JP4969094B2 - Thermal barrier coating member and production thereof, and gas turbine - Google Patents

Description

The invention, its production and excellent thermal barrier coating member in durability, and relates a gas turbine, in particular, to a structure of a ceramic layer used as a top coat for a thermal barrier coating member.

In recent years, increasing the thermal efficiency of thermal power generation has been studied as one of the energy saving measures. In order to improve the power generation efficiency of the power generation gas turbine, it is effective to raise the gas inlet temperature, and the temperature may be about 1500 ° C. in some cases. And in order to implement | achieve high temperature of an electric power generating apparatus in this way, it is necessary to comprise the stationary blade and moving blade which comprise a gas turbine, or the wall material of a combustor with a heat-resistant member. However, although the material of the turbine blade is a refractory metal, it still cannot withstand such a high temperature. thermal barrier coating formed by laminating a ceramic layer composed of (TBC, TBC) has been carried out to protect from high temperatures to form the material of the ZrO ₂ as its ceramic layer, in particular with Y ₂ O ₃ YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia), a partially stabilized or fully stabilized ZrO ₂ , is often used because of its relatively low thermal conductivity and relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion among ceramic materials. Yes.

  However, when a turbine blade or stationary blade of a gas turbine is coated with a thermal barrier coating material having a ceramic layer made of YSZ, the inlet temperature of the turbine rises to a temperature exceeding 1500 ° C. depending on the type of gas turbine. However, when operated at such a high temperature, a part of the ceramic layer may be peeled off during operation of the gas turbine under severe operating conditions, and heat resistance may be impaired. Further, in recent years, it is considered that the turbine inlet temperature reaches 1700 ° C. in order to further improve the efficiency, and the surface temperature of the turbine blade is expected to be as high as 1300 ° C. Therefore, the thermal barrier coating for the turbine blade is required to have higher heat resistance.

The problem of exfoliation of the ceramic layer made of YSZ is due to insufficient crystal stability of YSZ in a high temperature environment and insufficient durability against a large thermal stress. Patent Document 1, this to solve the problem, proposed a thermal barrier coating member using the Yb ₂ O ₃ stabilized zirconia layer, Yb ₂ O ₃ and Er ₂ O ₃ stabilized zirconia layer ZrO ₂ ing.
JP 2003-160852 A

The present invention can suppress separation during use at a high temperature, moreover thermal coating member and a manufacturing method thereof barrier that have a high heat shielding effect, turbine member coated with thermal barrier coating, and a gas turbine provide.

The present invention relates to a thermal barrier coating member comprising a heat resistant substrate, a bond coat layer formed on the heat resistant substrate, and a ceramic layer formed on the bond coat layer, the ceramic layer Includes a ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (wherein A represents a rare earth element), and has a total thickness of 5 except for the bond coat layer on the heat-resistant substrate in the thickness direction. A thermal barrier coating member having longitudinal cracks at -100% intervals is provided. Between the bond coat layer and the ceramic layer, it comprises a di-zirconia-containing layer, the zirconia-containing layer has a 1% to 30% air porosity.
The present invention provides a gas turbine comprising this thermal barrier coating member.
Further, the present invention is a method for producing a thermal barrier coating member, comprising: forming a bond coat layer on a heat resistant substrate; and forming a ceramic layer of A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ on the bond coat layer. The ceramic layer forming step includes a step of introducing longitudinal cracks in the thickness direction at intervals of 5 to 100% of the thickness of all layers other than the bond coat layer on the heat-resistant substrate in the thickness direction. A method for manufacturing a thermal coating member is provided. A bond coat layer formed step, between the ceramic layer formation step includes a step of forming a di-zirconia-containing layer. Zirconia-containing layer formation step includes a stage of introducing the air hole.

The present invention can provide a superior heat resistance, a thermal barrier coating having a thermal cycle durability. If these are used for a gas turbine, a highly reliable gas turbine can be configured.

  Examples of the heat resistant substrate used in the present invention include a heat resistant alloy. An example of the heat-resistant alloy is CM247L (manufactured by Canon Maskegon) used for gas turbine blades, and IN939 (manufactured by Inco) used for gas turbine stationary blades. The component using the heat-resistant substrate is preferably a gas turbine component, and includes components used for turbine rotor blades, turbine stationary blades, split rings, combustors, and the like. The required heat resistance varies depending on the application, but is preferably resistant to at least 700 ° C. or more.

According to the present invention, the bond coat layer is formed on the heat resistant substrate.
The bond coat layer has high oxidation resistance and can reduce thermal stress by reducing the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the heat-resistant substrate and the ceramic layer or between the heat-resistant substrate and the zirconia-containing layer. Accordingly, long-term durability and excellent thermal cycle durability due to high oxidation resistance can be obtained, and peeling of the ceramic layer and the zirconia-containing layer from the bond coat layer can be prevented. In addition, the bond coat layer can more strongly join the heat-resistant substrate and the ceramic layer, or the heat-resistant substrate and the zirconia-containing layer, and can contribute to the improvement of the strength of the thermal barrier coating material.

When a layer having a porous layer or vertical crack is provided on the bond coat layer, a material excellent in oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance should be used in order to prevent high temperature oxidation and high temperature corrosion of the heat resistant substrate. preferable. Moreover, it is preferable to use a material excellent in ductility in order to efficiently relieve the generated stress.
As the bond coat layer, an MCrAlY alloy (“M” represents a metal element) excellent in corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance is preferable. “M” is preferably a single metal element such as Ni, Co, or Fe, or a combination of two or more thereof.
The method for forming the bond coat layer is not particularly limited, and low-pressure plasma spraying, electron beam physical vapor deposition, or the like can be used.

  The thickness of the bond coat layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 1 mm. If it is less than 0.01 mm, the oxidation resistance may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 1 mm, the ductility and toughness of the film may be insufficient.

According to the present invention, a ceramic layer represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (wherein A represents a rare earth element) is formed as a top coat. Here, the rare earth element means 15 elements of Sc, Y and lanthanoid.
The ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is preferably La ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , Nd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , Dy ₂ Zr. ₂ O ₇ , Er ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , Yb ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , and Lu ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ are mentioned, and Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is particularly preferable because of its low thermal conductivity at 800 ° C. or higher. .

Known methods for synthesizing A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ include a powder mixing method, a coprecipitation method, an alkoxide method, and the like. In the powder mixing method, A ₂ O ₃ powder and ZrO ₂ powder are mixed in a slurry state using a ball mill or the like, and after drying the slurry, the powder is heat-treated and A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is mixed by a solid phase reaction method. It is a method of synthesizing and pulverizing to obtain powder. In the coprecipitation method, a neutralizing agent such as ammonia is added to a salt solution of A and Zr to obtain a hydrate precipitate, and then reacted by heat treatment to obtain A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ and then pulverized. This is a method for obtaining powder. The alkoxide method is a method in which water is added to an alkoxide organic solvent of A and Zr to obtain a hydrate precipitate, which is then heat-treated to react with A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ and then pulverized to obtain a powder. .

The thermal barrier coating material comprising A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is prepared by, for example, granulating a slurry of A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ powder, water, a dispersant, and a binder into a spherical shape using a spray dryer. Obtained by heat treatment. Also, a thermal barrier coating material comprising A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ by spray-drying the slurry obtained at the stage of mixing the raw materials of A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ to form a sphere and heat-treating it to obtain powder. It can also be.
As A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , for example, a thermal barrier coating material containing Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is preferably classified into a particle size of 10 to 200 μm when spraying is used as a construction method. Adjusted to a particle size suitable for use. Moreover, when using an electron beam physical vapor deposition method, a sintered ingot can be used for a target material.

Examples of the method for forming the A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer on the bond coat layer include atmospheric pressure plasma spraying and electron beam physical vapor deposition.
As a method of forming the A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer by using the atmospheric pressure plasma spraying method, for example, using a spray gun (for example, F4 gun) manufactured by Sulzer Metco Co., Ltd., the powder used for the above-mentioned spraying method is sprayed with a current 600 (A ), Spraying distance 150 (mm), powder supply amount 60 (g / min), Ar / H ₂ amount; 35 / 7.4 (l / min).
As a method of forming the A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer by using the electron beam physical vapor deposition method, for example, an electron beam vapor deposition apparatus (for example, TUBA150) manufactured by Ardennes Co., Ltd. is used, and the above-mentioned ingot is used as a target material. It is possible to form a film under a typical condition of an output of 50 kW, a reduced pressure environment of an atmosphere of 10 ⁻⁴ torr, and a heat resistant substrate of 1,000 ° C.
Columnar crystals are crystals that are nucleated on the surface of the bond coat and grown in a single crystal state in the preferential crystal growth direction, and the crystals are separated from each other even when strain is applied to the heat-resistant substrate. Shows durability.

Although the thickness of the ceramic layer when not using a zirconia content layer is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 0.1-1 mm. If it is less than 0.1 mm, the heat shielding may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 1 mm, the durability of the thermal cycle may be insufficient. When the ceramic layer has pores or vertical cracks, the thickness of the ceramic layer is preferably 0.1 to 1 mm.
When Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is used as the ceramic layer, the film thickness can be reduced because the thermal conductivity is lowered. S. Bose, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, vol.6 (1), Mar. 1997 pp.99-104 reports that thermal cycle durability improves as the film thickness decreases. This supports the high thermal cycle durability of Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ that can be made thin while being held. Thus, Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is preferable not only from low thermal conductivity but also from the viewpoint of high thermal cycle durability.

The ceramic layer preferably has a porosity of 1 to 30% (volume occupation ratio of pores formed in the ceramic layer to the ceramic layer). The presence of pores can improve the thermal barrier properties of the ceramic-containing layer and reduce the Young's modulus even when high thermal stress acts on the ceramic layer due to the thermal cycle. it can. Therefore, it can be set as the thermal-insulation coating member excellent in thermal cycle durability.
When the porosity is less than 1%, the Young's modulus increases due to the denseness, and peeling tends to occur when the thermal stress increases. On the other hand, if the porosity exceeds 30%, the adhesion with the bond coat or the zirconia-containing layer is insufficient, and the durability may be lowered.

The porosity of the ceramic layer can be easily controlled by adjusting the thermal spraying conditions, and a ceramic layer having an appropriate porosity can be formed. Thermal spraying conditions that can be adjusted include thermal spray current, plasma gas flow rate, thermal spray distance, and the like.
The thermal spray current can increase the porosity from about 5% to about 8% by decreasing from a normal 600 (A) to 400 (A), for example. Also, the porosity can be lowered by increasing the current.
For example, the plasma gas flow is increased by increasing the hydrogen flow rate from 35 / 7.4 (l / min), which is the usual Ar / H ₂ amount, to 37.3 / 5.1 (l / min). The rate can be increased from about 5% to about 8%. Moreover, when the amount of hydrogen is increased, the porosity can be decreased.
The spraying distance can be increased from about 5% to 8% by increasing the spraying distance from the usual 150 mm to 210 mm, for example. It is also possible to reduce the porosity by shortening the spraying distance. Furthermore, by these combinations, the porosity can be varied from about 1% to a maximum of about 30%.

According to the present invention, the ceramic layer preferably has a plurality of vertical cracks extending in the film thickness direction. This vertical crack is intentionally introduced when forming the zirconia-containing layer in order to improve the peel resistance of the zirconia-containing layer.
A ceramic layer with a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than a heat-resistant substrate or bond coat layer has a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion from that of the heat-resistant substrate or bond coat layer when a thermal cycle accompanying the start / stop of a turbine is applied. However, the stress acting on the ceramic layer is relaxed by increasing or decreasing the width of the vertical crack.
Therefore, the stress due to expansion and contraction accompanying the thermal cycle hardly acts on the ceramic layer itself, the ceramic layer is hardly peeled off, and the thermal cycle durability is excellent.

According to the present invention, longitudinal cracks can be introduced into the ceramic layer when spraying is performed using the spray powder. Film formation by thermal spraying is performed by spraying powder onto a heat-resistant substrate in a molten or semi-molten state and rapidly cooling and solidifying the surface of the heat-resistant substrate. Longitudinal cracks can be introduced into the ceramic layer by increasing the temperature change during solidification on the surface of the heat-resistant substrate and intentionally causing solidification cracks in the formed ceramic layer.
The crack generated in the ceramic layer has caused the ceramic layer to peel in the conventional thermal barrier coating material, but the vertical crack introduced into the ceramic layer according to the present invention is the cause of the peeling. Must not. This is because the peripheral crystal structure is different between the vertical crack and the crack of the ceramic layer caused by the thermal cycle. That is, cracks caused by thermal cycling change the crystal phase of ZrO _{2 from} a t ′ phase (metastable tetragonal phase) to a t phase (tetragonal phase) and a C phase (cubic crystal) at a high temperature. When the temperature of the material decreases, the t phase, which is stable in the high temperature phase, becomes the m phase (monoclinic phase) and the C phase (cubic) due to the decrease in temperature, and a volume change occurs when the m phase is generated. . The m phase is observed around the crack formed by this volume change. Therefore, since the phase transition between the m phase and the t phase is repeated by the thermal cycle, the crack gradually develops and finally the ceramic layer is peeled off.
On the other hand, in the vertical crack introduced into the ceramic layer according to the present invention, since there is almost no m phase in the peripheral portion thereof, there is almost no volume change due to the phase transition in the ceramic layer during the thermal cycle. Longitudinal cracks hardly develop due to temperature changes accompanying the cycle. Accordingly, it is considered that the introduction of the vertical crack does not shorten the life of the ceramic layer.

The extending direction of the vertical cracks is preferably within ± 40 ° with respect to the normal direction (the vertical direction in the figure) of the film surface. In order for the crack in the surface direction of the ceramic layer to easily cause peeling of the ceramic layer, the extending direction of the vertical crack is preferably as parallel as possible to the normal direction of the film surface of the ceramic layer. However, if the inclination is within ± 40 ° with respect to the normal direction, the effect of preventing the ceramic layer from peeling off can be sufficiently obtained.
A preferred range of the extending direction of the vertical crack is a range of ± 20 ° or less with respect to the normal direction of the film surface of the ceramic layer.

The interval (pitch) between vertical cracks in the ceramic layer is preferably 5 to 100% of the total film thickness (excluding the bond coat layer) formed on the heat-resistant substrate. For example, if the film thickness of the ceramic layer is 0.5 mm, the interval between the vertical cracks is preferably in the range of 0.025 mm to 0.5 mm. By introducing vertical cracks in the ceramic layer at such intervals, a thermal barrier coating member having a ceramic layer having excellent peel resistance can be obtained.
If the pitch is less than 5%, the bonding area with the underlying bond coat layer or zirconia-containing layer may be small, and adhesion may be insufficient, and peeling may easily occur. When the interval exceeds 100%, the specific stress in the peeling direction at the crack tip may increase and induce peeling.

The ceramic layer having vertical cracks can be formed, for example, when the ceramic layer is formed by thermal spraying or electron beam physical vapor deposition.
When a ceramic layer having vertical cracks is formed by a thermal spraying method, the spraying distance (distance between the spraying gun and the heat-resistant substrate) is set to 1/4 to 2/3 of the spraying distance conventionally used for forming a zirconia layer. By introducing a vertical crack in the ceramic layer by increasing the power input to the spray gun to about 2 to 25 times the power conventionally used be able to. That is, by increasing the temperature of the molten or semi-molten particles flying to the heat-resistant substrate having a bond coat layer or zirconia-containing layer by thermal spraying, the temperature gradient during rapid solidification on the heat-resistant substrate is increased. Vertical cracks can be introduced by shrinkage during solidification. According to this method, by adjusting the spray distance and / or the input power to the spray gun, it is possible to easily control the interval and frequency of vertical cracks (area density of vertical cracks) and provide desired characteristics. A ceramic layer can be formed. Thereby, a thermal barrier coating member having excellent peeling resistance and thermal cycle durability can be easily formed.
When a ceramic layer having vertical cracks is formed by electron beam physical vapor deposition, for example, an electron beam vapor deposition apparatus (for example, TUBA150) manufactured by Ardennes is used, the above ingot is used as a target material, an electron beam output of 50 kW, A ceramic layer having vertical cracks can be easily formed under typical conditions of an atmosphere of 10 ⁻⁴ torr and a heat-resistant substrate temperature of 1,000 ° C.

According to the present invention, the top coat may be a two-layer structure including a zirconia-containing layer and a ceramic layer. In this case, a bond coat layer, a zirconia-containing layer, and a ceramic layer are sequentially formed from the surface of the heat resistant substrate to the outside. The zirconia-containing layer is preferably a layer obtained by partially stabilizing zirconia. By partially stabilizing zirconia, the crystal stability of zirconia is improved, and even when used for high-temperature parts such as turbines, the crystal phase of zirconia is unlikely to change during the thermal cycle, and cracks due to phase transformation and their progress are prevented. Can be prevented. Therefore, it has excellent peeling resistance, excellent thermal cycle durability, and is suitable for high-temperature parts.
The partially stabilized zirconia is preferably zirconia stabilized with one or more selected from Yb ₂ O ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , Dy ₂ O ₃ and Er ₂ O ₃ .
For zirconia stabilized by Yb ₂ O _3, the content of Yb ₂ O ₃ is a stabilizer from the viewpoint of the thermal cycle durability, preferably 8-27 wt%.
In the case of zirconia stabilized with Yb ₂ O ₃ and Er ₂ O ₃ , the content of Yb ₂ O _{3 as} a stabilizer is preferably 0.1 to 25% by weight, and Er ₂ O as a stabilizer. ₃ content is 0.1 to 25% by weight, and the total content of Yb ₂ O ₃ and Er ₂ O ₃ is 10 to 30% by weight.

  Even when the top coat is formed of two layers of a zirconia-containing layer and a ceramic layer, the thickness of the entire top coat is preferably 0.1 to 1 mm. In this case, each of the zirconia-containing layer and the ceramic layer is preferably 10 to 90% of the total film thickness (excluding the bond coat layer) provided on the heat-resistant substrate. The same applies even if either or both of the zirconia-containing layer and the ceramic layer have pores or vertical cracks.

The zirconia-containing layer can be formed by a known method. For example, a stabilized zirconia-containing layer with Yb ₂ O ₃ may be a thermal spray powder prepared by mixing Yb ₂ O ₃ powder and ZrO ₂ powder is formed by thermal spraying. Further, Yb ₂ O ₃ and Er stabilized zirconia-containing layer ₂ O ₃ is a spray powder prepared by mixing Yb ₂ O ₃ powder and Er ₂ O ₃ powder and ZrO ₂ powder, by spray method Can be formed. Thereby, a partially stabilized zirconia layer excellent in crystal stability and exfoliation resistance can be easily manufactured with high yield. An example of the spraying method is an atmospheric pressure plasma spraying method. Not only the thermal spraying method but also the electron beam physical vapor deposition method can be used for lamination.

When atmospheric pressure plasma spraying is used, for example, ZrO ₂ powder and Yb ₂ O ₃ powder with a predetermined addition ratio are prepared, and these powders are mixed in a ball mill together with an appropriate binder and dispersant to form a slurry. . Next, this is granulated by a spray dryer, dried, and then solidified by diffusion heat treatment heated to 1200 to 1600 ° C., and Yb ₂ O ₃ is uniformly diffused in a ZrO ₂ —Yb ₂ O ₃ composite powder. Get. And a YbSZ layer can be obtained by spraying this composite powder on a bond coat layer.
Moreover, when using an electron beam physical vapor deposition method as the film-forming method of a zirconia content layer, the ingot obtained by sintering or electromelting solidifying the raw material which has a predetermined composition is used.
In the case of using a zirconia stabilized by Yb ₂ O ₃ and Er ₂ O ₃ is prepared and ZrO ₂ powder, a predetermined addition ratio of Yb ₂ O ₃ powder, and Er ₂ O ₃ powder, the A ZrO ₂ — (Yb ₂ O ₃ + Er ₂ O ₃ ) composite powder is prepared by the same method as described above, and thermal spraying or electron beam physical vapor deposition is performed using this composite powder, whereby Yb ₂ O _{3 is formed} on the bond coat layer. And a zirconia layer stabilized by Er ₂ O ₃ can be formed.

The zirconia-containing layer preferably has a porosity of 1 to 30% (volume occupation ratio of pores formed in the zirconia-containing layer with respect to the zirconia-containing layer). Due to the presence of the pores, the heat shielding property of the partially stabilized zirconia-containing layer can be improved, and the stress can be relaxed even when a high thermal stress acts on the zirconia-containing layer with a thermal cycle. Therefore, it can be set as the thermal-insulation coating member excellent in thermal cycle durability.
When the porosity is less than 1%, the Young's modulus increases due to the denseness, and peeling tends to occur when the thermal stress increases. On the other hand, if the porosity exceeds 30%, the adhesion with the bond coat may be insufficient and the durability may be lowered.

Further, the porosity of the zirconia-containing layer can be easily controlled by adjusting the spraying current and the spraying distance, and a zirconia-containing layer having an appropriate porosity can be formed. Thereby, the thermal barrier coating member excellent in peeling resistance can be obtained.
The thermal spray current can increase the porosity from about 5% to about 8% by decreasing from a normal 600 (A) to 400 (A), for example. Also, the porosity can be lowered by increasing the current.
For example, the plasma gas flow is increased by increasing the hydrogen flow rate from 35 / 7.4 (l / min), which is the usual Ar / H ₂ amount, to 37.3 / 5.1 (l / min). The rate can be increased from about 5% to about 8%. Moreover, when the amount of hydrogen is increased, the porosity can be decreased.
The spraying distance can be increased from about 5% to 8% by increasing the spraying distance from the usual 150 mm to 210 mm, for example. It is also possible to reduce the porosity by shortening the spraying distance. Furthermore, by these combinations, the porosity can be varied from about 1% to a maximum of about 30%.

According to the present invention, the zirconia-containing layer preferably has a plurality of vertical cracks extending in the film thickness direction. This vertical crack is intentionally introduced when forming the zirconia-containing layer in order to improve the peel resistance of the zirconia-containing layer.
A zirconia-containing layer with a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than a heat-resistant substrate or bond coat layer has a thermal expansion coefficient of Stress due to the difference acts, but the stress acting on the zirconia-containing layer is relaxed by expanding or reducing the width of the vertical crack.
Therefore, the stress due to expansion and contraction accompanying the thermal cycle hardly acts on the zirconia-containing layer itself, and the partially stabilized zirconia-containing layer is hardly peeled off, and the thermal cycle durability is excellent.

According to the present invention, longitudinal cracks can be introduced into the zirconia-containing layer when thermal spraying is performed using the thermal spray powder. Film formation by thermal spraying is performed by spraying powder onto a heat-resistant substrate in a molten or semi-molten state and rapidly cooling and solidifying the surface of the heat-resistant substrate. Longitudinal cracks can be introduced into the zirconia-containing layer by increasing the temperature change during solidification on the surface of the heat-resistant substrate and intentionally causing solidification cracks in the formed zirconia-containing layer.
Cracks generated in the zirconia-containing layer were the cause of peeling in the zirconia-containing layer in the conventional thermal barrier coating material, but longitudinal cracks introduced into the zirconia-containing layer according to the present invention were peeled off. It will not be the cause. This is due to the fact that the peripheral cracks are different between the longitudinal cracks and the cracks in the zirconia-containing layer caused by the thermal cycle. That is, cracks caused by thermal cycling change the crystal phase of ZrO _{2 from} a t ′ phase (metastable tetragonal phase) to a t phase (tetragonal phase) and a C phase (cubic crystal) at a high temperature. When the temperature of the material decreases, the t phase, which is stable in the high temperature phase, becomes the m phase (monoclinic phase) and the C phase (cubic) due to the decrease in temperature, and a volume change occurs when the m phase is generated. . The m phase is observed around the crack formed by this volume change. Therefore, since the phase transition between the m phase and the t phase is repeated by the thermal cycle, the crack gradually develops and finally the zirconia-containing layer is peeled off.
On the other hand, in the vertical crack introduced into the zirconia-containing layer according to the present invention, since there is almost no m phase in the periphery thereof, there is almost no volume change accompanying the phase transition in the zirconia-containing layer during the thermal cycle. Longitudinal cracks rarely develop due to temperature changes accompanying thermal cycles. Therefore, it is considered that the introduction of the vertical crack does not shorten the life of the zirconia-containing layer.

The extending direction of the vertical cracks is preferably within ± 40 ° with respect to the normal direction (the vertical direction in the figure) of the film surface. In order for the crack in the surface direction of the zirconia-containing layer to easily cause peeling of the zirconia-containing layer, the direction in which the longitudinal crack extends is preferably as parallel as possible to the normal direction of the film surface of the zirconia-containing layer. . However, if the inclination is within ± 40 ° with respect to the normal direction, the effect of preventing peeling of the zirconia-containing layer can be sufficiently obtained.
A preferable range of the extending direction of the vertical cracks is a range within ± 20 ° with respect to the normal direction of the film surface of the zirconia-containing layer.

  The interval (pitch) between vertical cracks in the zirconia-containing layer is preferably 5 to 100% of the total film thickness (excluding the bond coat layer) formed on the heat-resistant substrate. By introducing vertical cracks in the zirconia-containing layer at such intervals, a thermal barrier coating material having a zirconia-containing layer having excellent peel resistance can be obtained. If the pitch is less than 5%, the bonding area with the underlying bond coat layer may be small, and the adhesive force may be insufficient to facilitate peeling. When the interval exceeds 100%, the specific stress in the peeling direction at the crack tip may increase and induce peeling.

The zirconia-containing layer having vertical cracks can be formed, for example, when the zirconia-containing layer is formed by thermal spraying or electron beam physical vapor deposition.
When forming a zirconia-containing layer having vertical cracks by a thermal spraying method, the spraying distance (distance between the spray gun and the heat-resistant substrate) is 1/4 to 2 of the spraying distance conventionally used for forming the zirconia-containing layer. / 3 or close to the conventional spraying distance, increasing the power input to the spray gun to about 2 to 25 times the power used conventionally, vertical cracks in the zirconia-containing layer Can be introduced. That is, by increasing the temperature of the molten or semi-molten particles flying to the heat resistant substrate having the bond coat layer by thermal spraying, the temperature gradient when rapidly solidified on the heat resistant substrate is increased, Longitudinal cracks can be introduced by shrinkage. According to this method, by adjusting the spray distance and / or the input power to the spray gun, it is possible to easily control the interval and frequency of vertical cracks (area density of vertical cracks) and provide desired characteristics. A zirconia-containing layer can be formed. Thereby, a thermal barrier coating member having excellent peeling resistance and thermal cycle durability can be easily formed.
In the case of forming a zirconia-containing layer having vertical cracks by electron beam physical vapor deposition, for example, an electron beam vapor deposition apparatus (for example, TUBA150) manufactured by Ardennes is used, and the above-mentioned ingot is used as a target material to output an electron beam. A zirconia-containing layer having vertical cracks can be easily formed under typical conditions of a reduced pressure environment of 50 kW, an atmosphere of 10 ⁻⁴ torr, and a heat resistant substrate temperature of 1,000 ° C.

Hereinafter, although several preferable embodiment and reference form of this invention are described with reference to drawings, this invention is not limited to these.
As a reference form, a thermal barrier coating material comprising Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ and preferably for a heat-resistant substrate used for a gas turbine or the like is provided. It _also provides a heat shield comprising a sintered body of Sm 2 _Zr 2 _{O 7} or _Gd 2 _Zr 2 _{O 7,} and the heat resistant substrate, a bond coat layer formed on the heat resistant substrate, There is provided a thermal barrier coating member comprising a ceramic layer formed on the bond coat layer, wherein the ceramic layer contains Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ .
In the first reference embodiment, a sintered body is formed using a ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ . As the ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is preferable. This is because the thermal conductivity is very low at 800 ° C. or higher, as shown in the experimental examples described later. The sintered body is preferably used for gas turbine parts.
By using the ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , the thermal expansion coefficient is lower than that of YSZ, while the coefficient of linear expansion is substantially the same as that of YSZ. For example, the thermal conductivity of the YSZ sprayed coating is 0.74 to 2.02 W / mK, but in A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ it is usually 0.3 to 1.15 W / mK.

Further, as a reference form, there is provided a thermal barrier coating member comprising a heat resistant substrate, a bond coat layer formed on the heat resistant substrate, and a ceramic layer formed on the bond coat layer, Provided is a thermal barrier coating member in which a ceramic layer includes a ceramic represented by a general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (wherein A represents a rare earth element), and (a) has a porosity of 1 to 30%. A zirconia-containing layer is preferably included between the bond coat layer and the ceramic layer, and the zirconia-containing layer is preferably (a) a porosity of 1 to 30%, or (b) heat resistant excluding the bond coat layer in the thickness direction. It has vertical cracks at intervals of 5 to 100% of the thickness of the entire film on the substrate. Moreover, the gas turbine provided with this thermal barrier coating member is provided.
In the second reference embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the ceramic layer is made porous, and a thermal barrier coating member with an emphasis on low thermal conductivity is obtained. FIG. 1 shows a thermal barrier coating member including a bond coat layer 22 and a ceramic layer 24 represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ in this order on a heat-resistant substrate 21, and the ceramic layer 24 has pores 24P. The thickness of the bond coat layer 22 is 0.01 to 1 mm, and the thickness of the ceramic layer 24 is 0.1 to 1 mm. The porosity of the ceramic layer 24 is 1 to 30%.
According to the second reference embodiment, a thermal barrier coating member with low thermal conductivity is obtained.

In the third reference embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a ceramic layer and a zirconia-containing layer are made porous, and a thermal barrier coating member having low thermal conductivity and good durability is obtained. FIG. 2 sequentially includes a bond coat layer 32, a zirconia-containing layer 33, and a ceramic layer 34 represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ on the heat-resistant substrate 31, and the zirconia-containing layer 33 has pores 33P. The ceramic layer 34 shows a thermal barrier coating member having pores 34P. The thickness of the bond coat layer 32 is 0.01 to 1 mm. The total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 33 and the ceramic layer 34 is 0.1 to 1 mm, and the thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 33 is 10 to 90% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 33 and the ceramic layer 34. The thickness of the ceramic layer 34 is 10 to 90% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 33 and the ceramic layer 34 formed on the heat-resistant substrate 31. The porosity of the zirconia-containing layer 33 and the ceramic layer 34 is 1 to 30%, respectively.
According to the third reference embodiment, the heat shielding property is good due to the porous zirconia-containing layer and the ceramic layer, which is advantageous in terms of cost. The toughness of the zirconia-containing layer can also be expected.

In the fourth reference embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the ceramic layer is porous, and the zirconia-containing layer is vertically divided, so that a thermal barrier coating member having low thermal conductivity and high durability can be obtained. FIG. 3 includes a bond coat layer 42, a zirconia-containing layer 43, and a ceramic layer 44 represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ in this order on a heat-resistant substrate 41, and the zirconia-containing layer 43 has vertical cracks 43C. The thermal barrier coating member in which the ceramic layer 44 has pores 44P is shown. The thickness of the bond coat layer 42 is 0.01 to 1 mm. The total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 43 and the ceramic layer 44 is 0.1 to 1 mm, and the thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 43 is 10 to 90% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 43 and the ceramic layer 44. The thickness of the ceramic layer 44 is 10 to 90% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 43 and the ceramic layer 44 formed on the heat-resistant substrate 41. The interval (vertical crack pitch) between the vertical cracks in the zirconia-containing layer 43 is 5 to 100% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 43 and the ceramic layer 44, and the extending direction of the vertical cracks is the normal to the film surface. ^Is within ± 40 ^° . The porosity of the ceramic layer 44 is 1 to 30%.
According to the fourth reference embodiment, a heat shielding effect is obtained by the porous ceramic layer, and thermal cycle durability is obtained by the longitudinal crack structure of the zirconia-containing layer. The toughness of the zirconia-containing layer can also be expected.

The present invention relates to a thermal barrier coating member comprising a heat resistant substrate, a bond coat layer formed on the heat resistant substrate, and a ceramic layer formed on the bond coat layer, the ceramic layer Includes a ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (wherein A represents a rare earth element), and (b) the thickness of the entire film excluding the bond coat layer on the heat-resistant substrate in the thickness direction. A thermal barrier coating member having vertical cracks at intervals of 5 to 100% is provided. Between the bond coat layer and the ceramic layer, including the di-zirconia-containing layer. Zirconia-containing layer is preferably (a) porosity 1% to 30%, or (b) vertical cracks in 5-100% of the spacing of the thickness of the entire film on the heat resistant substrate excluding the thickness direction to the bond coat layer The zirconia layer of the present invention has (a) . Moreover, the gas turbine provided with this thermal barrier coating member is provided.
In the fifth reference embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, vertical cracks are provided in the ceramic layer, and a thermal barrier coating member in which durability is emphasized is obtained. FIG. 4 shows a thermal barrier coating member including a bond coat layer 52 and a ceramic layer 54 represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ in this order on a heat resistant substrate 51, and the ceramic layer 54 has vertical cracks 54C. The thickness of the bond coat layer 52 is 0.01 to 1 mm. The thickness of the ceramic layer 54 is 0.1 to 1 mm, the vertical crack pitch is 5 to 100% of the thickness of the ceramic layer 54, and the extending direction of the vertical crack is ± 40 with respect to the normal line of the film surface. ^o .
According to the fifth reference embodiment, the thermal cycle durability is improved by the longitudinal crack structure of the ceramic layer.

Reference Embodiment The sixth, which provided Tatewari the ceramic layer and the zirconia-containing layer as shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to obtain a thermal barrier coating member which can be expected to ultra high durability at normal thermal conduction. FIG. 5 sequentially includes a bond coat layer 62, a zirconia-containing layer 63, and a ceramic layer 64 represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ on the heat-resistant substrate 61, and the zirconia-containing layer 63 has a longitudinal crack 63C. The thermal insulation coating member in which the ceramic layer 64 has the longitudinal crack 64C is shown. The thickness of the bond coat layer 62 is 0.01 to 1 mm. The total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 63 and the ceramic layer 64 is 0.1 to 1 mm, and the thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 63 is 10 to 90% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 63 and the ceramic layer 64. The thickness of the ceramic layer 64 is 10 to 90% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 63 and the ceramic layer 64. The longitudinal crack pitch of the zirconia-containing layer 63 and the ceramic layer 64 is 5 to 100% of the total thickness of the zirconia-containing layer 63 and the ceramic layer 64, respectively, and the extending direction of the longitudinal crack is in the normal line of the film surface. On the other hand, it is within ± 40 ^° .
According to the sixth reference embodiment, the thermal cycle durability is enhanced by the longitudinal crack structure of the zirconia-containing layer and the ceramic layer, and the toughness of the zirconia-containing layer can also be expected.

As a reference form, a thermal barrier coating member comprising a heat resistant substrate, a bond coat layer formed on the heat resistant substrate, and a ceramic layer formed on the bond coat layer, the ceramic layer Provides a thermal barrier coating member comprising a ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (wherein A represents a rare earth element) and having (c) columnar crystals. A zirconia-containing layer is preferably included between the bond coat layer and the ceramic layer, and the zirconia-containing layer is preferably (a) a porosity of 1 to 30%, or (b) heat resistant excluding the bond coat layer in the thickness direction. It has vertical cracks at intervals of 5 to 100% of the thickness of the entire film on the substrate. Moreover, the gas turbine provided with this thermal barrier coating member is provided.
In the seventh reference embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a ceramic layer is formed into a columnar structure using EB-PVD (electron beam physical vapor deposition), and a thermal barrier coating having very high durability and low thermal conductivity. A member can be obtained. FIG. 6 shows a thermal barrier coating member that sequentially includes a bond coat layer 72 and a ceramic layer 74 represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ on a heat resistant substrate 71, and the ceramic layer 74 has a columnar structure 74L. The thickness of the bond coat layer 72 is 0.01 to 1 mm. The thickness of the ceramic layer 74 is 0.1-1 mm.
According to the seventh reference embodiment, the thermal cycle durability can be improved by the presence of the columnar structure of the ceramic layer. In this case, the thermal conductivity is inferior to thermal spray coating, but the thermal conductivity can be reduced by 20% or more compared to YSZ obtained by EB-PVD.

  The thermal barrier coating member according to the present invention is useful when applied to high-temperature parts such as a moving blade and a stationary blade of an industrial gas turbine, or an inner cylinder and a tail cylinder of a combustor. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to industrial gas turbines but also to thermal barrier coating films for high-temperature parts of engines such as automobiles and jet aircraft. By covering these members with the thermal barrier coating film of the present invention, a gas turbine member or a high-temperature component having excellent thermal cycle durability can be configured.

  7 and 8 are perspective views showing a configuration example of a turbine blade (turbine member) to which the thermal barrier coating film of the present invention can be applied. The gas turbine rotor blade 140 shown in FIG. 7 includes a tab tail 141, a platform 142, a blade portion 143, and the like that are fixed to the disk side. The gas turbine stationary blade 150 shown in FIG. 8 includes an inner shroud 151, an outer shroud 152, a blade portion 153, and the like. ing.

  A gas turbine to which the turbine blades 140 and 150 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 can be applied will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing a partial cross-sectional structure of a gas turbine according to the present invention. The gas turbine 160 includes a compressor 161 and a turbine 162 that are directly connected to each other. The compressor 161 is configured, for example, as an axial flow compressor, and sucks air or a predetermined gas as a working fluid from the suction port to increase the pressure. A combustor 163 is connected to the discharge port of the compressor 161, and the working fluid discharged from the compressor 161 is heated to a predetermined turbine inlet temperature by the combustor 163. The working fluid heated to a predetermined temperature is supplied to the turbine 162. As shown in FIG. 9, the gas turbine stationary blade 150 described above is provided in several stages (four stages in FIG. 9) inside the casing of the turbine 162. Further, the gas turbine rotor blade 140 described above is attached to the main shaft 164 so as to form a pair of stages with each stationary blade 150. One end of the main shaft 164 is connected to the rotating shaft 165 of the compressor 161, and the other end is connected to a rotating shaft of a generator (not shown).

  With such a configuration, when high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is supplied from the combustor 163 into the casing of the turbine 162, the working fluid expands in the casing, so that the main shaft 164 rotates and is connected to the gas turbine 160. A generator (not shown) is driven. That is, the pressure is dropped by each stationary blade 150 fixed to the casing, and the kinetic energy generated thereby is converted into rotational torque via each moving blade 140 attached to the main shaft 164. The generated rotational torque is transmitted to the rotating shaft 165, and the generator is driven.

If the thermal barrier coating member of the present invention is used for these turbine blades, it becomes a turbine blade excellent in thermal barrier effect and peeling resistance, so it can be used in a higher temperature environment and has excellent durability. A long-life turbine blade can be realized. In addition, being applicable in a higher temperature environment means that the temperature of the working fluid can be increased, thereby improving the efficiency of the gas turbine. Moreover, since the thermal barrier coating member of the present invention is excellent in thermal barrier properties, it is possible to reduce the cooling air flow rate and contribute to performance improvement.
The thermal barrier coating member of the present invention can be applied not only to a gas turbine but also to a piston crown of a diesel engine, a jet engine component, or the like.

Hereinafter, some preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Reference Examples 1-2
In order to investigate the thermal conductivity in the bulk body, Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ , Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ or Dy ₂ Zr ₂ O ₃ sintered body of A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ was converted into ZrO ₂ powder (Japan). Sm ₂ O ₃ powder, Gd ₂ O ₃ powder or Dy ₂ O ₃ (ZrO ₂ which is yttrium fine powder TZ-0) (Japan yttrium fine powder 3C series Sm ₂ O ₃ powder, Gd ₂ O ₃ powder or Dy ₂ O ₃ powder) was used as a raw material, and the sintering temperature was 1600 ° C. and the sintering time was 5 hours by atmospheric pressure sintering. Then, it cut out to the dimension of about 1 mm, and measured the thermal conductivity in a sintered compact by the laser flash method prescribed | regulated by JISR1611. The result is shown in FIG.

Comparative Example 1
For comparison with a bulk body, a YSZ sintered body containing 8% by weight of Y ₂ O ₃ was manufactured at a sintering temperature of 1600 ° C. in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. Then, it cut out to the dimension of about 1 mm, and measured the thermal conductivity in a sintered compact by the laser flash method prescribed | regulated by JISR1611. The result is shown in FIG. According to FIG. 10, it can be seen that all the materials having the crystal structure of A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ have a lower thermal conductivity than YSZ and are reduced by 25% or more.

Reference Examples 3-4
A sample was prepared and the thermal cycle life was measured. A Ni-based heat-resistant alloy was used as the heat-resistant substrate, and the alloy composition was 16 wt% Cr, 8.5 wt% Co, 1.75 wt% Mo, 2.6 wt% W, 1. 75 wt% Ta, 0.9 wt% Nb, 3.4 wt% Al, 3.4 wt% Ti, and the balance Ni. The dimensions of the heat-resistant substrate were a disc having a thickness of 5 mm and a diameter of 30 mm.
After grid blasting the surface of the heat-resistant substrate with Al ₂ O ₃ grains, 32 wt% Ni, 21 wt% Cr, 8 wt% Al, 0.5 wt% Y, and the balance Co A bond coat layer made of a CoNiCrAlY alloy having the following composition was formed to a thickness of 0.1 mm by low-pressure plasma spraying.
On this CoNiCrAlY bond coat layer, Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ is deposited to a thickness of 0.5 mm by an atmospheric plasma spraying method so as to have a porous structure with a porosity of 10%. did. The atmospheric pressure plasma spraying method uses a spray gun (F4 gun) manufactured by Sulzer Metco Co., Ltd., and Sr ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (Nitrogen Yttrium fine powder 3C series Sm ₂ O ₃ and Nitrogen Yttrium fine powder TZ-0 ZrO. ₂ ) or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (synthesized by powder mixing method using fine powder 3C series Gd ₂ O ₃ made by Japanese yttrium and ZrO ₂ fine powder TZ-0 made by Japanese yttrium) By using the thermal spraying powder, the pores were varied depending on the conditions of thermal spraying current 600 (A), thermal spraying distance 150 (mm), powder feed amount 60 (g / min), Ar / H ₂ amount; 35 / 7.4 (l / min). Was formed.
The porosity of the formed topcoat layer was determined by binarizing the pore portion and the ceramic portion by image analysis of the result of cross-sectional microstructure observation.

Reference Examples 5-6
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Thereafter, a YSZ layer was formed with a porous structure having a porosity of 10% with a thickness of 0.25 mm using YSZ sprayed powder (Sulzer Metco 204NS-G, blending ratio of 8% by weight yttria and 92% by weight zirconia). . The YSZ layer containing pores was sprayed with a spraying current of 600 (A), a spraying distance of 150 (mm) using a spraying powder of YSZ, using a spray gun (F4 gun) manufactured by Sulzer Metco, by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying. powder feed amount 60 (g / min), Ar / H 2 volume; was formed by conditions of 35 / 7.4 (l / min) .
Thereafter, Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (synthesized by powder mixing method using fine powder 3C series Sm ₂ O ₃ made in Japan yttrium and ZrO ₂ which is fine powder TZ-0 made in Japan yttrium) or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (Yttrium Japan) Fine powder 3C series Gd ₂ O ₃ and yttrium Japan fine powder TZ-0 ZrO ₂ were synthesized by a powder mixing method) to obtain a porous structure with a porosity of 10% by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying method to 0.25 mm A film was formed. The film thickness of the entire top coat layer was 0.5 mm. The Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ and Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layers containing the pores were sprayed with Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ using a Sulzer Metco spray gun (for example, F4 gun). spraying current 600 using powder (a), spraying distance 150 (mm), a powder supply amount 60 (g / min), Ar / H 2 volume; was formed by conditions of 35 / 7.4 (l / min) .

Comparative Example 2
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Then, using a YSZ sprayed powder (Sulzer Metco 204NS-G, blending ratio of 8% by weight yttria and 92% by weight zirconia), the YSZ layer has a porous structure with a porosity of 10% at a thickness of 0.5 mm. The film was formed by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying. The YSZ layer containing pores was sprayed with a spraying current of 600 (A), a spraying distance of 150 (mm) using a spraying powder of YSZ, using a spray gun (F4 gun) manufactured by Sulzer Metco, by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying. powder feed amount 60 (g / min), Ar / H 2 volume; was formed by conditions of 35 / 7.4 (l / min) .

Reference Examples 7-8
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Then, using a YSZ spray powder (Sulzer Metco 204NS-G, blending ratio of 8% by weight yttria and 92% by weight zirconia), the YSZ layer is atmospheric pressure plasma sprayed using a high heat input condition with a thickness of 0.25 mm. The film was formed in a vertically cracked structure by the method. For the introduction of vertical cracks in the YSZ layer, the spraying distance (distance between the spraying gun and the heat-resistant substrate) is brought close to the spraying distance of 150 mm to 50 mm, which has been conventionally used for forming the zirconia-containing layer, or the spraying distance is The thermal spray gun current was increased from 600 (A) to 700 (A). The longitudinal crack interval was 0.2 mm by cross-sectional microstructure observation.
Thereafter, Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (synthesized by powder mixing method using fine powder 3C series Sm ₂ O ₃ made in Japan yttrium and ZrO ₂ which is fine powder TZ-0 made in Japan yttrium) or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (Yttrium Japan) Fine powder 3C series Gd ₂ O ₃ and yttrium Japan fine powder TZ-0 ZrO ₂ were synthesized by a powder mixing method) to obtain a porous structure with a porosity of 10% by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying method to 0.25 mm A film was formed. The film thickness of the entire top coat was 0.5 mm. The Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ and Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layers containing pores are sprayed powder of Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ using a spray gun (F4 gun) manufactured by Sulzer Metco. The film was formed under the conditions of spraying current 600 (A), spraying distance 150 (mm), powder supply amount 60 (g / min), Ar / H ₂ amount; 35 / 7.4 (l / min).

Reference Examples 9-10
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Thereafter, Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (synthesized by powder mixing method using fine powder 3C series Sm ₂ O ₃ made in Japan yttrium and ZrO ₂ which is fine powder TZ-0 made in Japan yttrium) or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (Yttrium Japan) Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer or Gd ₂ Zr at a thickness of 0.5 mm using fine powder 3C series Gd ₂ O ₃ and ZrO ₂ which is fine powder TZ-0 made in Japan yttrium by powder mixing method) _{A 2} O ₇ layer was formed with a vertically cracked structure by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying using high heat input conditions. Introducing vertical cracks into the Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer, the spraying distance (distance between the spray gun and the heat-resistant substrate) is conventionally used to form the zirconia-containing layer. The distance was approached from 150 mm to 100 mm, or the spraying distance was set to the same level as before, and the spray gun current was increased from 600 (A) to 650 (A). The longitudinal crack interval was 0.2 mm by cross-sectional microstructure observation.

Reference Examples 11-12
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Then, using a YSZ spray powder (Sulzer Metco 204NS-G, blending ratio of 8% by weight yttria and 92% by weight zirconia), the YSZ layer is atmospheric pressure plasma sprayed using a high heat input condition with a thickness of 0.25 mm. The film was formed in a vertically cracked structure by the method. For the introduction of vertical cracks in the YSZ layer, the spraying distance (distance between the spraying gun and the heat-resistant substrate) is brought close to the spraying distance of 150 mm to 50 mm, which has been conventionally used for forming the zirconia-containing layer, or the spraying distance is The thermal spray gun current was increased from 600 (A) to 700 (A). The longitudinal crack interval was 0.2 mm by cross-sectional microstructure observation.
Thereafter, Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (synthesized by powder mixing method using fine powder 3C series Sm ₂ O ₃ made in Japan yttrium and ZrO ₂ which is fine powder TZ-0 made in Japan yttrium) or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (Yttrium Japan) Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer in the same manner using fine powder 3C series Gd ₂ O ₃ and ZrO ₂ which is fine powder TZ-0 made by Japan Yttrium) A film having a longitudinal crack structure was formed at a thickness of 0.25 mm by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying using high heat input conditions. Introducing vertical cracks into the Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer, the spraying distance (distance between the spray gun and the heat-resistant substrate) is conventionally used to form the zirconia-containing layer. The distance was approached from 150 mm to 100 mm, or the spraying distance was set to the same level as before, and the spray gun current was increased from 600 (A) to 650 (A). The longitudinal crack interval was 0.2 mm by cross-sectional microstructure observation. The film thickness of the entire top coat was 0.5 mm.

Comparative Example 3
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Then, using a YSZ sprayed powder (Sulzer Metco 204NS-G, blending ratio of 8% by weight yttria and 92% by weight zirconia), the YSZ layer was atmospherically plasma sprayed using a high heat input condition with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The film was formed in a vertically cracked structure by the method. For the introduction of vertical cracks in the YSZ layer, the spraying distance (distance between the spraying gun and the heat-resistant substrate) is brought close to the spraying distance of 150 mm to 50 mm, which has been conventionally used for forming the zirconia-containing layer, or the spraying distance is The thermal spray gun current was increased from 600 (A) to 700 (A). The longitudinal crack interval was 0.2 mm by cross-sectional microstructure observation.

Reference Examples 13-14
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Thereafter, an Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer or a Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm was formed in a columnar structure by electron beam physical vapor deposition. The electron plasma physical vapor deposition method is Sm ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (Yttrium fine powder 3C series Sm ₂ O ₃ and Yttrium fine powder TZ-0 using an Ardenne electron beam vapor deposition apparatus (for example, TUBA150). ZrO ₂ is synthesized by powder mixing method) or Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (synthesized by powder mixing method using fine powder 3C series Gd ₂ O ₃ made by Japanese yttrium and ZrO ₂ fine powder TZ-0 made by Japanese yttrium) Was used under the conditions of an electron beam output of 50 kW, a reduced pressure environment of an atmosphere of 10 ⁻⁴ torr, and a heat-resistant substrate temperature of 1,000 ° C. The columnar crystal was a columnar crystal having a diameter of 50 μm or less.

Comparative Example 4
The process until the formation of the bond coat layer was the same as in Reference Examples 3 to 4. Thereafter, YSZ was deposited with a columnar crystal structure by electron beam physical vapor deposition with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The electron plasma physical vapor deposition method uses an Ardenne electron beam vapor deposition apparatus (for example, TUBA150) and YSZ powder (Sulzer Metco 204NS-G, blending ratio of 8% by weight yttria and 92% by weight zirconia) at 1600 ° C. An ingot sintered at atmospheric pressure under conditions of 5 hours was used as a target material, and the conditions were an electron beam output of 50 kW, a reduced pressure environment of an atmosphere of 10 ⁻⁴ torr, and a heat resistant substrate temperature of 1,000 ° C. The columnar crystal was a columnar crystal having a diameter of 50 μm or less.

Measurement of thermal conductivity The thermal conductivity of each sample obtained as described above was measured. The thermal conductivity was measured by a laser flash method specified in JIS R 1611.

Evaluation of thermal cycle durability The thermal cycle durability of each sample obtained as described above was evaluated. FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser thermal cycle test apparatus used for evaluation of thermal cycle durability in this example. In the laser thermal cycle testing apparatus shown in this figure, a sample 131 in which a thermal barrier coating film 131B is formed on a heat-resistant base material 131A is applied to a sample holder 132 disposed on a main body 133, and a thermal barrier coating film 131B. The sample 131 is heated from the thermal barrier coating film 131B side by irradiating the sample 131 with laser light L from the carbon dioxide laser device 130. In addition, the sample 131 is caused by the gas flow F discharged from the tip of the cooling gas nozzle 134 that passes through the main body 133 simultaneously with the heating by the laser device 130 and faces the back side of the sample 131 inside the main body 133. Is cooled from the back side.

According to this laser type thermal cycle test apparatus, a temperature gradient can be easily formed inside the sample 131, and evaluation according to the use environment when applied to a high temperature part such as a gas turbine member can be performed. . FIG. 12A is a graph schematically showing a temperature change of a sample subjected to a thermal cycle test by the apparatus shown in FIG. Curves A to C shown in this figure correspond to temperature measurement points A to C in the sample 131 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, according to the apparatus shown in FIG. 11, the surface (A) of the thermal barrier coating film 131B of the sample 131, the interface (B) between the thermal barrier coating film 131B and the heat resistant substrate 131A, and the heat resistant substrate 131A. It can heat so that temperature may become low in order of a back surface side (C).
Therefore, for example, by setting the surface of the thermal barrier coating film 131B to a high temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher and setting the temperature of the interface between the thermal barrier coating film 131B and the heat resistant base material 131A to 800 to 1000 ° C. It can be a temperature condition. It should be noted that the heating temperature and temperature gradient by the test apparatus can be easily set to desired temperature conditions by adjusting the output of the laser apparatus 130 and the gas flow F.

  In this example, the laser type thermal cycle test apparatus shown in FIG. 11 is used, the maximum surface temperature (the maximum temperature of the surface of the thermal barrier coating film) is set to 1500 ° C., and the maximum interface temperature (the interface between the thermal barrier coating film and the heat-resistant substrate). The heating was repeated to 1000 ° C. At that time, the heating time was 3 minutes and the cooling time was 3 minutes (the surface temperature during cooling was set to 100 ° C. or lower). In this thermal cycle test, the number of cycles at the time when peeling occurs in the thermal barrier coating film is also shown in Table 1 as the thermal cycle life.

  As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the thermal barrier coating member of the present invention was excellent in thermal cycle durability and low in thermal conductivity.

It is a schematic cross section of the thermal barrier coating member which is the 2nd reference form. It is a schematic cross section of the thermal barrier coating member which is the 3rd reference form. It is a schematic cross section of the thermal barrier coating member which is the 4th reference form. It is a schematic cross section of the thermal barrier coating member which is the 5th reference form. It is a schematic cross section of the thermal barrier coating member which is the 6th reference form. It is a schematic cross section of the thermal barrier coating member which is the 7th reference form. It is a perspective view which shows the moving blade which is an example of the turbine member which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the stationary blade which is an example of the turbine member which concerns on this invention. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows an example of the gas turbine provided with the gas turbine member shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. The measurement result of temperature and thermal conductivity is shown. It is a schematic cross section of the laser type thermal cycle testing apparatus used in the example of the present invention. 12A is a graph showing the temperature history of the sample during the thermal cycle test by the laser thermal cycle test apparatus shown in FIG. 11, and FIG. 12B corresponds to each curve of FIG. 12A. It is explanatory drawing which shows the measurement point on a sample.

Explanation of symbols

21 heat-resistant substrate 22 bond coat layer 24 ceramic layer 24P pores 31 heat-resistant substrate 32 bond coat layer 33 zirconia-containing layer 33P pores 34 ceramic layer 34P pores 41 heat-resistant substrate 42 bond coat layer 43 zirconia-containing layer 43C longitudinal crack 44 ceramic layer 44P Pore 51 Heat-resistant substrate 52 Bond coat layer 54 Ceramic layer 54C Vertical crack 61 Heat-resistant substrate 62 Bond coat layer 63 Zirconia-containing layer 63C Vertical crack 64 Ceramic layer 64C Vertical crack 71 Heat-resistant substrate 72 Bond coat layer 74 Ceramic layer 74L Column shape Akira 140 blade (turbine member)
141 Tabtail 142 Platform 143 Blade 150 Stator blade (turbine member)
151 Inner shroud 152 Outer shroud 153 Blade 154 Cooling hole 155 Slit 160 Gas turbine 161 Compressor 162 Turbine 163 Combustor 164 Main shaft 165 Rotating shaft 130 CO ₂ laser device 131 Sample 131A Heat resistant substrate 131B Thermal barrier coating film 132 Sample holder 133 Body 134 Cooling gas nozzle

Claims (7)

A thermal barrier coating member comprising a heat resistant substrate, a bond coat layer formed on the heat resistant substrate, and a ceramic layer formed on the bond coat layer , wherein the bond coat layer and the ceramic A zirconia-containing layer having a porosity of 1 to 30% is further included between the layers, and the ceramic layer is a ceramic represented by the general formula A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (wherein A represents a rare earth element). A thermal barrier coating member having longitudinal cracks at intervals of 5 to 100% of the thickness of all layers other than the bond coat layer on the heat-resistant substrate in the thickness direction.   The thermal barrier coating member according to claim 1, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, and Lu.   The thermal barrier coating member according to claim 1, wherein A is Sm. The thickness of the bond coat layer is a 0.01 to 1 mm, the thickness of all layers except for the bond coat layer on the heat resistant substrate is any one of claims 1 to 3 is 0.01 to 1 mm The thermal barrier coating member according to 1. Gas turbine with a thermal barrier coating member according to any one of claims 1-4. A heat shield comprising the steps of: forming a bond coat layer on the heat resistant substrate; and forming a ceramic layer of A ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ (wherein A represents a rare earth element) on the bond coat layer. A method for manufacturing a coating member, comprising: a step of forming a zirconia-containing layer between the bond coat layer forming step and the ceramic layer forming step and introducing pores, wherein the ceramic layer forming step includes: A method for producing a thermal barrier coating member comprising the step of introducing longitudinal cracks in the thickness direction at intervals of 5 to 100% of the thickness of all layers other than the bond coat layer on the heat-resistant substrate in the thickness direction. The heat shield according to claim 6 , wherein the thickness of the bond coat layer is 0.01 to 1 mm, and the thickness of all layers other than the bond coat layer on the heat-resistant substrate is 0.01 to 1 mm. Manufacturing method of coating member.

Images