JP4792296B2 - Wind power generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind turbine generator that generates vibrations by wind force and converts the vibration energy into electric energy to be extracted.

  In recent years, as a power generation method using clean energy, a power generation device using the force of fluid has been attracting attention. For example, a method is known in which power is directly generated by electromagnetic induction using a coil and a permanent magnet based on vibration excited by a fluid in a cylinder that is a vibrating body (see, for example, Patent Document 1). And according to this patent document 1, it is described that the suspension wire of a cable-stayed bridge, a high voltage electric wire, etc. can be utilized as a vibrating body. Patent Document 1 discloses a method of obtaining electric energy by applying a vibration of a cylindrical vibrator to a piezoelectric element to cause shear deformation in the piezoelectric element.

  Similarly to this, a method using a cylindrical cable is known as a mechanism for extracting energy using a cylindrical object as a vibrating body (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, a hydraulic device that operates a diaphragm by vibration generated when a cable receives wind force is disclosed. If an electromagnetic induction power generation device is applied to this hydraulic device, it is considered that a power generation device similar to the power generation device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is realized.

  In such a columnar vibrating body, vibration is generated regardless of the direction of wind from a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In other words, the cylindrical vibrating body has low directivity in the wind direction for generating vibrations satisfactorily. For this reason, problems such as a change in operating rate depending on the wind direction are unlikely to occur, and it is considered suitable for driving an electromagnetic induction generator.

However, when a bending type piezoelectric element such as a bimorph element that is easy to make compact and integrated and easily obtain large electric energy is applied to such a power generation device, the longitudinal direction of the bending type piezoelectric element is simply set. In a structure that is arranged parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical vibrator, the bending direction of the vibrator is low, which causes stress that causes torsion and shearing to the bending piezoelectric element, resulting in failure. There is a problem of being done.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-157433 (paragraphs [0060], [0098], FIG. 4, FIG. 10, etc.) U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,409

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a wind power generator that can vibrate a vibrating body using wind power, thereby generating power by vibrating the flexural piezoelectric element while suppressing its destruction. The purpose is to do.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a vibrating body having a flat tape shape and having a longitudinal end held so as to apply a predetermined tension in the longitudinal direction thereof, and at least one of the longitudinal ends of the vibrating body is provided. A piezoelectric power generation unit having a rectangular plate-shaped piezoelectric element, and the vibrating body vibrates in an arc shape by a wind blowing in a direction parallel to the main surface thereof, and the piezoelectric element is bent by the vibration. Thus, a wind power generator characterized by extracting electrical energy is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, a vibrating body having a substantially L-shaped cross-section and having a longitudinal end held so that a predetermined tension is applied in the longitudinal direction, and at least one of the vibrating bodies A piezoelectric power generation unit having a rectangular plate-like piezoelectric element provided at the longitudinal end of the piezoelectric element, and the vibrator vibrates in an arc shape by receiving wind at its inner corner, and the piezoelectric element is bent by the vibration. And a wind power generator characterized by extracting electrical energy.

  In these wind power generators, the piezoelectric power generation unit may be the piezoelectric element itself. That is, a piezoelectric element may be attached in series to the longitudinal end portion of the vibrating body. In the case of a flat tape-shaped vibrating body, a piezoelectric element may be attached in the vicinity of the end in the longitudinal direction of the main surface.

  As the piezoelectric power generation unit, a piezoelectric element including a rectangular reinforcing plate and a piezoelectric plate attached to each main surface of the reinforcing plate so as to be separated at the center in the longitudinal direction is used. A device that bends and vibrates in an S-shape is preferable.

  One aspect of the piezoelectric power generation unit includes a pair of holding jigs that hold a plurality of such piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that their principal surfaces are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction. . In this case, one of the pair of holding jigs is vibrated so that the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body, and the main surface of the piezoelectric element is orthogonal to the amplitude direction of vibration in the arc shape of the vibrating body. It is attached to one end of the body in the longitudinal direction and the other is fixed to a structure or the like.

  Another aspect of the piezoelectric power generation unit includes an unconstrained connecting member that holds two piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that their principal surfaces are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction, and the two piezoelectric elements A first holding member that holds one other end in the longitudinal direction and is attached to one end of the vibrator, and a second member that holds the other longitudinal end of the two piezoelectric elements and is fixedly fixed at a predetermined position. And a holding member.

  Still another aspect of the piezoelectric power generation unit includes a pair of holding jigs that hold a plurality of piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that their principal surfaces are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction. One of the pair of holding jigs is attached to one end in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body so that the main surface of the element is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body, and the other is fixedly fixed to a structure or the like.

  Still another aspect of the piezoelectric power generation unit includes a square frame-shaped holding jig that holds a plurality of piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that their principal surfaces are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction. . This holding jig is configured so as to be capable of shearing deformation while maintaining the opposite sides parallel to each other. One apex portion is attached to the longitudinal end portion of the vibrating body, and the apex portion facing the apex portion is fixed.

  Further, as another power generation unit, at least one end in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body is attached to the central portion of the main surface of the piezoelectric element, and the holding member for holding the piezoelectric element has the piezoelectric element at the longitudinal end and the main surface thereof. An elastic body, such as a spring or rubber, is attached to the center of the main surface of the piezoelectric element that is held perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body and assists bending vibration of the piezoelectric element. Those having different structures are also suitable. In the case of such a power generation unit, it is more preferable to use a member that holds the piezoelectric element in one bistable posture as the holding member because the piezoelectric element can be bent sharply.

  According to the wind power generator of the present invention, the flat tape-like vibrating body vibrates in an arc shape by the wind blown substantially parallel to the main surface, and the piezoelectric element is bent and vibrated using this vibration. It is difficult to apply a stress that causes deformation different from bending, thereby preventing the piezoelectric element from being broken. Further, the arc-shaped vibration generated in such a vibrating body has an advantage that since the vibration speed is high, the piezoelectric element is rapidly deformed, and thereby large electric energy can be taken out. Furthermore, there is an advantage that integration of piezoelectric elements is easy and a large electric energy can be obtained. Even when a tape-like vibrating body having a substantially L-shaped cross section is used, the inner corner side vibrates in the same arc shape by receiving wind, thereby driving the piezoelectric element.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a wind turbine generator 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Moreover, the side view which represented typically the vibration aspect of the vibrating body 11 in the wind power generator 10 in FIG. 1B is shown.

  The wind power generation apparatus 10 has a flat tape-shaped vibrating body 11, rectangular plate-shaped piezoelectric elements 12 provided at both ends of the vibrating body 11 in the longitudinal direction, and a predetermined tension in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body 11. Thus, a holding member 13 that holds both ends of the vibrating body 11 is provided.

  The vibrating body 11 is made of, for example, plastic or metal. As will be described later, the flat tape-shaped vibrating body 11 is when the wind blows substantially parallel to the main surface of the vibrating body 11 (the surface on the long side of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body 11). As shown in FIG. 1B, the wind causes vibrations that are repeatedly deformed so that the direction of the unevenness is changed in an arc shape. The shape and tension of the vibrating body 11 are determined by calculation or experimentally based on the installation location and a preset driving wind force.

  The piezoelectric element 12 is a so-called bimorph element, unimorph element, or the like, and a thin plate-like piezoelectric body such as a piezoelectric ceramic thin plate is attached to at least one main surface of a reinforcing plate such as a metal plate, a resin plate, or a ceramic plate. It has a structure. One end of the piezoelectric element 12 is fixed to the holding member 13. For example, when the piezoelectric element is a bimorph element, it can be fixed to the one end holding member 13 of the reinforcing plate. At this time, it is preferable that a part of the thin plate piezoelectric body is also fixed. Thereby, the piezoelectric element 12 bends according to the arc-shaped vibration of the vibrating body 11 and generates electric power, as will be described later. 1A and 1B show the piezoelectric element 12 in a simplified manner.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the wind power generator 10 has a structure in which the main surface of the piezoelectric element 12 is attached to the main surface of the vibrating body 11. However, the present invention is not limited to this structure. A structure in which the longitudinal direction and the longitudinal end of the vibrating body are joined may be used, or a structure in which a thin plate-like piezoelectric body is directly attached to the vibrating body may be used. In addition, although the piezoelectric elements 12 are provided on both main surfaces at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body 11, the piezoelectric elements 12 may be provided only on one main surface of one end in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body 11. Furthermore, although the width of the piezoelectric element 12 is substantially the same as the width of the vibrating body 11, the width of the piezoelectric element 12 may be wider than the width of the vibrating body 11, or conversely, may be narrow. .

  The holding member 13 is immovable and is attached to an immovable structure 18 such as a concrete structure or a metal structure. That the structure 18 is immovable means that it does not move with respect to the vibrating body 11. For example, the vibrating body 11 and the structure 18 may be movable integrally.

  In the wind power generator 10, since a constant tension is always applied to the vibrating body 11, twisting or shearing deformation hardly occurs regardless of the wind blowing from any direction. Therefore, the piezoelectric element 12 is not easily broken.

  In the wind turbine generator 10, when wind blows in the X direction substantially parallel to the main surface of the vibrating body 11 as shown in FIG. 1A, the vibrating body 11 swells in the Y direction as shown in FIG. 1B. A vibration (hereinafter referred to as “arc-shaped vibration”) is generated which is repeatedly deformed in an arc shape so that the unevenness thereof is replaced. Due to this arc-shaped vibration, bending vibration is generated in the piezoelectric element 12.

  The arc-shaped vibration generated in the vibrating body 11 is a standing wave vibration, and is often a resonance vibration, and thus has a feature that the vibration speed is high. Thereby, the piezoelectric element 12 can generate a large electric energy. The vibration generated in the vibrating body 11 is not limited to the primary vibration as shown in FIG. 1B and may be a secondary or higher vibration.

  In the piezoelectric element 12, when wind blows substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the vibrating body 11, the main surface receives the wind, but arc-shaped deformation occurs, but arc-shaped vibration hardly occurs, and large electric energy is generated. It is difficult to take out.

  The electricity obtained from the piezoelectric element 12 is alternating current, and the maximum voltage varies depending on the vibration amplitude and vibration speed. Therefore, it is preferable to extract the direct current through a rectifier bridge circuit or the like. The extracted electrical energy may be used for directly operating various electric products or the like, or may be stored in a capacitor or a secondary battery for later use.

  In the wind power generator 10, the main surface of the vibrating body 11 and the main surface of the piezoelectric element 12 are parallel to each other. However, like the wind power generator 10 </ b> A illustrated in FIG. 2, the piezoelectric element 12 has the main surface of the vibrating body 11. You may arrange | position so that it may orthogonally cross with a main surface. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 14 a is a holding member for holding the piezoelectric element 12, and reference numeral 14 b is a connecting member for connecting the piezoelectric element 12 and the vibrating body 11.

  In the wind power generator 10A shown in FIG. 2, the connecting member 14b is pulled up to the vibrating body 11 side by the arc-like vibration of the vibrating body 11, whereby the piezoelectric element 12 is bent and generates electric power. A spring 15 is provided between the connecting member 14b and the structure 18 at the free end of the piezoelectric element 12 (on the connecting member 14b side). The spring 15 pulls the connecting member 14b pulled up to the vibrating body 11 side. By pulling back, the bending vibration of the piezoelectric element 12 is assisted.

  3A and 3B show a schematic structure of another wind power generator 10B in which the piezoelectric element 12 is disposed so that the principal surface thereof is orthogonal to the principal surface of the vibrating body 11. FIG. In this wind power generator 10B, a connecting rod 16a is attached to the lower end of the vibrator 11, and the piezoelectric element 12 is held by the holding member 16b in a bistable state. The connecting rod 16a is inserted through a hole provided in the holding member 16b, and its displacement is limited in the Z direction. The connecting rod 16 a is attached to the central portion of the main surface of the piezoelectric element 12.

  Holding the piezoelectric element 12 in a bistable state means that the piezoelectric element 12 is held in a bent state by applying a compressive force to the piezoelectric element 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the bending direction is reversed. When a force is applied, it means a state where the bent state is held so as to be instantly reversed.

  A spring 17 is attached to the piezoelectric element 12 at a position facing the connecting rod 16 a via the piezoelectric element 12. When the vibrating body 11 is linear due to the spring 17, the piezoelectric element 12 is held in a bistable state in a convex state as shown in FIG. 3A.

  In the wind power generator 10B, when arc-like vibration is generated in the vibrating body 11, the displacement of the connecting rod 16a becomes displacement vibration in the Z direction. As shown in FIG. 3B, the piezoelectric element 12 is deformed so as to protrude upward by the force of the arc-like vibration of the vibrating body 11 pulling up the connecting rod 16a, and electricity is generated at this time. When the connecting rod 16a is lowered, the piezoelectric element 12 returns to a downwardly convex state by the spring 17, and the piezoelectric element 12 also generates electricity at this time. Thus, the spring 17 plays a role of assisting the bending vibration of the piezoelectric element 12. If the transition between the bistable states of the piezoelectric element 12 is used, a large amount of electrical energy can be obtained because deformation occurs instantaneously.

  As a further modification of the wind power generator 10B, there is a form in which the piezoelectric element 12 is held in a flat posture without applying a compressive force in the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element 12. FIG. 3C shows a state of the piezoelectric element 12 when the vibrating body 11 is stationary in such a modification. Also in this case, the connecting rod 16a is displaced and oscillated in the Z direction due to the arc-like vibration of the vibrating body 11, whereby bending vibration is generated in the piezoelectric element 12 and electric energy can be taken out.

  Next, still another wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4A shows a schematic side view of the wind turbine generator 20. The wind power generator 20 includes a piezoelectric power generation unit (hereinafter referred to as “power generation unit”) 21 at one end in the longitudinal direction of a tape-shaped vibrating body 11 (same as that of the wind power generation apparatus 10 and the same shall apply hereinafter). It has a provided structure.

  The power generation unit 21 has three piezoelectric elements 22 and a pair of piezoelectric elements 22 held at the ends in the longitudinal direction (Z direction) so that the principal surfaces thereof are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction (Y direction). Holding jigs 24a and 24b are provided. The number of piezoelectric elements 22 is not limited to three, but is two or more.

  In the wind power generation apparatus 10 described above, the piezoelectric element 12 itself is a power generation unit, and in the wind power generation apparatuses 10A and 10B, the piezoelectric element 12 and surrounding structural parts constitute a power generation unit.

  The longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element 22 and the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body 11 are parallel, and the main surface of the vibrating body 11 and the main surface of the piezoelectric element 22 are also parallel. In FIG. 4A, the holding jig 24 a whose width direction of the vibrating body 11 and the piezoelectric element 22 is perpendicular to the paper surface is fixed to the structure 18, and the other holding jig 24 b is attached to one end of the vibrating body 11. . The other end of the vibrating body 11 is attached to an immovable structure 18 via a holding member 13.

  FIG. 4B shows a side view showing the structure of the piezoelectric element 22 in more detail. FIG. 4B corresponds to an enlarged view of FIG. 4A. The piezoelectric element 22 includes a rectangular reinforcing plate 23 and four piezoelectric plates 25 a to 25 d that are attached to the main surfaces of the reinforcing plate 23 so as to be separated from each other at the center in the longitudinal direction. The structures of the piezoelectric plates 25a to 25d are not shown in detail, but each has a structure in which electrode films are formed on both surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic thin plate and polarized in the thickness direction. The direction of this polarization is indicated by an arrow in the piezoelectric plates 25a to 25d shown in FIG. 4B.

  Here, it is assumed that the reinforcing plate 23 is a metal foil. Therefore, for example, in the piezoelectric plate 25 a, an electrode (not shown) on the reinforcing plate 23 side of the piezoelectric plate 25 a is electrically connected to the reinforcing plate 23. The piezoelectric plates facing each other through the reinforcing plate 23 (that is, the pair of piezoelectric plates 25a and 25b and the pair of piezoelectric plates 25c and 25d) have the same polarization direction, and face each other through the longitudinal center portion of the reinforcing plate 23. The direction of polarization is opposite in the piezoelectric plate (that is, the set of piezoelectric plates 25a and 25c, the set of piezoelectric plates 25b and 25d). The outer surfaces of the piezoelectric plates 25a to 25d are connected by lead wires 26, and the reinforcing plate 23 is used as a common electrode.

  The mode of vibration of the vibrating body 11 in the wind power generator 20 is the same as the mode of vibration in the wind power generator 10. However, in the wind power generator 20, since the three piezoelectric elements 22 are arranged in parallel in the Y direction and fixed in parallel (parallel), they cannot be deformed in an arc shape like the vibrating body 11, and the vibrating body 11 Vibrations that substantially displace the holding jig 24b in the Y direction are generated, and vibrations with S-shaped bending occur in the three piezoelectric elements 22.

  FIG. 4C schematically shows an aspect of the S-shaped bending vibration of the piezoelectric element 22. The piezoelectric element 22 is deformed into an S-shape when the piezoelectric element 22 is viewed from the side (as viewed from the X direction as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B) as shown in the left diagram of FIG. 4C. When the jig 24b moves to the left in the Y direction, it means that the upper part of the piezoelectric element 22 bends to the left and the lower part protrudes to the right with the inflection point as the inflection point. When the holding jig 24b is moved to the right in the Y direction, as shown in the right figure of FIG. 4C, the upper side protrudes to the right, with the substantially central portion in the length direction of the piezoelectric element 22 as the turning point. It also means that the side bends to the left.

  In the wind power generator 20, when the vibration shown in FIG. 1B is generated in the vibrating body 11, the S-shaped bending in which the piezoelectric element 22 transitions between the state shown in the left figure of FIG. 4C and the state shown in the right figure of FIG. Vibrations are generated, thereby obtaining electrical energy.

  According to the state shown in the left diagram of FIG. 4C, in the piezoelectric element 22, the piezoelectric plates 25a and 25d are subjected to tensile stress, and the piezoelectric plates 25b and 25c are subjected to compressive stress. On the other hand, in the state shown in the right diagram of FIG. 4C, compressive stress is applied to the piezoelectric plates 25a and 25d, and tensile stress is applied to the piezoelectric plates 25b and 25c. In either case, the piezoelectric plates 25a and 25d are both polarized in the direction from the reinforcing plate 23 to the outer surface, and the piezoelectric plates 25a and 25d are both polarized in the direction from the outer surface to the reinforcing plate 23. As a result, the sign of the electromotive force generated in the piezoelectric plates 25a to 25d is the same on the reinforcing plate side and the same on the outer surface side. Thus, the electric energy generated in the piezoelectric plates 25a to 25d can be taken out without canceling.

  In the wind power generator 20, the power generation unit 21 is disposed only at one end of the vibrating body 11, but the power generation unit 21 may be provided at both ends of the vibrating body 11. In addition, in the case of a piezoelectric element that takes out electrical energy by causing an S-shaped bend like the piezoelectric element 22, the two piezoelectric plates are always subjected to tensile stress at the same time, and the two piezoelectric plates are compressed. Because stress is applied, the direction of polarization is the same for all piezoelectric plates, or the direction of polarization is reversed for the piezoelectric plates facing each other through the reinforcing plate, and they face each other through the longitudinal center portion of the reinforcing plate. The direction of polarization may be the same with a piezoelectric plate. In this case, since the reinforcing plate cannot be used as a common electrode, for example, a reinforcing plate made of an insulating material or a metal plate having an insulating layer formed on the surface thereof may be used. Necessary.

  In the same manner that the wind power generator 10 described above is transformed into the wind power generator 10 </ b> A, the wind power generator 20 also has a main surface of the vibrating body 11 and a main surface of the piezoelectric element 22 constituting the power generation unit 21. The power generation unit 21 may be attached to the vibrating body 11 so as to be orthogonal to each other. Even in that case, the piezoelectric element 22 can generate S-shaped bending vibration.

  Next, another form of the power generation unit attached to the longitudinal end of the vibrating body 11 will be described. FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of the power generation unit 31. This power generation unit 31 is composed of four piezoelectric elements 22a to 22d (same as those constituting the power generation unit 21) and two piezoelectric elements 22a and 22b with their main surfaces parallel and in the thickness direction (Z direction). An unconstrained connecting member 32a that is held at its longitudinal end so as to be separated, a connecting member 32b that similarly holds two piezoelectric elements 22c and 22d, a columnar support 35, and a support 35 in the Z direction. A first holding member 34a that is movably inserted and holds the other end in the longitudinal direction of the two piezoelectric elements 22a and 22c, and is fixed to the column 35 and holds the end in the longitudinal direction of the two piezoelectric elements 22b and 22d. A second holding member 34b.

  One end of the vibrating body 11 is attached to the first holding member 34 a, and the column 35 is fixed to the structure 18 so as not to move. The first holding member 34a functions as a so-called linear bush. For the connecting members 32a and 32b, a light material, a large rigidity, and a material that is not easily deformed, such as a light metal, a light metal alloy, and an engineering plastic, are suitable.

  FIG. 5B schematically shows deformation of the piezoelectric elements 22 a to 22 d in the power generation unit 31. In this power generation unit 31, when the arc-like vibration shown in FIG. 1B occurs in the vibrating body 11, a force for pulling up the first holding member 34a in the Z direction acts on the first holding member 34a, and at the same time, slides in the Y direction. Force also acts. However, the first holding member 34 a has a structure that can move only in the Z direction, which is the longitudinal direction of the support column 35. Therefore, as a result, the vibrating body 11 causes the holding member 34a to displace and vibrate in the Z direction.

  As shown in FIG. 5B, when the first holding member 34a is displaced upward in the Z direction from the position shown in FIG. 5A, S-shaped bending occurs in the piezoelectric elements 22a and 22c, and these generate electricity. Since the connecting members 32a and 32b are in an unconstrained state, that is, in a free state, the piezoelectric elements 22a and 22c lift the connecting members 32a and 32b while bending in an S shape, and thus the connecting members 32a and 32b are moved upward. Moving. Due to the movement of the connecting members 32a and 32b, S-shaped bends also occur in the piezoelectric elements 22b and 22d, and these generate electricity.

  In this way, in the power generation unit 31, S-shaped bending vibrations are basically generated in the piezoelectric elements 22a to 22d so as to transition between the state shown in FIG. 5A and the state shown in FIG. 5B. Thereby, electric energy can be taken out.

  The power generation unit 31 shown in FIG. 5A can be modified into a power generation unit 31A having the structure shown in the side view of FIG. 6A and the plan view of FIG. 6B. In this power generation unit 31A, the first holding member 34a of the power generation unit 31 is replaced with another first holding member 34c that can hold the piezoelectric elements 27 side by side with a certain gap in the Z direction, and the second holding member 34b also has a structure replaced with another second holding member 34d that can hold the piezoelectric elements 27 side by side with a certain gap in the Z direction.

  The first holding member 34c and the second holding member 34d may be capable of holding three or more piezoelectric elements 27 side by side in the Z direction. Examples of the connecting members 32c and 32d that hold the other end of the piezoelectric element 27 include a bolt 37 and a spacer 36 having a predetermined thickness provided with a screw hole screwed into the bolt 37. .

  The piezoelectric element 27 has a structure in which piezoelectric plates 29 are arranged in the width direction (X direction) of the reinforcing plate 28 as shown in FIG. 6B. Such a structure is preferably used when the size of the reinforcing plate 28 is increased, for example. The width direction of the reinforcing plate 28 is not limited to the two rows shown in FIG. 6B, and three or more rows of piezoelectric plates 29 may be arranged. Note that “+” and “−” shown on the piezoelectric plate 29 in FIG. 6B indicate the polarities of the surface of the illustrated piezoelectric plate 29 during polarization.

  Since the power generation mode of the piezoelectric element 27 in the power generation unit 31A is the same as that of the power generation unit 31, description thereof is omitted here, but the power generation unit 31A can extract larger electrical energy than the power generation unit 31. .

  By the way, although the power generation unit 31 is configured to use the four piezoelectric elements 22, the first and second holding members 34a include one connecting member and two piezoelectric elements held by the connecting member as one set. , 34b has a structure in which a plurality of sets are arranged radially, that is, when viewed from the Z direction, when connecting members are connected to each other, a piezoelectric element is formed in a regular triangle, square, regular pentagon, regular hexagon, regular octagon It is also possible to adopt a structure in which the connecting members and the connecting members are arranged radially. It goes without saying that the power generation unit 31A can be modified in the same manner.

  Further, as a further modification of the power generation unit 31A, there is a structure in which the support column 35 is not provided. That is, the second holding member 34d is directly fixed to the structure 18, and the first holding member 34c is supported by the piezoelectric element 27 and the coupling members 32c and 32d and is also supported by the vibrating body 11. It is good also as a structure positioned by the predetermined position by.

  In such a structure, when arc-like vibration is generated in the vibrating body 11, the vibrating body 11 exerts a force for displacing the first holding member 34 c in the Y direction. However, the connection structure of the piezoelectric elements 27 causes the first holding member 34 c to move. Y-direction displacement is suppressed. As the number of piezoelectric elements 27 increases, the Y-direction displacement suppression effect of the first holding member 34c increases.

  Subsequently, another power generation unit will be described. FIG. 7A shows a side view showing a schematic structure of the power generation unit 41. The power generation unit 41 includes a plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 and a rectangular frame-shaped holding jig 42 that holds the piezoelectric elements 22 at their longitudinal ends so that their principal surfaces are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction. It is configured.

  The holding jig 42 is composed of rod-shaped frame members 42a to 42d, and the frame members 42a and 42b are provided with projections 48 for holding the piezoelectric element 22, respectively. The rod-shaped frame members 42a to 42d are rotatably connected to each other at fulcrums 44a to 44d so that the frame member 42a and the frame member 42b are parallel and the frame member 42c and the frame member 42d are parallel. . As a result, the holding jig 42 can be sheared and deformed while the opposing frame members are kept parallel.

  In FIG. 7A, the fulcrum 44d is locked by the locking member 46a so that the position of the fulcrum 44d does not change (however, the frame members 42b and 42d are rotatable around the fulcrum 44d). Indicates the state. Further, in a state where the frame members 42 a and 42 c are rotatable around the fulcrum 44 a, the fulcrum 44 a is locked by the locking member 46 c, and the locking member 46 c is attached to the vibrating body 11.

  FIG. 7B shows how the power generation unit 41 is driven. When the arcuate vibration shown in FIG. 1B is generated in the vibrating body 11, a force F that causes displacement in the Z direction acts on the locking member 46c. In addition, although the force which displaces the locking member 46c also to a Y direction acts on the locking member 46c, as shown to FIG. 7A and 6B, when only the fulcrum 44d is locked, The force that displaces the locking member 46c in the Y direction is a force that rotates the holding jig 42 around the fulcrum 44d, and it is considered that the S-shaped bending of the piezoelectric element 22 is not greatly affected.

  By this force F, the holding jig 42 is deformed into a parallelogram so that the fulcrum 44a is lifted in the Z direction and the fulcrums 44b and 44c come close to each other. In the power generation unit 41, S-shaped bending vibration is generated in the piezoelectric element 22 so as to transition between the state shown in FIG. 7A and the state shown in FIG.

  FIG. 7C shows another locking configuration of the holding jig 42 and the driving mode of the power generation unit 41 in that case. As shown in FIG. 7C, even if the frame member 42b is fixed by the locking member 46b so that the frame member 42c is rotatable around the fulcrum 44c and the frame member 42d is rotatable around the fulcrum 44d. Good. Also in this case, the fulcrum 44a is lifted obliquely upward by the force F acting on the fulcrum 44a, and the holding jig 42 is deformed into a parallelogram, thereby deforming the piezoelectric element 22 into an S-shape and generating electric power.

  As in the state shown in FIG. 7C, the holding jig 42 has the frame member 42c so that the frame member 42a can rotate around the fulcrum 44b and the frame member 42b can rotate around the fulcrum 44d. You may fix by the locking member 46b.

  7A and 7B, when the power generation unit 41 is locked at the fulcrums 44a and 44d, as shown in FIG. 7D, the direction in which the force F acts, that is, the diagonal direction connecting the fulcrum 44a and the fulcrum 44d. It is also preferable to adopt a structure in which a spring 47a is interposed between the fulcrums 44a and 44d. In this case, the shape of the locking members 46a and 46c may be appropriately modified, and the spring 47 is more preferably provided on the back side of the illustrated paper surface so that the power generation unit 41 has a symmetric structure in the X direction. The spring 47 can balance the average tension in the Z direction, and can cause the piezoelectric element 22 to generate S-shaped bending vibration centered on the neutral point.

  In the wind power generator described above, instead of the flat tape-shaped vibrating body 11, the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is substantially L-shaped and the tape-shaped vibrating body 11a as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 8A. May be used. The vibration mode of the vibrating body 11a is shown in FIG. 8B. When the surface on the inner corner side receives wind, the vibrating body 11a generates arc-shaped vibration that is deformed in an arc shape in the Y direction with a slight rotation about the longitudinal axis. The power generation unit provided at the longitudinal end of 11a can be driven.

  A connection form between the vibrating body 11a and the power generation unit 31 described above is shown in FIG. 8C. If the vibrating body 11a is directly attached to the first holding member 34a, the vibrating body 11a itself may be damaged by the arc-like vibration generated in the vibrating body 11a. For example, as shown in FIG. It is preferable to use a method in which a rod-like connecting member 14 is attached to the corners of this, and this connecting member 14 is fixed to the first holding member 34a.

  Next, an example of a wind power generation system using the wind power generator 20 described above will be described. The wind power generation system 50 shown in the perspective view of FIG. 9 includes a plurality of wind power generation devices 20 in which the main surfaces of the vibrating bodies 11 are parallel to each other, and the vibrating bodies 11 are spaced at regular intervals in the thickness direction. It has a structure that is arranged in a line. In FIG. 9, the power generation unit 21 is simply shown as a box. The structure 52 that holds the wind power generator 20 fixes the column 52a, a wire (or bar) 52b suspended from the column 52a, an auxiliary support wire 52c for supporting the column 52a, and the power generation unit 21. Bar-shaped unit fixing member 52d. In such a wind power generation system 50, a large electric energy can be obtained by collecting electricity after the electricity generated in each wind power generation device 20 is converted into a direct current through a rectifier circuit.

  The wind power generation system 50 is preferably configured to be tiltable as a whole in order to prevent damage and destruction during strong winds. In addition, since it is possible to apply a constant tension to the vibrating body 11 using the weight of the power generation unit 21, the unit fixing member 52d is not always necessary. However, it is required that the weight of the power generation unit 21 is so large that the holding jig 24a of the power generation unit 21 is considered to be substantially fixed during the arc-shaped vibration of the vibrating body 11.

  Such a wind power generation system 50 can be arranged vertically and horizontally to increase the size of the system. At this time, it is preferable to prevent the vibrating bodies 11 from being aligned in a direction parallel to the main surface of the vibrating body 11.

  FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating the schematic structure of another wind power generation system 60 by showing the arrangement of the vibrator 11 included in the wind power generation apparatus 20. The direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the longitudinal direction of the vibrating bodies 11, and a power generation unit 21 (not shown) is attached to the longitudinal end of each vibrating body 11.

  The plurality of vibrators 11 constituting the wind power generation system 60 have their main surfaces parallel to each other and are arranged at predetermined intervals in the thickness direction (Y direction) and the width direction (X direction). When the wind blows in the X direction, arc-like vibration is generated in the vibrating body 11. In order to effectively use this wind force, the plurality of vibrating bodies 11 are not positioned on a straight line in the X direction. Are lined up.

  When the wind power generation system 60 is viewed from the X direction, the aperture ratio (the ratio of the portion where the field of view is not obstructed by the vibrating body 11 in the region where the vibrating body 11 is disposed) is 20% to 40%. Is preferred. When this aperture ratio is small, the wind in the power generation system 60 does not flow smoothly. On the other hand, when this aperture ratio is large, more wind power is not used for power generation. By setting the aperture ratio to 20% to 40%, wind can be effectively used for power generation.

  Such a wind power generation system can be used, for example, as a facility that replaces a windbreak forest, and is preferably installed particularly in a place where the wind blows strongly. Moreover, it is also preferable to use as a fence of a golf driving range, a ground fence of a school, etc.

The perspective view which shows schematic structure of a wind power generator. The side view which shows typically the vibration aspect of a vibrating body. The perspective view which shows schematic structure of another wind power generator. The figure which shows schematic structure of another wind power generator. The figure which shows typically the drive aspect of the wind power generator shown to FIG. 3A. The figure which shows the modification of the wind power generator shown to FIG. 3A. Furthermore, the side view which shows schematic structure of another wind power generator. The side view which shows the structure of the piezoelectric element which comprises the wind power generator of FIG. 4A. The figure which shows typically the aspect of the S-shaped bending vibration of the piezoelectric element of FIG. 4B. Sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of another electric power generation unit. The figure which shows typically the deformation | transformation of the piezoelectric element in the electric power generation unit of FIG. 5A. The side view which shows schematic structure of the modification of the electric power generation unit shown to FIG. 5A. The top view which shows schematic structure of the electric power generation unit shown to FIG. 6A. Furthermore, the side view which shows schematic structure of another electric power generation unit. The figure which shows the drive mode in the electric power generation unit of FIG. 7A. The figure which shows another drive aspect in the electric power generation unit of FIG. 7A. The side view which shows the modification of the electric power generation unit of FIG. 7A. The perspective view which shows the structure of another vibrating body. The figure which shows typically the aspect of the arc-shaped vibration of the vibrating body shown to FIG. 8A. The figure which shows the connection form of the vibrating body of FIG. 8A, and the electric power generation unit of FIG. 5A. The perspective view which shows schematic structure of the wind power generation system using the wind power generator of FIG. 4A. The top view which showed the structure of another wind power generation system by arrangement | positioning of a vibrating body.

Explanation of symbols

  10 · 10A · 10B · 20 ... wind power generator, 11 · 11a ... vibrator, 12 ... piezoelectric element, 13 ... holding member, 14 · 14b ... connecting member, 14a ... holding member, 15 ... spring, 16a ... connecting rod, 16b ... Holding member, 17 ... Spring, 18 ... Structure, 21/31 / 31A / 41 ... Power generation unit, 22 / 22a / 22b / 22c / 22d ... Piezoelectric element, 23 ... Reinforcing plate, 24a / 24b ... Holding jig 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d ... piezoelectric plate, 26 ... lead wire, 27 ... piezoelectric element, 28 ... reinforcing plate, 29 ... piezoelectric plate, 32a, 32b ... connecting member, 34a, 34c ... first holding member, 34b. 34d ... second holding member, 35 ... support, 36 ... spacer, 37 ... bolt, 42 ... holding jig, 42a / 42b / 42c / 42d ... frame member, 44a / 44b / 44c / 44d ... fulcrum, 46a 46b / 46c ... locking member, 47 ... spring, 48 ... projection, 50/60 ... wind power generation system, 52 ... structure, 52a ... strut, 52b ... wire (or rod), 52c ... support wire, 52d ... unit Fixed member.

Claims (8)

A vibrating body that has a flat tape shape and whose longitudinal ends are held so that a predetermined tension is applied in the longitudinal direction;
A piezoelectric power generation unit having a rectangular plate-like piezoelectric element provided on at least one of longitudinal ends of the vibrator;
Comprising
A wind power generator characterized in that the vibrating body vibrates in an arc shape by wind blown in a direction parallel to the main surface, and the piezoelectric element is bent by the vibration to extract electric energy. A vibrating body having a substantially L-shaped cross section and having a tape shape, and holding a longitudinal end so that a predetermined tension is applied in the longitudinal direction;
A piezoelectric power generation unit having a rectangular plate-shaped piezoelectric element provided at at least one longitudinal end of the vibrating body;
Comprising
A wind power generator characterized in that the vibrating body receives wind at an inner corner side thereof and vibrates in an arc shape, and the piezoelectric element is bent by the vibration to extract electric energy. The piezoelectric element comprises a rectangular reinforcing plate, and a piezoelectric plate attached to each main surface of the reinforcing plate so as to be separated at the center in the longitudinal direction thereof,
The piezoelectric power generation unit includes a plurality of the piezoelectric elements and a pair of holding jigs that hold the plurality of piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that the main surfaces thereof are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction,
One of the pair of holding jigs such that the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body and the main surface of the piezoelectric element is in an arc shape of the vibrating body and orthogonal to the amplitude direction of vibration. The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine generator is attached to one end of the vibrating body in the longitudinal direction and the other is fixed to be immovable. The piezoelectric element comprises a rectangular reinforcing plate, and a piezoelectric plate attached to each main surface of the reinforcing plate so as to be separated at the center in the longitudinal direction thereof,
The piezoelectric power generation unit includes an unconstrained connecting member that holds two piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that their principal surfaces are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction, and one longitudinal direction of the two piezoelectric elements. A first holding member that holds the other end in the direction and is attached to one end of the vibrating body; and a second holding that holds the other longitudinal end of the two piezoelectric elements and is fixedly fixed at a predetermined position. The wind power generator according to claim 1, further comprising a member. The piezoelectric element comprises a rectangular reinforcing plate, and a piezoelectric plate attached to each main surface of the reinforcing plate so as to be separated at the center in the longitudinal direction thereof,
The piezoelectric power generation unit includes a plurality of the piezoelectric elements and a pair of holding jigs that hold the plurality of piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that the main surfaces thereof are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction,
One of the pair of holding jigs is attached to one end in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body, and the other is fixed immovably so that the main surface of the piezoelectric element is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body. The wind power generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above. The piezoelectric element comprises a rectangular reinforcing plate, and a piezoelectric plate attached to each main surface of the reinforcing plate so as to be separated at the center in the longitudinal direction thereof,
The piezoelectric power generation unit includes a plurality of the piezoelectric elements, and a rectangular frame-shaped holding jig that holds the plurality of piezoelectric elements at their longitudinal ends so that their principal surfaces are parallel and spaced apart in the thickness direction. Equipped,
The holding jig can be sheared and deformed with the opposite sides kept parallel, and one vertex is attached to the longitudinal end of the vibrating body, and the vertex facing the vertex is fixed at a predetermined position. The wind power generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wind power generator is provided. At least one end in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body is attached to a central portion of the main surface of the piezoelectric element,
The piezoelectric power generation unit assists bending vibration of the piezoelectric element, a holding member for holding a longitudinal end of the piezoelectric element so that a main surface of the piezoelectric element and a longitudinal direction of the vibrating body are orthogonal to each other. The wind power generator according to claim 1, further comprising: an elastic body attached to a central portion of a main surface of the piezoelectric element to which the vibrating body is not attached.   The said holding member hold | maintains the said piezoelectric element in one attitude | position of a bistable state, and the said elastic body assists the bending vibration between the bistable states of the said piezoelectric element, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Wind power generator.

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