JP4940034B2 - Optically isotropic liquid crystal material, liquid crystal display panel using the same, and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a configuration of an optically isotropic liquid crystal material, and further to a configuration of a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal material.

Due to recent advances in liquid crystal panel manufacturing technology, liquid crystal display elements have come to be used as television displays for which cathode ray tubes have been dominant. Conventionally, a twisted nematic (TN) display system has been known as a liquid crystal display element. However, in this system, improvement of contrast, viewing angle characteristics, and response characteristics has been a problem. Especially in television applications, the above-described characteristics are greatly inferior to those of cathode ray tubes, so these improvements have been strongly desired. As a method of the liquid crystal display element for improving the above-described contrast and viewing angle characteristics,
For example, an in-plane switching (lateral electric field) display method (hereinafter referred to as “IPS method”) and a multi-domain vertical alignment display method (hereinafter referred to as “VA method”) are known. These methods can greatly improve the viewing angle and contrast compared to the TN method.

However, since the liquid crystal layer is an optically uniaxial medium in the IPS and VA systems, the transmittance depends on the viewing angle as it is. Further, as described in Non-Patent Document 1 below, nematic liquid crystal materials exhibit light scattering caused by molecular fluctuations. In the IPS and VA systems, black display is performed when no voltage is applied. Therefore, even in black display, a reduction in contrast due to light leakage due to light scattering is inevitable in principle. Such problems such as optical anisotropy and light scattering are problems inherent to display devices using nematic liquid crystal materials.

On the other hand, in recent years, materials for optically three-dimensional or two-dimensional liquid crystals (hereinafter referred to as “isotropic liquid crystals”) are known. This isotropic liquid crystal has the property that when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is optically three-dimensional or two-dimensional, and birefringence is induced in the voltage application direction by the voltage application. Have. The isotropic liquid crystal materials reported in recent years include smectic blue phase and cholesteric blue phase as three-dimensional isotropic materials. In addition, there is a bent core structure that is isotropic in two dimensions. The bent core structure is obtained by vertically aligning a liquid crystal compound with respect to a substrate, and is isotropic in the plane of the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied. In addition, a cubic phase, a smectic Q phase, a micelle phase, a reverse micelle phase, or a sponge phase is known.

Non-Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 3 below describe expansion of the temperature range of the blue phase, which has been extremely narrow in the conventional temperature range and difficult to be practically used for devices. The following non-patent document 4
Describes the materials and properties of isotropic liquid crystals, such as the optical biaxiality of the bent core structure. The following non-patent document 5 and non-patent document 6 describe a display device using an isotropic liquid crystal, and the following non-patent document 7 describes an electric field strength necessary for the isotropic liquid crystal.

Further, Patent Document 1 below discloses a specific electrode structure of a liquid crystal panel using an isotropic liquid crystal.

JP 2006-3840 A W. H. de Jeu, Ishii Tsutomu, Kobayashi Junsuke: Physics of liquid crystals, pages 90-94 Harry J. Coles, Nature, 436, 997-1000, 2005 Atsushi Yoshizawa et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry, 15, 3285-3290, 2005 Bharat R. Acharya et al., LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY, VOL.13, No.1, 1-4, 2004 Hiroki Kikuchi, Advanced Materials, 17, 96-98, 2005 Hideo Takezoe et al., Journal of Japan Society of Applied Physics, 45, L282-284, 2006 M. Manai et al., Physica B, 368, 168-178, 2005

As described above, the isotropic liquid crystal has been elucidated the different properties from the conventional liquid crystal,
The structure of a device to which this liquid crystal material is applied has not been sufficiently studied.

An object of the present invention is to realize an optimum electrode structure, pixel design, and the like for effectively using an isotropic liquid crystal as a device.

  The invention according to the present application is achieved, for example, by the following means.

The present invention is arranged between a first substrate, a second substrate, a polarizing plate provided on the first substrate and the second substrate, and between the first substrate and the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer, a pixel electrode and a common electrode provided on the first substrate, and the liquid crystal layer has a property in which optical anisotropy is generated by applying a voltage from an optically isotropic state, One of the pixel electrode and the common electrode is formed in a comb-like shape, and has a configuration of a liquid crystal display device that applies an electric field to the liquid crystal layer by a potential difference generated between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. The first substrate has a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, and has a configuration of a liquid crystal display device in which the pixel electrode, the common electrode, and the thin film transistor are arranged for each of the plurality of pixels. Further, the first substrate has a protective film, and the protective film is a liquid crystal disposed between the electrode closest to the liquid crystal layer among the electrodes disposed on the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The configuration of the display device is taken. In addition, a surface film is disposed on the first substrate, the surface film is disposed in contact with the surface of the liquid crystal layer, and the surface film has a structure of a liquid crystal display device having a periodic structure having a size of 400 nm or less. Take. The pixel electrode is formed in a comb-tooth shape, the common electrode is formed in a flat plate shape, and the pixel electrode in each of the plurality of pixels is a liquid crystal having two comb-tooth shapes having different directions of 88 degrees or more and 92 degrees or less. The configuration of the display device is taken. The liquid crystal layer has a configuration of a liquid crystal display device obtained by a thermal crosslinking reaction.

By using the present invention, it is possible to realize a high-quality liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device using an isotropic liquid crystal.

  Hereinafter, a configuration suitable for the isotropic liquid crystal will be described in order.

[Basic device configuration]
First, a basic device structure when an isotropic liquid crystal is used will be described.

The liquid crystal display device controls an optical characteristic of a liquid crystal layer by generating an electric field between a pixel electrode and a common electrode arranged on a substrate sandwiching liquid crystal, and changing the electric field strength. Here, the isotropic liquid crystal is optically isotropic when no voltage is applied, and induces birefringence in the voltage application direction when the voltage is applied. From this property, in order to control the transmittance of the isotropic liquid crystal, it is necessary to dispose the upper and lower polarizing plates in crossed Nicols and apply an electric field in the in-plane direction (lateral direction) of the liquid crystal panel. Therefore, it can be said that an IPS electrode structure is basically suitable for a liquid crystal panel using an isotropic liquid crystal.

Next, the nematic liquid crystal conventionally used in the IPS system can be displayed by applying an electric field strength of about several volts / μm to the liquid crystal layer. On the other hand, as described in Non-Patent Document 7, it is necessary for an isotropic liquid crystal to apply a strong electric field of several tens of volts / μm or more. Therefore, in order to perform good display using the isotropic liquid crystal, it is necessary to have a structure of an element that generates a stronger electric field by improving the electrode structure of the normal IPS system.

  From such a viewpoint, device structures suitable for isotropic liquid crystals are shown in FIGS.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a pixel group in a display element. The video signal of the video signal line DL is supplied to the pixel electrode PX through the thin film transistor TFT controlled by the gate signal line GL. Display is performed by forming an electric field between the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT and driving the liquid crystal layer.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA 'in FIG. A black matrix BM is disposed on the upper substrate SUB2 having the color filter CF to block unnecessary light leakage. Further, the color filter CF has a different color between adjacent pixels in the horizontal direction, and therefore has a different color. On the other hand, the lower substrate SUB1 has a common electrode CT formed on a flat plate in each pixel. An insulating film GI1 is provided on the common electrode CT, and a video signal line DL is provided so as to correspond between the common electrodes CT for each pixel. Further, a protective film PAS is provided on the video signal line, and the pixel electrode PX is disposed thereon. In the transparent display element, the common electrode CT is formed of a transparent electrode such as ITO. In the case of reflection use, a metal layer is used. The pixel electrode PX is formed on the protective film PAS, and is formed of a transparent electrode such as ITO in a transmissive display element. Each of the pair of substrates SUB1 and SUB2 includes polarizing plates PL1 and PL2, and the polarizing axes PL1 and PL2 are arranged so that the absorption axes (transmission axes) of the polarizing plates PL1 and PL2 are orthogonal to each other. With this configuration, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer is isotropic, resulting in black display. When voltage is applied, birefringence is induced in the voltage application direction, resulting in white display. The two-dimensional isotropic liquid crystal having a bent core structure has a vertical alignment with respect to the substrate as an initial alignment, but the three-dimensional isotropic liquid crystal does not have an initial alignment. There is no need to arrange an alignment film.

  As described above, in the pixel structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT are arranged on the lower substrate SUB1, and a horizontal component is generated in the liquid crystal layer due to a potential difference between the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT. It is possible to apply an electric field EL having Here, the pixel electrode PX is formed in a comb shape (finger shape), and the common electrode CT is formed in a flat plate shape (plane shape). In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, the pixel electrode PX has a large number of linear portions, and the common electrode CT is exposed between the pixel electrodes PX between them. Thereby, an electric field EL is formed in a route where the electric field from the pixel electrode PX terminates at the common electrode CT, and image display is achieved by driving the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer by this electric field. By using such an electrode structure, it is generally possible to reduce the electric field distance between both electrodes compared to an electrode configuration in which both the pixel electrode and the common electrode are comb-shaped. As described above, the isotropic liquid crystal requires stronger electrolysis than the conventional nematic liquid crystal, but this electrode structure can increase the electric field at the same applied voltage, and the isotropic liquid crystal can be controlled.

  In the present invention, the structure of the electrode formed on the glass substrate is characterized in that either one of the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT has a comb shape, and the common electrode CT is formed as described above. Even in a configuration formed in a flat plate shape, a configuration in which both the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT are formed in a comb-teeth shape as shown in FIGS.

  As described above, when both the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT are formed in a comb-teeth shape, a substantially parallel electric field is uniformly generated between the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT. Therefore, it is effective for driving a uniform liquid crystal material in the pixel without depending on the distance between the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT. However, in order to form a strong electric field, the distance between the pixel electrode and the common electrode is Shorter is desirable.

  However, in this configuration, as in the configurations of FIGS. 1 and 2, a very strong electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, and thus the problems described so far are common to this configuration.

  Therefore, it is inevitable to apply the invention described below even in this configuration, and the problem can be solved by this.

[Configuration of protective film]
With the above configuration, it is possible to apply a strong electric field to the isotropic liquid crystal. However, when a three-dimensional isotropic liquid crystal is used, an alignment film is not necessary, so that the outermost electrode and the liquid crystal layer are in direct contact with each other. When a strong electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer with this configuration, impurities in the liquid crystal are unevenly distributed at the electrode / liquid crystal interface, which may cause a decrease in retention and display defects such as flicker.

  In order to solve this problem, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is the same as FIG. 2 in that the liquid crystal layer LC is disposed between the substrate SUB2 having the color filter CF and the substrate SUB1 having the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT. On the other hand, the configuration of FIG. 2 is different in that a protective film PAS2 is provided between the pixel electrode PX and the liquid crystal layer LC. Hereinafter, this study will be described in detail.

As the substrates SUB1 and SUB2, glass substrates having a thickness of 0.7 mm and polished surfaces are used. A thin film transistor is formed on the substrate SUB1, and a pixel electrode PX, a common electrode CT, and a video signal line DL are arranged. The pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT were formed by patterning ITO. The insulating film GI is made of silicon nitride and has a thickness of 0.3 μm. Similar to the above item [Basic configuration of device], the pixel electrode PX was patterned in a comb shape, and the interval between the slits was set to 5 μm. Here, in the process of forming the pixel electrode PX, an electrode thin film having an electrode thickness (x) of about 70 nm was formed. Such pixels are configured in an array shape composed of 1024 × 3 (corresponding to R, G, B) signal electrodes and 768 scanning electrodes, and an active matrix substrate having 1024 × 3 × 768 is formed. . Similarly, columnar spacers made of resin were formed on the surface of the substrate SUB1 on which the other color filter CF was formed by photolithography and etching.

Next, of these two substrates SUB1 and SUB2, a protective film PAS2 made of silicon nitride was formed with a film thickness of 250 nm on the surface of the SUB1 on which the pixel electrode PX was formed.
The protective film PAS2 can also be made of other inorganic film or organic film. The thickness of the protective film PAS2 needs to be a thickness that can prevent conduction with the liquid crystal. The pair of substrates SUB1 and SUB2 created in this manner were opposed to each other, and a sealing agent was applied to the peripheral part to assemble a liquid crystal cell. As the material of the liquid crystal layer LC to be sealed in the liquid crystal cell, the compound shown in the structure 1 described in Non-Patent Document 2 is used, and the three types of spacer alkyl chain lengths n = 7, 9, and 11 are respectively 1: 1. A composition having a ratio of .15: 1 was used. As the chiral material, BDH1281 manufactured by Merck Chemical Co., Ltd. was mixed in several percent so that the selective reflection center wavelength by the spiral structure was in the ultraviolet wavelength region. With this material, an isotropic liquid crystal that exhibits optical isotropy (cholesteric blue phase) in a wide temperature range near room temperature can be obtained. In addition, the liquid crystal composition is sealed in a cell in a vacuum and sealed with a sealant made of an ultraviolet curable resin to produce a liquid crystal panel. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer LC at this time is 10 microns in the liquid crystal sealed state. It was. The liquid crystal material used at this time is not limited to the liquid crystal material used this time. For example, the liquid crystal material JC-1041XX manufactured by Chisso, the liquid crystal material 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) manufactured by Aldrich, and the chiral agent ZLI- manufactured by Merck are described in the liquid crystal composition described in Non-Patent Document 5. A liquid crystal material that exhibits an optically isotropic blue phase, such as a liquid crystal composition composed of 4572, may be used. Other than this material, any medium that has optical isotropic characteristics when no voltage is applied and exhibits optical anisotropy when a voltage is applied may be used in the same manner.

By adopting the above configuration, in a liquid crystal device configuration using a three-dimensional isotropic liquid crystal, it is possible to suppress a decrease in retention rate and prevent display defects such as flicker.

[Configuration of surface film having a periodic structure]
It is known that a three-dimensional isotropic liquid crystal has an isotropic three-dimensional periodic structure when no voltage is applied. This periodic structure has a lattice constant to a wavelength of visible light in a normal crystal structure and can be said to be a kind of crystal. When a strong electric field is partially applied to the liquid crystal having such a structure, the periodic structure may be distorted, causing light leakage and a decrease in contrast from a state such as hysteresis. That is, the electrode structure of the above [Basic structure of the device] makes it possible to apply a strong electric field to the isotropic liquid crystal, but a periodic structure is formed by applying a partial strong electric field to the liquid crystal layer when the electric field is applied. The liquid crystal layer may be difficult to return to an optically isotropic state when it is in a state in which no distortion or voltage is applied. In order to solve such a problem, the configuration shown in FIG. 4 is adopted in this study. In FIG. 4, a liquid crystal display device is formed by the same process as the above item [Configuration of insulating film] except that the surface film SL is formed instead of the protective film PAS <b> 2 in FIG. 3.

Here, it is desirable that the surface film SL is disposed so as to be in contact with the lower surface of the liquid crystal layer LC and has a periodic structure on the surface. In the liquid crystal layer LC, in the region close to the pixel electrode PX, the distortion of the periodic structure of the isotropic liquid crystal is considered to be particularly serious. However, by arranging the surface film SL having a periodic structure as shown in the present study, the interaction between the interface between the surface film SL and the liquid crystal layer LC increases the retention of the periodic structure of the isotropic liquid crystal, Alignment defects can be reduced.

As a specific example of the isotropic holding film AL, an alignment film used for a nematic liquid crystal can be considered. In this study, the surface film SL is formed by SiO ₂ oblique deposition, but it may be formed by forming a polyimide film and rubbing it. In this case, a solution of polyamic acid varnish is printed on the pixel electrode PX and baked at 220 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a polyimide film of about 100 nm. Thereafter, a rubbing operation is performed to provide a periodic structure on the surface of the polyimide film, thereby completing the surface film SL. Furthermore, a periodic structure can be provided on the film by light irradiation without performing a rubbing treatment. Note that the surface film SL having the periodic structure is not a film for providing the liquid crystal layer with initial alignment, unlike the case of nematic liquid crystal. Therefore, it is not necessary to dispose films on both the upper and lower interfaces of the liquid crystal layer, and they need only be provided on the lower substrate SUB1.

By adopting the above configuration, the surface film SL in contact with the lower interface of the liquid crystal layer LC serves to help maintain the periodic structure of the isotropic liquid crystal, and can prevent light leakage and contrast reduction. In FIG. 4, the surface film SL is formed directly on the pixel electrode PX. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the surface film SL may be formed via the protective film PAS2.

  6 to 10 show a configuration in which a thermoplastic resin PMMA is used as the isotropic holding film AL. In this configuration, the isotropic holding film AL was formed by the procedure shown in FIGS. First, PMMA was applied on the insulating film GI2 provided on the substrate SUB1. After that, the PMMA film was deformed by heating to 200 ° C., softening the PMMA, and contacting and pressurizing the mold MO separately prepared by the electron beam drawing technique, and left in this state until the PMMA was cured. Thereafter, the mold MO was peeled off, and a pillar (columnar structure) having a thickness of 70 nm and a height of 200 nm was formed on the surface of the PMMA, thereby creating an isotropic holding film AL.

The periodic structure in the isotropic holding film AL is desirably formed of pillars or ribs (wall structure) with a period of less than or equal to the visible wavelength (400 nm or less) in order to prevent coloring due to light interference. The resin is not limited as long as it is a resin such as a resin, a thermosetting resin, or a photocurable resin. Further, as a periodic structure of the surface of the isotropic holding film AL, there is a shape in which unevenness is continuous in one direction as shown in FIG. 9, particularly a quadrangular prism structure. Also, as shown in FIG. 10, there is a cylindrical structure, but the pillar shape may be a cylinder, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a cone, a triangular pyramid, a quadrangular pyramid, or a hemispherical structure. It suffices if the periodic order is formed below the wavelength of visible light.

(Configuration of electrode shape)
In the above item [Configuration of Isotropic Retaining Film], rubbing treatment or light irradiation treatment has been described as a method for imparting a periodic structure to the surface film SL. However, when the surface film SL is disposed immediately above the pixel electrode PX, it is necessary to consider a seizure defect associated with the rubbing or light irradiation process. FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the protective film PAS, the pixel electrode PX, and the surface film SL in FIG. Here, if the angle Θ at the end of the pixel electrode PX is too large, the surface film SL near the end cannot be uniformly rubbed, and a defective portion DI to which no periodic structure is added is formed. In the region near the end of the pixel electrode PX, the electric field tends to concentrate when the angle Θ is large, and the role of the surface film SL is particularly important. For this reason, the occurrence of the defective portion DI does not partially improve the difficulty of returning the liquid crystal layer to the optically isotropic state. In order to solve this problem, the end of the pixel electrode PX may be processed into a tapered shape as shown in FIG. In other words, the effect of reducing the application of a partial strong electric field to the isotropic liquid crystal by improving the uniformity of rubbing by further reducing the angle of the edge, further improving the electric field concentration near the edge. can get. It is considered that such an effect can be exerted highly by setting the angle Θ of the end within the range of 0 ° <Θ <45 °.

On the other hand, when the surface film SL is irradiated with light, as shown in FIG. 13 or FIG. 14, the irradiation light UL is reflected at the end of the pixel electrode PX, and this reflected light is irradiated onto the surface of the isotropic holding film. It can be considered. In this case, the region that has received the reflected light receives the irradiation light UL that is directly irradiated and double irradiation, and a defective portion DI having a disordered periodic structure is formed. In order to prevent such double irradiation, when the angle of the end of the pixel electrode PX is Θ, the height of the pixel electrode PX is x, and the thickness of the surface film SL is y, y> x / 2sin ² Θ, x, y may be set so as to satisfy the relationship of Θ (45 degrees <Θ <90 degrees). By setting in this way, as shown in FIG. 15, double irradiation by both patterns of FIGS. 13 and 14 can be avoided, and the function of the isotropic holding film can be improved.

[Multi-domain configuration]
In this study, a multi-domain structure of a liquid crystal device using an isotropic liquid crystal will be described.

A uniaxial optically anisotropic medium has retardation angle dependency. For this reason, even if the bright display is white in the normal direction of the liquid crystal display device, there is an orientation in which the retardation increases and appears yellow in the oblique direction, or an orientation in which the retardation decreases and appears blue. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, when there is a single comb tooth direction (the direction of the slit S) provided in the pixel electrode PX in one pixel, there is a problem that coloring occurs depending on the viewing direction. In order to improve such viewing angle characteristics, there is a technique for designing a pixel electrode so that two portions (domains) having different orientation directions are formed when an electric field is applied. When two domains having different orientation directions are formed in one pixel when an electric field is applied, the coloration in the viewing angle direction is averaged by additive color mixture, so that blue and yellow are added together and approach white. In order to form such two domains, two regions having different directions of the slits S may be provided as shown in FIG. This is because by designing in this way, two regions having different electric field directions applied between the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT can be formed. Here, when the orientation directions of the two domains are 90 degrees, the coloring is best averaged and the viewing angle dependency is eliminated. On the other hand, when the conventional nematic liquid crystal is used, the direction of the slit S is 10 from the short axis direction of the pixel electrode PX (the short axis direction of the pixel) in consideration of the influence of the initial alignment of the liquid crystal layer and the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Designed in a direction shifted less than degrees. That is, the directions of the slits S corresponding to the domains are shifted from each other by less than 20 degrees.

On the other hand, when considering an isotropic liquid crystal, it is optically isotropic in three dimensions or two dimensions when no voltage is applied, but has a property that birefringence occurs only in that direction when an electric field is applied. Therefore, when a voltage is applied, it is optically uniaxial, and the viewing angle depends on the transmittance as in the case of the nematic liquid crystal. Furthermore, since the isotropic liquid crystal has no initial alignment with optical anisotropy, it differs from the nematic liquid crystal in that it is aligned along the electric field direction.

From the above points, a multi-domain structure optimum for an isotropic liquid crystal will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 18 shows the configuration of the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT in one pixel. In this configuration, there are two domains in one pixel, and the directions of the comb teeth (slits S) of the two domains are 45 degrees and 135 degrees with respect to the minor axis direction of the pixel electrode PX (the minor axis direction of the pixel). It is designed to be in a direction shifted. In this way, by setting the directions of the two slits S to be 90 degrees to each other, an electric field is applied between the comb-shaped pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT which are shifted by 90 degrees. It becomes possible for the isotropic liquid crystals in the domains to have an orientation direction shifted by 90 degrees from each other. Further, regarding the polarizing plates provided on the upper and lower sides of the liquid crystal panel, it is necessary to set the respective transmission axis directions orthogonal to each other and to shift the respective transmission axis directions by 45 degrees or 135 degrees from the direction of the slit S.

In the actual electrode design, some errors occur, but the directions of the slits S are 88 to each other.
If the angle is within the range of not less than 92 degrees and not more than 92 degrees (the same is true for the other angle settings, and is within the range of ± 2 degrees), substantially the same effect can be obtained.

  On the other hand, in the above configuration, since the slits S of 45 degrees and 135 degrees are disposed in the pixel electrode PX, a sufficiently long slit S structure cannot be formed particularly near the corner of the pixel electrode PX, and the inside of the pixel is effective. A new problem arises that it cannot be used. In order to improve this problem, the pixel structure shown in FIG. 19 is preferable. In this structure, a multi-domain structure is realized by forming slits S parallel to the long side and the short side of the pixel electrode PX or the common electrode CT in one pixel. Thereby, the orientation direction of the isotropic liquid crystal in the two domains is set to 90 degrees, and a comb-teeth shape that effectively uses the inside of the pixel can be obtained. In this configuration, the liquid crystal alignment directions of the two domains are directions of 0 degrees and 90 degrees with respect to the minor axis direction of the pixel electrode PX (the minor axis direction of the pixel), respectively.

Furthermore, the pixel structure of FIG. 20 can be considered as a modification of the configuration of FIGS. FIG.
Then, the shape of the pixel electrode PX itself is bent into a V shape, and the shape corresponds to the shape of the slit S set in the 45 degree direction and the 135 degree direction. By adopting such a shape of the pixel electrode PX, the inside of the pixel can be effectively utilized without creating a region having a slit S shorter than that of the configuration of FIG. Further, compared with the configuration of FIG. 19, there is an advantage that the end of the slit S in the pixel electrode PX can be reduced. Since a uniform lateral electric field is not formed at the end of the slit S, an alignment component parallel to the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is generated, and the change in alignment cannot be used for the change in transmittance, causing a decrease in transmittance. Therefore, it is possible to improve the transmittance by the configuration in which the end portions of the slits S that adversely affect are reduced. 21 employs a structure in which the bent portions of the pixel electrode PX and the slit S are curved as compared with the configuration of FIG. It is conceivable that the isotropic liquid crystal exhibits an elastic behavior. Therefore, disclination may occur when the orientation direction changes discontinuously at the boundary between the two domains. In order to suppress the occurrence of this disclination, in FIG. 21, it is possible to make the V-shaped bent portions of the pixel electrode PX and the slit S into a continuous curved shape, and to continuously change the orientation direction. Become. 20 and 21, the common electrode CT has a V-shaped bent shape as the pixel electrode PX has a V-shaped bent shape. However, in a configuration in which the common electrode is not separated for each pixel, such as in the case of a liquid crystal display device for small and medium-sized devices, the common electrode does not adopt a bent structure. Further, in the configuration of FIG. 21, the efficiency can be further improved by forming the V-shaped bent portion of the common electrode CT into a curved shape.

  FIG. 22 shows a configuration of a pixel group in the display element when the electrode structure of FIG. 20 or FIG. 21 is used. The video signal of the video signal line DL is supplied to the pixel electrode PX through the thin film transistor TFT controlled by the gate signal line GL. Display is performed by forming an electric field between the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT and driving the liquid crystal layer. Here, since the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT are processed into a V-shaped bent shape, it is desirable that the video signal line DL is also bent along the pixel electrode PX and the common electrode CT. By adopting such a shape, it is possible to realize a display element that eliminates a gap between pixels.

[Configuration of liquid crystal material]
In this study, a configuration of an isotropic liquid crystal material having high adaptability to a liquid crystal device and a device structure using this material will be described.

  Among isotropic liquid crystal materials, a polymer-stabilized blue phase is known as a material that becomes three-dimensionally optically isotropic when no voltage is applied. As the polymer-stabilized blue phase, a non-liquid crystalline monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 to Chemical Formula 3, a liquid crystalline monomer represented by Chemical Formula 4, a cross-linking agent represented by Chemical Formula 5, and a photopolymerization initiator represented by Chemical Formula 6 were used. It is known to obtain a final isotropic liquid crystal material by irradiating with ultraviolet rays (UV) and photocrosslinking.

However, problems arise when considering the case where such a liquid crystal material is applied to a liquid crystal device.
FIG. 23 shows a display element after the materials of Chemical Formulas 1 to 6 are mixed and sealed in a liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer LC is disposed between the substrate SUB2 having the color filter CF and the substrate SUB1 having the common electrode CT and the pixel electrode PX. Here, in order to photocrosslink the liquid crystal layer LC, it is necessary to irradiate UV UV from the substrate SUB1 or SUB2 side, but the color filter CF
And the like do not transmit the ultraviolet ray UV, and therefore the ultraviolet ray UV does not reach the liquid crystal layer LC on the entire surface or a part of the liquid crystal cell.

In order to solve this problem, it is conceivable to construct the isotropic liquid crystal material as follows.

In this study, a non-liquid crystalline monomer represented by Chemical Formula 7 to Chemical Formula 9, a liquid crystalline monomer represented by Chemical Formula 10, and an epoxy-based thermal crosslinking material represented by Chemical Formula 11 were used.
-The structure which obtains the material of isotropic liquid crystal shown in Chemical formula 16 is taken.

  First, the compounds represented by Chemical Formula 7 to Chemical Formula 9 and Chemical Formula 10 are mixed and sealed in a liquid crystal cell, and then the thermal crosslinking material represented by Compound 11 is sealed. Then, it is thermally cross-linked by heating at about 50 degrees for 2 hours to obtain Chemical Formulas 12 to 16. By adopting this configuration, an isotropic liquid crystal material can be generated without light irradiation, and a highly feasible liquid crystal device structure can be obtained.

  Further, when a thermally crosslinkable liquid crystal material is used as in the present study, a thin film is formed with a polyimide resin on a substrate sandwiching the liquid crystal material, whereby the thermally crosslinked molecules are firmly anchored on the substrate, and image printing is performed. A liquid crystal device with reduced sticking can be made. FIG. 24 shows this configuration. In FIG. 24, the liquid crystal layer LC is the same in that it is disposed between the substrate SUB2 having the color filter CF and the substrate SUB1 having the common electrode CT and the pixel electrode PX, but the upper and lower substrates are in contact with the liquid crystal layer LC. The difference is that the polyimide resin thin film PO is arranged on the surface.

  By adopting this configuration, it is possible to obtain an effect of reducing display unevenness due to image printing and afterimages.

It is a figure showing [basic composition of a device] of the present invention. It is a figure showing [basic composition of a device] of the present invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of a protective film] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of the surface film which has a periodic structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of the surface film which has a periodic structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of the surface film which has a periodic structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of the surface film which has a periodic structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of the surface film which has a periodic structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of the surface film which has a periodic structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of the surface film which has a periodic structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of an electrode shape] of the present invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of an electrode shape] of the present invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of an electrode shape] of the present invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of an electrode shape] of the present invention. It is a figure showing [the structure of an electrode shape] of the present invention. It is a figure showing the [multi-domain structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing the [multi-domain structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing the [multi-domain structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing the [multi-domain structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing the [multi-domain structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing the [multi-domain structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing the [multi-domain structure] of this invention. It is a figure showing [the composition of a liquid crystal material] of the present invention. It is a figure showing [the composition of a liquid crystal material] of the present invention. It is a top view which shows the other Example of the electrode structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other Example of the liquid crystal display device based on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

PX Pixel electrode CT Common electrode CL Common signal line GL Gate signal line TFT Thin film transistor DL Video signal line CF Color filter BM Black matrix SUB1, SUB2 Substrate PL1, PL2 Polarizing plate GI Insulating film PAS1, PAS2 Protective film EL Electric field LC Liquid crystal layer SL Surface Film MO Mold DI Defective part UL Irradiation light S Slit UV Ultraviolet PO Polyimide resin thin film

Claims (5)

A first substrate, a second substrate,
A polarizing plate provided on the first substrate and the second substrate;
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A pixel electrode and a common electrode provided on the first substrate;
A surface film disposed on the first substrate ,
The liquid crystal layer has a property of causing optical anisotropy by applying voltage from an optically isotropic state,
One of the pixel electrode and the common electrode is formed in a comb shape,
An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer due to a potential difference generated between the pixel electrode and the common electrode ,
The first substrate has a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, and the pixel electrode, the common electrode, and a thin film transistor are arranged for each of the plurality of pixels.
The pixel electrode is formed in a comb shape, the common electrode is formed in a flat plate shape, and the pixel electrode has two different comb shapes in directions of 88 degrees or more and 92 degrees or less in each of the plurality of pixels. ,
The liquid crystal display device , wherein the surface film is disposed in contact with the surface of the liquid crystal layer and has a periodic structure having a size of 400 nm or less . The first substrate has a protective film;
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the protective film is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and an electrode closest to the liquid crystal layer among electrodes disposed on the first substrate.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer is obtained by a thermal crosslinking reaction. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer is a polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the periodic structure of the surface film is a columnar structure or a wall structure.

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