JP4837430B2 - Hydroform apparatus and method - Google Patents

Hydroform apparatus and method Download PDF

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JP4837430B2
JP4837430B2 JP2006115977A JP2006115977A JP4837430B2 JP 4837430 B2 JP4837430 B2 JP 4837430B2 JP 2006115977 A JP2006115977 A JP 2006115977A JP 2006115977 A JP2006115977 A JP 2006115977A JP 4837430 B2 JP4837430 B2 JP 4837430B2
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counter punch
pipe
shape
pipe material
mold
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JP2007283389A (en
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隆 額賀
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Press Kogyo Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、金型に収容した管材内に液圧を付加して、その管材の所定箇所を曲面形状に拡管するハイドロフォーム装置及び方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a hydroforming apparatus and method for applying a hydraulic pressure to a pipe housed in a mold and expanding a predetermined portion of the pipe to a curved shape.

管材(パイプ材)を径方向に拡管する際に、ハイドロフォーム成形が用いられる場合がある。このハイドロフォーム成形は、拡管形状(製品形状)に合わせて凹部が設けられた金型に管材を収容した後、その管材内に液体を封入して液圧を付加した状態で管材を軸方向に押圧(プレス)し、管材の一部を変形(膨張)させることで行われる(例えば、特許文献1参照)。   Hydroforming may be used when the pipe material (pipe material) is expanded in the radial direction. In this hydroform molding, after the pipe material is accommodated in a mold having recesses in accordance with the expanded pipe shape (product shape), the liquid is sealed in the pipe material and the hydraulic pressure is applied to the pipe material in the axial direction. It is performed by pressing (pressing) and deforming (expanding) a part of the pipe material (for example, see Patent Document 1).

特開昭56−99026号公報JP-A-56-99026

ところで、拡管比が比較的大きい場合(例えば、約2以上)、成形前の管材と金型の凹部との隙間が大きいため、管材が均一に変形せず(板厚が均一に減少せず)、破裂(バースト)し易くなる。そこで、拡管比が比較的大きい場合には、管材の変形に合わせて金型(カウンターパンチ)を移動させ、その金型(カウンターパンチ)により管材を押さえ込むことで破裂を防止するようにしている。   By the way, when the tube expansion ratio is relatively large (for example, about 2 or more), since the gap between the tube material before molding and the concave portion of the mold is large, the tube material does not deform uniformly (the plate thickness does not decrease uniformly). , Easy to burst. Therefore, when the pipe expansion ratio is relatively large, the mold (counter punch) is moved in accordance with the deformation of the pipe material, and the pipe material is pressed by the mold (counter punch) to prevent rupture.

しかし、管材を半球形状に拡管する場合、T字管のハイドロフォーム成形に用いるような円形平面を有する金型(カウンターパンチ)では、管材を半球形状に成形することは不可能である。   However, when expanding the pipe material into a hemispherical shape, it is impossible to mold the pipe material into a hemispherical shape with a mold (counter punch) having a circular plane used for hydroforming of a T-shaped tube.

そこで、本発明の目的は、管材を大きい拡管比で且つ曲面形状に拡管することができるハイドロフォーム装置及び方法を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydroform apparatus and method capable of expanding a pipe material into a curved surface shape with a large expansion ratio.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明は、金型に収容した管材内に液圧を付加して、その管材の所定箇所を曲面形状に拡管するハイドロフォーム装置において、上記金型の拡管形成部に複数並設され、上記管材の径方向にそれぞれ移動可能なカウンターパンチ部と、該カウンターパンチ部を上記管材の径方向に案内するためのガイドと、各カウンターパンチ部を上記管材の外周に押しつけるための押さえ手段と、各カウンターパンチ部の移動を、上記管材の所定箇所が曲面形状に拡管されるように順次規制するための規制手段とを備えたことを特徴とするハイドロフォーム装置である。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 is a hydroforming apparatus in which a liquid pressure is applied to a pipe material accommodated in a mold to expand a predetermined portion of the pipe material into a curved shape. A plurality of counter-punch portions that are arranged in parallel in the tube forming portion and are movable in the radial direction of the tube material, a guide for guiding the counter punch portion in the radial direction of the tube material, and each counter punch portion of the tube material A hydroforming apparatus comprising: pressing means for pressing against the outer periphery; and restricting means for sequentially restricting movement of each counter punch portion so that a predetermined portion of the pipe material is expanded into a curved shape. It is.

請求項2の発明は、上記カウンターパンチ部を、板状或いはリング状に形成した請求項1に記載のハイドロフォーム装置である。   The invention according to claim 2 is the hydroforming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the counter punch portion is formed in a plate shape or a ring shape.

請求項3の発明は金型に収容した管材内に液圧を付加して、その管材の所定箇所を曲面形状に拡管するハイドロフォーム方法において、上記金型の拡管形成部に、上記管材の径方向にそれぞれ移動可能なカウンターパンチ部を複数並設し、該カウンターパンチ部の先端部を上記管材の外周面に当接させつつ、上記カウンターパンチ部を上記管材の変形に応じて径方向外方に移動させ、各カウンターパンチ部の移動を、上記管材の所定箇所が曲面形状に拡管されるように順次規制することを特徴とするハイドロフォーム方法である。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydroforming method in which a hydraulic pressure is applied to a pipe material accommodated in a mold and a predetermined portion of the pipe material is expanded into a curved surface. A plurality of counter punch portions each movable in the direction are arranged side by side, and the counter punch portion is radially outward according to deformation of the tube material while the tip end portion of the counter punch portion is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the tube material. The hydroforming method is characterized in that the movement of each counter punch portion is sequentially regulated so that a predetermined portion of the pipe material is expanded into a curved surface shape.

請求項4の発明は、上記カウンターパンチ部を、板状或いはリング状に形成する請求項3に記載のハイドロフォーム方法である。   The invention according to claim 4 is the hydroforming method according to claim 3, wherein the counter punch portion is formed in a plate shape or a ring shape.

本発明によれば、管材を大きい拡管比で且つ曲面形状に拡管することができるという優れた効果を奏する。   According to the present invention, there is an excellent effect that the pipe material can be expanded into a curved surface shape with a large expansion ratio.

以下、本発明の好適な一実施形態を添付図面に基づいて詳述する。   Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

本実施形態のハイドロフォーム装置は、金型に収容した管材内に液圧を付加して、その管材の所定箇所を半球形状や円弧形状等の曲面形状に拡管するためのものである。   The hydroforming apparatus of the present embodiment is for applying a hydraulic pressure to a pipe housed in a mold and expanding a predetermined portion of the pipe to a curved shape such as a hemispherical shape or an arc shape.

図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係るハイドロフォーム装置の正面断面図であり、図1(a)は成形前の状態を示し、図1(b)は成形後の状態を示す。図2はハイドロフォーム装置の平面断面図であり、図2(a)は成形前の状態を示し、図2(b)は成形後の状態を示す。   FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a hydroforming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 (a) shows a state before molding, and FIG. 1 (b) shows a state after molding. FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the hydroforming apparatus, FIG. 2 (a) shows a state before molding, and FIG. 2 (b) shows a state after molding.

本実施形態のハイドロフォーム装置は、トラックのアクスルハウジングを成形するためのものである。   The hydroforming apparatus of this embodiment is for molding an axle housing of a truck.

図5に示すように、アクスルハウジング1の長手方向中央部には、車両後方向に略半球形状で膨出され(図5(a)参照)、且つ、車両上下方向に略円弧形状で膨出される(図5(b)参照)バンジョー部2が設けられる。   As shown in FIG. 5, the axle housing 1 bulges in the center in the longitudinal direction in a substantially hemispherical shape in the rearward direction of the vehicle (see FIG. 5 (a)) and bulges in a substantially arc shape in the vertical direction of the vehicle. The banjo part 2 is provided (refer FIG.5 (b)).

図1及び図2に示すように、ハイドロフォーム装置10は、管材11を収容するための金型12と、金型12に収容した管材11内に液圧を付加するための液圧付加手段13と、金型12に収容した管材11を軸方向(図1及び図2中の左右方向)に押圧するための押圧手段14とを備えている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hydroform apparatus 10 includes a mold 12 for housing the pipe material 11, and a hydraulic pressure adding means 13 for applying hydraulic pressure to the pipe material 11 accommodated in the mold 12. And a pressing means 14 for pressing the tube material 11 accommodated in the mold 12 in the axial direction (left-right direction in FIGS. 1 and 2).

液圧付加手段13は、管材11内に液体(例えば、水やオイル等)を封入することで、管材11内に液圧(内圧)を付加するものである。液圧付加手段13は、液圧ポンプ(図示せず)と、管材11の両端部にそれぞれ取り付けられ、管材11を封止する一対の封止部材15と、一端が液圧ポンプに接続され、他端が封止部材15に接続された配管16とを有している。各封止部材15には管材11内外を連通する貫通孔17が形成されており、液圧ポンプからの液体は配管16及び封止部材15(貫通孔17)を介して管材11内に封入される。   The hydraulic pressure adding means 13 adds a hydraulic pressure (internal pressure) to the pipe 11 by enclosing a liquid (for example, water or oil) in the pipe 11. The hydraulic pressure adding means 13 is attached to both ends of the hydraulic pump (not shown), the pipe material 11, a pair of sealing members 15 for sealing the pipe material 11, and one end connected to the hydraulic pump, The other end has a pipe 16 connected to the sealing member 15. Each sealing member 15 is formed with a through hole 17 that communicates the inside and outside of the tube material 11, and the liquid from the hydraulic pump is sealed in the tube material 11 through the pipe 16 and the sealing member 15 (through hole 17). The

押圧手段14は、管材11を軸方向に圧縮することで、管材11を軸方向に押圧するものである。押圧手段14は、管材11を軸方向に圧縮するための押圧シリンダ18(例えば、油圧シリンダ等)を有している。押圧シリンダ18のロッド19先端が封止部材15に当接され、押圧シリンダ18は封止部材15を介して管材11を軸方向に圧縮する。   The pressing means 14 presses the tube material 11 in the axial direction by compressing the tube material 11 in the axial direction. The pressing means 14 has a pressing cylinder 18 (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) for compressing the tube material 11 in the axial direction. The tip of the rod 19 of the pressing cylinder 18 is brought into contact with the sealing member 15, and the pressing cylinder 18 compresses the tube material 11 in the axial direction via the sealing member 15.

図3及び図4に示すように、金型12は、上下に二分割されており、上型20と下型21とから構成される。上型20及び下型21の合わせ面にはそれぞれ、管材11の所定箇所(中央部)を拡管するための凹部(拡管形成部)20a、21a、及び、管材11の非加工部を支持するための凹部(管材支持部)20b、21bが形成される。   As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the mold 12 is vertically divided into two, and is composed of an upper mold 20 and a lower mold 21. The mating surfaces of the upper mold 20 and the lower mold 21 respectively support recesses (expansion forming portions) 20a and 21a for expanding a predetermined portion (center portion) of the tube material 11 and non-processed portions of the tube material 11. Recesses (tube material support portions) 20b and 21b are formed.

図3に示すように、上型20の拡管形成部20aには、アクスルハウジング1のバンジョー部2における車両後方向への膨らみ形状(半球形状)を管材11に成形するために、管材11の径方向にそれぞれ移動可能なカウンターパンチ(カウンターパンチ部)22が複数並設されている。各カウンターパンチ22は、リング状に形成されている。各カウンターパンチ22における管材11に当接する先端面は、断面略円弧形状に形成される。   As shown in FIG. 3, in the tube expansion forming portion 20 a of the upper mold 20, in order to form a bulging shape (hemispherical shape) in the rear direction of the vehicle in the banjo portion 2 of the axle housing 1, A plurality of counter punches (counter punch portions) 22 that are movable in each direction are arranged in parallel. Each counter punch 22 is formed in a ring shape. The front end surface of each counter punch 22 that comes into contact with the tube material 11 is formed in a substantially arc shape in cross section.

カウンターパンチ22の数は、管材11の板厚及び直径や、成形すべき膨らみ形状(半球形状)の曲率等に応じて適切に設定する。本実施形態では、カウンターパンチ22は、四つ並設されている。   The number of counter punches 22 is appropriately set according to the plate thickness and diameter of the tube material 11, the curvature of the bulge shape (hemispheric shape) to be formed, and the like. In the present embodiment, four counter punches 22 are arranged side by side.

上型20には、各カウンターパンチ22の落下を防止するための落下防止手段が設けられる。落下防止手段は、最外周のカウンターパンチ22を除く各カウンターパンチ22の脱落を防止するために、それら各カウンターパンチ22の外周に設けられ、径方向外側に突出する環状のストッパ(第一ストッパ)23と、最外周のカウンターパンチ22を防止するために、上型20に取り付けられ、径方向内側に突出するピン状のストッパ(第二ストッパ)24とから構成される。   The upper mold 20 is provided with a fall prevention means for preventing the counter punches 22 from dropping. The fall prevention means is an annular stopper (first stopper) that is provided on the outer periphery of each counter punch 22 and protrudes radially outward in order to prevent the counter punches 22 other than the outermost counter punch 22 from falling off. 23 and a pin-like stopper (second stopper) 24 that is attached to the upper die 20 and protrudes radially inward in order to prevent the outermost counter punch 22.

カウンターパンチ22を管材11の径方向(本実施形態では、上方)に案内するためのガイドが設けられる。つまり、カウンターパンチ22は、付加された液圧によって変形(膨出)される管材11によって押され、ガイド25に沿って上方に移動される。最外周のカウンターパンチ22を除く各カウンターパンチ22は、隣接するカウンターパンチ22の外周面及び内周面によって案内され、最外周のカウンターパンチ22は、隣接するカウンターパンチ22の外周面及び上型20に設けられた穴部25の内周面によって案内される。   A guide is provided for guiding the counter punch 22 in the radial direction (upward in the present embodiment) of the tube material 11. That is, the counter punch 22 is pushed by the tube material 11 that is deformed (bulged) by the applied hydraulic pressure, and is moved upward along the guide 25. Each counter punch 22 except for the outermost counter punch 22 is guided by the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the adjacent counter punch 22, and the outermost counter punch 22 is guided by the outer peripheral surface of the adjacent counter punch 22 and the upper die 20. It is guided by the inner peripheral surface of the hole 25 provided in the.

カウンターパンチ22は、各カウンターパンチ22を管材11の外周面に押しつけるための押さえ手段としての押さえシリンダ26(例えば、油圧シリンダ等)によって、所定の力で径方向内方(本実施形態では、下方)に押さえられるようになっている。つまり、カウンターパンチ22は、押さえシリンダ26によって下方へと押され、管材11に所定の外圧を付与するようになっている。押さえシリンダ26のロッド27先端には板状のカウンターパンチ受け28が取り付けられており、そのカウンターパンチ受け28の先端部が各カウンターパンチ22の後端部に当接される。   The counter punch 22 is radially inward (in this embodiment, downward) by a predetermined force by a pressing cylinder 26 (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) as a pressing means for pressing each counter punch 22 against the outer peripheral surface of the pipe material 11. ). That is, the counter punch 22 is pushed downward by the holding cylinder 26 and applies a predetermined external pressure to the tube material 11. A plate-shaped counter punch receiver 28 is attached to the tip of the rod 27 of the holding cylinder 26, and the tip of the counter punch receiver 28 is brought into contact with the rear end of each counter punch 22.

上型20には、各カウンターパンチ22の移動を、管材11の中央部が略半球形状に拡管されるように順次規制するための規制手段が設けられる。規制手段は、上型20に設けられ、各カウンターパンチ22の後端部が当接される段差部29からなり、カウンターパンチ22を径方向外方のものから順次移動を規制するようになっている。   The upper mold 20 is provided with a regulating means for sequentially regulating the movement of each counter punch 22 so that the central portion of the tube material 11 is expanded into a substantially hemispherical shape. The restricting means is provided on the upper die 20 and includes a stepped portion 29 with which the rear end portion of each counter punch 22 abuts, and the counter punch 22 is sequentially restricted from the radially outer side. Yes.

図4に示すように、下型21の拡管形成部21aには、アクスルハウジング1のバンジョー部2における車両上下方向への膨らみ形状(円弧形状)を管材11に成形するために、管材11の径方向にそれぞれ移動可能なカウンターパンチ(カウンターパンチ部)30が複数並設されている。各カウンターパンチ30は、板状に形成されている。各カウンターパンチ30における管材11に当接する先端面は、断面略円弧形状に形成される。   As shown in FIG. 4, in the tube forming portion 21 a of the lower mold 21, in order to form a bulging shape (arc shape) in the vehicle vertical direction in the banjo portion 2 of the axle housing 1 into the tube material 11, the diameter of the tube material 11. A plurality of counter punches (counter punch portions) 30 movable in the direction are arranged in parallel. Each counter punch 30 is formed in a plate shape. The front end surface of each counter punch 30 that comes into contact with the tube material 11 is formed in a substantially arc shape in cross section.

カウンターパンチ30の数は、管材11の板厚及び直径や、成形すべき膨らみ形状(円弧形状)の曲率等に応じて適切に設定する。本実施形態では、カウンターパンチ30は、七つ並設されている。   The number of counter punches 30 is appropriately set according to the plate thickness and diameter of the tube material 11, the curvature of the bulge shape (arc shape) to be formed, and the like. In the present embodiment, seven counter punches 30 are arranged side by side.

下型21には、各カウンタパンチ30の管材11側への飛び出しを防止するための飛び出し防止手段が設けられる。飛び出し防止手段は、下型21に設けられ、上方に突出する段差部(第三ストッパ)31から構成される。   The lower mold 21 is provided with pop-out prevention means for preventing the counter punches 30 from jumping to the tube material 11 side. The pop-out preventing means is provided on the lower mold 21 and includes a stepped portion (third stopper) 31 protruding upward.

下型21には、カウンターパンチ30を管材11の径方向(本実施形態では、側方)に案内するためのガイドが設けられている。つまり、カウンターパンチ30は、付加された液圧によって変形(膨出)される管材11によって押され、ガイドに沿って側方に移動される。軸方向最外方のカウンターパンチ30を除く各カウンターパンチ30は、隣接するカウンターパンチ30の側面によって案内され、軸方向最外方のカウンターパンチ30は、隣接するカウンターパンチ30の側面及び下型30に設けられた凹部32の側面によって案内される。   The lower die 21 is provided with a guide for guiding the counter punch 30 in the radial direction of the pipe material 11 (in the present embodiment, on the side). That is, the counter punch 30 is pushed by the tube material 11 that is deformed (bulged) by the applied hydraulic pressure, and is moved sideways along the guide. Each counter punch 30 except for the axially outermost counter punch 30 is guided by the side surface of the adjacent counter punch 30, and the axially outermost counter punch 30 includes the side surface of the adjacent counter punch 30 and the lower die 30. It is guided by the side surface of the recess 32 provided in the.

カウンターパンチ30は、各カウンターパンチ30を管材11の外周面に押しつけるための押さえ手段としての押さえシリンダ33(例えば、油圧シリンダ等)によって、所定の力で径方向内方(本実施形態では、側方)に押さえられるようになっている。つまり、カウンターパンチ30は、押さえシリンダ33によって側方へと押され、管材11に所定の外圧を付与するようになっている。押さえシリンダ33のロッド34先端には板状のカウンターパンチ受け35が取り付けられており、そのカウンターパンチ受け35の先端部が各カウンターパンチ30の後端部に当接される。   The counter punch 30 is radially inward (in this embodiment, a side) by a predetermined force by a pressing cylinder 33 (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) as a pressing means for pressing each counter punch 30 against the outer peripheral surface of the pipe material 11. )). That is, the counter punch 30 is pushed to the side by the holding cylinder 33 so as to apply a predetermined external pressure to the tube material 11. A plate-shaped counter punch receiver 35 is attached to the tip of the rod 34 of the holding cylinder 33, and the tip of the counter punch receiver 35 is brought into contact with the rear end of each counter punch 30.

下型21には、各カウンターパンチ30の移動を、管材11の中央部が略円弧形状に拡管されるように順次規制するための規制手段が設けられる。規制手段は、下型21に設けられ、各カウンターパンチ30の後端部が当接される段差部36からなり、カウンターパンチ30を軸方向外方のものから順次移動を規制するようになっている。   The lower mold 21 is provided with a regulating means for sequentially regulating the movement of each counter punch 30 so that the central portion of the pipe material 11 is expanded into a substantially arc shape. The restricting means is provided on the lower die 21 and is composed of a stepped portion 36 with which the rear end portion of each counter punch 30 abuts, and the counter punch 30 is sequentially restricted from moving outward in the axial direction. Yes.

次に、本実施形態のハイドロフォーム方法について説明する。   Next, the hydroforming method of this embodiment will be described.

図5に示したアクスルハウジング1をハイドロフォーム成形を用いて管材11から成形する場合、アクスルハウジング1のバンジョー部2における拡管比が比較的大きいものとなる。   When the axle housing 1 shown in FIG. 5 is molded from the pipe material 11 using hydroforming, the pipe expansion ratio in the banjo part 2 of the axle housing 1 is relatively large.

そこで、上述したハイドロフォーム装置10を用いて予備成形を行うことで、管材11を破裂させることなく、アクスルハウジング1を製造することができる。   Therefore, the axle housing 1 can be manufactured without rupturing the tube material 11 by performing preforming using the hydroform apparatus 10 described above.

まず、予備成形行程(第一行程)として、ハイドロフォーム装置10を用いて、管材11の中央部を拡管して、バンジョー部2における車両後方向への膨らみ形状(半球形状)、及び、バンジョー部2における車両上下方向への膨らみ形状(円弧形状)を有する第一次成型品を形成する。   First, as a pre-formation process (first process), the hydroform device 10 is used to expand the central portion of the tube material 11, and the bulge shape (hemispherical shape) in the vehicle rear direction in the banjo portion 2 and the banjo portion A primary molded product having a bulge shape (arc shape) in the vehicle vertical direction in 2 is formed.

図1(a)及び図2(a)に示すように、封止部材15を管材11の両端部に取り付け、その管材11を金型12の上型20及び下型21の間(拡管形成部20a、21a及び管材支持部20b、21bにより区画される空間)に収容する。管材11に付加される液圧によって上型20が浮上するのを防止するために、所定の荷重が上型20に加えられる。   As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 2 (a), sealing members 15 are attached to both ends of the tube material 11, and the tube material 11 is placed between the upper mold 20 and the lower mold 21 of the mold 12 (expansion forming portion). 20a, 21a and the space defined by the pipe material support portions 20b, 21b). A predetermined load is applied to the upper mold 20 in order to prevent the upper mold 20 from floating due to the hydraulic pressure applied to the tube material 11.

次いで、液圧ポンプを作動させて、管材11に所定の液圧(内圧)を付加しつつ、押圧シリンダ18を伸長させて、管材11を軸方向に押圧する。その結果、管材11の軸方向中央部が径方向に拡管され、管材11の外周部が拡管形成部20a、21a及びカウンターパンチ22、30と当接する。   Next, the hydraulic pump is operated to apply a predetermined hydraulic pressure (internal pressure) to the tube material 11, and the pressing cylinder 18 is extended to press the tube material 11 in the axial direction. As a result, the central portion in the axial direction of the tube material 11 is expanded in the radial direction, and the outer peripheral portion of the tube material 11 contacts the tube expansion forming portions 20a and 21a and the counter punches 22 and 30.

ここで、成形初期は、管材11と拡管形成部20a、21a及びカウンターパンチ22、30との間に隙間がある状態で管材11を拡管することとなるが、管材11と拡管形成部20a、21a及びカウンターパンチ22、30との隙間は十分小さく(つまり、拡管比が小さい)、また成形初期は管材11の肉厚が十分厚いため、成形初期に、管材11が破裂するおそれはない。   Here, at the initial stage of molding, the tube material 11 is expanded with a gap between the tube material 11 and the tube expansion forming portions 20a and 21a and the counter punches 22 and 30, but the tube material 11 and the tube expansion forming portions 20a and 21a are expanded. In addition, since the gap between the counter punches 22 and 30 is sufficiently small (that is, the tube expansion ratio is small) and the tube material 11 is sufficiently thick at the initial stage of molding, there is no possibility that the pipe material 11 will burst at the initial stage of molding.

次いで、押圧シリンダ18をさらに伸長させると、管材11の変形(膨出)によって上型20及び下型21に設けた押さえシリンダ26、33が縮退される。つまり、管材11の変形(膨出)に応じて、上型20及び下型21に設けたカウンターパンチ22、30が径方向外方に移動される。カウンターパンチ22、30によって管材11に所定の外圧を付与しつつ、管材11を拡管するようにしたため、管材11を均一に変形させる(板厚を均一に減少させる)ことができ、管材11を比較的大きい拡管比で拡管させることが可能となる。   Next, when the pressing cylinder 18 is further extended, the holding cylinders 26 and 33 provided on the upper mold 20 and the lower mold 21 are retracted due to the deformation (bulging) of the tube material 11. That is, the counter punches 22 and 30 provided on the upper mold 20 and the lower mold 21 are moved radially outward in accordance with the deformation (bulging) of the tube material 11. Since the pipe 11 is expanded while applying a predetermined external pressure to the pipe 11 by the counter punches 22 and 30, the pipe 11 can be uniformly deformed (the thickness of the pipe 11 can be reduced uniformly). It is possible to expand the tube with a large expansion ratio.

また、上型20に設けたカウンターパンチ22は径方向外方のものから段差部29によって移動が順次規制されていくと共に、下型21に設けたカウンターパンチ30は軸方向外方のものから段差部36によって移動が順次規制されていき、カウンターパンチ22、30の先端部により区画される面の形状が平面形状から曲面形状へと徐々に変化される。カウンターパンチ22、30の先端部の面形状の変化に伴い、管材11の外周が平面形状から曲面形状となると共に、その曲面形状の曲率が徐々に大きくなっていく(曲率半径が徐々に小さくなっていく)。したがって、管材11を曲面形状に拡管させることが可能となる。   The movement of the counter punch 22 provided on the upper die 20 is sequentially regulated by the step portion 29 from the radially outer one, and the counter punch 30 provided on the lower die 21 is stepped from the axially outer one. The movement is sequentially regulated by the portion 36, and the shape of the surface defined by the tip portions of the counter punches 22 and 30 is gradually changed from the planar shape to the curved surface shape. As the surface shape of the tip of the counter punches 22 and 30 changes, the outer periphery of the tube material 11 changes from a flat shape to a curved surface shape, and the curvature of the curved surface shape gradually increases (the radius of curvature gradually decreases). To go). Therefore, the pipe material 11 can be expanded into a curved shape.

図1(b)及び図2(b)に示すように、上型20及び下型21に設けた押さえシリンダ26、33を、段差部29、36によって全てのカウンターパンチ22、30の移動が規制されるまで縮退させると、カウンターパンチ22、30の先端部により区画される面の形状が目標とする拡管形状となる。従って、バンジョー部2における車両上下方向への膨らみ形状(円弧形状)、及び、バンジョー部2における車両後方向への膨らみ形状(半球形状)を有する第一次成型品が得られる。   As shown in FIGS. 1B and 2B, the movement of all counter punches 22 and 30 is restricted by the stepped portions 29 and 36 on the holding cylinders 26 and 33 provided on the upper die 20 and the lower die 21. When it is degenerated until it is done, the shape of the surface defined by the tip portions of the counter punches 22 and 30 becomes the target tube expansion shape. Accordingly, a primary molded product having a bulge shape (arc shape) in the vehicle up-down direction in the banjo portion 2 and a bulge shape (hemispheric shape) in the vehicle rear direction in the banjo portion 2 is obtained.

次に、仕上成形行程(第二行程)として、拡管形状(製品形状)に合わせて凹部が設けられた金型に第一次成型品を収容し、その第一次成形品に液圧を付加しつつ、第一次成形品を軸方向に押圧して、第二次成形品を得る。図3及び図4に示した金型12ではアクスルハウジング1におけるバンジョー部2の肩部(コーナー部)(図5の符号3参照)のR形状を小さくすることができないので、仕上成形行程で、バンジョー部2の肩部3の形状出しを行う。   Next, as the final molding process (second process), the primary molded product is accommodated in a mold having a recess according to the expanded pipe shape (product shape), and hydraulic pressure is applied to the primary molded product. However, the primary molded product is pressed in the axial direction to obtain a secondary molded product. In the mold 12 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the R shape of the shoulder portion (corner portion) (see reference numeral 3 in FIG. 5) of the banjo portion 2 in the axle housing 1 cannot be reduced. Shape the shoulder 3 of the banjo 2.

さらに、最終工程として、第二次成型品の中央部における半球形状に形成された面に対向する面をカットし、ディファレンシャル等の駆動機構を挿入するための挿入口(図5の符号4参照)を形成する。   Furthermore, as a final step, an insertion port for inserting a driving mechanism such as a differential by cutting a surface facing the hemispherical surface at the center of the secondary molded product (see reference numeral 4 in FIG. 5). Form.

以上により図5に示すようなアクスルハウジング1が得られる。   Thus, the axle housing 1 as shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.

この方法によれば、アクスルハウジング1に溶接部が無いため、耐久強度の信頼性が高く且つ軽量なアクスルハウジング1を低コストで得ることが可能となる。   According to this method, since there is no welded portion in the axle housing 1, it is possible to obtain the axle housing 1 having high durability strength reliability and light weight at low cost.

本実施形態による管材の破裂防止効果を確認すべく、アクスルハウジングを成形するシミュレーションを行った。そのシミュレーションでは、φ89mmの管材(素管)の中央部をφ196mmに約2の拡管比で拡管することを模擬した。管材は、材質をSTKM11A(熱処理材)とし、板厚を2.9mmとした。成形するアクスルハウジングは、バンジョー部における車両後方向への膨らみ形状(半球形状)の高さを35mmとし、バンジョー部における車両上下方向への膨らみ形状(円弧形状)の直径を170mmとした。板厚の減少率33%を破断限界とした。本実施形態の場合、板厚の最大減少率は30%であった。   In order to confirm the effect of preventing the pipe material from bursting according to the present embodiment, a simulation for molding the axle housing was performed. In the simulation, it was simulated that the central portion of a pipe material (element tube) of φ89 mm was expanded to φ196 mm with a pipe expansion ratio of about 2. The tube material was STKM11A (heat treatment material), and the plate thickness was 2.9 mm. In the axle housing to be molded, the height of the bulge shape (hemispheric shape) in the rearward direction of the vehicle in the banjo part was set to 35 mm, and the diameter of the bulge shape (arc shape) in the vehicle vertical direction in the banjo part was set to 170 mm. The thickness reduction rate of 33% was taken as the fracture limit. In the present embodiment, the maximum reduction rate of the plate thickness was 30%.

以上、本発明の好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態には限定されず他の様々な実施形態を採ることが可能である。   The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various other embodiments can be adopted.

図1はハイドロフォーム装置の正面断面図であり、図1(a)は成形前の状態を示し、図1(b)は成形後の状態を示す。FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a hydroform apparatus, FIG. 1 (a) shows a state before molding, and FIG. 1 (b) shows a state after molding. 図2はハイドロフォーム装置の平面断面図であり、図2(a)は成形前の状態を示し、図2(b)は成形後の状態を示す。FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the hydroforming apparatus, FIG. 2 (a) shows a state before molding, and FIG. 2 (b) shows a state after molding. 金型の上型の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the upper mold | type of a metal mold | die. 金型の下型の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the lower mold | type of a metal mold | die. 図5はアクスルハウジングを示し、図5(a)は正面図であり、図5(b)は平面図である。FIG. 5 shows an axle housing, FIG. 5 (a) is a front view, and FIG. 5 (b) is a plan view.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10 ハイドロフォーム装置
11 管材
20 上型(金型)
20a 凹部(拡管形成部)
21 下型(金型)
21a 凹部(拡管形成部)
22 カウンターパンチ(カウンターパンチ部)
25 穴部(ガイド)
26 押さえシリンダ(押さえ手段)
29 段差部(規制手段)
30 カウンターパンチ(カウンターパンチ部)
32 凹部(ガイド)
33 押さえシリンダ(押さえ手段)
36 段差部(規制手段)
10 Hydroform equipment 11 Pipe 20 Upper mold (mold)
20a Concave part (tube expansion forming part)
21 Lower mold (mold)
21a Concave part (tube expansion forming part)
22 Counter punch (Counter punch part)
25 holes (guide)
26 Pressing cylinder (pressing means)
29 Stepped part (regulation means)
30 Counter punch (Counter punch part)
32 Recess (Guide)
33 Holding cylinder (holding means)
36 Stepped part (regulating means)

Claims (4)

金型に収容した管材内に液圧を付加して、その管材の所定箇所を曲面形状に拡管するハイドロフォーム装置において、
上記金型の拡管形成部に複数並設され、上記管材の径方向にそれぞれ移動可能なカウンターパンチ部と、該カウンターパンチ部を上記管材の径方向に案内するためのガイドと、各カウンターパンチ部を上記管材の外周に押しつけるための押さえ手段と、各カウンターパンチ部の移動を、上記管材の所定箇所が曲面形状に拡管されるように順次規制するための規制手段とを備えたことを特徴とするハイドロフォーム装置。
In a hydroform apparatus that applies hydraulic pressure to the pipe material accommodated in a mold and expands a predetermined portion of the pipe material into a curved shape,
A plurality of counter punch portions arranged in parallel in the pipe expansion forming portion of the mold and movable in the radial direction of the pipe material, a guide for guiding the counter punch portion in the radial direction of the pipe material, and each counter punch portion A pressing means for pressing the pipe against the outer periphery of the pipe material, and a regulating means for sequentially regulating the movement of each counter punch part so that a predetermined portion of the pipe material is expanded into a curved shape. Hydroform equipment to do.
上記カウンターパンチ部を、板状或いはリング状に形成した請求項1に記載のハイドロフォーム装置。   The hydroforming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the counter punch portion is formed in a plate shape or a ring shape. 金型に収容した管材内に液圧を付加して、その管材の所定箇所を曲面形状に拡管するハイドロフォーム方法において、
上記金型の拡管形成部に、上記管材の径方向にそれぞれ移動可能なカウンターパンチ部を複数並設し、
該カウンターパンチ部の先端部を上記管材の外周面に当接させつつ、上記カウンターパンチ部を上記管材の変形に応じて径方向外方に移動させ、各カウンターパンチ部の移動を、上記管材の所定箇所が曲面形状に拡管されるように順次規制することを特徴とするハイドロフォーム方法。
In the hydroforming method of applying a hydraulic pressure to the pipe material accommodated in the mold and expanding a predetermined portion of the pipe material into a curved shape,
A plurality of counter punch portions movable in the radial direction of the pipe material are arranged in parallel in the pipe expansion forming portion of the mold,
The counter punch portion is moved radially outward in accordance with the deformation of the tube material while the tip portion of the counter punch portion is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the tube material, A hydroforming method characterized by sequentially regulating predetermined portions to be expanded into a curved shape.
上記カウンターパンチ部を、板状或いはリング状に形成する請求項3に記載のハイドロフォーム方法。
The hydroforming method according to claim 3, wherein the counter punch portion is formed in a plate shape or a ring shape.
JP2006115977A 2006-04-19 2006-04-19 Hydroform apparatus and method Active JP4837430B2 (en)

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