by using a large antenna. The communication distance can be increased, and conversely, the size of the induction coil can be reduced by limiting the communication distance between the terminal station 102 and the relay station 101 which are often limited in the maximum dimension.

  When the relay station 101 uses electromagnetic coupling for communication with the terminal station 102, the pair of antennas on the relay station side and the terminal station side are opposed to each other and communicate by electromagnetic induction in a stationary state. When using electrostatic coupling, communication is performed using electrostatic induction between the relay station and the terminal station. For example, a pair of electrodes are provided in the relay station and the terminal station, and a capacitance is formed in the gap between the electrodes. In this state, when a voltage (signal) is applied to one electrode to charge it to a positive charge, a negative charge (signal) is induced to the other electrode by electrostatic induction. Thus, even in the case of the close contact type, the dimensions of the electrodes of the pair of antennas can be small. Further, the relay station does not require a battery, and an excellent system can be configured in terms of environment.

  By taking advantage of these features, it is possible to communicate information on a small-sized terminal station to a remote base station via a relay station installed in the vicinity of this terminal station. Can be managed remotely from a remote base station.

  FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating an example of a time chart of electromagnetic waves radiated from a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station that are components of the combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation field according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1C is a diagram illustrating an example of a flowchart illustrating an outline of processing in the base station, the relay station, and the terminal station.

  In FIG. 1B, the upper two (BS, TS1) exchange electromagnetic waves between the base station 100 and the relay station 101, and the lower two (TS2, STS) exchange electromagnetic waves between the relay station 101 and the terminal station 102. Is shown. The base station 100 always radiates an unmodulated electromagnetic wave 81 having the first frequency fc (BS), and the relay station 101 captures the energy of the unmodulated electromagnetic wave during the periods T1 and T2, and the rectifier circuit 14 and The smoothing circuit 15 converts and stores it as a DC power supply (TS1). When the voltage of the DC power supply reaches a certain value, the microprocessor 16 of the relay station 101 starts to operate and generates an induction electromagnetic field 88 of the second frequency (frequency fm). Communication is started via the induced electric field (TS2, STS).

  Further, in this embodiment, each terminal station 102 is arranged in the vicinity of the relay station 101 or in a close contact position, and power is transmitted and received by an induced electric field. The distance between the base station 100 and the relay station is between the relay station and the terminal station. By transmitting and receiving power in the radiated electromagnetic field longer than the distance, the power received by the relay station 101 from the base station 100 is made larger than the power transmitted from the relay station 101 to the terminal station 102. For example, the power that the relay station 101 receives from the base station 100 using the electromagnetic wave 81 can be 1 W or 4 W. On the other hand, the power received by the induction electromagnetic field is smaller than this.

  Using this induced electric field 88, the microprocessor 16 uses the data held by the terminal station to generate new information as needed using the data held by the relay station, and modulates the first frequency, for example, amplitude modulation. Information is transferred to the base station 100 in the periods T4 and T6 using the applied reflected wave 82 (TS1).

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the distance between the base station and the relay station is configured to be longer than the distance between the relay station and the terminal station, and communication between the base station and the relay station is performed mainly using the radiation field. By performing communication between the relay station and the terminal station mainly using an induction field or an electrostatic field, a base station that normally allows a large size, a relay station that has a relatively large size, and a terminal station that can reduce the size are three. By introducing a stage configuration, equivalently, the distance from the final terminal to communicate with the base station can be increased, and the communication capacity of the radio communication system can be increased.

  FIG. 1D is a diagram illustrating another time chart example of electromagnetic waves radiated from a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station that are components of the combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation field according to the first embodiment.

  In the case of FIG. 1D, the base station 100 generates a carrier signal having a predetermined frequency and amplitude based on the clock signal in the transmission circuit 1, modulates the carrier signal based on the transmission information, and amplifies the carrier 81 Is transmitted from the base station antenna 8 via the circulator 3 and has a signal processing function for performing predetermined processing in the receiving circuit 2 based on the received signal. Relay station 101 demodulates the signal received from base station 100, and uses the information included in the signal to perform modulation processing to add or change new information corresponding to the received information in addition to the information of FIG. 1B. , A signal processing function of amplifying and transmitting to the base station 100.

  The electromagnetic field radiated by the base station 100 is modulated in the electromagnetic waves in the periods T2, T4, and T6, and transmits some information to the relay station (BS). The relay station 101 takes in the energy of the unmodulated electromagnetic wave, and converts and stores it as a DC power source. When the voltage of the DC power supply reaches a certain value, the microprocessor starts to operate, communicates with the terminal station 102 via the induction electric field, and acquires terminal station information (TS2, STS). The relay station 101 uses this information to further convert the new information performed by the relay station in the case of FIG. 1B as necessary, and transmits this information to the base station 100 (TS1).

  In the embodiment of this figure, the base station 100 can modify the data held by the relay station 101 or the terminal station 102, so that the application of the combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields of this embodiment can be changed. This has the effect of expanding the selection range of business model construction using this system.

  A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2 (FIGS. 2A and 2B). FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. This embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that not only the relay station 101 includes the first rectifier circuit 14 but also the terminal station 102 includes the second rectifier circuit 24. is there. As a result, the second rectifier circuit 24 rectifies the high-frequency power transmitted from the relay station 101 via the second dielectric coil 20 and supplies power to the second parallel / serial converter 21 and the sub memory 27. To do.

  According to the present embodiment, a high-speed accessible RAM can be used as the secondary memory 27 of the terminal station 102, so that data can be temporarily stored and stored in the secondary memory, and the information processing capability of the relay station 101 can be increased. There is an effect that can be expanded.

  FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating a time chart of electromagnetic waves radiated from the base station 100, the relay station 101, and the terminal station 102 that are components of the second embodiment. The upper two (BS, TS1) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the base station and the relay station, and the lower two (TS2, STS) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the relay station and the terminal station. The difference between FIG. 1 and FIG. 1B is that an unmodulated induction electric field 88 is supplied from the relay station 101 to the terminal station 102 in the periods T2 and T4 in order to supply power to the terminal station 102 (TS2, STS).

  According to the present embodiment, a three-stage configuration of a base station that normally allows a large size, a relay station having a relatively large size, and a terminal station that can reduce the size is introduced and equivalently communicates with the base station. The distance to the final terminal to be increased can be increased, and the communication capacity of the wireless communication system can be increased. Further, since the terminal station has a power source, there is an effect of expanding the amount of information that can be handled by the terminal station.

  A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3 (FIGS. 3A and 3B). FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that the relay station 101 does not have a memory and communicates with the base station 100 using only the information stored in the sub memory 27 provided in the terminal station 102. . According to the present embodiment, for example, when the information processing load of the relay station is light, such as when identifying the target where the terminal station 102 is installed, the configuration of the relay station can be simplified, and the relay station can be downsized. Is effective.

  FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a time chart of electromagnetic waves radiated from the base station, the relay station, and the terminal station, which are the constituent elements of the combined DDD communication system according to the present embodiment. The upper two (BS, TS1) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the base station and the relay station, and the lower two (TS2, STS) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the relay station and the terminal station. The difference between this figure and FIG. 1B is that the relay station 101 transfers the information of the terminal station 102 directly to the base station 100. As a result, the relay station 100 uses the second induction electromagnetic field 88 in accordance with the mechanism of FIG. 1B from the timing T3 when the power source power necessary for the operation of the microprocessor 16 is obtained. In addition, information is transmitted between the relay station 101 and the base station 100 using the radiation field 81 of the first frequency.

  According to the present embodiment, a three-stage configuration of a base station that normally allows a large size, a relay station having a relatively large size, and a terminal station that can reduce the size is introduced and equivalently communicates with the base station. The distance to the final terminal to be increased can be increased, and the communication capacity of the wireless communication system can be increased. In this embodiment, since the relay station does not have a memory, the hardware of the relay station can be reduced in size and cost.

  A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 4 (FIGS. 4A and 4B). FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 2 is that the relay station 101 does not have a memory and communicates with the base station 100 using only the information stored in the sub memory 27 provided in the terminal station 102. .

  FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a time chart of electromagnetic waves radiated from a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station that are components of the combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation field according to the present embodiment. The upper two (BS, TS1) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the base station 100 and the relay station 101, and the lower two (TS2, STS) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the relay station 101 and the terminal station 102. . In periods T2 and T4, in order to supply power to the terminal station 102, a non-modulated induction electric field 88 is supplied from the relay station 101 to the terminal station 102 (TS2, STS).

  According to the present embodiment, a three-stage configuration of a base station that normally allows a large size, a relay station having a relatively large size, and a terminal station that can reduce the size is introduced and equivalently communicates with the base station. The distance to the final terminal to be increased can be increased, and the communication capacity of the wireless communication system can be increased. In this embodiment, since the relay station does not have a memory, the hardware of the relay station can be reduced in size and cost. In addition, since the terminal station has a power source, the amount of information that can be handled by the terminal station can be increased.

  A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 5 (FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C). FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. This embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that a burst signal is used as the first radio wave (radiated electromagnetic field) 81 output from the transmission circuit 1 of the base station 100. That is, the transmission circuit 1 of the base station 100 is to intermittently transmit this carrier wave with a period Tb longer than the carrier wave period Tc. Further, the relay station 101 does not include the transmitter 19 and the memory 17 therein, and the band pass filter 31 is inserted into the control terminal of the switch 12. The terminal station 102 includes a microprocessor 26, a transmitter 29, a rectifier circuit 24, a smoothing circuit 25, a switch 22, and a sub memory 27. In the sub memory 27, an identification number or other status information is also written. The microprocessor 26 has a communication control function for controlling communication with the relay station, a signal wave generation function for sending memory information to the relay station based on a received signal from the relay station, and the like.

  The relay station 101 receives energy of an electromagnetic wave (first radio wave) 81 transmitted intermittently from the base station 100 from the relay station antenna 18, and the first rectifier circuit 14 and the first smoothing circuit 15 An AC signal having a frequency fb smaller than the frequency fc of the carrier wave transmitted from the station 100 is formed, and an electromagnetic wave (second wave) is passed through the matching circuit 16, the first dielectric coil 10, the second dielectric coil 20, and the matching circuit 23. ) 88) is transmitted to the terminal station 102.

  The terminal station 102 supplies high frequency power from the electromagnetic wave 88 transmitted from the relay station to the microprocessor 26 by the second rectifier circuit 24 and the second smoothing circuit 25, and the microprocessor 26 supplies a clock to the transmitter 29. Is generated. Based on the information stored in the sub memory 27 using this clock, a high frequency signal related to the ON / OFF cycle of the switch 22 is transmitted to the second induction coil 20 via the second matching circuit 23. This high-frequency signal is taken into the relay station 101 through the first induction coil 10 and the first matching circuit 16, and this taken-in high-frequency signal is processed by the band-pass filter 31 to a frequency related to the on / off cycle of the switch 22. The components are selected and the switch 12 of the relay station is turned on / off.

  If there are a plurality of relay stations 101 for one base station 100, the base station may modulate the frequency of the first radio wave transmitted to each relay station so that they are different from each other.

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a time chart of electromagnetic waves radiated from a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station, which are components of the combined DDD communication system according to the present embodiment. The upper two (BS, TS1) exchange electromagnetic waves (first radio waves) 81, 82 between the base station and the relay station, and the lower two (TS2, STS) are electromagnetic waves (TS2, STS) between the relay station and the terminal station ( (Second radio wave) 88 is shown. In this figure, the base station 100 always radiates an unmodulated electromagnetic wave 81 having a first frequency fc intermittently (BS), and the relay station 101 takes in the energy of the unmodulated electromagnetic wave and rectifies the rectifier circuit. 14 and smoothing circuit 15 convert and store as a DC power source. If the frequency corresponding to this period is the second frequency, the intermittently radiated electromagnetic wave can be considered as an electromagnetic wave having the first frequency amplitude-modulated at the second frequency as a carrier wave, and its characteristics Is represented by (A + B sin ω ₂ t) cos ω ₁ t. The relay station 101 receives and rectifies this electromagnetic wave. In this rectification process, the previous equation becomes (A + B sin ω ₂ t) | cos ω ₁ t |, and the first frequency component generates a direct current component. Ingredients are obtained automatically. In order to supply power to the terminal station, an unmodulated induction electric field is supplied to the DC power source (rectifier circuit 24, smoothing circuit 25) from the relay station to the terminal station at T1, T3, and T5. When this DC power supply reaches a certain value, the microprocessor 26 of the terminal station 102 starts to operate, and the terminal station 102 uses the induction field component of the electromagnetic field having the second frequency component, so that the terminal station 102 has T2, T4, and T6. Communication with the relay station 101 is performed at the timing (TS2, STS). Using this induced electric field 88, the microprocessor 26 uses the data of the terminal station to generate new information as needed using the data of the relay station, modulates the first frequency, and In T4 and T6, information is transferred to the base station 100 (TS1).

  According to the present embodiment, a three-stage configuration of a base station that normally allows a large size, a relay station having a relatively large size, and a terminal station that can reduce the size is introduced and equivalently communicates with the base station. The distance to the final terminal to be increased can be increased, and the communication capacity of the wireless communication system can be increased. In particular, according to this embodiment, since the terminal station 102 has a DC power supply (rectifier circuit 24, smoothing circuit 25), there is an effect of expanding the amount of information that can be handled by the terminal station 102. Further, according to the present embodiment, the relay station 101 does not need to have a transmitter, and there is an effect of simplifying the configuration of the relay station. Further, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the terminal station 102 has the same configuration as the relay station of the conventional DDD communication system shown in FIG. 11, and therefore the relay station of the present embodiment is added to the conventional DDD communication system. The communication distance of the DDD communication system can be expanded relatively easily only by changing the external antenna of the relay station of the conventional DDD communication system. Therefore, there is an effect of reducing the new introduction cost of the DDD communication system.

  FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating another time chart example of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the base station, the relay station, and the terminal station in the fifth embodiment.

  In the case of FIG. 5C, the electromagnetic field radiated by the base station is modulated (BS) at the second frequency described in the case of FIG. 1B, and some information is transmitted to the relay station. Using the information, the relay station performs further conversion on the new information performed by the relay station in the case of FIG. 5B as necessary, and transmits the information to the base station (TS1).

  In the embodiment of this figure, since the base station can modify the data held by the relay station or the terminal station, the application of the combined DDD communication system of the guided and radiated field of this embodiment can be changed. There is an effect of expanding the selection range of business model construction using the system.

  A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6 (FIGS. 6A and 6B). FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 5 is that the band-pass filter 31 provided in the relay station 101 is replaced with a band rejection filter 32.

  In the present embodiment, the band rejection filter 32 blocks the frequency component of the carrier wave transmitted from the base station 101, and compared with the filter that selectively passes the electromagnetic wave having a lower frequency component in the embodiment of FIG. Therefore, the structure can be reduced in size because the wavelength of electromagnetic waves to be handled is reduced. For this reason, the size of the relay station can be reduced.

  FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a time chart of electromagnetic waves radiated from the base station, the relay station, and the terminal station, which are components of the combined DDD communication system according to the present embodiment. The upper two (BS, TS1) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the base station and the relay station, and the lower two (TS2, STS) indicate the exchange of electromagnetic waves between the relay station and the terminal station. The difference between FIG. 5 and FIG. 5 is that electromagnetic waves are exchanged between the relay station and the terminal station by the induced magnetic field 88 generated using the electromagnetic wave whose wavelength is reduced by the band rejection filter 32 (TS2, STS). Thus, there is an effect that the dimensions of the relay station and the terminal station can be reduced.

  A seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to this embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 6 is that the transmission circuit 1 of the base station 100 is composed of a carrier wave generation circuit 4, a switch 5 and a microprocessor 6. The microprocessor 6 has a function of generating and outputting an on / off signal for generating a burst signal. The carrier wave generation circuit 4 continuously transmits a carrier wave signal having a high frequency component. The switch 5 installed in parallel with the carrier wave generation circuit 4 with respect to the first port of the circulator 3 is turned on / off by the output signal of the microprocessor 6, and the switch 5 itself is in an open / short state. The output from the base station antenna 8 based on the carrier signal of the carrier wave generation circuit 4 can be turned on / off.

  Accordingly, there is an effect that a carrier wave signal from the base station 100 can be periodically transmitted with a simple circuit configuration.

  An eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structure of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to this embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 7 is that both the base station antenna and the relay station antenna are replaced with a base station circular polarization antenna 80 and a relay station circular polarization antenna 180.

  According to this embodiment, the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is reversed in its turning direction every time it is reflected. Therefore, when a DDD communication system using both induction and radiation fields is installed in a multiple reflection environment such as indoors, the propagation of reflected waves The influence on the environment can be reduced, and the effect of simplifying the system design of the combined DDD communication system using induction and radiation fields can be obtained. In other words, there is an effect of improving the robustness against the radio wave propagation environment fluctuation of the system.

  A ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to this embodiment. In this figure, only the relationship between one base station 100 and a plurality of relay stations 101 (101a, 101b, 101c) is shown, and the relationship between each relay station and the corresponding terminal station is omitted. This is the same as the embodiment of FIG. Further, for simplification of description, the oscillation circuit included in each relay station is omitted.

  The base station 100 includes a transmission circuit 61, a reception circuit 62, a base station band pass filter 63, a circulator 64, and a base station antenna 8. The relay station 101 includes a switch 12, a matching circuit 13, a rectifier circuit 14, a smoothing circuit 15, a microprocessor 16, a memory 17, and a relay station bandpass filter 30 (30a, 30b, 30c) having different passbands. Yes. In the base station 100, the output of the transmission circuit 61 is coupled to the first port of the circulator 64, the base station antenna 8 is coupled to the second port of the circulator 64, and a plurality of parallel outputs are coupled to the third port of the circulator 64. A plurality of receiving circuits 62 (62a, 62b, 62c) are coupled through a base station band pass filter 63 (63a, 63b, 63c). The relay station antenna 18 (18a, 18b, 18c) is coupled in parallel with the switch 12 via the base station band-pass filter 30 and the rectifier circuit 14 via the matching circuit 13. The output of the rectifier circuit 14 is supplied as electric power for the microprocessor 16 via the smoothing circuit 15. The microprocessor 16 refers to the contents of the memory 17 and performs an operation, and then opens and closes the switch 12 according to the result.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the base station 100 transmits electromagnetic waves of three different frequencies (f1, f2, f3), and the three relay stations 101 including the relay station band-pass filter 30 having different pass bands are provided. Present in the system, the base station 100 has three receiving circuits 62 coupled with bandpass filters 63 having different passbands. A carrier wave 81 transmitted from the base station antenna 8 from the transmission circuit 61 of the base station 100 via the circulator 64 is input to the relay station 101 by the relay station antenna 18 of the relay station 101, and power is supplied to various circuits inside the relay station. Supply. Moreover, the load impedance of the relay station antenna 18 is changed by opening / closing the switch 12 based on the result of the arithmetic processing of the microprocessor 16, and the modulated reflected wave 82 (82 a, 82 b, 82 c) is transmitted to the base station 100. To do. The base station 100 receives this reflected wave 82 and is guided to each base station band-pass filter 63 by the nonreciprocity of the circulator 64, and only the necessary frequency components are sent to the respective receiving circuits 62 (62a, 62b, 62c). Supplied.

  In the present embodiment, since there are three relay stations 101 in the system, modulation is performed among the carriers of different frequencies (f1, f2, f3) of the three reflected waves 82 (82a, 82b, 82c). The frequencies of the carrier waves are different from each other. In the three relay stations 101, even if the switch 12 is opened and closed, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave that can generate the reflected wave modulated by the three relay station antennas 18 by the action of the relay station band pass filter 30 having different pass bands. (F1, f2, f3) are different from each other. Therefore, considering only the communication path, the state of the base station 100 and each relay station (101a, 101b, 101c) is equivalent to the state of a DDD communication system having one base station and one relay station.

  On the other hand, since the power supplied from the base station to each relay station is doubled by the type of electromagnetic wave frequency (f1, f2, f3) emitted by the base station, the power supplied equivalently to the relay station is reduced. As a result, the distance between the base station and the relay station in the DDD system can be increased, and as a result, the service area of the DDD communication system can be expanded.

  A tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. 9 is different from the embodiment of FIG. 9 in that the relay station 101 includes a relay station reception antenna 181 and a relay station transmission antenna 182 instead of including the relay station antenna 18, and the output of the relay station reception antenna 181 is the matching circuit 13. And the switch 12 is coupled to the relay station transmission antenna 182 via the relay station band-pass filter 30.

  In this embodiment, the receiving efficiency of the antenna 181 on the relay station side that receives the power of the transmission wave radiated from the base station 100 can be prevented from changing as the switch 12 is opened and closed. The efficiency of supplying power to each circuit in the relay station can be increased. As a result, the distance between the base station and the relay station in the DDD system can be increased, and as a result, the service area of the DDD fingering system can be expanded.

  An eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. 10 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 10 in that the base station 100 includes a base station transmission antenna 183 and a base station reception antenna 184 instead of including the base station antenna 8 and the directional coupler 64, and the output of the transmission circuit 61. Is transmitted from the base station transmission antenna 183, and the reception signal of the base station reception antenna 184 is distributed to a plurality of reception circuits 62 via band pass filters 63 (having different pass bands. The difference is that the transmitting antennas and receiving antennas (181, 182, 183, 184) of the station 100 and the relay station 101 are circularly polarized antennas having different turning directions.

  In this embodiment, since the orthogonality of the polarization can increase the isolation between the transmission antenna and the reception antenna of the base station and the relay station, compared with the embodiment of FIG. Invasion of unnecessary waves can be reduced, which is effective in improving the distortion characteristics and sensitivity of the base station and relay station.

  A twelfth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. 11 is different from the embodiment of FIG. 11 in that the first and second directional couplers 64, 67 have an isolation terminal resistance-terminated by a terminating resistor 66 at the feeding point of the base station transmitting antenna 183 and the base station receiving antenna 184. Is coupled to the transmission terminals of the first and second directional couplers 64 and 67, respectively, and the reception circuit 62 via the transmission circuit 61 or the band-pass filter 63 is coupled.

  According to the present embodiment, the base station 100 and the relay station 101 are provided as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 11 by providing the directional couplers 64 and 67 with the isolation terminal resistance-terminated by the termination resistor 66 at the feeding point. Since it is possible to further reduce the invasion of unnecessary waves into the circuit included in the base station, it is effective in improving the distortion characteristics and sensitivity of the base station and the relay station.

  A thirteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 10 is that a balanced relay station receiving antenna 185 is employed as a relay station transmitting antenna, and the relay station 101 includes a full-wave rectifier circuit 40 as a rectifier circuit. According to the present embodiment, the rectification efficiency of the rectifier circuit can be increased as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 10, and the efficiency of supplying the power of the transmission wave to each circuit in the relay station 101 can be increased. As a result, the distance between the base station and the relay station in the DDD system can be increased, and as a result, the service area of the DDD fingering system can be expanded.

  A fourteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 12 is that a balanced relay station receiving circularly polarized wave antenna 187 is employed as a relay station transmission antenna, and the relay station 101 includes a full-wave rectifier circuit 40 as a rectifier circuit. is there.

  According to the present embodiment, the rectification efficiency of the rectifier circuit can be increased as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 12, and the efficiency of supplying the power of the transmission wave to each circuit in the relay station 101 can be increased. As a result, the distance between the base station and the relay station in the DDD system can be increased, and as a result, the service area of the DDD fingering system can be expanded.

  A fifteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the configuration of the combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment. 11 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 11 in that a balanced relay station receiving circularly polarized antenna 187 is employed as a relay station transmitting antenna, and the relay station 101 includes a full-wave rectifier circuit 20 as a rectifier circuit. is there.

  According to the present embodiment, the rectification efficiency of the rectifier circuit can be increased as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 11, and the efficiency of supplying the power of the transmission wave to each circuit in the relay station 101 can be increased. As a result, the distance between the base station and the relay station in the DDD system can be increased, and as a result, the service area of the DDD fingering system can be expanded.

  A sixteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to this embodiment. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 13 is that a carrier wave generator 65 is used instead of the transmission circuit 61 provided in the base station 100. It is having. According to the present embodiment, the circuit configuration of the base station can be simplified as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 13, and it is effective in reducing the cost and size of the base station.

  A seventeenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a system configuration example when one base station 100, a plurality of sets of relay stations, and terminal stations exist in the guided / radiated field combined DDD communication system using any one of the embodiments described above. It is.

  In FIG. 17, there are three relay station / terminal station pairs (111-112, 121-122, 131-132), and the base station 100 needs to recognize each of them.

  The base station 100 includes an antenna 8, the relay stations 111, 121, and 131 include antennas 118, 128, and 138 and external induction coils 110, 120, and 130, respectively, and the corresponding terminal stations 112, 122, and 132 are external. Induction coils 150, 160 and 170 are provided.

  Each set of relay station and terminal station exchanges information with each other via induction electromagnetic fields 881, 882, 883, and the three relay stations exchange radiated electromagnetic fields 81 and 82 with one base station 100. To communicate. Each relay station transmits an on / off pattern of the changeover switch at different timings in time series in accordance with the contents of the internal memory.

With this configuration, it is possible to shift the transmission timing of scattered electromagnetic waves from the antennas 118, 128, and 138 in a certain period, and the base station 100 detects these timings, so that these three relay stations can be It becomes possible to identify. In FIG. 17, the spectrum of the electromagnetic field 81 radiated from the base station is indicated by fc, and the timing of the portion of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the three relay stations subjected to the modulation having specific information is shown. Time (t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ ) is shown in time series.

  According to the present embodiment, since the base station can identify a plurality of relay stations, there is an effect of increasing the communication capacity as a combined DDD communication system using induction and radiation fields.

  An eighteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration when one base station 100, one relay station 101, and a plurality of terminal stations exist in the guided / radiated field combined DDD communication system according to the present embodiment.

  In the example of FIG. 18, there are three terminal station sets (150-112, 160-122, 170-132), and the base station needs to recognize each. The base station 100 includes an antenna 8, the relay station 101 includes an antenna 18 and an external induction coil 110, and the terminal stations 112, 122, and 132 include external induction coils 150, 160, and 170, respectively.

The relay station 110 and the terminal station exchange information with each other via the induction electromagnetic field 88, and the relay station communicates with the base station 100 using the radiated electromagnetic fields 81 and 83. Each terminal station transmits an ON / OFF pattern of the changeover switch at different timings in time series according to the contents of the internal memory. In the figure, the spectrum of the electromagnetic field 81 radiated from the base station is indicated by fc, and the timing at which the three terminal stations exchange information with the relay station using the induction electromagnetic field 88 is Time (t _A , t _B , t _C ), and the timing of the portion of the electromagnetic wave 83 that is reflected by the relay station 101 and is again directed to the base station 100 and subjected to modulation having specific information is time-sequentially expressed as Time (t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ ).

  By doing so, it becomes possible to shift the communication timing of the high frequency power between the external induction coils 150, 160, 170 of the terminal station and the external induction coil 110 of the relay station in a certain period, and the base station determines the timing. By detecting, it becomes possible to identify these three terminal stations.

  According to the present embodiment, since one base station can identify a plurality of terminal stations, there is an effect of increasing the communication capacity as a combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields, as in the embodiment of FIG.

  A nineteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing one business model to which the combined DDD communication system for induction and radiation fields according to the present embodiment is applied. This example is a diagram illustrating a system configuration in which one base station, one relay station, and a plurality of terminal stations exist. In the example of FIG. 19, there are ten terminal stations 203, and the base station 201 needs to recognize each via one relay station 202.

  The base station 201 and the relay station 202 communicate with each other via a radiated electromagnetic field 208, and the relay station 202 communicates with a plurality of terminal stations 203 via an induction electromagnetic field 218. The base station 201 is placed outside and is portable. The relay station 202 is located in the upper part of the outer wall surface of the container 301 and can communicate with the base station 201 through line-of-sight communication. Each terminal station 203 is distributed and arranged so that the wall surface of the container 301 is equally divided in area.

  If any abnormality such as destruction, excision, or loss occurs on the wall surface of the container, at least one terminal station 203 disappears or stops functioning in response to the abnormality, and as a result, the terminal station and the relay station Communication with 202 is interrupted. By monitoring the change in the situation, the base station 201 can remotely detect the abnormality of the container, enable necessary management, and has an effect of preventing the theft, destruction, and alteration of the material inside the container.

  A twentieth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing one business model in which the induction / radiation field combined DDD communication system according to the present embodiment is applied to a production line in a factory. This example has a system configuration in which a plurality of base stations, one relay station, and a plurality of terminal stations exist in pairs. One relay station forming a set and a plurality of terminals corresponding to the relay station can communicate with any of the plurality of base stations.

  In FIG. 20, there are a plurality of terminal stations 203, and the plurality of base stations 201 need to recognize each via one relay station 202. The base station 201 and the relay station 202 communicate with each other via a radiated electromagnetic field, and the relay station 202 communicates with a plurality of terminal stations 203 via an induced electromagnetic field. One base station 201 can rewrite the contents of the memory included in the terminal station 203 via the relay station 202 as necessary, and another base station can read the rewritten contents.

The base station 201 is placed at the entrance / exit of each area (Area A, Area B, Area C,... Area N) such as a plurality of rooms serving as the production line 311, and the position is fixed. Each base station 201 is connected to a server 314 via a wired network 316.
The server 314 integrates various equipment installed in the production line to perform appropriate processing on the workpiece based on information and commands related to production given by the worker and various feedback information from the production line. It has a remote control function for operation management.

  This production line includes at least one movable transport carrier (or caster), one relay station is installed for each transport carrier, and each of a plurality of transport containers mounted on the transport carrier includes: One terminal station 203 is installed for each. That is, a relay station 202 is installed below each carrier carrier 312, and the relay station 202 and each base station 201 can perform line-of-sight communication. Members processed in the production line are stored in a transport container (hereinafter referred to as a container) 313 such as a transport box or tray and transported by a transport carrier 312. Terminal stations 203 are distributed on the outer wall surface of each container 313.

  The distance between the base station 201 and the corresponding relay station 203 is configured to be longer than the distance between the relay station 203 and the terminal station 203 installed in the transport container. As an example, the base station and the relay station are each provided with an antenna having a length of 20 cm and communicate with radio waves having a frequency of 800 MHz within a range of about 10 m, and the relay station and the terminal station 102 are within a range of about several tens of centimeters. It is assumed that communication is performed using an induction electromagnetic field or electrostatic induction by a small coil or plate capacitor.

  The operator previously supplies information (part name, history, number, characteristics, etc.) necessary for the processing of the member to the terminal station 203 to be placed in the container 313 in which the member to be processed is stored. Data is written by using an external PC 317 having 318 and a writer 319.

  Subsequently, the operator moves the carrier 312 to any one area (for example, area A) in the direction of the arrow, and conveys the members inside the container 313 to the area. In one area (for example, area A), a predetermined process is performed on the members in the container 313, and the next container is used to proceed to the next area (for example, area B).

  The base station 201 rewrites the contents of the memory provided in the terminal station 203 in the container 313 containing the member via the relay station 202. The base station in the next area B can read the rewritten content. For example, when a predetermined processing is completed for a member in area A, if there is a change in processing conditions regarding processing in the next area B, the information is written in the memory, and the base station in the next area B The change of the condition is read, and a predetermined process is performed on the member. In this way, when moving from one area A to the next area B, the base station 201 detects the information on the container placed on the carrier 312 via the relay station 202 installed on the carrier 312. The data is transmitted to the server 314 via the wired network 316. In this way, the server can manage in real time which process (area) the member is in and what kind of processing state it is, and can instruct machining process changes as necessary.

  In the present embodiment, the terminal station 203 is not installed on the member itself to be processed, but is disposed in a container in which the member is stored. Therefore, the terminal station 203 is separated from the member when the member is processed. There is no need to consider dropping out. Accordingly, in this embodiment, it is difficult or undesirable to place the terminal station 203 directly on a member to be processed, such as processing and assembly of small parts of electrical equipment, food and wood to be cut, and many other fields. It can be applied to the manufacturing process. For example, the induction / radiation field combined DDD communication system in the present embodiment adopts the system of the first embodiment and adopts a relay station or terminal station that does not require a battery, so that it can be used in a low temperature environment such as frozen food. Processing and management can be easily performed even in a severe environment such as under or in an atmosphere affected by salt water in a harbor.

  In this embodiment, since an induction electromagnetic field is used for communication between the terminal station and a relay station installed in the vicinity thereof, a large-sized antenna is unnecessary, and even when the maximum size of the terminal station is limited, The distance to the final terminal that should communicate with the base station can be increased.

  In addition, the present embodiment can be applied not only to the member production line but also to the delivery of goods and the distribution line.

  As a result, inventory adjustment and detailed understanding of the amount of product that can be supplied to customers are possible, which is effective in reducing the distribution cost and procurement cost of industrial products.

  Furthermore, by adopting a relay station or terminal station that does not require a battery, it is possible to construct a system that does not require a battery and can be operated remotely, which is also effective from the viewpoint of environmental protection.

  A twenty-first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing one business model in which the combined DDD communication system for induced and radiated fields according to the present embodiment is applied to a store that sells expensive products. This example has a system configuration in which one base station, a plurality of relay stations, and a plurality of terminal stations exist. The computer of the base station uses the information about the product given by the administrator, the command, the information about the sale of the product from the store, and the return information about the product monitoring in the store, and the various products displayed in the store. It has a remote control function to monitor movement and presence.

  In FIG. 21, there are six relay stations 202 in the store, and one base station 201 recognizes information of six terminal stations 203 corresponding to individual relay stations via each relay station 202. There is a need. The base station 201 communicates with the relay station 202 via the radiated electromagnetic field 208, and the plurality of relay stations 202 communicate with the corresponding terminal stations 203 via the induction electromagnetic field 218. The case (container) 321 corresponds to a display stand for clothing items, and the relay station is arranged on the bottom surface of the case 321, and this case is arranged above the display stand 324. In addition, the case stores a corresponding high-priced product 323 (assuming a necklace in the figure), a price tag 322 is connected to the product 323, and a terminal station 203 is installed in the price tag. Yes. The base station 201 is fixed on a wall surface, ceiling or floor near the store entrance.

  When the product is taken out from the case, the terminal station 203 disappears, and as a result, communication with the relay station 202 is interrupted. By monitoring the change in this situation, the base station 201 confirms the presence / absence of the corresponding product based on the examination status of the product by the customer, collation with information related to the sale of the product, long-time communication disconnection information, etc. Loss / theft can be detected.

  Similarly, a container may be used to display merchandise in a store, and a relay station may be installed in the container. In this case, a terminal station shall be installed in the tag attached to the individual goods inside this container.

  According to the present embodiment, there are effects of reducing the time for the inspection of goods of expensive products at the time of opening and closing the store and reducing profit loss by preventing theft at the time of business.

  In addition, each embodiment of the present invention can be applied not only to monitoring high-priced products in a store, but also to monitoring articles such as artworks in buildings and products stored in containers.

  For example, in a combined DDD communication system for guided and radiated fields, a base station is configured as a movable scanner, one relay station has a plurality of terminal stations, and each terminal station and the relay station communicate with each other. The sending timings are different from each other. The relay station is installed in a part of a container that stores articles, and the terminal station is installed in the center of each area in which each side of the container is equally divided. A base station connected to the network performs radio communication with a plurality of relay stations, and the relay station reads an identification number written in a memory held by a single or a plurality of terminal stations and notifies the base station. By monitoring the inside of the container while the base station moves and monitoring the change in the communication status of each area, it is possible to monitor the articles in the container.

  In addition, the distance between the base station 201, the relay station 202, and the terminal station 203 in each of the above embodiments is a distance in the basic system configuration to the last, and in a system in which the relay station 202 and the terminal station 203 can move, In operation, it is not excluded that the base station and the relay station are temporarily closer to each other than the relay station and the terminal station, and the distance relationship is temporarily lost. For example, it is natural that the relationship between the distances may not be maintained in a state in which a product with a tag is taken out from a container provided with a relay station and explained to a customer.

  Moreover, although each said Example demonstrated as a DDD communication system combined with induction | guidance | derivation and a radiation field, this invention is not limited to this, A two-way communication is performed among a base station, a relay station, and a terminal station. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied to all wireless communication systems.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes a 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time chart of electromagnetic waves which the base station in a 1st Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows an example of the flowchart which shows the outline | summary of the process in the base station in a 1st Example, a relay station, and a terminal station. It is a figure which shows the other example of the time chart of the electromagnetic waves which the base station in a 1st Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 2nd Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time chart of the electromagnetic waves which the base station in a 2nd Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 3rd Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time chart of electromagnetic waves which the base station in a 3rd Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 4th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time chart of the electromagnetic waves which the base station in 4th Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 5th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time chart of electromagnetic waves which the base station in a 5th Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows the other example of the time chart of the electromagnetic waves which the base station in the 5th Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 6th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time chart of electromagnetic waves which the base station in a 6th Example, a relay station, and a terminal station radiate | emit. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 7th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 8th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 9th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 10th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 11th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 12th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 13th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 14th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the DDD communication system combined with the induction | guidance | derivation and radiation field which becomes a 15th Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system which becomes the 16th Example of this invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration when there is one base station, a plurality of sets of relay stations, and a terminal station in a guided / radiated field combined DDD communication system using any of the embodiments of the present invention. is there. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration when there is one base station, a plurality of sets of relay stations, and a terminal station in a guided / radiated field combined DDD communication system using any of the embodiments of the present invention. is there. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration when there is one base station, a plurality of sets of relay stations, and a terminal station in a guided / radiated field combined DDD communication system using any of the embodiments of the present invention. is there. It is a figure which shows one business model with which the DDD communication system combined with the induction | guidance | derivation and radiation field using any of the said each Example of this invention was applied to the manufacturing line in a factory. It is a figure which shows one business model where the induction / radiation field combined use DDD communication system using any one of the respective embodiments of the present invention was applied to a store selling high-priced products. It is a figure which shows the problem which the conventional radio | wireless communications system should solve.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transmission circuit, 2 ... Reception circuit, 3 ... Circulator, 4 ... Carrier wave generation circuit,
5 ... switch, 6 ... microprocessor, 8 ... base station antenna,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... External induction coil, 11 ... Parallel / serial converter, 12 ... Switch, 13 ... Matching circuit, 14 ... Rectifier circuit, 15 ... Smoothing circuit, 16 ... Microprocessor, 17 ... Memory, 18 ... Relay station antenna, 19 ... Oscillator circuit 20 ... external induction coil 21 ... parallel / serial converter 22 ... switch 23 ... matching circuit 24 ... rectifier circuit 25 ... smoothing circuit 26 ... microprocessor 27 ... sub memory 29 ... oscillator circuit , 30 ... Relay station band pass filter, 31 ... Band pass filter, 32 ... Band rejection filter, 34 ... Modulator, 40 ... Full wave rectifier circuit, 61 ... Transmitter circuit, 62 ... Receiver circuit, 63 ... Base station Band pass filter, 64 ... circulator, 65 ... carrier generator, 66 ... termination resistor, 80 ... base station circularly polarized antenna, 81 ... carrier wave (radiated electromagnetic field), 2 ... reflected wave (radiated electromagnetic field), 83 ... radiated electromagnetic field, 88 ... induction electromagnetic field, 100 ... base station, 101 ... relay station, 102 ... terminal station, 110 ... first relay station external induction coil, 111 ... 1st relay station, 112 ... 1st terminal station, 118 ... 1st relay station antenna, 121 ... 2nd relay station, 122 ... 2nd terminal station, 128 ... 2nd relay station antenna, 131 ... Third relay station, 132 ... third terminal station, 138 ... third relay station antenna, 120 ... second relay station external induction coil, 130 ... third relay station external induction coil, 150 ... first Terminal station external induction coil, 160 ... third terminal station external induction coil, 170 ... third terminal station external induction coil, 180 ... relay station circular polarization antenna, 181 ... relay station receive antenna, 182 ... relay station transmit antenna 183: Base station transmitting circularly polarized antenna 184: Base station receiving circularly polarized antenna, 185 ... Balanced base station circularly polarized antenna, 187 ... Balanced base station receiving circularly polarized antenna, 201 ... Base station, 202 ... Relay station, 203 ... Terminal station, 208 Radiated electromagnetic field, 218 ... induction electromagnetic field, 301 ... container, 311 ... production line, 312 ... carrier, 313 ... box / container, 314 ... server, 316 ... wired network, 317 ... external PC, 318 ... man-machine interface, 319 ... Writer, 321 ... Container (case), 322 ... Price tag, 323 ... Expensive product, 324 ... Display stand, Time (t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ ) ... Multiple relay station communication timing, Time (t _A , t _B , t _C ) ... Multi-terminal station communication timing.

Claims (20)

Consists of base station, relay station and terminal station,
The distance between the base station and the relay station is configured to be longer than the distance between the relay station and the terminal station,
Wherein between the base station and the relay station communicates with the first radio wave, between the terminal station and the relay station comprises is configured to communicate with a second radio, the first radio Is higher than the frequency of the second radio wave,
The relay station takes in energy from the first radio wave received from the base station and stores it as DC power supply power, and when the stored DC power supply voltage reaches a certain value, A function of generating a second radio wave and starting communication by the second radio wave between the relay station and the terminal station ;
The terminal station is configured to generate DC power from the second radio wave received from the relay station,
The wireless communication system, wherein a reception power of the relay station from the base station is larger than a transmission power from the relay station to the terminal station. In claim 1,
The base station has a function of duplexing a transmission wave and a reception wave,
A wireless communication system, wherein the relay station and the terminal station include a rectifier circuit for generating DC power as the power supply. In claim 1,
The base station has a function of duplexing a transmission wave and a reception wave,
A radio communication system, wherein a frequency of the first radio wave is higher than a frequency of the second radio wave. In claim 2,
The wireless communication system, wherein the first radio wave is turned on / off at a cycle longer than a cycle corresponding to the frequency of the first radio wave. In claim 1,
The relay station generates an AC signal having a frequency lower than the frequency of the first radio wave emitted from the base station as the second radio wave, and the relay station and the terminal station use the second radio wave. A wireless communication system characterized by performing communication. In claim 1,
The base station comprises a first transmission / reception antenna, a transmission circuit, a reception circuit, and a directional coupler for coupling any one of the transmission circuit and the reception circuit to the first transmission / reception antenna. A wireless communication system. In claim 1,
The relay station comprises a second transmitting / receiving antenna, a first matching circuit, a microprocessor, a first serial / parallel conversion circuit, and a first external induction coil,
The terminal station comprises a second external induction coil, a second matching circuit, a second serial / parallel conversion circuit, and a sub-memory;
The relay station is
A function of rectifying the received electromagnetic field energy in a rectifier circuit and storing the rectified output in a charging circuit in order to generate DC power as the power source power;
The microprocessor uses the stored energy to drive a transmitter to generate a clock frequency;
The microprocessor performs communication between the relay station and the terminal station via the first and second external induction coils, reads information stored in the sub-memory in the terminal station, and stores the information. A wireless communication system comprising a function of modulating a reflected wave of the first radio wave from the base station by opening and closing a switch coupled to the second transmitting / receiving antenna. Consists of base station, relay station and terminal station,
The distance between the base station and the relay station is configured to be longer than the distance between the relay station and the terminal station,
Communication between the base station and the relay station is mainly performed using a first radio wave in a radiation field, and a second radio wave mainly in an induction field or an electrostatic field is communicated between the relay station and the terminal station. Configured to communicate using, the frequency of the first radio wave is higher than the frequency of the second radio wave,
The relay station is configured to generate power from the first radio wave received from the base station and store it as power supply power,
The wireless communication system, wherein the terminal station is configured to generate power from the second radio wave received from the relay station. In claim 8,
The relay station generates an AC signal having a frequency lower than the frequency of the radiation field radiated from the base station, and the relay station, the terminal station, and an AC signal generated based on the AC signal of the low frequency A wireless communication system characterized by performing communication. In claim 8,
A radio communication system, wherein a plurality of the relay stations exist, and the frequency of the modulated signal of the radiation field transmitted from the base station to each relay station is different. In claim 8,
A wireless communication system, comprising a plurality of relay stations, wherein the transmission timings of the modulated signals in the radiation field transmitted by the relay stations are different from each other. In claim 8,
The relay station modulates the radiation field flying from the base station using a frequency lower than the frequency of the radiation field radiated from the base station, and reflects the reflected wave from the relay station to the base station. A wireless communication system. In claim 8,
The wireless communication system, wherein the base station includes a transmission / reception antenna, a transmission circuit, and a reception circuit, and the transmission circuit and the reception circuit are coupled to the transmission / reception antenna via a directional coupler. In claim 8,
The relay station comprises a transmission / reception antenna, a first matching circuit, a first rectifier circuit, a first switch, a filter, a first charging circuit, a first external induction coil,
The terminal station comprises a second external induction coil, a second matching circuit, a second rectifier circuit, a second switch, a second charging circuit, a microprocessor, a transmitter, and a memory;
In the relay station, the received electromagnetic field energy is guided to the first rectifier circuit, and the rectified output is stored in the first charging circuit as the power supply power, and
In the terminal station, the AC component of the stored energy is supplied to the microprocessor as the power supply by the second rectifier circuit and the second charging circuit via the first and second external dielectric coils. A function to be supplied; a function for the microprocessor to drive the oscillator to generate a clock frequency and to open and close the second switch according to the contents of the memory to form a new high-frequency signal; A function of transmitting to the relay station via the first and second external induction coils;
The relay station opens and closes the function of removing unnecessary high-frequency components from the new high-frequency signal transmitted from the terminal station via the filter and the first switch coupled to the transmission / reception antenna of the relay station. And a function of modulating the reflected wave of the radiation field from the base station by the antenna. In claim 8,
The base station is configured as a movable scanner, the relay station is installed in a part of a container, and the terminal station is installed in the center of each area where each side of the container is equally divided And a wireless communication system. Consists of base station, relay station and terminal station,
The distance between the base station and the relay station is configured to be longer than the distance between the relay station and the terminal station,
Communication of the relay station and the base station is carried out by the first radio using a linear or planar antennas, the communication of the terminal station and the relay station is carried out in a second radio wave have use a coil or a plate capacitor The frequency of the first radio wave is higher than the frequency of the second radio wave,
The relay station is configured to generate power from the first radio wave received from the base station by the plate antenna and store it as power supply power,
The wireless communication system, wherein the terminal station is configured to generate power from the second radio wave received from the relay station by the coil or the plate capacitor. In claim 16,
The wireless communication system, wherein the relay station has a smaller second antenna used for communication with the terminal station than a first antenna used for communication with the base station. In claim 16,
A wireless communication system, wherein the transmitting and receiving antennas of the base station and the relay station are circularly polarized antennas. In claim 16,
The base station is fixed to an indoor wall, in the vicinity of the entrance / exit, on the floor or ceiling, the relay station is affixed to a container for storing individual articles or goods or an exhibition stand for displaying them, and the terminal station is for the individual articles Alternatively, a wireless communication system characterized by being attached to a small tag attached to a product. In claim 16,
The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein the base station is installed on a wall near the entrance of a room, the relay station is installed on a movable caster, and the terminal station is installed on a container mounted on the caster.

Images