JP4808690B2 - Recording medium in which physical access control (PAC) cluster is written, recording medium formation, recording on recording medium, and reproducing method and apparatus from recording medium - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to physical access control (PAC) management and data writing, including a PAC and a medium for recording data (for example, a high-density optical disc such as a Blu-ray disc), and on the medium Or a method and apparatus for recording / reproducing data on or from the medium.

  As a recording medium, for example, an optical disc capable of writing a large amount of data is widely used. Among them, there is a high-density optical recording medium (HD-DVD) that can write and store high-quality video data and high-quality audio data for a long time, such as a Blu-ray disc (hereinafter referred to as “BD”). Has been developed.

  The BD includes a rewritable Blu-ray disc (BD-RE), a once-writable Blu-ray disc (BD-WO), and a read-only Blu-ray disc (BD-ROM).

  However, the conventional system has a problem in that there is a potential incompatibility between drives of different versions. For example, an old version of a drive may have difficulty interacting with a medium that exchanges information with a drive that includes at least one new version of the function.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for providing a PAC cluster on a medium such as a high-density optical disc, recording data in the medium using the PAC cluster, and reproducing data from the medium. is there.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a PAC cluster to improve data protection, data management and / or playback compatibility, avoid data corruption and / or reduce unnecessary repetitive operations. There is.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a medium such as a high density optical disc and a method and apparatus for managing a PAC cluster.

  To achieve the above object, the present invention provides at least one PAC area having at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster, and recording on each of the at least one PAC cluster on a recording medium. And / or at least one management area having state information for managing reproduction, and the state information includes an invalid state for each PAC cluster.

  The present invention is also a method for updating state information regarding at least one PAC cluster in a PAC area in a recording medium, and when the PAC cluster is updated, the updated PAC cluster is updated in the PAC area. Writing to the next writable cluster location, writing the state information of the PAC cluster as invalid and updating the state information by writing the updated PAC cluster state information as valid.

  The present invention is also a method for updating state information relating to at least one PAC cluster in a PAC area in a recording medium, wherein the PAC cluster is confirmed to be defective during recording or reproduction of the PAC cluster. The PAC cluster data is written to the next writable cluster location in the PAC area, and the status information of the PAC cluster is written as invalid or defective, and the PAC cluster data is Including updating the state information by writing the state information of the next writable PAC cluster that it contains as valid.

  The present invention also provides a method for updating a PAC cluster on a recording medium that can be written only once, including writing the PAC cluster in a PAC area, and updating the PAC cluster. Record the status information of the previous version of the PAC cluster as invalid, record the status information of the updated PAC cluster as valid, and the updated version of the PAC cluster is available to other available in the PAC area. Written to the cluster location.

  The present invention is also a recording apparatus for recording on and / or reproducing from a recording medium, wherein the drive unit drives an optical recording device that records data on the recording medium and reproduces data from the recording medium (Driver), at least one PAC area including at least one PAC cluster, and at least one management area having state information for each of the at least one PAC cluster, so as to record or reproduce data. And when the PAC cluster is updated, the control unit writes the updated PAC cluster to a next writable cluster position in the PAC area, and the PAC cluster is updated. Write the cluster status information as invalid, and write the updated PAC cluster status information as valid. By updating the status information.

  The present invention is also a recording apparatus for recording on and / or reproducing from a recording medium, wherein the drive unit drives an optical recording device that records data on the recording medium and reproduces data from the recording medium And driving to record or reproduce data based on at least one PAC area including at least one PAC cluster and at least one management area having state information for each of the at least one PAC cluster. And when the PAC cluster is confirmed to be defective during recording or reproduction of the PAC cluster, the control unit transmits the data of the PAC cluster in the PAC area. Write to the next writable cluster location, write status information of the PAC cluster as invalid or defective, previous By writing as valid the next writable PAC cluster containing the data of the PAC cluster, and updates the state information.

  The present invention is also a recording apparatus for recording on a recording medium which can be written only once and / or a reproducing apparatus from the recording medium which can be written only once, wherein data is recorded on the recording medium which can be written only once. For each of the at least one PAC cluster, a drive unit that drives an optical recording device that records and reproduces data from the once writable recording medium, at least one PAC region including at least one PAC cluster, and And a control unit that controls the driving unit to record or reproduce data based on at least one management area having the state information of, wherein the control unit writes the PAC cluster in the PAC area, Updating the PAC cluster, the control unit records the status information of the previous version of the PAC cluster as invalid, and The updated version status information of the new PAC cluster is recorded as valid, and the control unit stores the updated version of the PAC cluster in another available cluster location in the PAC area. Write.

  The foregoing general description of the invention and the following detailed description are for purposes of illustration and description, and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed invention.

  The accompanying drawings are included to provide an additional understanding of the invention, and together with the description provided to explain the principles of the invention form part of the present application and form an embodiment of the invention. The

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar parts will be described with the same reference numerals as much as possible.

  In an embodiment of the present invention, “physical access control” (PAC) means, in addition to the general term meaning, recording / reproduction of data for the entire disc or a specific segment in the physical area of the disc. Contains additional information recorded on the disk for control. The physical access control can be simply “PAC”, “PAC information” and “PAC control information”. For convenience, an area on the disc where the PAC is recorded is referred to as a “PAC area”, and a cluster-unit PAC recorded in the PAC area on the disc is referred to as a “PAC cluster”. Further, the PAC according to the embodiment of the present invention can record / reproduce data for the entire disk or a specific area for a drive that does not know a specific “PAC_ID” including a drive of a conventional version (eg, “legacy version”). It has an “unknown rule” that restricts A PAC to which “unknown rule” is applied is defined as “Unknown PAC”. Similarly, the known “PAC_ID” recorded on the PAC is “known rule”, and the PAC to which “PAC specific information” is applied is “Known PAC”.

  Hereinafter, an example of the PAC structure written on the PAC area will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall structure of a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 1, in a high-density optical disk that can be written only once, a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area are allocated in the direction from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the disk. The lead-in area further includes a TDMA (temporary disc management area) including a defect management area and a recording management area of the optical disc. In a high-density optical disk that can be written only once, TDMA can physically write data on the disk only once. Therefore, in order to write defect management information and record management information updated at least once during the disk usage period on the disk, additional TDMA requires an ISA (inner spare area) and an OSA (outer spare area) in the data area. area). The TDMA includes a TDDS (Temporary disc defenition structure) and / or a TDFL (Temporary defect list) having information such as the initial physical sector number of the defect list and the position information of the data area.

  In the lead-in area, an INFO2 area and an INFO1 area in which various management information of the disk is written are allocated, and the INFO area and the INFO1 area can include a PAC area. The PAC area assigned to the INFO2 area is referred to as a PAC2 area, and the PAC area assigned to the INFO1 area is referred to as a PAC1 area. One of the PAC2 area and the PAC1 area may have an original PAC, and the other may be a backup area for writing a copy of the original PAC.

  As described above, the PAC area can include an “unknown rule” that controls data recording / reproduction in the entire disc or a specific segment and restricts the function of drive recording / reproduction. The disk area controlled by the “unknown rule” includes a DMA (disc management area), a spare area, a user data area, and / or other areas. More specifically, the user data area is divided into segment areas defined on the disc to which the “unknown rule” is applied. The segments will be described in detail below.

  The “unknown rule” is used for predictable operation of the disc, for example, playback, recording, linear replacement of defective areas (logical replacement), logical overwriting of a high-density optical disc that can be written only once ( operation control such as logical overwrite). For example, a segment for defining the entire disc or a specific portion of the disc is provided as an indication of an area to which the “unknown rule” is applied. Therefore, by defining the area of the disk, the old version drive device can be accessed using “unknown rule”, and the new version disk can reduce unnecessary access of the old version drive device. Also, by defining an accessible area on the physical area of the disk using PAC for the old version drive device, the data area including user data written on the area can be more strongly protected, It is possible to prevent and reduce unauthorized access to the disk (for example, hacking).

  Next, the INFO2 area and the INFO1 area having the PAC2 area and the PAC1 area in the high-density optical disc that can be written only once will be described in detail. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the INFO2 area and the INFO1 area of a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 2, the INFO2 area is a 32-cluster PAC2 area, a 32-cluster DMA2 area for management, a 32-cluster CD (Control Data) 2 area in which control information is written, and a buffer area. It has 256 clusters including 32 clusters of BZ (Buffer Zone) 3 regions. The INFO1 area includes a BZ2 area of 32 clusters as a buffer area, a DMA1 area of 32 clusters as a defect management area, a CD1 area of 32 clusters into which control information is written, a PAC1 area of 32 clusters, and a 128 cluster area. Including drive area.

  That is, the PAC area according to the embodiment of the present invention is allocated to the INFO2 area and the INFO1 area in the lead-in area so that each has a size of 32 clusters. A PAC region having a size of 32 clusters is allocated, and each PAC has a size of 1 cluster. Further, the number of PACs each having a size of one cluster can be selected up to a maximum value (for example, 32 clusters). An example of a PAC structure written with a size of one cluster will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a PAC written on a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 3, one PAC having a size of one cluster (which is a 32 sector frame) includes a header area and a specific information area for a specific disk drive (for example, an optical disk drive). The PAC header area has 384 bytes allocated to the first frame of the PAC, and various PAC information such as “unknown PAC rule” and information on the segment is written therein. In the remaining area in the PAC area, information unique to the optical disk drive is written, and this is referred to as a “known rule”.

  An example of the PAC structure written in the above-described structure will be described with reference to FIG. Further, a specific field of the PAC that needs more detailed description will be described with reference to the drawing showing the field. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a PAC structure of a high-density optical disc that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 4, the PAC is divided into a header (applied to all PACs up to 384 bytes of the first frame) and an area in which the PAC specific identification information is written. More specifically, the header part further includes a 3-byte “PAC_ID”, a 1-byte “PAC format”, a 4-byte “PAC Update Count”, a 4-byte “Unknown PAC Rules”, a 1-byte “Entire_Disc_Flags”, 1 “Number of Segments” of bytes, each including a total of 32 “segments (Segment_0 to Segment_31)” of 8 bytes.

  “PAC_ID” provides the current PAC status and identification code. For example, “PAC_ID = 00 00 00 00h” means that the current PAC is not used. In the case of a rewritable high-density optical disk, “PAC_ID = FF FF FFh” means that the current PAC area has been used before but can be reused. Also, write "PAC_ID" with a predetermined bit, for example, "PAC_ID = 54 53 54h", and use it as a code to check whether the current drive is a freely accessible disk. Can do. In other words, if the current drive cannot recognize the input “PAC_ID” as described above, the current drive is determined not to know the input “PAC_ID” because the version is different. The Therefore, “PAC_ID = 54 53 54h” is used as a code that needs to refer to the information written in the “Unknown PAC Rules” field.

  As described above, the “Unknown PAC Rules” field is used as a field for designating an operation range of a drive that does not recognize the current PAC, and will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an “Unknown PAC Rules” field according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 5, the “Unknown PAC Rules” field indicated by 4 bytes (32 bits) defines control of various areas on the disk and / or access to the areas. In the table of FIG. 5, the “area” column indicates the controllable area on the disk, the “number of bits” column indicates the number of control bits, and the “control type” column indicates read / write and / or other similar operations. Indicates the control type.

  The controllable / accessible area / zone of the “Unknown PAC Rules” field can include multiple controls. For example, “Unknown PAC Rules” includes write control related to “TDMA area (excluding TDDS)”, write control related to “spare area” in the data area, and write and read related to CD (Control Data) area in the INFO area. Control, and when a segment area or user data area is defined in the data area, includes write and read control for the segment area and write and read control for the PAC cluster in the INFO area. Using fields, you can specify a controllable area in the disk for drives that do not recognize "PAC_ID" using "Unknown PAC Rules", such as those defined above. . Thus, if the drive version is different or the user desires access control, "Unknown PAC Rules" is used to control access to the entire disk or to a specific area within the physical area of the disk. Be utilized.

  Returning to FIG. 4, the “PAC Update Count” field is a field indicating the number of PAC updates (initially set to “0”). The number increases with each PAC rewrite. In addition, the “Entire Disc Flags” field is used as a field applied to the entire area of the disc regardless of the allocation for “unknown PAC”, and this indicates whether or not re-initialization is allowed. it can. However, in the case of a high-density optical disk that can be written only once, reinitialization is not allowed. In this case, the “Entire Disc Flags” field indicates that the PAC can be applied to the entire area of the disc, and the “Number of Segments” field indicates the number of segment areas to which the PAC can be applied. is there.

  The “Number of Segments” field indicates the number of segment areas applicable to the PAC. The segment includes the maximum number of segments (for example, 32) that can be assigned to one PAC. Information about the allocated segment is written in the “Segment_0” to “Segment_31” fields of 8 bytes each. In each of the “Segment_0” to “Segment_31” fields, the first physical sector number (PSN) of the first cluster in the segment area of the first 4 bytes is written.

  The segment will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a segment area on a high-density optical disc according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 6, in order to apply the PAC on the high-density optical disc, the maximum number of segment areas (for example, 32) is allocated starting from “segment 0” as necessary. That is, the segments managed by one PAC are allocated from “segment 0” to the maximum number (for example, 32) in ascending order, and even when there are a plurality of PACs, The total number does not exceed the maximum number (for example, 32).

  For example, write the first PSN of the first cluster indicating the start position of the allocated segment area and the last PSN of the last cluster indicating the end position of the allocated segment area on the “Segements” field. Thus, the optical disk drive can confirm the position of the segment area. For example, a plurality of segments allocated and managed by one PAC do not overlap each other, and the start position and the end position are designated as a boundary region between clusters.

  Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of PACs that manage the number of segment areas (for example, 32) are provided. This will be described in more detail later.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a PAC area on a high-density optical disc according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 7, each of a plurality of “Valid PACs” is written on a PAC area of 32 clusters (for example, a PAC area in INFO1 or INFO2) as the size of one cluster. The effective PAC may be an area having various types of PAC information as described above. A PAC that cannot be accessed by the optical disk drive for reasons such as update recording, defects, and / or similar conditions is referred to as an “invalid PAC”.

  As described above, the valid PAC includes a predetermined PAC_ID that depends on the version of the optical disk drive in which the PAC is written. In addition, a PAC area that is not used exists as a spare PAC. In the case of a rewritable optical disk, the 00 bit (“PAC_ID = 00 00h”) occupies a spare PAC area indicating that the area is not used or is not recorded (depending on the setting of the optical disk drive). Or may be present as an unused) region.

  However, in the case of a high-density optical disc that can be written only once, the information described above can be physically written only once on the disc. Thus, the spare area remains unrecorded until writing is complete or the disk is closed (if the user chooses not to write anymore).

  In the PAC area of the structure described above, the position of the valid PAC area can be retrieved (due to the previous record and invalid PAC to quickly retrieve the next writable area) Avoiding unnecessary areas affects the recording speed of the disc (multiple retry processes are required to read out defective areas). Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention include a method for recording various types of PAC related state information. For example, the location of multiple valid PACs, the location of the next writable PAC, and / or other related information is written into the disk structure, eg, TDDS until a disk close is performed. When a disc close is performed, recent TDDS information is transferred to a disc definition structure (DDS) of a separate disc management area (DMA) in the optical disc.

  As described above, the TDDS is an area that includes information such as the first physical sector number in the defect list, the location of the user data area, and / or other similar information. More specifically, the information written in the TDDS of the disc includes TDFL (temporary defect list) and / or TDDS information. Information written in the TDDS is pre-scanned and pre-loaded when the disc is loaded into the drive. Therefore, when various status information such as the position of a plurality of valid PACs and the next writable PAC position is written in the TDDS, the optical disk drive can scan the PAC area without scanning the entire PAC area. The above information can be easily obtained.

  Next, an example of a TDDS structure including various types of information related to the state of the PAC area will be described in detail. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a TDDS in a high-density optical disc that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 8, the TDDS of an optical disk that can be written only once includes a “TDDS identifier” field indicating a TDDS identifier, a “TDDS format” field indicating a TDDS format, and a position of LSN (Logical Sector Number) 0 in the user data area. “Location of LSN O of User Data Area” field, “PAC Status L0” field indicating PAC status information, and / or “PAC Status L1” field indicating PAC status information for dual layer Can be included.

  The “PAC Status L0” field has a total of 16 bits and is used not only as a field indicating the status of the PAC existing in the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area, but also as the PAC2 area of the INFO2 area. If the disc is a dual layer disc, the “PAC Status L1” field is used to indicate the layer of the dual layer disc to which the PAC has been written.

  An example of a method for writing the PAC state information in the TDDS will be described in detail. 9A to 9C are diagrams illustrating a method for writing PAC area and PAC state information in a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  According to FIG. 9A, the maximum number (for example, 32) of PACs each having the size of one cluster is allocated to the PAC2 area in the INFO2 area to which 32 clusters are allocated. The PAC written in the PAC2 area is the original PAC, and a copy of the original PAC is written in the PAC1 area in the INFO1 area. It is also possible to use the PAC1 area in the INFO1 area as the original PAC area and write the original copy in the PAC2 area in the INFO2 area.

  As shown in FIG. 9B, one “PAC Status L0” field may indicate the PAC status of the PAC2 area in the INFO2 area and the PAC1 area in the INFO1 area using a total of 128 bits (or 16 bytes). it can. In the case of the dual layer, since a “PAC Status L1” field is added, a total of 256 bits (or 32 bytes) are used. Therefore, 2 bits are used to indicate information included in one PAC area. For example, out of 64 bits having PAC2 state information on the PAC state bitmap (bitmap), bits b63 and b62 include state information of PAC # 1 (“location 1”) in the PAC2 region, and bits b61 and b60 are It includes state information of PAC # 2 (“location 2”) in the PAC2 area. If continuously applied in the same manner, bits b1 and b0 include state information of PAC # 32 (“location 32”) in the PAC2 region. In other words, 2 bits are assigned to one PAC, thereby indicating the PAC state of the PAC2 area. Similarly, the status information on the PAC1 area is also represented on the PAC status bitmap using the same method.

  FIG. 9C is a diagram illustrating a PAC state with respect to a PAC area expressed by 2 bits. According to FIG. 9C, when 2 bits indicating the PAC state are “00”, the PAC is not written. When the two bits are “01”, the PAC is not used in a high-density optical disk that can be written only once. In the case of a rewritable high-density optical disc, 2-bit “01” is “PAC_ID = 00 00 00h” indicating that the PAC has not been written, or the PAC has been used before. Used as “PAC_ID = FF FF FFh” indicating a reusable PAC. When 2 bits are “10”, it indicates that the PAC is a defective area or an invalid PAC. When 2 bits are “11”, this indicates that the PAC is a valid PAC.

  Therefore, the next writable PAC area corresponds to a PAC area in which the PAC status bit in the “PAC Status” field is indicated as “00”. Further, the position of the defective area or the invalid PAC corresponds to a PAC area in which the PAC status bit in the “PAC Status” field is indicated as “10”. Further, the position of the valid PAC corresponds to a PAC area in which the PAC status bit in the “PAC Status” field is indicated as “11”. By using the method described above, the PAC written on the PAC2 area and the PAC1 area via the “PAC Status” field of 16 bytes (or 32 bytes in the case of dual layer) included in the TDDS area. Among them, the optical disk drive can obtain information on the position of the effective PAC, the position of the defective area or invalid PAC, and the position of the next writable PAC. A more detailed description will be described later.

  10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating examples of PAC area and PAC state information written on a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10A, the PAC2 area in the INFO2 area where the original PAC is written may include a valid PAC, an invalid PAC, and an unrecorded PAC (unrecorded PAC) area. A copy of the original PAC written in the PAC2 area is written in the PAC1 area. At this time, for example, if the PAC area is a defective area, an error may occur in the recording process. Therefore, when an error occurs, the PAC is recorded in a continuous PAC area next to the PAC area where the error has occurred. The same rule is applied when an error occurs in the process of recording the original PAC.

  FIG. 10B is a diagram showing an example of a PAC area written in a “PAC Status” field of TDDS indicating PAC status information. More specifically, in the PAC2 area of the INFO2 area, PAC # 1 (“location 1”) is written as “11” in the corresponding field of the “PAC Status” field as a valid PAC, and PAC # 2 (“location 2 ”),“ 10 ”is written in the corresponding field as an invalid PAC. The rest of the area is written as “00” in the field as an unrecorded state, thereby indicating an unrecorded state. On the other hand, in the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area, PAC # 1 (“location 1”) is defined as a defective area when an error occurs during the recording process. Therefore, “10” is set in the corresponding field of the “PAC Status” field. Is written. In the next PAC # 2 (“location 2”), “11” is written in the field as a valid PAC. In the next PAC # 3 (“location 3”), “10” is written in the field as an invalid PAC. Since the rest of the area is in an unrecorded state, “00” is written in the field.

  11A to 11D are diagrams illustrating a method for writing PAC region and PAC state information according to another embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 11A, the original PAC is written on the PAC2 area of the INFO2 area, and a copy of the original PAC is written on the PAC1 area. In the method according to another embodiment of the present invention, if an error occurs on one side during recording, the area is not used. The same rule applies to errors detected during playback. More specifically, if an error occurs in PAC # 1 (“location 1”) in the PAC1 area in which a copy of the original PAC is written, the corresponding area 1 (“location 1”) in PAC2 is not used as well. . Next, the PAC is re-written in an area continuous with the area 1.

  Similarly, if an error occurs in PAC # 3 (“location 3”) in the PAC2 area in which the original PAC is written, the corresponding PAC is written in a continuous area in area 3. Therefore, the corresponding area 3 of the PAC1 area is not used in the same manner, and a copy of the original PAC is written in the area next to the area 3 in the PAC1 area. When the above-described method is used, a plurality of PACs written in the PAC2 area and the PAC1 area are the same and are located in the same area. Thus, if an error occurs while the drive reads the PAC2 area of the INFO2 area, the drive can instead be placed in the PAC at the same position in the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area without requiring any additional information. It can be accessed and read.

  In addition, when indicating the state information of the PAC area written on the TDDS, the PAC is written on the same position on the PAC2 area and the PAC1 area. Therefore, only one information of PAC2 and PAC1 can be shown. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 11B. According to FIG. 11B, 8 bytes (or 16 bytes in the case of a dual layer disk) can be used in the “PAC Status” field of the TDDS, and status information of only one of the PAC2 area and the PAC1 area can be used. Need to show. If the status information is indicated using a two-bitmap as described in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9B, the two-bitmap will contain the same information. The 2-bit information to be written is shown in FIG. 11C, which is expressed using the same method described in FIG. 9C.

  The PAC area written as shown in FIG. 11A is written in the “PAC Status” field as shown in FIG. 11D. More specifically, according to FIG. 11D, in the PAC2 area or the PAC1 area, the area 1 (“location 1”) is an error area, “10” is written in the corresponding field, and the area 2 (“location 2 ") is a valid PAC and" 11 "is written in the corresponding field. Area 3 (“location 3”) is an error area, “10” is written in the corresponding field, area 4 (“location 4”) is a valid PAC, and “11” is in the corresponding field. Written. The rest of the area is in an unrecorded state, and “00” is written in the corresponding field.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a method for displaying PAC status information on a TDDS when a written PAC is updated according to an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, according to part (a) of FIG. 12, the PAC is written on the PAC2 area of the INFO2 area and the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area, and the PAC status information is written in the “PAC Status” field of the TDDS. . An example of a field having one effective PAC (PAC1) will be described. For the written PAC as described above, it is necessary to update the written effective PAC information. In this example, when the optical disc is a high-density rewritable optical disc, information can be rewritten by overwriting. However, in the case of a high-density optical disk that can be written only once, overwriting cannot be utilized.

  Therefore, when using a high-density optical disk that can be written only once, the updated valid PAC is written in the next area following PAC1 as shown in part (b) of FIG. Eventually, the previously written PAC1 becomes an invalid PAC, and the corresponding status information is updated from “11” to “10” indicating the valid PAC. In addition, the newly updated next valid PAC1 is updated from the first recorded area to the valid PAC, and the PAC state is updated from “00” to “11”.

  As shown in part (c) of FIG. 12, when the next valid PAC2 is recorded, a copy of the valid PAC2 is written in the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area. At this time, an error may occur in the process of writing the effective PAC2 in the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area. When an error occurs, the valid PAC2 is written in a writable area next to the error area. Therefore, the PAC state information indicating the PAC2 area is updated from “00” indicating that the PAC2 is an unrecorded area to “11” by writing the valid PAC2. Furthermore, since an error occurred while writing the valid PAC2, the PAC status information indicating the PAC1 area is updated from “00” to “11”. Further, since the valid PAC2 is written on the next writable area, the PAC state information is updated from “00” to “11”.

  Although not shown, when an error occurs during reading in the valid PAC area, the status information is updated from “11” to “00”. The TDDS information is continuously updated as necessary in the TDMA until the disk is closed. Further, as described above, if the TDMA is not sufficient, an additional TDMA can be allocated.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a TDDS in a high-density optical disc that can be written only once according to another embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 13, the TDDS in the high-density optical disc that can be written only once includes a “TDDS identifier” field indicating a TDDS identifier, a “TDDS format” field indicating a TDDS format, and a position of LSN0 in the user data area “ "Location of LSN 0 of User Data Area" field, "Last LSN of User Data Area" field indicating the location of the last LSN in the user data area, "PAC Clusters Defect Status" field indicating the PAC error status, and / or PAC A “PAC Allocated Space” field indicating the area allocation state may be included. The “PAC Clusters Defect Status” field and the “PAC Allocated Space” field in the TDDS having the above-described structure include various types of PAC status information, for example, the position of the defective cluster and the position of the effective PAC allocated on the PAC area. Etc., used to indicate.

  Next, a method of indicating PAC status information using the “PAC Clusters Defect Status” field and the “PAC Allocated Space” field will be described in detail. 14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating a method of writing PAC area and PAC state information of a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to another embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 14A, the total number of PACs (for example, 32) is written in one PAC area. For each PAC written, 32 bits can be used in the “PAC Clusters Defect Status” field to indicate a defect in the PAC cluster, as shown in FIG. 14B. Also, 64 bits may be required to indicate the state of the PAC1 area with a copy of the original PAC, and 128 bits are required in the case of dual layers. More specifically, according to FIG. 14B, PAC defect status (“PDS”) N bits can be used to indicate the defect status of the corresponding cluster. “0” indicates that the PAC cluster N is not a defective region, and “1” indicates that the PAC cluster N is a defective region. The PDS 31 bit and the PDS 30 bit are continuously allocated to indicate the states of the PAC # 1 area and the PAC # 2 area, respectively. Thirty-two PDS bits are provided to indicate possible defect conditions within one PAC area. Furthermore, 32 bits can be used in the “PAC Allocated Space” field to indicate the allocation state of the PAC area. Similarly, 64 bits are required to indicate the state of the PAC1 area with a copy of the original PAC, and 128 bits are required for the dual layer.

  The PAC status bit (“PSB”) N bits shown in FIG. 14B are used to indicate the allocation status of the PAC area. “0” indicates that the PAC cluster N is in a newly assignable state (that is, the PAC is in an unused state), and “1” indicates that the PAC cluster N is already used. Similar to the description of the PDS bits, the PSB bits are continuously allocated from PAC # 1 to PAC # 30. For example, the bit PSB31 indicates the state of the PAC # 1 area, and the PSB30 indicates the state of the PAC # 2 area.

  FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing examples of PAC area and PAC state information written in a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to another embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 15A, PAC # 1, PAC # 2, and PAC # 3 are allocated in TDDS. According to FIG. 15B, when PAC # 2 is a defect area, the PDS bit indicating the PAC # 2 area is recorded as “1” in the bitmap in the “PAC Clusters Defect Status” field. In the bitmap in the “PAC Allocated Space” field, bit PSB31, bit PSB30, and bit PSB29 indicate PAC # 1, PAC # 2, and PAC # 3, respectively, and these also indicate a pre-allocated state. 1 ”. Therefore, the optical disk drive can identify PAC # 4 as the next writable area based on the TDDS information in the above-described example.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration of a recording / reproducing apparatus for a high-density optical disc that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to FIG. 16, the recording / reproducing apparatus includes a recording / reproducing unit 10 that performs recording / reproducing on an optical disc, and a host or control unit 20 that controls the recording / reproducing unit 10. For example, the recording / playback unit 10 operates as an “optical disk drive” associated with the various embodiments of the present invention described above.

  In one embodiment, the host 20 commands the recording / reproducing unit 10 to record or reproduce in a specific area of the optical disc, and the recording / reproducing unit 10 performs recording / reproducing in the specific area according to the command of the host 20. To work.

  The recording / reproducing unit 10 communicates with the host 20 such as exchanging data and commands, a pickup unit 11 that writes data to the optical disc and reads data from the optical disc, and a signal read from the pickup unit 11 To receive and restore to a desired signal value, modulate the signal to be recorded into a signal recorded on the optical disk and transmit it, and accurately read the signal from the optical disk and accurately record the signal on the optical disk A servo unit 14 for controlling the pickup unit 11, a memory 15 for temporarily storing various information and data including management information, and a microcomputer 16 for controlling the components in the recording / reproducing unit 10. In addition.

  A method of recording a PAC on a high-density optical disk that can be written only once using a recording / reproducing apparatus will be described. First, when the optical disc is inserted into the recording / reproducing apparatus, all management information in the optical disc is read and stored in the memory in the recording / reproducing unit 10, and these management information is stored at the time of recording / reproducing the optical disc. Be utilized. In such a state, when the user desires to record in a specific area of the optical disc, the host 20 receives this as a recording command, and records the information on the desired recording position together with the data to be recorded in the recording / reproducing unit 10. To communicate.

  The microcomputer 16 in the recording / reproducing unit 10 receives the recording command, confirms from the management information stored in the memory 15 whether the area in the optical disk to be recorded by the host 20 is a defective area, Data recording is executed in an area other than the area in accordance with the recording command of the host 20. When it is judged that the recording / reproducing apparatus of the conventional version cannot be recognized because the recording to the entire disc or a specific area includes a new function that the recording / reproducing apparatus of the conventional version does not have, or according to the request of the user When it is intended to limit functions such as recording and reproduction of the specific area above, the microcomputer 16 in the recording / reproducing unit 10 records the control information regarding the area as an “Unknown PAC rule” in the PAC area on the disc. To do. The microcomputer 16 in the recording / reproducing unit 10 records PAC information such as “PAC_ID” regarding the recorded state and segment information which is control information for a specific area on the disc.

  The PAC information is written in the PAC2 area of the INFO2 area as a plurality of valid PACs as needed, each in the size of one cluster, and in the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area, a copy of a plurality of valid PACs is written for backup. Include. In this embodiment, the microcomputer 16 transmits the position information and data of the area in which data is written or the PAC area to the servo unit 14 and the data processor 13, and a desired position in the optical disk via the pickup unit 11. To complete the recording.

  A recording / reproducing method for a high-density optical disc written with a PAC according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. When the optical disc is inserted into the recording / reproducing apparatus, management information used for recording on the optical disc and reproducing the optical disc is read from the optical disc and stored in the memory 15 in the recording / reproducing unit 10. The The information stored in the memory 15 includes position information of various areas in the PAC area on the disk. Next, the PAC_ID of the PAC in the PAC area is identified, and it is determined whether or not the PAC_ID is a recognizable PAC_ID.

  If the PAC_ID is recognizable, this method requires that the recording / playback device that has written the data on the disc is the same version as the recording / playback device currently used, or that there are no separate recording / playback restrictions. The recording / reproduction is executed in accordance with the command from the host 20.

  If the PAC_ID is not recognizable, this method determines that the recording / reproducing device that has written data on the disc is a different version from the recording / reproducing device that is currently in use, and is on a disc that contains “Unknown PAC Rule”. Referring to the recording / reproduction restriction area, recording / reproduction is executed in accordance with a command from the host 20. Therefore, the microcomputer 16 transmits position information and data to the servo unit 14 and the data processor 13 in accordance with a command from the host so that recording / reproduction can be completed at a desired position on the optical disk via the pickup unit 11. To do.

  As described above, the method and apparatus for recording / reproducing a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to the embodiment of the present invention have one or more of the following advantages.

  First, the definition of accessible areas in discs of different versions of the drive by using PACs allows for stronger protection of data areas where user data is recorded, eg unauthorized access (eg , Prevent hacking) and reduce.

  Second, by assigning a plurality of valid PACs on the disk and writing information indicating the PAC state information in the TDDS, the PACs in the high-density optical disk can be managed.

  Third, a method and apparatus for recording / reproducing data using a PAC enables more efficient recording of data on a high-density optical disc and more efficient reproduction of data from the high-density optical disc. .

  It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments of the present invention can be variously modified and implemented without departing from the technical idea of the present invention disclosed in the claims. Thus, the present invention includes modifications and variations within the scope of the claims of the present invention and the equivalents thereof.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the INFO2 area | region and the INFO1 area | region of the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a PAC written on a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure of a PAC on a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an “Unknown PAC Rules” field according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the segment area | region in the high-density optical disk by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the PAC area | region in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of TDDS in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the PAC area | region and PAC state information in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the PAC area | region and PAC state information in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the PAC area | region and PAC state information in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing PAC area and PAC state information written in a high-density optical disc that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing PAC area and PAC state information written in a high-density optical disc that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for writing PAC area and PAC state information according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for writing PAC area and PAC state information according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for writing PAC area and PAC state information according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for writing PAC area and PAC state information according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for displaying PAC status information on a TDDS when updating a written PAC according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of TDDS in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by other embodiment of this invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method of writing PAC area and PAC state information in a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method of writing PAC area and PAC state information in a high-density optical disk that can be written only once according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the PAC area | region and PAC state information which were written in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the PAC area | region and PAC state information which were written in the high-density optical disk which can be written only once by other embodiment of this invention. 1 is a block diagram of a recording / reproducing apparatus for a high-density optical disc that can be written only once according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

Claims (27)

A recording medium,
A user data area including a plurality of segment areas for storing user data;
At least one control data area including a plurality of physical access control areas for storing physical access control data, wherein the physical access control data manages access to the recording medium;
An identification code of the physical access control area;
A first rule used when data is recorded on the recording medium and the identification code is recognized by a device that attempts to reproduce data from the recording medium;
At least one control data area comprising a second rule used when the identification code is not recognized by the device;
At least one management area for storing state information indicating a state of each of the physical access control areas, wherein the state information includes at least a management area indicating whether or not the physical access control area is defective. Prepared,
The recording medium, wherein the defective physical access control area is skipped, and the physical access control data is written to a next normal physical access control area.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the status information includes at least one bit pattern.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the state information on the skipped physical access control area indicates an invalid state.   The recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the state information about the next normal physical access control area indicates a valid state.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the access to the recording medium includes writing and / or reading of data.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the at least one control data area and the at least one management area are an inner area of the recording medium.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the state information indicates unrecorded, usable, defective, or valid state.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the at least one control data area includes a copy of the physical access control data. A method of writing data to a recording medium,
Writing physical access control data to a plurality of physical access control areas in at least one control data area, wherein the physical access control data manages access to a user data area of the recording medium; ,
An identification code of the physical access control area;
A first rule used when data is recorded on the recording medium and the identification code is recognized by a device that attempts to reproduce data from the recording medium;
A second rule used when the identification code is not recognized by the device;
The defective physical access control area is skipped and the physical access control data is written to the next normal physical access control area;
Writing status information indicating each status of the physical access control area in at least one management area, the status information indicating at least whether the physical access control area is defective; A method comprising the steps of:   The method of claim 9, wherein the state information for the skipped physical access control area indicates an invalid state.   The method of claim 10, wherein the status information for the next normal physical access control area indicates a valid status.   The method of claim 11, wherein the status information includes at least one bit pattern.   The method of claim 10, wherein the status information indicates unrecorded, available, defective, or valid status.   The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one control data area includes a copy of the physical access control data.   The method of claim 9, wherein the access to the recording medium includes reading and / or writing data. A method of reproducing data from a recording medium,
Reading status information indicating the status of each physical access control area from the management area, the status information indicating at least whether the physical access control area is defective;
Based on the status information, reading physical access control data from the physical access control area in at least one control data area, wherein the physical access control data is stored in a user data area of the recording medium. Manage access,
An identification code of the physical access control area;
A first rule used when data is recorded on the recording medium and the identification code is recognized by a device that attempts to reproduce data from the recording medium;
A second rule used when the identification code is not recognized by the device;
The method, wherein the physical access control data is read from the next normal physical access control area instead of a defective physical access control area based on the state information.   The method of claim 16, wherein the status information includes at least one bit pattern.   The method of claim 16, wherein the status information indicates unrecorded, available, defective, or valid status.   The method of claim 16, wherein the access to the recording medium includes reading and / or writing data. An apparatus for recording data on a recording medium,
An optical unit for recording data on the recording medium;
A control unit for controlling the optical unit to write physical access control data to a plurality of physical access control areas in at least one control data area, wherein the physical access control data is a user of the recording medium. Manage access to data areas,
An identification code of the physical access control area;
A first rule used when data is recorded on the recording medium and the identification code is recognized by a device that attempts to reproduce data from the recording medium;
A second rule used when data is recorded on the recording medium and the identification code is not recognized by a device that attempts to reproduce data from the recording medium ,
The defective physical access control area is skipped, and the physical access control data is written to the next normal physical access control area,
A status unit is written to at least one management area, indicating status of each of the physical access control areas, and the status information includes at least a control unit that indicates whether the physical access control area is defective. A device characterized by that.   21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the control unit controls the optical unit to write state information about the skipped physical access control area as an invalid state.   The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the access to the recording medium includes reading and / or writing data.   21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the status information indicates unrecorded, available, defective, or valid status.   21. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a host device that provides an instruction to record data to the control unit.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the physical access control data includes information indicating a number of the segment areas to which the physical access control data is applied.   The recording medium according to claim 25, wherein the number of the segment areas to which the physical access control data is applied is limited to a predefined value. An apparatus for reproducing data from a recording medium,
A pickup configured to reproduce data from the recording medium;
A control device,
Controlling the pickup to read status information indicating a status of a physical access control area from a management area, the status information at least indicating whether the physical access control area is defective;
The pickup is controlled to read physical access control data from the physical access control area in at least one control data area based on the state information, and the physical access control data is user data of the recording medium. Manage access to the area,
An identification code of the physical access control area;
A first rule used when data is recorded on the recording medium and the identification code is recognized by a device that attempts to reproduce data from the recording medium;
A second rule used when the identification code is not recognized by the control device;
Based on the status information, configured to control the pickup to read the physical access control data from the next normal physical access control area instead of a defective physical access control area And a control device.

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