JP4776982B2 - Wood chip manufacturing method, wood crushing screen, wood crusher, and wood chip - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing wood chips by crushing waste wood into chips, and more particularly to improving the entanglement, air permeability, and elasticity of wood chips.

  Waste wood such as thinned wood, pruned wood, and felled wood is crushed by a crusher into wood chips, which are reused for various purposes. Conventionally, as a crusher for manufacturing wood chips, for example, a pair of shafts are provided in a casing so as to be capable of being driven to rotate, and a cutting crusher having a configuration in which a number of rotary cutting blades are provided on the pair of shafts, or a shaft of a rotor. There is a hammer type crusher having a configuration in which a large number of hammers are arranged in the direction and the circumferential direction and the hammer is rotated to use the impact action of the hammer.

  For example, when waste wood is crushed by a crusher using a rotary cutting blade, the waste wood can be finely crushed, but for example, it becomes a wood chip having sufficient characteristics for use as a weed control material. Not. This is because the wood chips finely pulverized by the rotary cutting blades are not elastic because the wood fibers are cut and, for example, when laid as weed control materials, they cannot be compacted, and the wood chips are entangled with each other. There was a problem that it was not easy to fly, it was easy to fly, it was easy to slip, and it was easy to flow out due to rain. In addition, when waste wood is crushed using a cutting crusher, the tip of the wood chip often has a sharp shape, which is not suitable for applications such as compost or livestock bedding. there were.

For such a problem, for example, Patent Document 1 includes, in the crushing chamber, a rotating body that rotates around an axis, and a crushing tool that is connected to the rotating body and has irregularities formed on at least part of the crushing surface. A crusher has been proposed. According to the crusher described in Patent Document 1, wood chips can be crushed into fibers.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-299975

However, even with the crusher described in Patent Document 1, the shape of the tip of the wood chip is not yet in a shape that has excellent entanglement and unity, and for example, has sufficient characteristics to be used for weed control materials and the like. It has not yet been equipped, and problems such as elasticity and breathability remain.
An object of the present invention is to propose a method for producing a wood chip that can advantageously solve the above-described problems of the prior art and produce a wood chip excellent in entanglement, air permeability, and elasticity.

  The inventors of the present invention have intensively studied various factors that affect the characteristics of the obtained wood chips when crushing waste wood using a hammer type crusher to produce wood chips. As a result, in order to provide the wood chip with the above-described entanglement, air permeability, and elasticity, it is possible to apply a crushing force to the waste wood to be crushed and to further apply a tearing force in the direction of the wood fiber. I realized that it was important.

  As a result of further research, the inventors of the present invention have made a hole disposed in the screen in order to apply a tearing force in the direction of the wood fiber when crushing waste wood with a rotating hammer and a screen. It has been found that it is preferable to make an inverted triangular hole whose hole width gradually decreases along the rotation direction. As a result, the waste wood to be crushed is pinched and crushed between the hammer and the screen, restrained in the hole of the screen, and further, the wood is torn in the fiber direction by the rotational force of the hammer, and the end of the wood chip The wood fiber is exposed and separated. And it discovered that wood chip | tips were easily entangled by making a wood chip edge part into such a shape, and a unity property improved. On the other hand, the wood chip center portion is sandwiched between the hammer and the screen and is crushed by the rotating hammer so that the wood fibers are not separated but loosened. This improves the elasticity of the wood chip and improves the air permeability.

The present invention has been completed based on the above findings and further studies. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A crushing chamber having an input port, a plurality of hammers rotatably attached to a rotating rotor, and a screen attached concentrically to the rotor below the rotor. In a wood chip manufacturing method, waste wood is charged into a wood crusher from the input port, and the waste wood is crushed between the hammer and the screen to turn the waste wood into wood chips. has a through-hole in a hole, at least one of the hole is a through hole of said plurality of has a region pore width gradually decreases along the direction of rotation of said hammer, reverse triangular hole, an inverted trapezoid Crushed wood as a screen that is a hole that is a mold hole, pseudo-reverse trapezoidal hole, parallelogram-shaped hole, or a combination thereof, or a hole in which inverted triangle holes and triangle holes are mixed together The above Restrained in the hole of the lean, and further, the wood can be torn in the direction of the wood fiber by the rotational force of the hammer, the end of the wood chip is crushed in the center and the wood fiber is loosened A method for producing wood chips, characterized in that each wood fiber is separated and exposed, and the wood chips are torn in the direction of the wood fibers.

(2) A crushed screen for crusher to wood chips with the hammer to rotate the waste wood has a plurality of through-holes in a hole, at least one hole is a through hole of said plurality of At least one of the inverted triangular hole, the inverted trapezoidal hole, the pseudo-reverse trapezoidal hole, the parallelogram-shaped hole, or any of them having a region where the hole width gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the hammer. A screen for crushing wood characterized by being a hole that is a combination or a hole in which an inverted triangular hole and a triangular hole are alternately mixed.

(3) A crushing chamber provided with an inlet, a plurality of hammers attached to a rotating rotor and rotatably arranged in the crushing chamber, and concentrically attached to the rotor below the rotor A wood crushing machine for crushing waste wood supplied from the input port between the rotating hammer and the screen to obtain wood chips, the screen comprising a plurality of through holes has a certain hole, at least one of the hole is a through hole of said plurality of has a region pore width gradually decreases along the direction of rotation of said hammer, reverse triangular holes, inverse trapezoidal holes, pseudo The screen is a reverse trapezoidal hole, a parallelogram-shaped hole, or a combination thereof, or a hole in which an inverted triangular hole and a triangular hole are alternately mixed. Restrained in the hole, Wood crusher, characterized in that to make the timber can be torn off in the wood fiber direction in the rotational force of the hammer.

( 4 ) Wood chips formed by crushing waste wood with the wood crusher according to (3) , wherein the ends of the wood chips are exposed separately from the wood fibers, and the wood fibers A wood chip, wherein the wood chip is cut in a direction, and the center portion of the wood chip is crushed and the wood fibers are loosened.

  According to the present invention, wood chips excellent in entanglement, breathability, and elasticity can be easily manufactured from waste wood, and used as weed control materials, compost, livestock litter, plywood and heat insulation materials, etc. It can be used effectively and has a significant industrial effect. Further, according to the present invention, waste wood can be reused and effectively used without polluting the environment, and the natural environment can be prevented from being degraded and the natural environment can be stabilized.

  In the present invention, wood chips are manufactured using a hammer type crusher. An example of the outline of the crusher suitable for implementation of this invention is shown in FIG. The crusher 1 shown in FIG. 3 has a crushing chamber 10 provided with an inlet 13. In the crushing chamber 10, a main shaft 12 connected to an external motor 14 via a coupling 15 is rotatably arranged. A rotor 11 is disposed on the main shaft 12 and is rotatable with the rotation of the main shaft 12. The rotor 11 preferably has a shape in which a plurality of disks are combined as shown in FIG. A plurality of hammers 17 are arranged on the rotor 11 in a circumferential direction and an axial direction of the rotor, preferably by a hammer shaft 16 so as to be rotatable and replaceable. The shape of the hammer 17 is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape capable of crushing and tearing wood. In the crushing chamber 10, a screen 20 is disposed below the rotor 11 so as to be concentric with the rotor 11. The screen 20 is provided with a plurality of holes 30. Further, the screen 20 may be formed as an integral type or as a divided type that is divided into a plurality of pieces in the circumferential direction, but is preferably a divided type that can be easily replaced. Either a horizontal type or a vertical type can be suitably applied to the wood crusher used in the present invention. Further, the insertion port 13 may be provided at the upper part or at the lateral part. In addition to the above-described devices, it is needless to say that all devices that are normally required for the operation of the crusher are provided.

  The waste wood, which is the material to be crushed, inserted into the crushing chamber 10 from the input port 13 of the crusher 1 having the above-described configuration is disposed between the rotating hammer 17 and the fixed screen 20 in the crushing chamber 10. Then, the rotational impact force is continuously applied by the plurality of hammers 17 to be crushed and made into a wood chip smaller than the hole 30 provided in the screen 20, and then passes through the plurality of holes 30 to pass through the discharge conveyor 21. Is discharged out of the crusher.

  The present invention is characterized by the shape of the plurality of holes 30 formed in the screen 20. In the screen 20 used in the present invention, at least one of the plurality of holes 30 formed in the screen, preferably a region having a top portion, and the hole width gradually decreasing along the rotation direction of the hammer toward the top portion. It is set as the hole which has. The hole having a region where the hole width gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the hammer is preferably an inverted triangular hole, an inverted trapezoidal hole, a parallelogram hole, a rhombus hole, or a combination thereof. . Note that inverted triangular holes and triangular holes may be alternately mixed in the direction of rotation of the hammer.

An example of a preferable hole shape formed in the screen used in the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 in a plan view.
FIG. 1 (a) shows an example in which a plurality of inverted triangular holes in which one vertex of a triangle is arranged in the rotation direction of the hammer are arranged in a lattice shape. The inverted triangular hole is a hole having a region in which the hole width gradually decreases toward the apex (portion) along the rotation direction of the hammer. Note that. It goes without saying that the arrangement of the plurality of holes is not limited to a lattice shape. It is good also as a houndstooth check pattern shown in FIG.1 (b).

  By forming a hole in the screen having a region where the hole width gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the hammer, the wood is crushed between the hammer and the screen to loosen the wood fibers, and the crushed wood Restrained by the holes in the screen, the wood can be torn in the direction of the wood fiber by the rotational force of the hammer. Thereby, with the center portion being crushed and the wood fibers being loosened, the end portions of the wood fibers are separated and exposed and are torn in the direction of the wood fibers. Become. As a result, the elasticity and breathability are improved, and the entanglement of the wood chips is improved.

  In particular, in an inverted triangular hole as shown in FIG. 1 (a), for example, having a top along the hammer rotation direction and the hole width abruptly narrows toward the top, the probability of restraining wood within the hole is high. Thus, it becomes easier to tear the wood fiber in the direction of the wood fiber by the rotational force of the hammer. In addition, the narrower the opening angle in the vicinity of the top, the better from the viewpoint of tearing the wood fiber. On the other hand, in the conventional rectangular hole (FIG. 4) and the circular hole which do not have a region where the hole width gradually decreases along the hammer rotation direction, the wood is not easily restrained in the hole, and the fiber of the wood is torn off. Since it is cut without tangling, the entanglement, elasticity, and breathability are reduced.

  FIG. 1C shows an example in which inverted triangle holes and triangle holes are alternately mixed in the rotation direction of the hammer. When waste wood is pulverized using a screen with such a hole arrangement, the wood fibers are easily squeezed and easily torn off, and the resulting wood chip becomes a squeaky torn timber chip, and only the inverted triangular hole is smashed. The wood chips that are produced are finer than the case.

  Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the hole shape of the screen is an inverted trapezoidal hole in which the bottom is arranged in the rotation direction of the hammer and the short side is arranged on the front end side in the rotation direction of the hammer. A plurality of holes may be arranged in a lattice pattern. This hole shape is also a hole having a region in which the hole width gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the hammer. As shown in FIG. 2B, a pseudo inverted trapezoidal hole having a shape in which the short side of the trapezoid has a curved surface convex in the direction of rotation of the hammer may be used. By making the short side (near the top) of the trapezoid into a curved surface, the cutting of the wood fiber at the end of the wood chip is reduced and the wood fiber is easily torn off. Note that the smaller the curvature radius of the curved surface, the easier the tearing of the wood fibers. Needless to say, the inverted trapezoidal holes may be arranged in a staggered pattern other than the lattice pattern.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.2 (c), you may make the hole shape of a screen into the rhombus type | mold hole which distribute | arranged the top part to the rotation direction of the hammer, and may arrange two or more in the shape of a lattice. This hole shape is also a hole having a top portion along the rotation direction of the hammer and a region in which the hole width gradually decreases toward the top portion. Moreover, as shown in FIG.2 (d), you may make the hole shape of a screen into a parallelogram type hole which has arrange | positioned the top part along the rotation direction of a hammer, and may arrange | position in a grid | lattice form. This hole shape is also a hole having a top portion along the rotation direction of the hammer and a region in which the hole width gradually decreases toward the top portion.

  The size of the hole formed in the screen can be appropriately determined according to the size of the wood chip to be manufactured. If the size of the hole is reduced, the size of the manufactured wood chip is also reduced. Also, as the number of holes formed in the screen increases, the wood chip manufacturing capability improves, but the wear due to screen wear is large, the frequency of replacement of the screen is high, and this is economically disadvantageous. What is necessary is just to determine suitably with the balance of productivity and economy.

By crushing the waste wood with a crusher for wood using a screen having a hole with the above-described shape, the ends are separated and exposed in the direction of the wood fiber. In addition, it is possible to easily and stably manufacture a wood chip in which the center portion of the wood chip is crushed and the wood fibers are loosened.
Such a wood chip has a feature that it has a gap, is elastic and breathable, and has a high hygroscopic property, and that the chips are easily entangled with each other. Even if these wood chips are thickly laid on the surface of farmland, forests, open spaces, etc., the chips will not fall apart and will not scatter or flow out due to wind or rain. Can be prevented for a long time. Furthermore, there is an effect that it does not scatter or flow out even on sloping ground. In addition, these wood chips are highly hygroscopic and can be processed quickly and completely for livestock excrement such as cattle and pigs, sludge, etc., and can be effectively reused as compost. Sometimes.

  Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be further described based on examples.

  Waste wood made from thinned wood and pruned wood is put into the crusher schematically shown in Fig. 3 and pulverized between a plurality of hammers rotating in the crushing chamber and the screen. The wood chips were passed through a predetermined size and discharged by a discharge conveyor. The screen used was a screen in which a plurality of inverted triangular holes (one side of the triangle: 100 mm, height: 150 mm) shown in FIG. After weeding, the obtained wood chips were laid down to a thickness of 12 cm in a weedy wasteland to completely cover the ground surface. In some cases, the thickness of the wood chips was changed. Next, after rolling and compacting the laid wood chips with a roller, the surface was covered with 20 mm thick soil and left for 24 months to observe the germination of plants such as weeds. From the same waste wood, a wood chip was manufactured in the same manner with the wood crusher shown in FIG. 3 using a screen having grid-like square holes shown in FIG.

  As a result, in the example of the present invention, no germination of the plant was observed, and it was confirmed that the wood chip produced by the method of the present invention was effective as a weed inhibitor. In the wood chip of the present invention, it was confirmed that the bulb can be degenerated by changing the laying thickness of the chip. On the other hand, in the comparative example, due to precipitation and wind along the way, there was a partial outflow of the laying layer, and therefore germination of plants was observed.

It is a top view which shows typically an example of the hole shape of the screen suitable for implementation of this invention. It is a top view which shows typically another example of the hole shape of the screen suitable for implementation of this invention. It is the top view which shows typically an example of the crusher for wood suitable for implementation of this invention, (a) Sectional drawing, and (b) An internal structure typically. It is a top view which shows typically an example of the hole shape of the screen used with the conventional crusher.

Explanation of symbols

1 Crusher
10 Grinding chamber
11 Rotor
12 Spindle
13 slot
14 Motor
15 coupling
16 Hammer shaft
17 Hammer
20 screens
21 Discharge conveyor
30 holes

Claims (4)

Crushing wood for wood having a crushing chamber having an inlet, a plurality of hammers rotatably attached to a rotating rotor, and a screen attached concentrically to the rotor below the rotor the machine, the waste timber is charged from the inlet, the crushing method for producing wood chips to wood chips between the hammer and the screen to rotate the waste timber, the screen, a plurality of through-holes It has a hole at least one or more of the holes is a through hole of said plurality of has a region pore width gradually decreases along the direction of rotation of said hammer, reverse triangular holes, inverse trapezoidal holes, The screen is a screen that is a pseudo-inverted trapezoidal hole, a parallelogram-shaped hole, or a combination thereof, or a hole in which inverted triangular holes and triangular holes are mixed together. The wood chip can be torn in the direction of the wood fiber by the rotational force of the hammer, and the wood chip is crushed at the center and the wood fiber is loosened, and the end is wood. A method for producing a wood chip, characterized in that each of the fibers is separated and exposed, and the wood chip is in a state of being torn in the direction of the wood fiber. A crushed screen for crusher to wood chips with the hammer to rotate the waste wood has a plurality of through-holes in a hole, at least one of the hole is a through hole of said plurality of However, at least one of an inverted triangular hole, an inverted trapezoidal hole, a pseudo inverted trapezoidal hole, a parallelogram type hole, or a combination thereof having a region where the hole width gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the hammer. A screen for crushing wood characterized by being a certain hole or a hole in which inverted triangle holes and triangle holes are mixed alternately. A crushing chamber having an inlet, a plurality of hammers attached to a rotating rotor and rotatably arranged in the crushing chamber, and a screen attached concentrically with the rotor below the rotor. A crusher for wood that crushes waste wood supplied from the input port between the rotating hammer and the screen into a wood chip, wherein the screen is provided with a plurality of through holes. An inverted triangular hole, an inverted trapezoidal hole, a pseudo inverted trapezoidal type, wherein at least one of the plurality of through holes is a region in which the hole width gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the hammer. The screen is a hole that is either a hole, a parallelogram-shaped hole, or a combination thereof, or a hole in which inverted triangle holes and triangle holes are mixed together, and the crushed wood is constrained by the holes in the screen. And further Wood crusher, characterized in that to be able to tear off the wood fiber direction of wood in rotational force of the comma.   A wood chip formed by crushing waste wood with the wood crusher according to claim 3, wherein the ends of the wood chip are exposed by separating the wood fibers and tearing in the direction of the wood fibers. A wood chip, wherein the wood chip is crushed and the wood fibers are loosened in a state where the wood chip is pressed.

Images