JP5011826B2 - Disposal of used home appliances - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of disassembling used products such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, televisions, etc., and processing them for reuse as separate members. It is related with the method of collect | recovering members as.

  As a technique for processing to recycle home appliances such as used refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, televisions, etc., conventionally, parts are removed from these home appliances and separated into parts, It was known to further separate what was crushed. That is, first, from the main body of the home appliances, take out the functional components that are connected to other parts inside the home appliances such as motors, compressors, heat exchangers, etc. mounted on them and exhibit performance as one lump, Moreover, parts, such as glass, are removed among the components which comprise household appliances. Next, there is known a method of crushing the remaining part including the housing of household appliances, and sorting and collecting iron, non-ferrous (copper and aluminum), plastic, etc. from the crushed pieces by combining magnetic force, eddy current, wind force, etc. ing.

  Also, among the parts removed from the main unit, the vegetable box of the refrigerator, the shelf, the lid of the washing machine, the washing tub, the casing of the air conditioner, the casing of the TV, etc. are resinous materials (plastics). After decomposition, separation and recovery for each type, these were separately crushed and finely divided.

  Examples of such conventional techniques include Japanese Patent No. 3206586 (see Patent Document 1), “Operational Performance and Impact of Home Appliance Recycling Facilities”, Dielectric / Insulating Materials Study Group (Environmentally Friendly Electrical and Electronic Materials and Systems). , Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, January 8, 2003, paper number DEI-03-3 (see Non-Patent Document 1). In these conventional technologies, parts such as motors and compressors or parts attached such as covers and drawers are taken out and disassembled from household appliances, and then the casing that could not be disassembled is put into a crusher and mechanically crushed. there were. In this case, the crushed material contains materials such as iron, copper, aluminum and plastic. Therefore, the crushed material was sorted by a mechanical sorting device using magnetic force, eddy current, wind force, etc., and collected for each material such as iron, copper, aluminum, plastic and the like. Further, in such a process, the first stage is manual disassembly up to the parts, the second stage is crushing by a machine, and the third stage is material selection.

Patent No. 3206586 (Registration date: July 6, 2005) "Operational results and impact of home appliance recycling facilities", Dielectric and Insulating Materials Study Group (Electrical and Electronic Materials and Systems for Environment), The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, January 8, 2003, paper number DEI-03-3

  In the above prior art, functional parts such as a disassembled casing, a motor, and a compressor are not finely disassembled for each material constituting them. In particular, since the housing is crushed as it is and becomes a crushed piece in which multiple materials are mixed, plastics made of iron, non-ferrous and multiple types of materials must be collected with high purity for each of these materials. I could not.

  In particular, in the refrigerator processing, a compressor, a vegetable box made of resin, a shelf board, and the like were removed, and the entire casing was put into a crusher and crushed. The refrigerator housing is made of a fluorocarbon or the like between a container called an outer box made of metal or resin on the outside and an inner box made of resin such as ABS, which is placed inside the outer box and is mounted with a container and a shelf board. A heat insulating member made of polyurethane resin foamed with a highly heat insulating gas is filled. In the conventional technology, such a casing is crushed with the above-mentioned configuration, and after the insulating material polyurethane pieces having a light specific gravity are sorted by wind force, the remaining residues of heavy iron, non-ferrous iron, and plastic are sequentially magnetized, A mechanical sorting device using eddy currents was used to collect materials. In the prior art, the entire case is crushed similarly for other items.

  This technique has the following problems. (1) Most of polyurethane, which is a heat insulating member having a small specific gravity, can be recovered, but a part is not recovered. (2) Since the outer box and the inner box having a large specific gravity are mixed by crushing, it is difficult to sort them with high purity. In order to solve such a problem, there has been a method in which a crushed piece is put in a water tank and a polypropylene crushed piece floating and a ABS crushed piece are sorted by specific gravity difference. However, this technique has a problem in that wastewater treatment facilities and wastewater treatment costs increase because water is used. In addition, there is a method of separating plastic pieces by type using static electricity as a method that does not use water, but including the former technique, small polyurethane lump, powder, metals (lead In other words, there is a problem that the purity of the material after separation and collection is lowered.

  Furthermore, in the conventional technique, harmful substances such as lead-containing materials, mercury-containing materials, asbestos, and combustible materials contained in the casing and parts cannot be removed in the crushing in the second stage. For example, if the motor and the compressor are crushed as they are, there is a problem that harmful substances contained in the motor and the compressor cannot be removed.

  The objective of this invention is providing the processing method of the used household appliances which can decompose | disassemble all a housing | casing, a motor, and a compressor, and can collect | recover materials of higher purity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating used household appliances with improved efficiency in removing harmful substances.

  The above object is a method for treating used home appliances that disassembles used home appliances including any one of a refrigerator, a washing machine, an air conditioner, and a television and takes out a reusable material. Formed by removing a part composed of a metal including copper or aluminum and arranged as a lump and a part of each kind made of plastic, and joining the metal part and the plastic part A process of sorting the casings of the household appliances into these plastic types or metals, and crushing each material obtained in this process to a size equal to or less than a predetermined value and collecting it as the material This is achieved by a processing method for home appliances.

  A step of separating a part that can be removed as a lump including a compressor of the refrigerator; a step of disassembling the separated compressor into parts and selecting each of the types of metals including iron, copper, and aluminum that constitute these parts; The refrigerator casing is disassembled into an outer metal plate member, an inner plastic plate member, and a resin heat insulating material filled between them and bonded to each other. The process of sorting into a member or a resin member, and crushing each of the metal member and the plastic member or resin member to a predetermined value or less and collecting them as reusable materials This is achieved by a processing method for home appliances.

  Furthermore, it is achieved by sorting and collecting the material obtained by crushing into a mixture of iron and copper and aluminum or plastics using a magnetic separator and / or an eddy current separator. Furthermore, the material obtained after the crushing is achieved by iron being 70 mm or less and plastics being 7 mm or less.

  Further, after cutting out the portions constituting each surface of the refrigerator casing, which is a box having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, an outer metal plate member and an inner plastic plate are cut out from the cut out portions. This is achieved by taking out and selecting a member and a resin heat insulating material between them or a refrigerant pipe embedded in the heat insulating material.

  In the present invention, after disassembling the parts or housing in the first stage, in the second stage, each material, such as iron, copper, aluminum, plastics, etc. contained in the housing or parts is sorted and collected for each type, At the same time, remove harmful substances such as lead-containing, mercury-containing, asbestos and flammables. Furthermore, in the third stage, each material collected separately is crushed. For this reason, not only the purity and quality of the recovered material are improved, but also harmful substances are removed at the same time, thereby preventing environmental pollution.

  Especially in refrigerators, the steel plate of the outer box, the inner ABS, and the polyurethane foamed with gas such as Freon between them can be collected individually, so that the high purity and high Quality iron, ABS and polyurethane can be obtained. However, when the above-mentioned decomposition is carried out manually, the peeled polyurethane lump contains chlorofluorocarbon. Therefore, the peeled polyurethane resin is incinerated to decompose chlorofluorocarbon, or crushed and finely chlorofluorocarbon. To dissipate the chlorofluorocarbon and recover the chlorofluorocarbon. This recovery method is performed with an activated carbon adsorption apparatus.

  The present invention has an effect of economically processing used home appliances, since the used home appliances are disassembled to increase the purity of each material and the transportation cost is reduced.

  The present invention has a configuration in which parts are disassembled in the first stage, sorted or removed for each material in the second stage, and crushed for each material in the third stage to be processed into a high quality and easy to carry shape. I have.

That is, in the first stage, components such as a motor, a compressor, a clutch, a heat exchanger, a fan, and an electronic circuit board are taken out from used home appliances to obtain the remaining casing. Here, the housing is a composite including metal and plastics. For example, a refrigerator housing, the material outside around the iron inside a box body made of a material around the ABS, during which the flow polyurethane resin foamed heat insulating gas such as emissions encapsulation Is filled. Between these boxes, a small amount of metal parts such as a power line, a ground line, a signal line, screws, screws, and a copper pipe are embedded and disposed in the polyurethane resin. For example, the power line, the ground line, and the signal line are made of a copper wire at the center, vinyl chloride on the outside, screws and screws for iron and stainless steel, and a copper tube for copper.

  On the other hand, the casing of the washing machine is composed of an iron outer box and a plastic lid member. Like the refrigerator, the outer box contains a small amount of power lines, ground lines, signal lines, screws, screws, etc. Metal parts are arranged. The casing of an air conditioner has a box and a cover made of metal or plastics, and each has fine parts of metal or plastic, like a refrigerator or a washing machine. TV casings are mainly made of plastics, but they are made of flame-retardant plastics and non-flame-retardant plastics, and metal parts such as screws and screws are inside the plastic casings. Embedded in. In addition, a metal or plastic net is used for a speaker integrated with the housing.

In the above, examples of various types of products have been described. In all cases, different types of materials are used for plastics. For example, some polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, Po polycarbonate, ABS, AS, etc. is. In addition, parts such as motors, compressors, clutches, heat exchangers, fans, electronic circuit boards, power cords, signal wires, and ground wires are composed of a plurality of fine parts such as iron, copper, aluminum, and plastics. . These also include harmful substances such as lead-containing materials, mercury-containing materials, asbestos, and combustible materials. A combustible material is a liquid derived from petroleum, a combustible metal, or the like.

In the second stage, the housing of home appliances obtained through the first stage is disassembled, sorted by material and collected. That is, the casing is separated and sorted into iron, copper, aluminum, and plastics. As a method for such decomposition and selection, it can be considered that the decomposition is performed by hand. For example, chisel, break down by hand using the drivers of any tool. Motor, compressor, clutch, heat exchangers, for the parts such as fans, just as, chisel, screened is decomposed by hand using drivers of any tool steel, copper, aluminum, and plastics It may be collected. In particular, the refrigerator is a polyurethane that is a heat insulating material filled between the inner and outer boxes by peeling off and separating the metal plate member such as iron in the outer box or the ABS plate member in the inner box. The resin is also peeled off and collected. This operation can also be performed manually using a tool. In the second stage, harmful substances such as lead-containing substances, mercury-containing substances, asbestos, and combustible substances are removed at the same time.

  In the third stage, members such as iron, copper, aluminum, plastics, etc., decomposed and sorted for each material in the second stage are put into a crusher and crushed, and the shape is below a specific size. Into pieces. The metals recovered up to the second stage are various and diverse, such as plate-shaped, rectangular, circular and tubular. Since such metallic materials are approximately 100 mm or more, they are crushed so as to be roughly crushed pieces of 100 mm or less by putting them in a crusher. However, parts with a shape of 300 mm or more (plates, etc.) are crushed by a crusher, but parts of 300 mm or less may be sold without being crushed.

Furthermore, plastics resulting polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, Po polycarbonate, ABS, type, etc. AS often. These are put into a crusher for each type of material and crushed to about 10 mm or less. The bulk specific gravity can be increased by crushing into small-sized member pieces as in the present invention, the amount that can be loaded on a transportation means such as a container or a truck bed can be increased, and transportation costs can be suppressed. it can. In particular, by crushing plastics to 10 mm or less, it can be used as a raw material for recycling without any additional crushing and processing steps in the subsequent stage. Further, in such a third stage, any of the recovered materials is improved in quality. In addition, the size after crushing is most preferably 70 mm or less for iron and 7 mm or less for plastics for reuse.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and in particular, shows a process for collecting a member of a specific material from household appliances such as a used refrigerator, a washing machine, an air conditioner, and a television. In this embodiment, if the process is enlarged, the first step 10 is a first step 10 in which functional parts that can be separated as a lump are taken out and separated from the housing, and the second step is a separated compressor, motor, etc. The second step 20 in which functional parts are disassembled and sorted into raw materials, and the third step as the third step is to reduce the size of each member that has been sorted and collected, thereby increasing the purity and quality. For the third step 30. Each step will be described below.

The first step 10 of the first stage will be described below. In this embodiment, a refrigerator, a washing machine, an air conditioner, and a television are illustrated as home appliances. Each of the first-stage processing procedure for disassembling these home appliances into parts is shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D and 4E are tables showing, as an example, parts to be removed and separated when disassembling home appliances and their order. These tables showing the disassembling procedure show an example of the order of operations in which the numbers described in the upper row of the left and right direction rows are disassembled and taken out. In addition, in the lower row, the names of parts to be worked corresponding to these sequential numbers are described. In this embodiment, removal of the parts in the working of this recovery, the cutter, the driver, pliers, the operator uses what tool hoop Ne done manually.

The refrigerator disassembly process 11 of FIG. 1 is demonstrated using Fig.4 (a). In the refrigerator decomposition step 11, the operator is recovered by separating the target component in the order shown in Figure 4 (a). For example, first, a capacitor and an electronic circuit board are removed from the back of the refrigerator, and copper wires such as a power cord, a signal line, and a ground line are cut and separated. Next, the packing which is mounted along the outer periphery of the door inside the door disposed on the front face of the refrigerator and seals the inside and outside of the refrigerator is removed and collected. Next, the glass, plastic or metal shelf is removed and collected. Next, a single type of container such as a plastic vegetable box is collected.

  Next, a refrigerant | coolant is collect | recovered from the copper pipe material into which the refrigerant | coolant used for the refrigerating cycle of a refrigerator flows. Since this refrigerant is contained as a liquid in the oil stored in the compressor of the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant is sucked and collected together with the oil, and both are separated and selected. The refrigerant containing oil is collected by, for example, inserting a needle into a copper tube through which the refrigerant circulates by a method called piercing. The remaining oil recovered from the refrigerant is also recovered. Next, the copper pipe which is a pipe line through which the refrigerant flows is cut and separated. In this state, the compressor is removed from the refrigerator main body or casing. Since oil remains in the compressor, it is removed from the inside where it is extracted. Further, if there is a sound absorbing material around the compressor housing in the refrigerator housing, the sound absorbing material is collected.

The washing machine disassembly process 12 will be described with reference to FIG. Also in the washing machine disassembling step 12, the operator removes and collects the target parts in the order indicated by the numbers in FIG. First, the upper lid attached to the upper part of the housing is removed. The upper lid is, for example, a single material plastic (polypropylene). Next, the capacitor and the electronic circuit board at the place where the upper cover is removed are separated, and further, copper wires such as a power cord, a signal line, and a ground line and the capacitor are removed. Furthermore, if there is a balancer (ring-shaped part at the top of the washing tub), salt water in this is also collected. This can be extracted by drilling a hole in the balancer. Since the balancer after the salt water is extracted is a single material plastic (polypropylene), it is removed. Next, remove the flange is fixed to the inner bottom of the washing tub, the washing tub has a double has stripped the inner tub, separated by decomposing the outer tub from the direction of the bottom. The plastic inner washing tub is collected after removing the metal part. The outer washing tub is separated and collected after removing the plastic bottom plate, removing the motor from the outside of the outer washing tub, removing the clutch, and removing the suspension bar fixing the outer washing tub. Finally, collect the housing (outer box). The casing is made of metal such as iron or plastics.

  The air conditioner disassembly process 13 will be described with reference to FIG. An operator removes or separates parts in the order shown in FIG. In FIG. 4C, an outdoor unit of an air conditioner will be described. The outdoor unit and the indoor unit are used by being connected by a copper pipe, but may be transported separately to a treatment plant. First, the copper pipe connection part of the outdoor unit is a brass valve. The refrigerant and oil are recovered from here. As a method of not pulling out the brass valve, a method called piercing is used like a refrigerator, and a needle is inserted into a conduit through which a refrigerant circulates and sucked. Next, the back cover of the outdoor unit casing is removed, and the outdoor unit fan is removed. Then remove the motor that rotates the fan. Since the back cover of the outdoor unit is made of plastic or metal such as iron, these are collected separately. Next, the electronic circuit board, capacitor, and transformer inside are collected, and copper wires such as a power cord, a signal line, and a ground line are cut and collected. Next, the heat exchanger disposed inside the casing of the outdoor unit is separated from the casing. Next, if a sound absorbing material is disposed in the housing, it is removed and the compressor is removed. Further, the copper pipe for circulating the refrigerant is cut and removed and collected. Also collect brass valves.

  To explain the air conditioner indoor unit (not shown), first remove the front cover. The front cover is mainly composed of a plastic (polypropylene) member. Next, the fan, the motor, and the heat exchanger are removed from the casing of the indoor unit.

  The TV disassembling process 14 will be described with reference to FIG. Also in this step, the operator disassembles in the order shown in FIG. The television of this embodiment is intended for a television using a cathode ray tube. The housing of the television is composed of a front part and a back part. First, the rear part of the housing is removed. The casing is generally made of plastic or wood. Plastics are crushed for each type.

  Next, the electronic circuit board in the housing is removed from the housing and separated. At this time, copper wires such as a power cord, a signal wire, and a ground wire are cut and separated and collected. Next, the deflection yoke behind the cathode ray tube is removed. Next, the demagnetizing coil is removed, and the sound absorbing material outside the cathode ray tube is removed. Further, the cathode ray tube is taken out from the front member of the casing, and the front casing is recovered. If a speaker is attached to the housing, remove it. In this way, the cathode ray tube is separated from the housing.

The process of processing the cathode ray tube 41 obtained in the television disassembling process 14 will be described with reference to FIG. In the CRT processing step 40 shown in this figure, first, the explosion-proof band attached around the outer periphery of the CRT 41 is removed using the explosion-proof band removing device 42. This explosion-proof band is a metal member and is recovered as iron 48 after this separation. After removing the explosion-proof band, the resin remaining on the surface of the cathode ray tube 41 is scraped off and removed (not shown). Further, the paper seal stretched on the surface of the cathode ray tube 41 is removed (not shown). Further, the electron gun 49 attached behind the cathode ray tube 41 is removed, and the electron gun 49 is recovered as a part. Next, in order to divide the cathode ray tube 43 without the electron gun 49 into the front glass (panel glass) 46 and the rear glass (funnel glass) 45 using the glass divider 44, the boundary between the two glasses is heated and heated. After adding, separate them. In the present embodiment, the worker applies a nichrome wire to the boundary or the vicinity thereof and heats it to strike the boundary with a pinch to separate the front glass 46 and the rear glass 45. A metal shadow mask 47 is collected from the cathode ray tube 43, and the aluminum vapor deposition powder on the inner surface of the front glass 46 is removed (not shown). In order to align the shape of each glass member obtained by collection to approximately 100 mm or less, the glass is crushed by a machine or by manual work, and the front glass 46 and the rear glass 45 are individually attached to these surfaces. Mechanically remove materials other than the glass.

  Next, referring to FIG. 1, the parts obtained in the first stage are decomposed into the second process 20 in the second stage, and these materials (iron, copper obtained in the second process 20 as the third stage). , Aluminum, plastics, etc.) and the third step 30 for refining the size and increasing the purity and quality will be described.

  In FIG. 1, the refrigerator material selection process 21 will be described. In this process, parts to be decomposed up to the raw material are a compressor, a casing, a vegetable box, a shelf board, an egg case, and the like. First, the second stage process for disassembling the compressor (parts) into materials will be described. The outer casing of the compressor is cut using a mechanical cutter, a plasma fusing device or the like. The material of the casing is generally iron, and the casing is recovered as it is or with a smaller shape using a crusher. In the casing, a core of an electric motor that rotates and rotates a compression unit that compresses the refrigerant is arranged, and this core is constituted by a copper winding, a silicon steel plate, or the like. The core is disassembled and sorted into copper, silicon steel plate and the like. Both of these can be sold as raw materials.

The refrigerator material decomposition step, which is the second step of disassembling the parts including the refrigerator casing into the material, will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, in this step, the operator disassembles corresponding parts along the order of the numbers shown in FIG. A refrigerator is configured by joining or mounting parts having different shapes to a casing made of metals or plastics. Moreover, the housing of the refrigerator usually has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped box shape, and is configured to be able to store stored items to be refrigerated or frozen in a space inside the box. In addition, this housing has a metal box (outer box) constituting the outer side and a plastic box (inner box) arranged with a predetermined gap inside and a gap between them. In this embodiment, the outer box and the inner box are joined substantially integrally with the heat insulating material. A portion of the surface of the box is cut out from the housing with a cutter for each surface of the shaped housing. A member for each cut surface has a substantially plate shape, and a plate member made of metal such as iron is disposed on the outside of the housing, and a plate member made of resin such as ABS is disposed on the inside of the housing. Any one of these is peeled off from the plate-shaped casing portion, and polyurethane, which is an internal heat insulating material, is peeled off from the outer or inner plate member and selected. In addition, a copper pipe, which is a pipe line through which the refrigerant circulates, is disposed between the inner and outer plate members, and is separated from the plate member for selection. In this step, the parts constituting the casing are selected and collected for each type of material such as iron, copper, ABS, polyurethane and the like.

A third process 30 that is a third stage of processing for crushing the collected material for each type to achieve high purity and high quality will be described with reference to FIG. In the third step 30, the metals 311, 321, 331, such as iron, copper, and aluminum obtained by sorting for each type of household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, and televisions through the second step 20. and 341, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, Po polycarbonate, ABS, collected and plastics 312, 322, 332, 342, such as aS for each material, metals 311,321,331,341 in metals crusher 350 The plastics 312, 322, 332 and 342 are crushed by a plastic crusher 360.

Since iron obtained by decomposing these home appliances such sorting, copper, metals such aluminum is a plate-shaped large, by crushing with metals crusher 350, aligned the shape of less than about 100mm size obtaining metals 3 501 is crushed pieces. As a result, the bulk specific gravity (weight per volume) is increased, and the transportation cost for transporting for further processing can be kept low. Also, the copper tube without fracturing may be aligned shape than 100mm by crushing an iron Similarly metals crusher 350. In this case, it is possible similarly to the iron or aluminum obtaining metals 3 501 is a metal fragments.

Although ABS refrigerator housing side immediately after sorted disassembled from the housing and has a plate-like shape, a flake pulverized pieces of the following particle size 10mm by crushing placed in plastics crusher 360 can do. In this way, plastics 3 502 can be obtained. In this embodiment, plastics crusher 360 uses a crusher capable of crushing an object to be crushed to the size smaller than the 10 mm. The reason why the plastics are crushed more finely than metals such as iron is 10 mm or less so that the bulk specific gravity can be increased and the transportation cost can be kept low, or these can be regenerated into ABS pellets again. This is because it can be easily dissolved. In addition, ABS which is this flake-shaped crushing piece is also utilized in order to make another product.

It has been found by the inventors that the size of the peeled piece of the heat insulating material such as polyurethane obtained by peeling off the casing in the casing disassembling step of the refrigerator is usually 100 mm or less. Such polyurethane exfoliation pieces are incinerated or fueled in order to decompose the heat insulating gas such as chlorofluorocarbon contained therein at a high temperature, or are pulverized to dissipate the heat insulating gas contained therein and collect it. In this embodiment, the peel piece is pulverized to about 3 mm or less, preferably 0.3 mm or less, and the heat insulating gas contained therein is diffused from the peel piece to recover the heat insulating gas. The more finely pulverized, the more heat insulating gas can be recovered. Since the diffused adiabatic gas is usually low in concentration, it is adsorbed by an adsorption device using activated carbon or the like, desorbed again, and collected.

Plastics made of vegetable boxes, egg cases, shelf board, vegetable boxes are recovered material, egg cases, attracted only shelves, by introducing each separately plastics crusher 360 of about 10mm or less size Crush until. The material of the vegetable box is, for example, polypropylene, and the egg case is a plastic called GPPS. Many of these members are transparent or semi-transparent, and only parts made of such transparent members are selected and collected, and, like a vegetable box, are crushed to a size of about 10 mm or less by a crusher. Moreover, the shelf board is mainly comprised with the plastic called AS. Only AS is selected and collected, and is crushed into a shape of about 10 mm or less by a crusher like a vegetable box. By crushing such plastics, plastics 3 502 which is a crushed piece can be obtained. Both can be used as RuHara fee be produced by molding a different product consisting of plastics. The electronic circuit board separated and recovered in the first and second steps may contain harmful substances. These need to be separated and recovered.

  Next, the washing machine material selection process 22 which is the second process 20 of the second stage of disassembling the parts decomposed in the washing machine disassembly process 12 for the washing machine, and the decomposed products (iron, The third step 30 for crushing and refining (copper, aluminum, plastics) and increasing the purity or quality will be described.

In the second step 20 of the second stage of disassembling the motor (parts) into the raw material, the outer casing is manually disassembled as in the refrigerator raw material selection step 21. A core formed of a copper winding, a silicon steel plate, or the like in the casing is separated into copper and a silicon steel plate for selection. In addition, the clutch is similarly disassembled and sorted and collected for each metal material. Examples of the plastics constituting the washing machine include a washing machine casing (outer box), an upper lid, a bottom plate, and a washing tub. Generally, in a washing machine, there are many polypropylene materials, and these are collected separately. Further, a washing machine casing (outer box) mainly made of metal such as iron is obtained. The housing is crushed to a third step 30 metals crusher 350 is turned by the following size 100mm in the subsequent. Similarly, the suspension bar is similarly crushed to a size of 100 mm or less, and as a result, metals 3501 are obtained. The electronic circuit board may contain harmful substances. These are separated and recovered.

  As the second step 20, an air conditioner material sorting step 23 for sorting and collecting the parts obtained in the first step as a decomposed material (iron, copper, aluminum, plastics) divided for each material, and the obtained decomposed product The third step of the third step for refinement, high purity, and high quality will be described. The air conditioner has an indoor unit and an outdoor unit.

The compressor breaks down into raw materials in the same way as a refrigerator. That is, the casing outside the compressor is cut with a mechanical cutter or a plasma fusing device. Iron casing, accept sell, or sell to reduce the further shape metals crusher 350. The core in the casing is composed of copper windings and silicon steel plates, which are separated into copper and silicon steel plates. Also, copper pipes that are refrigerant pipes that supply and circulate refrigerant from the compressor may be separated and sorted and then sold, or may be crushed once by a metal crusher 350 and sold in a uniform shape. . In addition, the heat exchanger is usually composed of a copper tube and a thin aluminum plate, and some iron parts are also used. These are separated and sorted for each type of metal.

Moreover, the fan is comprised from the blade | wing and the motor which rotationally drives this. These are separated, and the motor is disassembled and selected in the process described in the case of the washing machine. Since blades are usually plastic or iron, after sorting them, and put each plastics crusher 360 or metals crusher 350 for crushing to a specific shape in the third step 30. For example, plastics are aligned to a size of 10 mm or less, and metals are crushed to a size of 100 mm or less. The electronic circuit board may contain harmful substances. These are separated and recovered.

As the second step 20, the TV material sorting step 24 that disassembles the parts obtained in the first step into materials and sorts them from the materials, and the decomposition products (iron, copper, aluminum, plastics) divided for each material. The third process 30 in the third stage for refinement and high purity or high quality will be described. The outer casing (box) of the television is usually made of a flame retardant plastic and a non-flame retardant plastic, or a composite of both. After separating the casing, in the third step 30, both or individually are put into the plastic crusher 360 and crushed so that the shape is equal to or smaller than 10 mm. Further, the isolated explosion proof band crushing the shapes are put into metals crusher 350 to less than a size of 100mm in the third step. The deflection yoke is a composite of copper, iron, and plastic, and the electron gun is a composite of fine parts such as metal and glass. These are separated and sorted for each material by the operator in the television material sorting step 24. Since the size after decomposition is usually as small as 100 mm or less, it is not necessary to crush, but it may be crushed. The electronic circuit board may contain harmful substances. These are separated and recovered.

A modification of the third stage will be described with reference to FIG. In this modification, on the downstream metals crusher 350 of the third step 30 shown in FIG. 1, the vibrating conveyor 351, magnetic separator 3521 or eddy current separator 3531 is installed. In this modified example, in which dust fragments and around the dust collector at the same time conveying the crushed pieces obtained from metals crusher 350 obtain been sucked dust 3541 by vibrating conveyor 351.

The material obtained in the first stage or the second stage may not necessarily be completely decomposed to a single material. In this case, first, sorting fragments conveyed on the vibrating conveyor 351 by magnetic separator 3521 that is disposed on the downstream side of the metals crusher 350 and iron fragments and non-ferrous debris . Next, the crushed pieces from which the crushed pieces made of iron are separated are further conveyed to the downstream side by the vibrating conveyor 351 and the like, and then introduced into the eddy current sorter 3531 to sort out a copper and aluminum mixture 3503 from the crushed pieces. These are recovered. Thus, after the copper, aluminum, or a mixture thereof is fractionated in the eddy current sorter 3531, the residue exiting from the outlet is mainly small plastics 3502. Similarly, turning on the plastics on the downstream of the crusher 360 by installing magnetic separator 3522 or eddy current separator 3532 obtained from plastics crusher 360 fragments in that order. The iron crushed pieces separated by the magnetic separator 3521 are mixed with the iron crushed pieces separated by the magnetic separator 3522 and recovered as iron pieces 3504. Further, the collected sorted in the eddy current separator 3532 by plastics mixture fractionated copper and aluminum from fragments of 3503 and plastics pieces 3502.

This variant, iron, copper, aluminum, when a composite comprising plastics worker to decompose too time consuming, automatically in the wake of metals crusher 350 and plastics crusher 360 It is possible to sort and collect, and there is an effect of shortening the working time, improving the processing efficiency and reducing the cost. That is, there is an effect that the material recovery can be further improved in quality and purity as compared with the embodiment of FIG.

The above examples are refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, there is shown a technique for recovering the high purity of the material as an example TV, this technique is applicable other electronic, in electrical products. Electronic, electrical metal and products, plastics, is a device constituted by an electronic circuit. For example, household appliances such as vacuum cleaners, microwave ovens, plasma televisions, liquid crystal televisions, electric fans, personal computers, CRTs, servers, non-stop power supplies, hub equipment and other IT equipment, copiers, facsimiles and other office equipment, electrocardiograms , Medical equipment such as ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and NMR equipment, various chromatographic analyzers, optical measuring equipment, measuring equipment such as flowmeters, weigh scales, voltmeters and ammeters, electric motors such as lawnmowers and electric drivers tools, control computer, power panels, control panels, relay board, regulator, industrial electrical products such as thermostats, electronic toys, such as an electronic game machines, audio equipment, such as a music CD player and speakers, drinking water, etc. High-purity materials can be collected by efficiently disassembling all used vending machines and the like for each material.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the Example of the processing method of used household appliances. It is a figure which shows the flow of a process of a cathode ray tube. It is a figure which shows the outline of the modification of the processing method of used household appliances. (A)-(e) is a figure which shows the outline of the procedure which decomposes | disassembles the raw material of a refrigerator, a washing machine, an air-conditioner, a television, and a refrigerator housing | casing, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... First step, 20 ... Second step, 30 ... third step, 350 ... metals crusher, 360 ... plastics crusher.

Claims (1)

A method for disposing used home appliances including any one of a refrigerator, a washing machine, an air conditioner, and a television, and taking out materials for each type that can be reused.
A step of removing metal parts and plastic parts made of metals including any of iron, copper, and aluminum and arranged as a lump from the household appliances;
A step of manually sorting the housings of the home appliances formed by joining the metal parts and the plastic parts into metals or plastics for each material;
Each of the materials obtained in this step was mechanically crushed to each type in the following size given value possess a step of recovering as the reusable materials,
Using at least one of a magnetic separator or eddy current separator, the material obtained by crushing is sorted and collected for each type of iron and a mixture of copper and aluminum or plastic,
The processing method of used household appliances whose size of the material obtained by crushing is 70 mm or less for iron and 7 mm or less for plastics .

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