JP4973034B2 - Polarimetry SAR image processing method and apparatus - Google Patents
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本発明はポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法及び装置に関し、特にポラリメトリＳＡＲ（Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ Ａｐｅｒｔｕｒｅ Ｒａｄａｒ：合成開口レーダ）によってフルポラリメトリデータを取得した場合、鮮明度を高めた画像を得ることができるポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an image processing method and apparatus for polarimetry SAR, and more particularly, an image of polarimetry SAR that can obtain an image with improved sharpness when full polarimetry data is acquired by polarimetry SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar). The present invention relates to a processing method and apparatus.
人工衛星や航空機等の飛翔体を利用したリモートセンシングの分野では、地表の状態を撮像するためのセンサとして、マイクロ波帯を用いたＳＡＲが使用されている。 In the field of remote sensing using flying objects such as artificial satellites and aircraft, SAR using a microwave band is used as a sensor for imaging the state of the ground surface.
ＳＡＲを使用した地表状態の判読方法は、ＳＡＲによって得られた受信波の振幅及び位相のデータ（複素データ）から画像データを再生し、地表の状態を判読するものである。 The surface state interpretation method using SAR is to reproduce image data from amplitude and phase data (complex data) of received waves obtained by SAR, and to interpret the surface state.
ポラリメトリＳＡＲでは、偏波面がＨ（水平）、Ｖ（垂直）の２種類のマイクロ波を交互に切替えて送信し、それぞれの反射波のＨ成分、Ｖ成分を受信することによって、フルポラリメトリデータ［合計４つの偏波（ＨＨ，ＨＶ，ＶＨ，ＶＶ）に対応するデータ］を取得することができる（例えば、特許文献１，２参照）。フルポラリメトリデータを使用した従来の判読方法は、これら４種類の複素データから画像をそれぞれ再生し、地表の状態を判読している。 In polarimetry SAR, two types of microwaves whose polarization planes are H (horizontal) and V (vertical) are alternately switched and transmitted, and the H and V components of each reflected wave are received. [Data corresponding to a total of four polarizations (HH, HV, VH, VV)] can be acquired (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). The conventional interpretation method using full polarimetry data reproduces an image from each of these four types of complex data and interprets the state of the ground surface.
一般に、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度と、ターゲットの形状との組合せによっては、ＳＡＲ画像にターゲットが映り難い場合がある。図４を参照すると、金属格子に垂直偏波と水平偏波を当てた場合、垂直偏波では大きな反射波が得られるが、水平偏波では金属格子を通り抜けてしまい、反射波が得られない。また、図５を参照すると、斜めの線状物体に入射した電界に対しては垂直成分と水平成分の反射波が発生するが、一方の成分の反射波しか受信できない場合、受信波の大きさがターゲットの傾きによって大きく変わってしまうことになる。 Generally, depending on the combination of the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave and the shape of the target, the target may not be reflected in the SAR image. Referring to FIG. 4, when vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves are applied to the metal grating, a large reflected wave is obtained with the vertically polarized waves, but the horizontally polarized wave passes through the metal grating and the reflected waves cannot be obtained. . In addition, referring to FIG. 5, the reflected wave of the vertical component and the horizontal component are generated for the electric field incident on the oblique linear object, but when only the reflected wave of one component can be received, the magnitude of the received wave Will greatly change depending on the inclination of the target.
すなわち、従来の技術では、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の傾きが固定されているため、ターゲットが鮮明に映る送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度によるＳＡＲ画像を必ずしも得ることができないという問題点がある。これは、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度がＳＡＲ装置の送信側及び受信側のアンテナ装置に依存して固定されるからである。 That is, in the conventional technique, since the inclination of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the reception wave is fixed, it is not always possible to obtain a SAR image based on the angle of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the reception wave where the target is clearly displayed. There is a point. This is because the polarization plane angles of the transmission wave and the reception wave are fixed depending on the antenna device on the transmission side and reception side of the SAR device.
そこで、本発明の目的は上記の問題点を解消し、ターゲットに応じて鮮明な画像を再生することができるポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法及び装置を提供することにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method and apparatus for polarimetry SAR that solves the above-described problems and can reproduce a clear image according to a target.
本発明によるポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法は、偏波面が水平及び垂直の２種類のマイクロ波を交互に切替えて送信し、それぞれの反射波の水平成分及び垂直成分を受信することでフルポラリメトリデータを取得するポラリメトリＳＡＲ（Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ Ａｐｅｒｔｕｒｅ Ｒａｄａｒ）に用いる画像処理方法であって、
前記フルポラリメトリデータを得た後にターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生している。
According to the polarimetry SAR image processing method of the present invention, two types of microwaves whose polarization planes are horizontal and vertical are alternately switched and transmitted, and the horizontal component and the vertical component of each reflected wave are received. An image processing method used for polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) for acquiring
After obtaining the full polarimetry data, an image is reproduced at the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave that most clearly reflects the target.
本発明によるポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理装置は、偏波面が水平及び垂直の２種類のマイクロ波を交互に切替えて送信し、それぞれの反射波の水平成分及び垂直成分を受信することでフルポラリメトリデータを取得するポラリメトリＳＡＲ（Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ Ａｐｅｒｔｕｒｅ Ｒａｄａｒ）の画像を処理する画像処理装置であって、
前記フルポラリメトリデータを得た後にターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生する手段を備えている。
The polarimetry SAR image processing apparatus according to the present invention transmits two kinds of microwaves whose polarization planes are horizontal and vertical alternately, and transmits the full polarimetry data by receiving the horizontal component and the vertical component of each reflected wave. An image processing apparatus that processes an image of a polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) that acquires
After obtaining the full polarimetry data, there is provided means for reproducing an image at the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave that most clearly reflects the target.
すなわち、本発明のポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法は、ポラリメトリＳＡＲ（Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ Ａｐｅｒｔｕｒｅ Ｒａｄａｒ：合成開口レーダ）によってフルポラリメトリデータを得た後に、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生し、鮮明な画像でターゲットを判読する機能を提供する。 That is, the polarimetry SAR image processing method of the present invention obtains the full polarimetry data by the polarimetry SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), and then the angles of the polarization planes of the transmitted wave and the received wave that show the target most clearly. Provides a function to play back images and read targets with clear images.
本発明のポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法では、ポラリメトリＳＡＲによって取得されるフルポラリメトリデータの複素データを用いて計算することによって、センサでは４偏波（ＨＨ，ＨＶ，ＶＨ，ＶＶ）のみを観測しているにもかかわらず、角度Ａの偏波面であるマイクロ波を送信し、かつ角度Ｂの偏波面である反射波を受信した際の複素データと等価のデータを得て、そのデータを用いて画像の再生処理をする。ここで、偏波面の角度Ａ，Ｂは任意の角度である。Ａ，Ｂを変化させることによって、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生して、ターゲットを判読する。 In the polarimetry SAR image processing method of the present invention, only four polarizations (HH, HV, VH, VV) are observed by the sensor by calculating using the complex data of the full polarimetry data acquired by the polarimetry SAR. In spite of this, data equivalent to the complex data when transmitting the microwave having the polarization plane of angle A and receiving the reflected wave having the polarization plane of angle B is obtained and used. Perform image playback processing. Here, the angles A and B of the polarization plane are arbitrary angles. By changing A and B, an image is reproduced at the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave that most clearly reflects the target, and the target is read.
これによって、本発明のポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法では、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度を任意に指定可能であるので、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す角度を指定することが可能となるため、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で、ターゲットを判読可能となる。図２を参照すると、ＨＶ偏波では認識できないターゲットに対して、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度を変えることによって、認識できるようになる。 Thus, in the polarimetry SAR image processing method of the present invention, the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave can be arbitrarily specified, and therefore, the angle at which the target is projected most clearly can be specified. The target can be read at the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave that most clearly reflects the target. Referring to FIG. 2, a target that cannot be recognized by HV polarization can be recognized by changing the angles of the polarization planes of the transmission wave and the reception wave.
本発明のポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法では、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度の変化によるターゲットの映り方の変化の仕方がターゲットの形状に依存しており、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度の変化によるターゲットの映り方の変化の仕方と、ターゲットの形状との対応が既知であるから、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度の変化によるターゲットの映り方の変化によって、ターゲットの形状を推測可能となる。図３には送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度を一致させ、０度から８０度まで１０度間隔で回転させた場合の画像を示しており、この時、左下のターゲットの映り方が変化していることから、このターゲットは線状物体であると推測される。 In the polarimetry SAR image processing method according to the present invention, the manner in which the appearance of the target changes due to the change in the angle of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the reception wave depends on the shape of the target, and the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the reception wave Since the correspondence between how the target image changes due to the change in the angle of the target and the shape of the target is known, the change in the target image due to the change in the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave The shape can be estimated. FIG. 3 shows an image when the planes of polarization of the transmitted wave and the received wave are matched and rotated at an interval of 10 degrees from 0 degrees to 80 degrees. At this time, the way the lower left target is reflected changes. Therefore, this target is presumed to be a linear object.
本発明は、上記のような構成及び動作とすることで、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で、ターゲットを判読できるという効果が得られる。 By adopting the above-described configuration and operation, the present invention can obtain an effect that the target can be read with the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave that most clearly reflects the target.
次に、本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明する。図１は本発明の一実施例によるポラリメトリＳＡＲ（Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ Ａｐｅｒｔｕｒｅ Ｒａｄａｒ：合成開口レーダ）及び画像処理装置の構成を示すブロック図である。図１において、本発明の一実施例によるポラリメトリＳＡＲはフルポラリメトリデータ（複素データ）を取得する装置であり、送信機１と、送信波切替スイッチ２と、サーキュレータ３，４と、アンテナ５，６と、受信機７，８と、データ処理部９，１０と、分離処理部１１，１２とから構成されている。また、本発明の一実施例による画像処理装置は、記憶装置１３と、偏波回転処理部１４と、画像再生処理部１５とから構成されている。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and an image processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a polarimetry SAR according to an embodiment of the present invention is a device for acquiring full polarimetry data (complex data), and includes a transmitter 1, a transmission wave changeover switch 2, circulators 3 and 4, an antenna 5, 6, receivers 7 and 8, data processing units 9 and 10, and separation processing units 11 and 12. The image processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a storage device 13, a polarization rotation processing unit 14, and an image reproduction processing unit 15.
ポラリメトリＳＡＲにおいては、１台の送信機１からの２つの送信波を送信波切替スイッチ２によってパルス繰り返し周波数毎に切替えて、２台のアンテナ５，６から交互に送信する（Ｈ偏波送信、Ｖ偏波送信）。 In the polarimetry SAR, two transmission waves from one transmitter 1 are switched for each pulse repetition frequency by the transmission wave changeover switch 2 and are alternately transmitted from the two antennas 5 and 6 (H polarization transmission, V polarization transmission).
また、ポラリメトリＳＡＲにおいては、その送信波を２つずつのアンテナ５，６及び受信機７，８で受信し、２つのデータ処理部９，１０でＳＡＲデータを記録し、２つの分離処理部１１，１２でそれぞれＨＨデータとＶＨデータとに分離するとともに、ＨＶデータとＶＶデータとに分離する。送信波及び受信波はサーキュレータ３，４によって振り分けられる。 In the polarimetry SAR, the transmission waves are received by the two antennas 5 and 6 and the receivers 7 and 8, and the SAR data is recorded by the two data processing units 9 and 10, and the two separation processing units 11 are recorded. , 12 are separated into HH data and VH data, respectively, and into HV data and VV data. The transmitted wave and the received wave are distributed by the circulators 3 and 4.
ポラリメトリＳＡＲが上記の処理によって取得したフルポラリメトリデータは記憶装置１３に記憶され、このフルポラリメトリデータを用いて偏波回転処理部１４によって偏波回転処理を行う。 The full polarimetry data acquired by the polarimetry SAR by the above processing is stored in the storage device 13, and the polarization rotation processing unit 14 performs polarization rotation processing using the full polarimetry data.
この偏波回転処理では、
送信波の偏波面の角度Ａ、受信波の偏波面の角度Ｂの複素データ
＝ＳHHｃｏｓＡｃｏｓＢ＋ＳVVｓｉｎＡｓｉｎＢ
−ＳVHｃｏｓＡｓｉｎＢ−ＳHVｓｉｎＡｃｏｓＢ
という式によって、送信波の偏波面の角度Ａ、受信波の偏波面の角度Ｂのデータ（複素データ）を得る。ここで、ＳHH，ＳVV，ＳVH，ＳHVはそれぞれＨＨ，ＶＶ，ＨＶ，ＶＨに対応する受信データ（複素数）である。
In this polarization rotation process,
Complex data of angle A of polarization plane of transmission wave and angle B of polarization plane of reception wave = S HH cosAcosB + S VV sinAsinB
-S VH cosAsinB-S HV sinAcosB
The data (complex data) of the angle A of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the angle B of the polarization plane of the reception wave are obtained by the following equation. Here, S HH , S VV , S VH and S HV are received data (complex numbers) corresponding to HH, VV, HV and VH, respectively.
上記の偏波回転処理で得られたデータに対しては画像再生処理部１５によって画像再生処理が行われ、送信波の偏波面の角度Ａ、受信波の偏波面の角度Ｂのデータ（画像データ）が得られる。 The data obtained by the above polarization rotation processing is subjected to image reproduction processing by the image reproduction processing unit 15, and data of the angle A of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the angle B of the polarization plane of the reception wave (image data). ) Is obtained.
すなわち、本実施例によるポラリメトリＳＡＲの画像処理方法では、ポラリメトリＳＡＲによってフルポラリメトリデータを得た後に、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生し、鮮明な画像でターゲットを判読するようにしている。 That is, in the polarimetry SAR image processing method according to the present embodiment, after obtaining the full polarimetry data by the polarimetry SAR, the image is reproduced at the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave that most clearly reflects the target, and the image is clear. The target is read with the image.
本実施例では、ポラリメトリＳＡＲによって取得されるフルポラリメトリデータの複素データを用いて計算することによって、センサでは４偏波（ＨＨ，ＨＶ，ＶＨ，ＶＶ）のみを観測しているにもかかわらず、角度Ａの偏波面であるマイクロ波を送信し、かつ角度Ｂの偏波面である反射波を受信した際の複素データと等価のデータを得る。 In the present embodiment, calculation is performed using complex data of full polarimetry data acquired by polarimetry SAR, but the sensor observes only four polarizations (HH, HV, VH, VV). Then, a microwave equivalent to the plane of polarization of angle A is transmitted, and data equivalent to complex data when a reflected wave of the plane of polarization of angle B is received is obtained.
本実施例では、そのデータを用いて画像の再生処理を行う。ここで、偏波面の角度Ａ，Ｂは任意の角度である。本実施例では、偏波面の角度Ａ，Ｂを変化させることによって、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生し、ターゲットを判読する。 In this embodiment, image reproduction processing is performed using the data. Here, the angles A and B of the polarization plane are arbitrary angles. In this embodiment, by changing the angles A and B of the polarization plane, an image is reproduced with the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave that most clearly reflects the target, and the target is read.
このように、本実施例では、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度を任意に指定することができるので、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す角度を指定することが可能となり、ターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度でターゲットを判読することができる。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the angle of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the reception wave can be arbitrarily specified. Therefore, it is possible to specify the angle at which the target is projected most clearly, and the target is projected most clearly. The target can be read by the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted wave and the received wave.
図２を参照すると、ＨＶ偏波ではターゲットを認識できないのに対して、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度を変えることによって、ターゲット（建物状の物体）を認識することができるようになる。 Referring to FIG. 2, the target cannot be recognized by HV polarization, but the target (building-like object) can be recognized by changing the angle of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the reception wave. .
また、本実施例では、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度の変化によるターゲットの映り方の変化の仕方が、ターゲットの形状に依存しており、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度の変化によるターゲットの映り方の変化の仕方と、ターゲットの形状との対応が既知であるので、送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度の変化によるターゲットの映り方の変化によって、ターゲットの形状を推測することができる。 Further, in this embodiment, the manner in which the target image changes due to the change in the polarization plane angle of the transmission wave and the reception wave depends on the shape of the target, and the angle of the polarization plane of the transmission wave and the reception wave Since the correspondence between how the target image changes due to the change and the target shape is known, the target shape is estimated by the change in the target image due to the change in the angle of the polarization plane of the transmitted and received waves. can do.
図３には送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度を一致させ、０度から８０度まで（０ｄｅｇ〜８０ｄｅｇ）、１０度間隔で回転させた画像を示している。この時、左下のターゲットの映り方が変化していることから、このターゲットは線状物体であると推測される。 FIG. 3 shows an image in which the angles of the polarization planes of the transmission wave and the reception wave are matched and rotated at an interval of 10 degrees from 0 degree to 80 degrees (0 deg to 80 deg). At this time, since the way the lower left target is reflected changes, it is estimated that this target is a linear object.
１ 送信機
２ 送信波切替スイッチ
３，４ サーキュレータ
５，６ アンテナ
７，８ 受信機
９，１０ データ処理部
１１，１２ 分離処理部
１３ 記憶装置
１４ 偏波回転処理部
１５ 画像再生処理部
1 Transmitter
2 Transmission wave changeover switch 3, 4 Circulator 5, 6 Antenna 7, 8 Receiver 9, 10 Data processing unit 11, 12 Separation processing unit 13 Storage device 14 Polarization rotation processing unit 15 Image reproduction processing unit
Claims (6)
前記フルポラリメトリデータを得た後にターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生することを特徴とする画像処理方法。 Polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) that obtains full polarimetric data by alternately transmitting and transmitting two types of microwaves whose polarization planes are horizontal and vertical, and receiving horizontal and vertical components of each reflected wave An image processing method to be used,
An image processing method, wherein after obtaining the full polarimetry data, an image is reproduced at an angle of a polarization plane of a transmission wave and a reception wave that most clearly reflects the target.
前記フルポラリメトリデータを得た後にターゲットを最も鮮明に映す送信波及び受信波の偏波面の角度で画像を再生する手段を有することを特徴とする画像処理装置。 Polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) for acquiring full polarimetric data by alternately transmitting and transmitting two types of microwaves whose polarization planes are horizontal and vertical, and receiving horizontal and vertical components of each reflected wave An image processing apparatus for processing an image,
An image processing apparatus, comprising: means for reproducing an image at an angle of a polarization plane of a transmission wave and a reception wave that most clearly reflects a target after obtaining the full polarimetry data.
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| JP6349937B2 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2018-07-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Fluctuation detection apparatus, fluctuation detection method, and fluctuation detection program |
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